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Author |
Zheng, J.; Zhang, H.; Lv, J.; Zhang, M.; Wan, J.; Gerrits, N.; Wu, A.; Lan, B.; Wang, W.; Wang, S.; Tu, X.; Bogaerts, A.; Li, X. |
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Title |
Enhanced NH3Synthesis from Air in a Plasma Tandem-Electrocatalysis System Using Plasma-Engraved N-Doped Defective MoS2 |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
JACS Au |
Abbreviated Journal |
JACS Au |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1328-1336 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
We have developed a sustainable method to produce NH3 directly from air using a plasma tandem-electrocatalysis system that operates via the N2−NOx−NH3 pathway. To efficiently reduce NO2− to NH3, we propose a novel electrocatalyst consisting of defective N-doped molybdenum sulfide nanosheets on vertical graphene arrays (N-MoS2/VGs). We used a plasma engraving process to form the metallic 1T phase, N doping, and S vacancies in the electrocatalyst simultaneously. Our system exhibited a remarkable NH3 production rate of 7.3 mg h−1 cm−2 at −0.53 V vs RHE, which is almost 100 times higher than the state-of-the-art electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction and more than double that of other hybrid systems. Moreover, a low energy consumption of only 2.4 MJ molNH3−1 was achieved in this study. Density functional theory calculations revealed that S vacancies and doped N atoms play a dominant role in the selective reduction of NO2− to NH3. This study opens up new avenues for efficient NH3 production using cascade systems. |
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000981779300001 |
Publication Date |
2023-05-22 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2691-3704 |
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UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited  |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51976191, 5227060056, 52276214) and the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2018YFE0117300). N.G. was financially supported through an NWO Rubicon Grant (019.202EN.012). X.T. acknowl- edges the support of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/X002713/1). |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:196761 |
Serial |
8792 |
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Author |
Tampieri, F.; Espona-Noguera, A.; Labay, C.; Ginebra, M.-P.; Yusupov, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Canal, C. |
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Title |
Does non-thermal plasma modify biopolymers in solution? A chemical and mechanistic study for alginate |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Biomaterials Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
In the last decades, non-thermal plasma has been extensively investigated as a relevant tool for various biomedical applications, ranging from tissue decontamination to regeneration and from skin treatment to tumor therapies. This high versatility is due to the different kinds and amount of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that can be generated during a plasma treatment and put in contact with the biological target. Some recent studies report that solutions of biopolymers with the ability to generate hydrogels, when treated with plasma, can enhance the generation of reactive species and influence their stability, resulting thus in the ideal media for indirect treatments of biological targets. The direct effects of the plasma treatment on the structure of biopolymers in water solution, as well as the chemical mechanisms responsible for the enhanced generation of RONS, are not yet fully understood. In this study, we aim at filling this gap by investigating, on the one hand, the nature and extent of the modifications induced by plasma treatment in alginate solutions, and, on the other hand, at using this information to explain the mechanisms responsible for the enhanced generation of reactive species as a consequence of the treatment. The approach we use is twofold: (i) investigating the effects of plasma treatment on alginate solutions, by size exclusion chromatography, rheology and scanning electron microscopy and (ii) study of a molecular model (glucuronate) sharing its chemical structure, by chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and by molecular dynamics simulations. Our results point out the active role of the biopolymer chemistry during direct plasma treatment. Short-lived reactive species, such as OH radicals and O atoms, can modify the polymer structure, affecting its functional groups and causing partial fragmentation. Some of these chemical modifications, like the generation of organic peroxide, are likely responsible for the secondary generation of long-lived reactive species such as hydrogen peroxide and nitrite ions. This is relevant in view of using biocompatible hydrogels as vehicles for storage and delivery reactive species for targeted therapies. |
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Wos |
000973699000001 |
Publication Date |
2023-04-11 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2047-4830 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
6.6 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca, SGR2022-1368 ; H2020 European Research Council, 714793 ; European Cooperation in Science and Technology, CA19110 CA20114 ; Secretaría de Estado de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, PID2019-103892RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 ; We thank Gonzalo Rodríguez Cañada and Xavier Solé-Martí (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya) for help in collecting some of the experimental data and for the useful discussions. This work has been primarily funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 714793). The authors acknowledge MINECO for PID2019103892RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 project (CC). The authors belong to SGR2022-1368 (FT, AEN, CL, MPG, CC) and acknowledge Generalitat de Catalunya for the ICREA Academia Award for Excellence in Research of CC. We thank also COST Actions CA20114 (Therapeutical Applications of Cold Plasmas) and CA19110 (Plasma Applications for Smart and Sustainable Agriculture) for the stimulating environment provided. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.6; 2023 IF: 4.21 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:196773 |
Serial |
8794 |
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Author |
Wang, J.; Zhang, K.; Mertens, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Meynen, V. |
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Title |
Plasma-based dry reforming of methane in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor: Importance of uniform (sub)micron packings/catalysts to enhance the performance |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
337 |
Issue |
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Pages |
122977 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
This study presents new insights on the effect of (sub)micrometer particle sized materials in plasma-based CO2-
CH4 reforming by investigating the performance of SiO2 spheres (with/without supported metal) of varying
particle sizes. (Sub)micron particles synthesized through the St¨ober method were used instead of (sub)millimeter
particles employed in previous studies. Increasing particle size (from 120 nm to 2390 nm) was found to first
increase and then decrease conversion and energy yield, with optimal performance achieved using 740 nm 5 wt%
Ni loaded SiO2, which improved CO2 and CH4 conversion, and energy yield to 44%, 55%, and 0.271 mmol/kJ,
respectively, compared to 20%, 27%, and 0.116 mmol/kJ in an empty reactor at the same flow rate. This is the
first to achieve significant performance improvement in a fully packed reactor, highlighting the importance of
selecting a suitable particle size. The findings can offer guidance towards rational design of catalysts for plasmabased
reactions. |
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Wos |
001056527600001 |
Publication Date |
2023-06-09 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0926-3373 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
22.1 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
This work is supported by the China Scholarship Council (No. 201806060123); and the VLAIO Catalisti transition project CO2PERATE (HBC.2017.0692). K.Z acknowledges the EASiCHEM project funded by the Flemish Strategic Basic Research Program of the Catalisti cluster and Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship (HBC.2018.0484). |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 22.1; 2023 IF: 9.446 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:196955 |
Serial |
8797 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Wang, J.; Zhang, K.; Mertens, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Meynen, V. |
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Title |
Plasma-based dry reforming of methane in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor: Importance of uniform (sub)micron packings/catalysts to enhance the performance |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
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| |
Volume |
337 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
122977 |
|
| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
|
| |
Abstract |
This study presents new insights on the effect of (sub)micrometer particle sized materials in plasma-based CO2-
CH4 reforming by investigating the performance of SiO2 spheres (with/without supported metal) of varying
particle sizes. (Sub)micron particles synthesized through the St¨ober method were used instead of (sub)millimeter
particles employed in previous studies. Increasing particle size (from 120 nm to 2390 nm) was found to first
increase and then decrease conversion and energy yield, with optimal performance achieved using 740 nm 5 wt%
Ni loaded SiO2, which improved CO2 and CH4 conversion, and energy yield to 44%, 55%, and 0.271 mmol/kJ,
respectively, compared to 20%, 27%, and 0.116 mmol/kJ in an empty reactor at the same flow rate. This is the
first to achieve significant performance improvement in a fully packed reactor, highlighting the importance of
selecting a suitable particle size. The findings can offer guidance towards rational design of catalysts for plasmabased
reactions. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Wos |
001056527600001 |
Publication Date |
2023-06-09 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0926-3373 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
22.1 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
This work is supported by the China Scholarship Council (No. 201806060123); and the VLAIO Catalisti transition project CO2PERATE (HBC.2017.0692). K.Z acknowledges the EASiCHEM project funded by the Flemish Strategic Basic Research Program of the Catalisti cluster and Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship (HBC.2018.0484). |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 22.1; 2023 IF: 9.446 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:196955 |
Serial |
8798 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Vertongen, R.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
How important is reactor design for CO2 conversion in warm plasmas? |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of CO2 Utilization |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
72 |
Issue |
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Pages |
102510 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
In this work, we evaluated several new electrode configurations for CO2 conversion in a gliding arc plasmatron
(GAP) reactor. Although the reactor design influences the performance, the best results give only slightly higher
CO2 conversion than the basic GAP reactor design, which indicates that this reactor may have reached its performance
limits. Moreover, we compared our results to those of four completely different plasma reactors, also
operating at atmospheric pressure and with contact between the plasma and the electrodes. Surprisingly, the
performance of all these warm plasmas is very similar (CO2 conversion around 10 % for an energy efficiency
around 30 %). In view of these apparent performance limits regarding the reactor design, we believe further
improvements should focus on other aspects, such as the post-plasma-region where the implementation of
nozzles or a carbon bed are promising. We summarize the performance of our GAP reactor by comparing the
energy efficiency and CO2 conversion for all different plasma reactors reported in literature. We can conclude
that the GAP is not the best plasma reactor, but its operation at atmospheric pressure makes it appealing for
industrial application. We believe that future efforts should focus on process design, techno-economic assessments
and large-scale demonstrations: these will be crucial to assess the real industrial potential of this warm
plasma technology |
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Wos |
001024970900001 |
Publication Date |
2023-06-16 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2212-9820 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
7.7 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
We acknowledge financial support from the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) Flanders (Grant ID 110221N) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreements No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project and No. 101081162 — “PREPARE” ERC Proof of Concept project). We also thank I. Tsonev, P. Heirman, F. Girard-Sahun and G. Trenchev for the interesting discussions and practical help with the experiments, as well as J. Creel for his ideas on the inserted anode designs. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 7.7; 2023 IF: 4.292 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:197044 |
Serial |
8799 |
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Author |
Loenders, B.; Michiels, R.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Is a catalyst always beneficial in plasma catalysis? Insights from the many physical and chemical interactions |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Energy Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Energy Chemistry |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
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Pages |
501-533 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
Plasma-catalytic dry reforming of CH4 (DRM) is promising to convert the greenhouse gasses CH4 and CO2 into value-added chemicals, thus simultaneously providing an alternative to fossil resources as feedstock for the chemical industry. However, while many experiments have been dedicated to plasma-catalytic DRM, there is no consensus yet in literature on the optimal choice of catalyst for targeted products, because the underlying mechanisms are far from understood. Indeed, plasma catalysis is very complex, as it encompasses various chemical and physical interactions between plasma and catalyst, which depend on many parameters. This complexity hampers the comparison of experimental results from different studies, which, in our opinion, is an important bottleneck in the further development of this promising research field. Hence, in this perspective paper, we describe the important physical and chemical effects that should be accounted for when designing plasma-catalytic experiments in general, highlighting the need for standardized experimental setups, as well as careful documentation of packing properties and reaction conditions, to further advance this research field. On the other hand, many parameters also create many windows of opportunity for further optimizing plasma-catalytic systems. Finally, various experiments also reveal the lack of improvement in plasma catalysis compared to plasma-only, specifically for DRM, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Therefore, we present our newly developed coupled plasma-surface kinetics model for DRM, to provide more insight in the underlying reasons. Our model illustrates that transition metal catalysts can adversely affect plasmacatalytic DRM, if radicals dominate the plasma-catalyst interactions. Thus, we demonstrate that a good understanding of the plasma-catalyst interactions is crucial to avoiding conditions at which these interactions negatively affect the results, and we provide some recommendations for improvement. For instance, we believe that plasma-catalytic DRM may benefit more from higher reaction temperatures, at which vibrational excitation can enhance the surface reactions. |
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Corporate Author |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
2023-06-30 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2095-4956 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
13.1 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
This research was supported by the FWO-SBO project PlasMa- CatDESIGN (FWO grant ID S001619N), the FWO fellowship of R. Michiels (FWO grant ID 1114921N), and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project). The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the HPC core facility CalcUA of the Universiteit Antwerpen, and VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 13.1; 2023 IF: 2.594 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:198159 |
Serial |
8806 |
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Author |
Vanraes, P.; Parayil Venugopalan, S.; Besemer, M.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Assessing neutral transport mechanisms in aspect ratio dependent etching by means of experiments and multiscale plasma modeling |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Plasma Sources Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
064004 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
Since the onset of pattern transfer technologies for chip manufacturing, various strategies have been developed to circumvent or overcome aspect ratio dependent etching (ARDE). These methods have, however, their own limitations in terms of etch non-idealities, throughput or costs. Moreover, they have mainly been optimized for individual in-device features and die-scale patterns, while occasionally ending up with poor patterning of metrology marks, affecting the alignment and overlay in lithography. Obtaining a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of ARDE and how to mitigate them therefore remains a relevant challenge to date, for both marks and advanced nodes. In this work, we accordingly assessed the neutral transport mechanisms in ARDE by means of experiments and multiscale modeling for SiO<sub>2</sub>etching with CHF<sub>3</sub>/Ar and CF<sub>4</sub>/Ar plasmas. The experiments revealed a local maximum in the etch rate for an aspect ratio around unity, i.e. the simultaneous occurrence of regular and inverse reactive ion etching lag for a given etch condition. We were able to reproduce this ARDE trend in the simulations without taking into account charging effects and the polymer layer thickness, suggesting shadowing and diffuse reflection of neutrals as the primary underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, we explored four methods with the simulations to regulate ARDE, by varying the incident plasma species fluxes, the amount of polymer deposition, the ion energy and angular distribution and the initial hardmask sidewall angle, for which the latter was found to be promising in particular. Although our study focusses on feature dimensions characteristic to metrology marks and back-end-of-the-line integration, the obtained insights have a broader relevance, e.g. to the patterning of advanced nodes. Additionally, this work supports the insight that physisorption may be more important in plasma etching at room temperature than originally thought, in line with other recent studies, a topic on which we recommend further research. |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
001021250100001 |
Publication Date |
2023-06-01 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0963-0252 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.8 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
P Vanraes acknowledges funding by ASML for the project ‘Computational simulation of plasma etching of trench structures’. P Vanraes and A Bogaerts want to express their gratitude to Mark J Kushner (University of Michigan) for the sharing of the HPEM and MCFPM codes, and for the interesting exchange of views. P Vanraes wishes to thank Violeta Georgieva and Stefan Tinck for the fruitful discussions on the HPEM code, Yu-Ru Zhang for an example of the CCP reactor code and Karel Venken for his technical help with the server maintenance and use. S P Venugopalan and M Besemer wish to thank Luigi Scaccabarozzi, Sander Wuister, Coen Verschuren, Michael Kubis, Kuan-Ming Chen, Ruben Maas, Huaichen Zhang and Julien Mailfert (ASML) for the insightful discussions. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.8; 2023 IF: 3.302 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:197760 |
Serial |
8811 |
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Author |
Wanten, B.; Vertongen, R.; De Meyer, R.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Plasma-based CO2 conversion: How to correctly analyze the performance? |
Type |
A1 journal article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Journal of Energy Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Energy Chemistry |
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Volume |
86 |
Issue |
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Pages |
180-196 |
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Keywords |
A1 journal article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
001070885000001 |
Publication Date |
2023-07-22 |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2095-4956 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
13.1 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
We acknowledge financial support from the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) Flanders (Grant ID 110221N), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and the Methusalem funding of the University of Antwerp. We acknowledge the icons from the graphical abstract made by dDara, geotatah, Spashicons and Freepik on www.flaticon.com. We also thank Stein Maerivoet, Joachim Slaets, Elizabeth Mercer, Colín Ó’Modráin, Joran Van Turnhout, Pepijn Heirman, dr. Yury Gorbanev, dr. Fanny Girard-Sahun and dr. Sean Kelly for the interesting discussions and feedback. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 13.1; 2023 IF: 2.594 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:198709 |
Serial |
8816 |
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Author |
Morais, E.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Modelling the dynamics of hydrogen synthesis from methane in nanosecond‐pulsed plasmas |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Plasma processes and polymers |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Processes & Polymers |
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Volume |
21 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Abstract |
A chemical kinetics model was developed to characterise the gas‐phase dynamics of H<sub>2</sub>production in nanosecond‐pulsed CH<sub>4</sub>plasmas. Pulsed behaviour was observed in the calculated electric field, electron temperature and species densities at all pressures. The model agrees reasonably with experimental results, showing CH<sub>4</sub>conversion at 30% and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>and H<sub>2</sub>as major products. The underlying mechanisms in CH<sub>4</sub>dissociation and H<sub>2</sub>formation were analysed, highlighting the large contribution of vibrationally excited CH<sub>4</sub>and H<sub>2</sub>to coupling energy from the plasma into gas‐phase heating, and revealing that H<sub>2</sub>synthesis is not affected by applied pressure, with selectivity remaining unchanged at ~42% in the 1–5 bar range. |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Wos |
001091258700001 |
Publication Date |
2023-10-27 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
1612-8850 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
3.5 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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| |
Notes |
We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Flemish Government through the Moonshot cSBO project “Power‐to‐Olefins” (P2O; HBC.2020.2620) and funding from the Independent Research Fund Denmark (project nr. 0217‐00231B). |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.5; 2024 IF: 2.846 |
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| |
Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:201192 |
Serial |
8983 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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|
Author |
Ghasemitarei, M.; Ghorbi, T.; Yusupov, M.; Zhang, Y.; Zhao, T.; Shali, P.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Effects of Nitro-Oxidative Stress on Biomolecules: Part 1—Non-Reactive Molecular Dynamics Simulations |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Biomolecules |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biomolecules |
|
| |
Volume |
13 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
1371 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; plasma medicine; reactive oxygen and; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
Plasma medicine, or the biomedical application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), is an expanding field within plasma research. CAP has demonstrated remarkable versatility in diverse biological applications, including cancer treatment, wound healing, microorganism inactivation, and skin disease therapy. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of CAP remain incompletely understood. The therapeutic effects of CAP are largely attributed to the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which play a crucial role in the biological responses induced by CAP. Specifically, RONS produced during CAP treatment have the ability to chemically modify cell membranes and membrane proteins, causing nitro-oxidative stress, thereby leading to changes in membrane permeability and disruption of cellular processes. To gain atomic-level insights into these interactions, non-reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have emerged as a valuable tool. These simulations facilitate the examination of larger-scale system dynamics, including protein-protein and protein-membrane interactions. In this comprehensive review, we focus on the applications of non-reactive MD simulations in studying the effects of CAP on cellular components and interactions at the atomic level, providing a detailed overview of the potential of CAP in medicine. We also review the results of other MD studies that are not related to plasma medicine but explore the effects of nitro-oxidative stress on cellular components and are therefore important for a broader understanding of the underlying processes. |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
001071356400001 |
Publication Date |
2023-09-11 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2218-273X |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
This research received no external funding. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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| |
Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:200380 |
Serial |
8958 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Meng, S.; Wu, L.; Liu, M.; Cui, Z.; Chen, Q.; Li, S.; Yan, J.; Wang, L.; Wang, X.; Qian, J.; Guo, H.; Niu, J.; Bogaerts, A.; Yi, Y. |
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| |
Title |
Plasma‐driven<scp>CO2</scp>hydrogenation to<scp>CH3OH</scp>over<scp>Fe2O3</scp>/<scp>γ‐Al2O3</scp>catalyst |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
AIChE Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
AIChE Journal |
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| |
Volume |
69 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
e18154 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; chemisorbed oxygen, CO2 hydrogenation, iron-based catalyst, methanol production, plasma catalysis; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
|
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Abstract |
We report a plasma‐assisted CO<sub>2</sub>hydrogenation to CH<sub>3</sub>OH over Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/γ‐Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>catalysts, achieving 12% CO<sub>2</sub>conversion and 58% CH<sub>3</sub>OH selectivity at a temperature of nearly 80°C atm pressure. We investigated the effect of various supports and loadings of the Fe‐based catalysts, as well as optimized reaction conditions. We characterized catalysts by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (H<sub>2</sub>‐TPR), CO<sub>2</sub>and CO temperature programmed desorption (CO<sub>2</sub>/CO‐TPD), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Mössbauer, and Fourier transform infrared<bold>(</bold>FTIR). The XPS results show that the enhanced CO<sub>2</sub>conversion and CH<sub>3</sub>OH selectivity are attributed to the chemisorbed oxygen species on Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/γ‐Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Furthermore, the diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTs) and TPD results illustrate that the catalysts with stronger CO<sub>2</sub>adsorption capacity exhibit a higher reaction performance.<italic>In situ</italic>DRIFTS gain insight into the specific reaction pathways in the CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>plasma. This study reveals the role of chemisorbed oxygen species as a key intermediate, and inspires to design highly efficient catalysts and expand the catalytic systems for CO<sub>2</sub>hydrogenation to CH<sub>3</sub>OH. |
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Corporate Author |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
001022420000001 |
Publication Date |
2023-07-07 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
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| |
ISSN |
0001-1541 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
3.7 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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| |
Notes |
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, DUT18JC42 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China, 21908016 21978032 ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.7; 2023 IF: 2.836 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:197829 |
Serial |
8959 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Li, S.; Sun, J.; Gorbanev, Y.; van’t Veer, K.; Loenders, B.; Yi, Y.; Kenis, T.; Chen, Q.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Plasma-Assisted Dry Reforming of CH4: How Small Amounts of O2Addition Can Drastically Enhance the Oxygenate Production─Experiments and Insights from Plasma Chemical Kinetics Modeling |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering |
Abbreviated Journal |
ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
42 |
Pages |
15373-15384 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
Plasma-based dry reforming of methane (DRM) into
high-value-added oxygenates is an appealing approach to enable
otherwise thermodynamically unfavorable chemical reactions at
ambient pressure and near room temperature. However, it suffers
from coke deposition due to the deep decomposition of CH4. In this
work, we assess the DRM performance upon O2 addition, as well as
varying temperature, CO2/CH4 ratio, discharge power, and gas
residence time, for optimizing oxygenate production. By adding O2,
the main products can be shifted from syngas (CO + H2) toward
oxygenates. Chemical kinetics modeling shows that the improved
oxygenate production is due to the increased concentration of
oxygen-containing radicals, e.g., O, OH, and HO2, formed by electron
impact dissociation [e + O2 → e + O + O/O(1D)] and subsequent
reactions with H atoms. Our study reveals the crucial role of oxygen-coupling in DRM aimed at oxygenates, providing practical
solutions to suppress carbon deposition and at the same time enhance the oxygenates production in plasma-assisted DRM. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
001082603900001 |
Publication Date |
2023-10-23 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2168-0485 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
8.4 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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| |
Notes |
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, S001619N ; China Scholarship Council, 202006060029 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China, 21975018 ; H2020 European Research Council, 810182 ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 8.4; 2023 IF: 5.951 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:201013 |
Serial |
8966 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Meng, S.; Li, S.; Sun, S.; Bogaerts, A.; Liu, Y.; Yi, Y. |
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Title |
NH3 decomposition for H2 production by thermal and plasma catalysis using bimetallic catalysts |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Chemical engineering science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chemical Engineering Science |
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Volume |
283 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
119449 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Abstract |
Plasma catalysis has emerged as a promising approach for driving thermodynamically unfavorable chemical
reactions. Nevertheless, comprehending the mechanisms involved remains a challenge, leading to uncertainty
about whether the optimal catalyst in plasma catalysis aligns with that in thermal catalysis. In this research, we
explore this question by studying monometallic catalysts (Fe, Co, Ni and Mo) and bimetallic catalysts (Fe-Co, Mo-
Co, Fe-Ni and Mo-Ni) in both thermal catalytic and plasma catalytic NH3 decomposition. Our findings reveal that
the Fe-Co bimetallic catalyst exhibits the highest activity in thermal catalysis, the Fe-Ni bimetallic catalyst
outperforms others in plasma catalysis, indicating a discrepancy between the optimal catalysts for the two
catalytic modes in NH3 decomposition. Comprehensive catalyst characterization, kinetic analysis, temperature
program surface reaction experiments and plasma diagnosis are employed to discuss the key factors influencing
NH3 decomposition performance. |
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Corporate Author |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
001105312500001 |
Publication Date |
2023-10-28 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
0009-2509 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.7 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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| |
Notes |
Universiteit Antwerpen, 32249 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China, 21503032 ; PetroChina Innovation Foundation, 2018D-5007-0501 ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.7; 2024 IF: 2.895 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:201009 |
Serial |
8967 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Special Issue on “Dielectric Barrier Discharges and their Applications” in Commemoration of the 20th Anniversary of Dr. Ulrich Kogelschatz’s Work |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Chem Plasma Process |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1281-1285 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
n/a |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
001110371000001 |
Publication Date |
2023-11-30 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0272-4324 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
3.6 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
n/a |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.6; 2023 IF: 2.355 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:201387 |
Serial |
8969 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Lin, A.; Gromov, M.; Nikiforov, A.; Smits, E.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Characterization of Non-Thermal Dielectric Barrier Discharges for Plasma Medicine: From Plastic Well Plates to Skin Surfaces |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Chem Plasma Process |
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Volume |
43 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1587-1612 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Non-thermal plasma · Plasma medicine · Dielectric barrier discharge · Plasma diagnostics · Plasma surface interaction · In situ plasma monitoring; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
technologies have been expanding, and one of the most exciting and rapidly growing
applications is in biology and medicine. Most biomedical studies with DBD plasma systems are performed in vitro, which include cells grown on the surface of plastic well plates, or in vivo, which include animal research models (e.g. mice, pigs). Since many DBD systems use the biological target as the secondary electrode for direct plasma generation and treatment, they are sensitive to the surface properties of the target, and thus can be altered based on the in vitro or in vivo system used. This could consequently affect biological response from plasma treatment. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the DBD plasma behavior both in vitro (i.e. 96-well flat bottom plates, 96-well U-bottom plates, and 24-well flat bottom plates), and in vivo (i.e. mouse skin). Intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) imaging was performed and the plasma discharges were visually distinguishable between the different systems. The geometry of the wells did not affect DBD plasma generation for low application distances (≤ 2 mm), but differentially affected plasma uniformity on the bottom of the well at greater distances. Since DBD plasma treatment in vitro is rarely performed in dry wells for plasma medicine experiments, the effect of well wetness was also investigated. In all in vitro cases, the uniformity of the DBD plasma was affected when comparing wet versus dry wells, with the plasma in the wide-bottom wells appearing the most similar to plasma generated on mouse skin. Interestingly, based on quantification of ICCD images, the DBD plasma intensity per surface area demonstrated an exponential one-phase decay with increasing application distance, regardless of the in vitro or in vivo system. This trend is similar to that of the energy per pulse of plasma, which is used to determine the total plasma treatment energy for biological systems. Optical emission spectroscopy performed on the plasma revealed similar trends in radical species generation between the plastic well plates and mouse skin. Therefore, taken together, DBD plasma intensity per surface area may be a valuable parameter to be used as a simple method for in situ monitoring during biological treatment and active plasma treatment control, which can be applied for in vitro and in vivo systems. |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
001072607700001 |
Publication Date |
2023-09-27 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0272-4324 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.6 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
This work was partially funded by the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO) and supported by the following Grants: 12S9221N (A. L.), G044420N (A. L. and A. B.), and G033020N (A.B.). We would also like to thank several patrons, as part of this research was funded by donations from different donors, including Dedert Schilde vzw, Mr Willy Floren, and the Vereycken family. We would also like to acknowledge the support from the European Cooperation in Science & Technology (COST) Action on “Therapeutical applications of Cold Plasmas” (CA20114; PlasTHER). |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.6; 2023 IF: 2.355 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:200285 |
Serial |
8970 |
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Author |
Slaets, J.; Loenders, B.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Plasma-based dry reforming of CH4: Plasma effects vs. thermal conversion |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Fuel |
Abbreviated Journal |
Fuel |
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Volume |
360 |
Issue |
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Pages |
130650 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Abstract |
In this work we evaluate the chemical kinetics of dry reforming of methane in warm plasmas (1000–4000 K) using modelling with a newly developed chemistry set, for a broad range of parameters (temperature, power density and CO2/CH4 ratio). We compare the model against thermodynamic equilibrium concentrations, serving as validation of the thermal chemical kinetics. Our model reveals that plasma-specific reactions (i.e., electron impact collisions) accelerate the kinetics compared to thermal conversion, rather than altering the overall kinetics pathways and intermediate products, for gas temperatures below 2000 K. For higher temperatures, the kinetics are dominated by heavy species collisions and are strictly thermal, with negligible influence of the electrons and ions on the overall kinetics. When studying the effects of different gas mixtures on the kinetics, we identify important intermediate species, side reactions and side products. The use of excess CO2 leads to H2O formation, at the expense of H2 formation, and the CO2 conversion itself is limited, only approaching full conversion near 4000 K. In contrast, full conversion of both reactants is only kinetically limited for mixtures with excess CH4, which also gives rise to the formation of C2H2, alongside syngas. Within the given parameter space, our model predicts the 30/70 ratio of CO2/CH4 to be the most optimal for syngas formation with a H2/CO ratio of 2. |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
001138077700001 |
Publication Date |
2023-12-15 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
|
Edition |
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ISSN |
0016-2361 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
7.4 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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| |
Notes |
This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), the Catalisti-ICON project BluePlasma (Project No. HBC.2022.0445), the FWO-SBO project PlasMaCatDESIGN (FWO Grant ID S001619N), the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Project No. 0217-00231B) and through long-term structural funding (Methusalem). The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the HPC core facility CalcUA of the Universiteit Antwerpen, and VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government. We also thank Bart Wanten, Roel Michiels, Pepijn Heirman, Claudia Verheyen, dr. Senne Van Alphen, dr. Elise Vervloessem, dr. Kevin van ’t Veer, dr. Joshua Boothroyd, dr. Omar Biondo and dr. Eduardo Morais for their expertise and feedback regarding the kinetics scheme. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 7.4; 2024 IF: 4.601 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:201669 |
Serial |
8973 |
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Author |
Grünewald, L.; Chezganov, D.; De Meyer, R.; Orekhov, A.; Van Aert, S.; Bogaerts, A.; Bals, S.; Verbeeck, J. |
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Title |
In Situ Plasma Studies Using a Direct Current Microplasma in a Scanning Electron Microscope |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Advanced Materials Technologies |
Abbreviated Journal |
Adv Materials Technologies |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) ; |
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Abstract |
Microplasmas can be used for a wide range of technological applications and to improve the understanding of fundamental physics. Scanning electron microscopy, on the other hand, provides insights into the sample morphology and chemistry of materials from the mm‐ down to the nm‐scale. Combining both would provide direct insight into plasma‐sample interactions in real‐time and at high spatial resolution. Up till now, very few attempts in this direction have been made, and significant challenges remain. This work presents a stable direct current glow discharge microplasma setup built inside a scanning electron microscope. The experimental setup is capable of real‐time in situ imaging of the sample evolution during plasma operation and it demonstrates localized sputtering and sample oxidation. Further, the experimental parameters such as varying gas mixtures, electrode polarity, and field strength are explored and experimental<italic>V</italic>–<italic>I</italic>curves under various conditions are provided. These results demonstrate the capabilities of this setup in potential investigations of plasma physics, plasma‐surface interactions, and materials science and its practical applications. The presented setup shows the potential to have several technological applications, for example, to locally modify the sample surface (e.g., local oxidation and ion implantation for nanotechnology applications) on the µm‐scale. |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
001168639900001 |
Publication Date |
2024-02-25 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
2365-709X |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
6.8 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
L.G., S.B., and J.V. acknowledge support from the iBOF-21-085 PERsist research fund. D.C., S.V.A., and J.V. acknowledge funding from a TOPBOF project of the University of Antwerp (FFB 170366). R.D.M., A.B., and J.V. acknowledge funding from the Methusalem project of the University of Antwerp (FFB 15001A, FFB 15001C). A.O. and J.V. acknowledge funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) project SBO S000121N. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.8; 2024 IF: NA |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:204363 |
Serial |
8995 |
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Author |
Gerrits, N.; Jackson, B.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Accurate Reaction Probabilities for Translational Energies on Both Sides of the Barrier of Dissociative Chemisorption on Metal Surfaces |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Phys. Chem. Lett. |
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Volume |
15 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2566-2572 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
Molecular dynamics simulations are essential for a better understanding of dissociative chemisorption on metal surfaces, which is often the rate-controlling step in heterogeneous and plasma catalysis. The workhorse quasi-classical trajectory approach ubiquitous in molecular dynamics is able to accurately predict reactivity only for high translational and low vibrational energies. In contrast, catalytically relevant conditions generally involve low translational and elevated vibrational energies. Existing quantum dynamics approaches are intractable or approximate as a result of the large number of degrees of freedom present in molecule−metal surface reactions. Here, we extend a ring polymer molecular dynamics approach to fully include, for the first time, the degrees of freedom of a moving metal surface. With this approach, experimental sticking probabilities for the dissociative chemisorption of methane on Pt(111) are reproduced for a large range of translational and vibrational energies by including nuclear quantum effects and employing full-dimensional simulations. |
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Wos |
001177959900001 |
Publication Date |
2024-03-07 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1948-7185 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
5.7 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
Nick Gerrits has been financially supported through a Dutch Research Council (NWO) Rubicon grant (019.202EN.012). The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the high performance computing (HPC) core facility CalcUA of the Universiteit Antwerpen and the Flemish Supercomputer Center (VSC) funded by the Research Foundation−Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government. The authors thank Mark Somers for useful discussions. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 5.7; 2024 IF: 9.353 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:204818 |
Serial |
9114 |
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Author |
De Meyer, R.; Gorbanev, Y.; Ciocarlan, R.-G.; Cool, P.; Bals, S.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Importance of plasma discharge characteristics in plasma catalysis: Dry reforming of methane vs. ammonia synthesis |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Chemical Engineering Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chemical Engineering Journal |
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Volume |
488 |
Issue |
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Pages |
150838 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Gas conversion Dry reforming of methane Ammonia Microdischarges Dielectric barrier discharge; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
Plasma catalysis is a rapidly growing field, often employing a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor. Such dielectric barrier discharges are complex, especially when a packing material (e.g., a catalyst) is introduced in the discharge volume. Catalysts are known to affect the plasma discharge, though the underlying mechanisms influencing the plasma physics are not fully understood. Moreover, the effect of the catalysts on the plasma discharge and its subsequent effect on the overall performance is often overlooked. In this work, we deliberately design and synthesize catalysts to affect the plasma discharge in different ways. These Ni or Co alumina-based catalysts are used in plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane and ammonia synthesis. Our work shows that introducing a metal to the dielectric packing can affect the plasma discharge, and that the distribution of the metal is crucial in this regard. Further, the altered discharge can greatly influence the overall performance. In an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge reactor, this apparently more uniform plasma yields a significantly better performance for ammonia synthesis compared to the more conventional filamentary discharge, while it underperforms in dry reforming of methane. This study stresses the importance of analyzing the plasma discharge in plasma catalysis experiments. We hope this work encourages a more critical view on the plasma discharge characteristics when studying various catalysts in a plasma reactor. |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
2024-03-30 |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1385-8947 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
15.1 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
This research was supported through long-term structural funding (Methusalem FFB15001C) and by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme with grant agreement No 810182 (SCOPE ERC Synergy project) and with grant agreement No 815128 (REALNANO). We acknowledge the practical contribution of Senne Van Doorslaer. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 15.1; 2024 IF: 6.216 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:205154 |
Serial |
9115 |
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Author |
Gorbanev, Y.; Fedirchyk, I.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Plasma catalysis in ammonia production and decomposition: Use it, or lose it? |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
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Pages |
100916 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Plasma Nitrogen fixation Ammonia Plasma catalysis Production and decomposition; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
The combination of plasma with catalysis for the synthesis and decomposition of NH3 is an attractive route to the production of carbon-neutral fertiliser and energy carriers and its conversion into H2. Recent years have seen fast developments in the field of plasma-catalytic NH3 life cycle. This work summarises the most recent advances in plasma-catalytic and related NH3-focussed processes, identifies some of the most important discoveries, and addresses plausible strategies for future developments in plasma-based NH3 technology. |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
2024-03-29 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2452-2236 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
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Impact Factor |
9.3 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
The work was supported by the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) Flanders Bioeconomy project (grant G0G2322N) funded by the European Union-NextGe- nerationEU, the HyPACT project funded by the Belgian Energy Transition Fund, and the MSCA4Ukraine project 1233629 funded by the European Union. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.3; 2024 IF: NA |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @ |
Serial |
9117 |
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Author |
Cai, Y.; Mei, D.; Chen, Y.; Bogaerts, A.; Tu, X. |
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Title |
Machine learning-driven optimization of plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Journal of Energy Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Energy Chemistry |
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Volume |
96 |
Issue |
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Pages |
153-163 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Plasma catalysis Machine learning Process optimization Dry reforming of methane Syngas production; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
This study investigates the dry reformation of methane (DRM) over Ni/Al2O3 catalysts in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) non-thermal plasma reactor. A novel hybrid machine learning (ML) model is developed to optimize the plasma-catalytic DRM reaction with limited experimental data. To address the non-linear and complex nature of the plasma-catalytic DRM process, the hybrid ML model integrates three well-established algorithms: regression trees, support vector regression, and artificial neural networks. A genetic algorithm (GA) is then used to optimize the hyperparameters of each algorithm within the hybrid ML model. The ML model achieved excellent agreement with the experimental data, demonstrating its efficacy in accurately predicting and optimizing the DRM process. The model was subsequently used to investigate the impact of various operating parameters on the plasma-catalytic DRM performance. We found that the optimal discharge power (20 W), CO2/CH4 molar ratio (1.5), and Ni loading (7.8 wt%) resulted in the maximum energy yield at a total flow rate of 51 mL/min. Furthermore, we investigated the relative significance of each operating parameter on the performance of the plasmacatalytic DRM process. The results show that the total flow rate had the greatest influence on the conversion, with a significance exceeding 35% for each output, while the Ni loading had the least impact on the overall reaction performance. This hybrid model demonstrates a remarkable ability to extract valuable insights from limited datasets, enabling the development and optimization of more efficient and selective plasma-catalytic chemical processes. |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
2024-04-25 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2095-4956 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
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Impact Factor |
13.1 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
This project received funding from the European Union’s Hori- zon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 813393. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 13.1; 2024 IF: 2.594 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @ |
Serial |
9124 |
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Author |
Albrechts, M.; Tsonev, I.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Investigation of O atom kinetics in O2plasma and its afterglow |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Plasma Sources Science and Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
045017 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; oxygen plasma, pseudo-1D plug-flow kinetic model, O atoms, low-pressure validation, atmospheric pressure microwave torch; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
We have developed a comprehensive kinetic model to study the O atom kinetics in an O<sub>2</sub>plasma and its afterglow. By adopting a pseudo-1D plug-flow formalism within the kinetic model, our aim is to assess how far the O atoms travel in the plasma afterglow, evaluating its potential as a source of O atoms for post-plasma gas conversion applications. Since we could not find experimental data for pure O<sub>2</sub>plasma at atmospheric pressure, we first validated our model at low pressure (1–10 Torr) where very good experimental data are available. Good agreement between our model and experiments was achieved for the reduced electric field, gas temperature and the densities of the dominant neutral species, i.e. O<sub>2</sub>(a), O<sub>2</sub>(b) and O. Subsequently, we confirmed that the chemistry set is consistent with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations at atmospheric pressure. Finally, we investigated the O atom densities in the O<sub>2</sub>plasma and its afterglow, for which we considered a microwave O<sub>2</sub>plasma torch, operating at a pressure between 0.1 and 1 atm, for a flow rate of 20 slm and an specific energy input of 1656 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>. Our results show that for both pressure conditions, a high dissociation degree of ca. 92% is reached within the discharge. However, the O atoms travel much further in the plasma afterglow for<italic>p</italic>= 0.1 atm (9.7 cm) than for<italic>p</italic>= 1 atm (1.4 cm), attributed to the longer lifetime (3.8 ms at 0.1 atm vs 1.8 ms at 1 atm) resulting from slower three-body recombination kinetics, as well as a higher volumetric flow rate. |
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Wos |
001209453500001 |
Publication Date |
2024-04-01 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0963-0252 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
3.8 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
This research was supported by the Horizon Europe Framework Program ‘Research and Innovation Actions’ (RIA), Project CANMILK (Grant No. 101069491). |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.8; 2024 IF: 3.302 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:205920 |
Serial |
9125 |
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Author |
Xu, W.; Van Alphen, S.; Galvita, V.V.; Meynen, V.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Effect of Gas Composition on Temperature and CO2Conversion in a Gliding Arc Plasmatron reactor: Insights for Post‐Plasma Catalysis from Experiments and Computation |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
ChemSusChem |
Abbreviated Journal |
ChemSusChem |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; CO2 conversion · Plasma · Gliding arc plasmatron · Temperature profiles · Computational modelling; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
Plasma‐based CO<sub>2</sub>conversion has attracted increasing interest. However, to understand the impact of plasma operation on post‐plasma processes, we studied the effect of adding N<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>and N<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O to a CO<sub>2</sub>gliding arc plasmatron (GAP) to obtain valuable insights into their impact on exhaust stream composition and temperature, which will serve as feed gas and heat for post‐plasma catalysis (PPC). Adding N<sub>2</sub>improves the CO<sub>2</sub>conversion from 4 % to 13 %, and CH<sub>4</sub>addition further promotes it to 44 %, and even to 61 % at lower gas flow rate (6 L/min), allowing a higher yield of CO and hydrogen for PPC. The addition of H<sub>2</sub>O, however, reduces the CO<sub>2</sub>conversion from 55 % to 22 %, but it also lowers the energy cost, from 5.8 to 3 kJ/L. Regarding the temperature at 4.9 cm post‐plasma, N<sub>2</sub>addition increases the temperature, while the CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>ratio has no significant effect on temperature. We also calculated the temperature distribution with computational fluid dynamics simulations. The obtained temperature profiles (both experimental and calculated) show a decreasing trend with distance to the exhaust and provide insights in where to position a PPC bed. |
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001200297300001 |
Publication Date |
2024-04-11 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1864-5631 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
8.4 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
We acknowledge the VLAIO Catalisti Moonshot project D2M and the VLAIO Catalisti transition project CO2PERATE (HBC.2017.0692) for financial support. We acknowledge Gilles Van Loon for his help to make the quartz and steel devices for the reactor. Vladimir V. Galvita also acknowledges a personal grant from the Research Fund of Ghent University (BOF; 01N16319). |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 8.4; 2024 IF: 7.226 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:205101 |
Serial |
9128 |
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Author |
Xu, W.; Buelens, L.C.; Galvita, V.V.; Bogaerts, A.; Meynen, V. |
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Title |
Improving the performance of gliding arc plasma-catalytic dry reforming via a new post-plasma tubular catalyst bed |
Type |
A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Journal of CO2 Utilization |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of CO2 Utilization |
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Volume |
83 |
Issue |
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Pages |
102820 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Dry reforming Gliding arc plasma Plasma catalytic DRM Ni-based mixed oxide Post-plasma catalysis; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
A combination of a gliding arc plasmatron (GAP) reactor and a newly designed tubular catalyst bed (N-bed) was applied to investigate the post-plasma catalytic (PPC) effect for dry reforming of methane (DRM). As comparison, a traditional plasma catalyst bed (T-bed) was also utilized. The post-plasma catalytic effect of a Ni-based mixed oxide (Ni/MO) catalyst with a thermal catalytic performance of 77% CO2 and 86% CH4 conversion at 700 ℃ was studied. Although applying the T-bed had little effect on plasma based CO2 and CH4 conversion, an increase in selectivity to H2 was obtained with a maximum value of 89% at a distance of 2 cm. However, even when only α-Al2O3 packing material was used in the N-bed configuration, compared to the plasma alone and the T-bed, an increase of the CO2 and CH4 conversion from 53% and 53% to 69% and 69% to 83% was achieved. Addition of the Ni/MO catalyst further enhanced the DRM reaction, resulting in conversions of 79% for CO2 and 91% for
CH4. Hence, although no insulation nor external heating was applied to the N-bed post plasma, it provides a slightly better conversion than the thermal catalytic performance with the same catalyst, while being fully electrically driven. In addition, an enhanced CO selectivity to 96% was obtained and the energy cost was reduced from ~ 6 kJ/L (plasma alone) to 4.3 kJ/L. To our knowledge, it is the first time that a post-plasma catalytic system achieves this excellent catalytic performance for DRM without extra external heating or insulation. |
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Publication Date |
2024-05-25 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2212-9820 |
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Additional Links |
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Impact Factor |
7.7 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
Wencong Xu, Vladimir V. Galvita, Annemie Bogaerts, and Vera Meynen would like to acknowledge the VLAIO Catalisti Moonshot project D2M and the VLAIO Catalisti transition project CO2PERATE (HBC.2017.0692). Lukas C. Buelens acknowledges financial support from the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO Flanders) through a postdoctoral fellowship grant 12E5623N. Vladimir V. Galvita also acknowledges a personal grant from the Research Fund of Ghent University (BOF; 01N16319). |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 7.7; 2024 IF: 4.292 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @ |
Serial |
9131 |
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Author |
Maerivoet, S.; Tsonev, I.; Slaets, J.; Reniers, F.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Coupled multi-dimensional modelling of warm plasmas: Application and validation for an atmospheric pressure glow discharge in CO2/CH4/O2 |
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A1 Journal Article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
Chemical Engineering Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chemical Engineering Journal |
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Volume |
492 |
Issue |
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Pages |
152006 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; |
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Abstract |
To support experimental research into gas conversion by warm plasmas, models should be developed to explain the experimental observations. These models need to describe all physical and chemical plasma properties in a coupled way. In this paper, we present a modelling approach to solve the complete set of assumed relevant equations, including gas flow, heat balance and species transport, coupled with a rather extensive chemistry set, consisting of 21 species, obtained by reduction of a more detailed chemistry set, consisting of 41 species. We apply this model to study the combined CO2 and CH4 conversion in the presence of O2, in a direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge. Our model can predict the experimental trends, and can explain why higher O2 fractions result in higher CH4 conversion, namely due to the higher gas temperature, rather than just by additional chemical reactions. Indeed, our model predicts that when more O2 is added, the energy required to reach any set temperature (i.e., the enthalpy) drops, allowing the system to reach higher temperatures with similar amounts of energy. This is in turn related to the higher H2O fraction and lower H2 fraction formed in the plasma, as demonstrated by our model. Altogether, our new self-consistent model can capture the main physics and chemistry occurring in this warm plasma, which is an important step towards predictive modelling for plasma-based gas conversion. |
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Publication Date |
2024-05-09 |
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ISSN |
1385-8947 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
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Impact Factor |
15.1 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID G0I1822N; EOS ID 40007511) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 810182–SCOPE ERC Synergy project, and grant agreement No. 101081162–PREPARE ERC Proof of Concept project). computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the HPC core facility CalcUA of the Universiteit Antwerpen, and VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 15.1; 2024 IF: 6.216 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @ |
Serial |
9132 |
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Zhao, S.-X.; Gao, F.; Wang, Y.-P.; Wang, Y.-N.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Effects of feedstock availability on the negative ion behavior in a C4F8 inductively coupled plasma |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Journal of applied physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Phys |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
118 |
Pages |
033301 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Abstract |
In this paper, the negative ion behavior in a C4F8 inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is investigated using a hybrid model. The model predicts a non-monotonic variation of the total negative ion density with power at low pressure (1030 mTorr), and this trend agrees well with experiments that were carried out in many fluorocarbon (fc) ICP sources, like C2F6, CHF3, and C4F8. This behavior is explained by the availability of feedstock C4F8 gas as a source of the negative ions, as well as by the presence of low energy electrons due to vibrational excitation at low power. The maximum of the negative ion density shifts to low power values upon decreasing pressure, because of the more pronounced depletion of C4F8 molecules, and at high pressure (∼50 mTorr), the anion density continuously increases with power, which is similar to fc CCP sources. Furthermore, the negative ion composition is identified in this paper. Our work demonstrates that for a clear understanding of the negative ion behavior in radio frequency C4F8 plasma sources, one needs to take into account many factors, like the attachment characteristics, the anion composition, the spatial profiles, and the reactor configuration. Finally, a detailed comparison of our simulation results with experiments is conducted. |
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American Institute of Physics |
Place of Publication |
New York, N.Y. |
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000358429200004 |
Publication Date |
2015-07-20 |
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| |
Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
0021-8979;1089-7550; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
2.068 |
Times cited |
1 |
Open Access |
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| |
Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.068; 2015 IF: 2.183 |
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| |
Call Number |
c:irua:126735 |
Serial |
861 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
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Author |
Tinck, S.; Altamirano-Sánchez, E.; De Schepper, P.; Bogaerts, A. |
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| |
Title |
Formation of a nanoscale SiO2 capping layer on photoresist lines with an Ar/SiCl4/O2 inductively coupled plasma : a modeling investigation |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Plasma processes and polymers |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Process Polym |
|
| |
Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
52-62 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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| |
Abstract |
PECVD of a nanoscale SiO2 capping layer using low pressure SiCl4/O-2/Ar plasmas is numerically investigated. The purpose of this capping layer is to restore photoresist profiles with improved line edge roughness. A 2D plasma and Monte Carlo feature profile model are applied for this purpose. The deposited films are calculated for various operating conditions to obtain a layer with desired shape. An increase in pressure results in more isotropic deposition with a higher deposition rate, while a higher power creates a more anisotropic process. Dilution of the gas mixture with Ar does not result in an identical capping layer shape with a thickness linearly correlated to the dilution. Finally, a substrate bias seems to allow proper control of the vertical deposition rate versus sidewall deposition as desired. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Weinheim |
Editor |
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Language |
|
Wos |
000330588800006 |
Publication Date |
2013-11-18 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
1612-8850; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
2.846 |
Times cited |
1 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.846; 2014 IF: 2.453 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115735 |
Serial |
1256 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
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Author |
Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. |
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| |
Title |
Modeling network for argon glow discharges: the output cannot be better than the input |
Type |
H1 Book chapter |
| |
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
49-66 |
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| |
Keywords |
H1 Book chapter; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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| |
Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
American Institute of Physics |
Place of Publication |
Melville, N.Y. |
Editor |
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| |
Language |
|
Wos |
000166473900005 |
Publication Date |
0000-00-00 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
1 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:34085 |
Serial |
2112 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
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Author |
Bogaerts, A.; de Bleecker, K.; Georgieva, V.; Herrebout, D.; Kolev, I.; Madani, M.; Neyts, E. |
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Title |
Numerical modeling for a better understanding of gas discharge plasmas |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
High temperature material processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
High Temp Mater P-Us |
|
| |
Volume |
9 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
321-344 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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| |
Abstract |
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| |
Address |
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| |
Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000231634100001 |
Publication Date |
2005-10-07 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
1093-3611; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
1 |
Open Access |
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| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:55832 |
Serial |
2398 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Chen, Z.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Response to “Comment on 'Laser ablation of Cu and plume expansion into 1 atm ambient gas'” [J. Appl. Phys. 115, 166101 (2014)] |
Type |
Editorial |
| |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Journal of applied physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Appl Phys |
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| |
Volume |
115 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
166102 |
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| |
Keywords |
Editorial; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Abstract |
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| |
Address |
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| |
Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| |
Publisher |
American Institute of Physics |
Place of Publication |
New York, N.Y. |
Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000335228400092 |
Publication Date |
2014-05-01 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
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| |
ISSN |
0021-8979;1089-7550; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
2.068 |
Times cited |
1 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.068; 2014 IF: 2.183 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117171 |
Serial |
2898 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
