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	Author	Girard-Sahun, F.; Lefrancois, P.; Badets, V.; Arbault, S.; Clement, F.
	Title	Direct sensing of superoxide and its relatives reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in phosphate buffers during cold atmospheric plasmas exposures			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Analytical Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	94	Issue	14	Pages	5555-5565
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	This study aims at sensing in situ reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and specifically superoxide anion (O-2(center dot-)) in aqueous buffer solutions exposed to cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs). CAPs were generated by ionizing He gas shielded with variable N-2/O-2 mixtures. Thanks to ultramicroelectrodes protected against the high electric fields transported by the ionization waves of CAPs, the production of superoxide and several RONS was electrochemically directly detected in liquids during their plasma exposure. Complementarily, optical emissive spectroscopy (OES) was used to study the plasma phase composition and its correlation with the chemistry in the exposed liquid. The specific production of O-2(center dot-), a biologically reactive redox species, was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), in both alkaline (pH 11), where the species is fairly stable, and physiological (pH 7.4) conditions, where it is unstable. To understand its generation with respect to the plasma chemistry, we varied the shielding gas composition of CAPs to directly impact on the RONS composition at the plasma-liquid interface. We observed that the production and accumulation of RONS in liquids, including O(2)(center dot-)depends on the plasma composition, with N-2-based shieldings providing the highest superoxide concentrations (few 10s of micromolar at most) and of its derivatives (hundreds of micromolar). In situ spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses provide a high resolution kinetic and quantitative understanding of the interactions between CAPs and physiological solutions for biomedical applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000805334400013	Publication Date	2022-03-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	7.4	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 7.4
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:189093			Serial	7143
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Pattyn, C.; Maira, N.; Buddhadasa, M.; Vervloessem, E.; Iseni, S.; Roy, N.C.; Remy, A.; Delplancke, M.-P.; De Geyter, N.; Reniers, F.
	Title	Disproportionation of nitrogen induced by DC plasma-driven electrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Green Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Green Chem
	Volume	24	Issue	18	Pages	7100-7112
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Nitrogen disproportionation i.e. its simultaneous conversion to compounds of higher (NOx) and lower (NH3) oxidation states in a N-2 DC plasma-driven electrolysis process with a plasma cathode is investigated. This type of plasma-liquid interaction exhibits a growing interest for many applications, in particular nitrogen fixation where it represents a green alternative to the Haber-Bosch process. Optical emission spectroscopy, FTIR and electrochemical sensing systems are used to characterize the gas phase physico-chemistry while the liquid phase is analyzed via ionic chromatography and colorimetric assays. Experiments suggest that lowering the discharge current enhances nitrogen reduction and facilitates the transfer of nitrogen compounds to the liquid phase. Large amounts of water vapor appear to impact the gas discharge physico-chemistry and to favor the vibrational excitation of N-2, a key parameter for an energy-efficient nitrogen fixation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000847733600001	Publication Date	2022-08-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1463-9262; 1463-9270	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.8	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 9.8
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:190655			Serial	7145
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Nematollahi, P.; Neyts, E.C.
	Title	Distribution pattern of metal atoms in bimetal-doped pyridinic-N₄ pores determines their potential for electrocatalytic N₂ reduction			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Journal Of Physical Chemistry A	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys Chem A
	Volume	126	Issue	20	Pages	3080-3089
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Doping two single transition-metal (TM) atoms on a substrate host opens numerous possibilities for catalyst design. However, what if the substrate contains more than one vacancy site? Then, the combination of two TMs along with their distribution patterns becomes a design parameter potentially complementary to the substrate itself and the bimetal composition. In this study, we investigate ammonia synthesis under mild electrocatalytic conditions on a transition-metal-doped porous C24N24 catalyst using density functional theory (DFT). The TMs studied include Ti, Mn, and Cu in a 2:4 dopant ratio (Ti2Mn4@C24N24 and Ti2Cu4@N-24(24)). Our computations show that a single Ti atom in both catalysts exhibits the highest selectivity for N-2 fixation at ambient conditions. This work is a good theoretical model to establish the structure-activity relationship, and the knowledge earned from the metal-N-4 moieties may help studies of related nanomaterials, especially those with curved structures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000804119800003	Publication Date	2022-05-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1089-5639; 1520-5215	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	2.9	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.9
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:189023			Serial	7146
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Faraji, F.; Neek-Amal, M.; Neyts, E.C.; Peeters, F.M.
	Title	Indentation of graphene nano-bubbles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	14	Issue	15	Pages	5876-5883
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the effect of an AFM tip when indenting graphene nano bubbles filled by a noble gas (i.e. He, Ne and Ar) up to the breaking point. The failure points resemble those of viral shells as described by the Foppl-von Karman (FvK) dimensionless number defined in the context of elasticity theory of thin shells. At room temperature, He gas inside the bubbles is found to be in the liquid state while Ne and Ar atoms are in the solid state although the pressure inside the nano bubble is below the melting pressure of the bulk. The trapped gases are under higher hydrostatic pressure at low temperatures than at room temperature.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000776763000001	Publication Date	2022-03-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364; 2040-3372	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.7	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.7
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:187924			Serial	7171
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Oliveira, M.C.
	Title	Influence of phase-separated domains on the permeability of oxidized lipid membranes			Type	Doctoral thesis
	Year	2022	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	151 p.
	Keywords	Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Biological membranes are under constant attack of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which may lead to a complex mixture of nitro-oxidized lipids that are responsible for structural and dynamic changes on the membrane. Because of that, nitro-oxidized lipids are also associated with several tumors and inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, lipid oxidation may induce membrane phase-separated domains, which also drastically affect the membrane function. Evidence suggests that domain interfaces are “hot spots” for pore formation, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. There is an urgent need for an improved understanding of oxidation-induced phase separation on membrane properties. Likewise, the molecular structure at domain interfaces still needs to be elucidated. To evaluate the effect of lipid nitro-oxidation on the permeability of single-phase (homogeneous) and phase-separated (heterogeneous) phospholipid bilayers (PLBs), we performed atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using: (1) single-phase PLBs composed of several isomers of nitrated and/or oxidized lipids; (2) phase-separated PLBs composed of coexisting liquid ordered (Lo) and liquid disordered (Ld) domains, where the Ld domain is composed of non-oxidized and/or oxidized lipids. Our results show that nitrated lipids increase the membrane permeability of single-phase PLBs by three-fold compared to oxidized lipids. In addition, we show that oxidized lipids in the presence of nitrated lipids decrease the membrane permeability, suggesting an interaction between nitrated and oxidized lipids. Overall, the permeability of single-phase and phase-separated PLBs was comparable, and the presence of oxidized lipids increases the membrane permeability only in single-phase PLBs. Despite the latter, the presence of only 1.5% of lipid aldehydes at the Lo/Ld domain interfaces of phase-separated PLBs was able to increase the membrane permeability. In consequence of this, we also performed coarse-grained MD simulations to evaluate whether lipid aldehydes have a preference to accumulate at the interface between Lo/Ld domains. Our results show that lipid aldehydes derived from mono-unsaturated lipids accumulate at the interface, but those derived from poly-unsaturated lipids remain in the Ld domain. This study is of interest for photodynamic therapy and plasma medicine for cancer treatment, to understand the effects caused by RONS in cell membranes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:191039			Serial	7173
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Turnhout, J.; Aceto, D.; Travert, A.; Bazin, P.; Thibault-Starzyk, F.; Bogaerts, A.; Azzolina-Jury, F.
	Title	Observation of surface species in plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane in a novel atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge in situ IR cell			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Catalysis Science & Technology	Abbreviated Journal	Catal Sci Technol
	Volume	12	Issue	22	Pages	6676-6686
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	We developed a novel in situ (i.e. inside plasma and during operation) IR dielectric barrier discharge cell allowing investigation of plasma catalysis in transmission mode, atmospheric pressure, flow conditions (WHSV similar to 0-50 000 mL g(-1) h(-1)), at relevant discharge voltages (similar to 0-50 kV) and frequencies (similar to 0-5 kHz). We applied it to study the IR-active surface species formed on a SiO2 support and on a 3 wt% Ru/SiO2 catalyst, which can help to reveal the important surface reaction mechanisms during the plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane (DRM). Moreover, we present a technique for the challenging task of estimating the temperature of a catalyst sample in a plasma-catalytic system in situ and during plasma operation. We found that during the reaction, water is immediately formed at the SiO2 surface, and physisorbed formic acid is formed with a delay. As Ru/SiO2 is subject to greater plasma-induced heating than SiO2 (with a surface temperature increase in the range of 70-120 degrees C, with peaks up to 150 degrees C), we observe lower amounts of physisorbed water on Ru/SiO2, and less physisorbed formic acid formation. Importantly, the formation of surface species on the catalyst sample in our plasma-catalytic setup, as well as the observed conversions and selectivities in plasma conditions, can not be explained by plasma-induced heating of the catalyst surface, but must be attributed to other plasma effects, such as the adsorption of plasma-generated radicals and molecules, or the occurrence of Eley-Rideal reactions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000865542600001	Publication Date	2022-10-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2044-4753; 2044-4761	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 5
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:191389			Serial	7185
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Andersen, J.A.; Christensen, J.M.; Østberg, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Jensen, A.D.
	Title	Plasma-catalytic ammonia decomposition using a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Hydrogen Energ
	Volume	47	Issue	75	Pages	32081-32091
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Plasma-catalytic ammonia decomposition as a method for producing hydrogen was studied in a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor at ambient pressure and a fixed plasma power. The influence of packing the plasma zone with various dielectric materials, typically used as catalyst supports, was examined. At conditions (21 W, 75 Nml/min NH3) where an NH3 conversion of 5% was achieved with plasma alone, an improved decomposition was found when introducing dielectric materials with dielectric constants between 4 and 30. Of the tested materials, MgAl2O4 yielded the highest conversion (15.1%). The particle size (0.3-1.4 mm) of the MgAl2O4 packing was found to have a modest influence on the conversion, which dropped from 15.1% to 12.6% with increasing particle size. Impregnation of MgAl2O4 with different metals was found to decrease the NH3 conversion, with the Ni impregnation still showing an improved conversion (7%) compared to plasma-only. The plasma-assisted ammonia decomposition occurs in the gas phase due to micro-discharges, as evident from a linear correlation between the conversion and the frequency of micro-discharges for both plasma alone and with the various solid packing materials. The primary function of the solid is thus to facilitate the gas phase reaction by assisting the creation of micro-discharges. Lastly, insulation of the reactor to raise the temperature to 230 degrees C in the plasma zone was found to have a negative effect on the conversion, as a change from volume discharges to surface discharges occurred. The study shows that NH3 can be decomposed to provide hydrogen by exposure to a non-thermal plasma, but further developments are needed for it to become an energy efficient technology. (C)2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000865421200012	Publication Date	2022-08-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0360-3199	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.2	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 7.2
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:191512			Serial	7191
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	Author	Cui, Z.; Meng, S.; Yi, Y.; Jafarzadeh, A.; Li, S.; Neyts, E.C.; Hao, Y.; Li, L.; Zhang, X.; Wang, X.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Plasma-catalytic methanol synthesis from CO₂ hydrogenation over a supported Cu cluster catalyst : insights into the reaction mechanism			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Acs Catalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Catal
	Volume	12	Issue	2	Pages	1326-1337
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Plasma-catalytic CO, hydrogenation for methanol production is gaining increasing interest, but our understanding of its reaction mechanism remains primitive. We present a combined experimental/computational study on plasma-catalytic CO, hydrogenation to CH3OH over a size-selected Cu/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst. Our experiments demonstrate a synergistic effect between the Cu/gamma-Al2O3 catalyst and the CO2/H-2 plasma, achieving a CO2 conversion of 10% at 4 wt % Cu loading and a CH3OH selectivity near 50% further rising to 65% with H2O addition (for a H2O/CO2 ratio of 1). Furthermore, the energy consumption for CH3OH production was more than 20 times lower than with plasma only. We carried out density functional theory calculations over a Cu-13/gamma-Al2O3 model, which reveal that the interfacial sites of the Cu-13 cluster and gamma-Al2O3 support show a bifunctional effect: they not only activate the CO2 molecules but also strongly adsorb key intermediates to promote their hydrogenation further. Reactive plasma species can regulate the catalyst surface reactions via the Eley-Rideal (E-R) mechanism, which accelerates the hydrogenation process and promotes the generation of the key intermediates. H2O can promote the CH3OH desorption by competitive adsorption over the Cu-13/gamma-Al2O3 surface. This study provides new insights into CO2 hydrogenation through plasma catalysis, and it provides inspiration for the conversion of some other small molecules (CH4, N-2, CO, etc.) by plasma catalysis using supported-metal clusters.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000742735600001	Publication Date	2022-01-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2155-5435	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.9	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 12.9
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:186416			Serial	7192
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	Author	van 't Veer, K.C.
	Title	Plasma kinetics modelling of nitrogen fixation : ammonia synthesis in dielectric barrier discharges with catalysts			Type	Doctoral thesis
	Year	2022	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	241 p.
	Keywords	Doctoral thesis; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Ammonia (NH3) synthesis is crucial for the production of artificial fertilizer and is carried out through the Haber-Bosch process. With an energy consumption of 30 GJ/t-NH3 and the emission of 2 kg-CO2/kg-NH3, ammonia is the chemical with the largest environmental footprint. Haber-Bosch operates under high pressure and high temperature conditions. Plasma technology potentially allows greener ammonia production. Dielectric barrier discharges are a popular plasma source in which a catalyst is easily incorporated. The combination of plasma and catalyst can circumvent the harsh reaction conditions of the Haber-Bosch process. Plasma kinetics modelling is used to gain insight into the mechanisms of such plasma-catalytic systems. Special attention is given to the instantaneous power absorbed by the electrons, the relevant fraction of the microdischarges and the discharge volumes. The importance of vibrational excitation is investigated. Depending on the exact discharge conditions, it was found that both the strong microdischarges and vibrational excitation can be simultaneously important for the ammonia yield. The temporal behavior of filamentary dielectric barrier discharges was explicitly taken into account. Ammonia was found to decompose during the microdischarges due to electron impact dissociation. At the same time atomic nitrogen and other excited species are created. Those reactive species recombine to ammonia in the afterglow through various elementary Eley-Rideal and Langmuir-Hinshelwood surface reaction steps with a net ammonia gain. Finally, the concept of the fraction of microdischarges was generalized. It directly represents the efficiency with which the applied electric power is transferred to each individual particle in the plasma reactor. It is argued that any type of spatial or temporal non-uniformity of the plasma will cause unequal treatment of the gas molecules in the reactor, corresponding to a lower efficiency at which the power is transferred to the gas molecules. All of those insights aid in an increased understanding of plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis as a potential green chemistry solution to the synthesis of ammonia on small scale.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:188246			Serial	7193
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Cui, Z.; Zhou, C.; Jafarzadeh, A.; Meng, S.; Yi, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Hao, Y.; Li, L.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	SF₆ catalytic degradation in a γ-Al₂O₃ packed bed plasma system : a combined experimental and theoretical study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	High voltage	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-11
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Effective abatement of the greenhouse gas sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) waste is of great importance for the environment protection. This work investigates the size effect and the surface properties of gamma-Al2O3 pellets on SF6 degradation in a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge (PB-DBD) system. Experimental results show that decreasing the packing size improves the filamentary discharges and promotes the ignition and the maintenance of plasma, enhancing the degradation performance at low input powers. However, too small packing pellets decrease the gas residence time and reduce the degradation efficiency, especially for the input power beyond 80 W. Besides, lowering the packing size promotes the generation of SO2, while reduces the yields of S-O-F products, corresponding to a better degradation. After the discharge, the pellet surface becomes smoother with the appearance of S and F elements. Density functional theory calculations show that SF6 is likely to be adsorbed at the Al-III site over the gamma-Al2O3(110) surface, and it is much more easily to decompose than in the gas phase. The fluorine gaseous products can decompose and stably adsorb on the pellet surface to change the surface element composition. This work provides a better understanding of SF6 degradation in a PB-DBD system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000827312700001	Publication Date	2022-07-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2397-7264	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	4.4	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.4
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:189603			Serial	7208
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Lin, A.; Biscop, E.; Gorbanev, Y.; Smits, E.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Toward defining plasma treatment dose : the role of plasma treatment energy of pulsed‐dielectric barrier discharge in dictating in vitro biological responses			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Plasma Processes And Polymers	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Process Polym
	Volume	19	Issue	3	Pages	e2100151
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The energy dependence of a pulsed-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment on chemical species production and biological responses was investigated. We hypothesized that the total plasma energy delivered during treatment encompasses the influence of major application parameters. A microsecond-pulsed DBD system was used to treat three different cancer cell lines and cell viability was analyzed. The energy per pulse was measured and the total plasma treatment energy was controlled by adjusting the pulse frequency, treatment time, and application distance. Our data suggest that the delivered plasma energy plays a predominant role in stimulating a biological response in vitro. This study aids in developing steps toward defining a plasma treatment unit and treatment dose for biomedical and clinical research.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000711907800001	Publication Date	2021-10-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1612-8850	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.5	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.5
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:182916			Serial	7219
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	Author	Verheyen, C.; van ’t Veer, K.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Atomic oxygen assisted CO2 conversion: A theoretical analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Journal of CO2 utilization	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	67	Issue		Pages	102347
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	With climate change still a pressing issue, there is a great need for carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) methods. We propose a novel concept where CO2 conversion is accomplished by O2 splitting followed by the addition of O atoms to CO2. The latter is studied here by means of kinetic modelling. In the first instance, we study various CO2/O ratios, and we observe an optimal CO2 conversion of around 30–40% for 50% O addition. Gas temperature also has a large influence, with a minimum temperature of around 1000 K to a maximum of 2000 K for optimal conversion. In the second instance, we study various CO2/O/O2 ratios, due to O2 being a starting gas. Also here we define optimal regions for CO2 conversion, which reach maximum conversion for a CO2 fraction of 50% and an O/O2 ratio bigger than 1. Those can be expanded by heating on one hand, for low atomic oxygen availability, and by quenching after reaction on the other hand, for cases where the temperatures are too high. Our model predictions can serve as a guideline for experimental research in this domain.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000908384000005	Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2212-9820	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.7	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This research was supported by FWO – PhD fellowship-aspirant, Grant 1184820N. We also want to thank Bj¨orn Loenders and Joachim Slaets.			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.7; 2023 IF: 4.292
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:192321			Serial	7231
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	Author	Andersen, Ja.; Holm, Mc.; van 't Veer, K.; Christensen, Jm.; Østberg, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Jensen, Ad.
	Title	Plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor: A combined experimental study and kinetic modeling			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	457	Issue		Pages	141294
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor has emerged as a possible route for electrification of nitrogen fixation. In this study, we use a combination of experiments and a plasma kinetic model to investigate the ammonia synthesis from N2 and H2, both with and without a solid packing material in the plasma zone. The effect of plasma power, feed flow rate, N2:H2 feed ratio, gas residence time, temperature, and packing material (MgAl2O4 alone or impregnated with Co or Ru) on the ammonia synthesis rate were examined in the experiments. The kinetic model was employed to improve our understanding of the ammonia formation pathways and identify possible changes in these pathways when altering the N2:H2 feed ratio. A higher NH3 synthesis rate was achieved when increasing the feed flow rate, as well as when increasing the gas tem-perature from 100 to 200 ◦C when a packing material was present in the plasma. At the elevated temperature of 200 ◦C, an optimum in the NH3 synthesis rate was observed at an equimolar feed ratio (N2:H2 =1:1) for the plasma alone and MgAl2O4, while a N2-rich feed was favored for Ru/MgAl2O4 and Co/MgAl2O4. The optimum in the synthesis rate with the N2-rich feed, where high energy electrons are more likely to collide with N2, suggests that the rate-limiting step is the dissociation of N2 in the gas phase. This is supported by the kinetic model when packing material was used. However, for the plasma alone, the model found that the N2 dissociation is only rate limiting in H2-rich feeds, whereas the limited access to H in N2-rich feeds makes the hydrogenation of N species limiting.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001058978000001	Publication Date	2023-01-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	15.1	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We thank Topsoe A/S for providing the catalytic materials used in the study, the research group PLASMANT (University of Antwerp) for sharing their plasma kinetic model and allocating time on their cluster for the calculations, and the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (Technical University of Denmark) for funding the project.			Approved	Most recent IF: 15.1; 2023 IF: 6.216
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195877			Serial	7234
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	Author	Mercer, Er.; Van Alphen, S.; van Deursen, Cf.a.m.; Righart, Tw.h.; Bongers, Wa.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A.; van de Sanden, Mc.m.; Peeters, Fj.j.
	Title	Post-plasma quenching to improve conversion and energy efficiency in a CO2 microwave plasma			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Fuel	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	334	Issue		Pages	126734
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Transforming CO2 into value-added chemicals is crucial to realizing a carbon–neutral economy, and plasma-based conversion, a Power-2-X technology, offers a promising route to realizing an efficient and scalable process. This paper investigates the effects of post-plasma placement of a converging–diverging nozzle in a vortex-stabilized 2.45 GHz CO2 microwave plasma reactor to increase energy efficiency and conversion. The CDN leads to a 21 % relative increase in energy efficiency (31 %) and CO2 conversion (13 %) at high flow rates and near-atmospheric conditions. The most significant performance improvement was seen at low flow rates and sub-atmospheric pressure (300 mbar), where energy efficiency was 23 % and conversion was 28 %, a 71 % relative increase over conditions without the CDN. Using CFD simulations, we found that the CDN produces a change in the flow geometry, leading to a confined temperature profile at the height of the plasma, and forced extraction of CO to the post-CDN region.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000891307400008	Publication Date	2022-11-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0016-2361	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.4	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project) and the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023). The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the HPC core facility CalcUA of the Universiteit Antwerpen, and VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government. In addition, this work has been carried out as part of the Plasma Power to Gas research program with reference 15325, which is by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and Alliander N.V.			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.4; 2023 IF: 4.601
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:192784			Serial	7235
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	Author	Andersen, Ja.; van 't Veer, K.; Christensen, Jm.; Østberg, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Jensen, Ad.
	Title	Ammonia decomposition in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma: Insights from experiments and kinetic modeling			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Chemical engineering science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	271	Issue		Pages	118550
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Utilizing ammonia as a storage medium for hydrogen is currently receiving increased attention. A possible method to retrieve the hydrogen is by plasma-catalytic decomposition. In this work, we combined an experimental study, using a dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor, with a plasma kinetic model, to get insights into the decomposition mechanism. The experimental results revealed a similar effect on the ammonia conversion when changing the flow rate and power, where increasing the specific energy input (higher power or lower flow rate) gave an increased conversion. A conversion as high as 82 % was achieved at a specific energy input of 18 kJ/Nl. Furthermore, when changing the discharge volume from 31 to 10 cm3, a change in the plasma distribution factor from 0.2 to 0.1 was needed in the model to best describe the conversions of the experiments. This means that a smaller plasma volume caused a higher transfer of energy through micro-discharges (non-uniform plasma), which was found to promote the decomposition of ammonia. These results indicate that it is the collisions between NH3 and the high-energy electrons that initiate the decomposition. Moreover, the rate of ammonia destruction was found by the model to be in the order of 1022 molecules/(cm3 s) during the micro-discharges, which is 5 to 6 orders of magnitude higher than in the afterglows. A considerable re-formation of ammonia was found to take place in the afterglows, limiting the overall conversion. In addition, the model revealed that implementation of packing material in the plasma introduced high concentrations of surface-bound hydrogen atoms, which introduced an additional ammonia re-formation pathway through an Eley-Rideal reaction with gas phase NH2. Furthermore, a more uniform plasma is predicted in the presence of MgAl2O4, which leads to a lower average electron energy during micro-discharges and a lower conversion (37 %) at a comparable residence time for the plasma alone (51 %).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000946293200001	Publication Date	2023-02-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0009-2509	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.7	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We thank Topsoe A/S for providing the packing material used, the research group PLASMANT (UAntwerpen) for sharing their plasma kinetic model and allowing us to perform the calculations on their clusters, and the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, for funding this project.			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.7; 2023 IF: 2.895
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195204			Serial	7237
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	Author	Živanić, M.; Espona‐Noguera, A.; Lin, A.; Canal, C.
	Title	Current State of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Cancer‐Immunity Cycle: Therapeutic Relevance and Overcoming Clinical Limitations Using Hydrogels			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Advanced Science	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Sci
	Volume		Issue		Pages	2205803
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a partially ionized gas that gains attention as a well-tolerated cancer treatment that can enhance anti-tumor immune responses, which are important for durable therapeutic effects. This review offers a comprehensive and critical summary on the current understanding of mechanisms in which CAP can assist anti-tumor immunity: induction of immunogenic cell death, oxidative post-translational modifications of the tumor and its microenvironment, epigenetic regulation of aberrant gene expression, and enhancement of immune cell functions. This should provide a rationale for the effective and meaningful clinical implementation of CAP. As discussed here, despite its potential, CAP faces different clinical limitations associated with the current CAP treatment modalities: direct exposure of cancerous cells to plasma, and indirect treatment through injection of plasma-treated liquids in the tumor. To this end, a novel modality is proposed: plasma-treated hydrogels (PTHs) that can not only help overcome some of the clinical limitations but also offer a convenient platform for combining CAP with existing drugs to improve therapeutic responses and contribute to the clinical translation of CAP. Finally, by integrating expertise in biomaterials and plasma medicine, practical considerations and prospective for the development of PTHs are offered.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000918224200001	Publication Date	2023-01-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2198-3844	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	15.1	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	European Research Council, 714793 ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 12S9221N G044420N ; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, PID2019‐103892RB‐I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 15.1; 2023 IF: 9.034
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:193166			Serial	7238
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	Author	Tsonev, I.; O’Modhrain, C.; Bogaerts, A.; Gorbanev, Y.
	Title	Nitrogen Fixation by an Arc Plasma at Elevated Pressure to Increase the Energy Efficiency and Production Rate of NO_x			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	5	Pages	1888-1897
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Plasma-based nitrogen fixation for fertilizer production is an attractive alternative to the fossil fuel-based industrial processes. However, many factors hinder its applicability, e.g., the commonly observed inverse correlation between energy consumption and production rates or the necessity to enhance the selectivity toward NO2, the desired product for a more facile formation of nitrate-based fertilizers. In this work, we investigated the use of a rotating gliding arc plasma for nitrogen fixation at elevated pressures (up to 3 barg), at different feed gas flow rates and composition. Our results demonstrate a dramatic increase in the amount of NOx produced as a function of increasing pressure, with a record-low EC of 1.8 MJ/(mol N) while yielding a high production rate of 69 g/h and a high selectivity (94%) of NO2. We ascribe this improvement to the enhanced thermal Zeldovich mechanism and an increased rate of NO oxidation compared to the back reaction of NO with atomic oxygen, due to the elevated pressure.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000924366700001	Publication Date	2023-02-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2168-0485	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.4	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G0G2322N ; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, 965546 ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.4; 2023 IF: 5.951
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:194281			Serial	7239
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	Author	Lin, A.; Sahun, M.; Biscop, E.; Verswyvel, H.; De Waele, J.; De Backer, J.; Theys, C.; Cuypers, B.; Laukens, K.; Berghe, W.V.; Smits, E.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Acquired non-thermal plasma resistance mediates a shift towards aerobic glycolysis and ferroptotic cell death in melanoma			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Drug resistance updates	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	67	Issue		Pages	100914
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; ADReM Data Lab (ADReM); Center for Oncological Research (CORE); Proteinscience, proteomics and epigenetic signaling (PPES); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	To gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of NTP therapy sensitivity and resistance, using the firstever NTP-resistant cell line derived from sensitive melanoma cells (A375). Methods: Melanoma cells were exposed to NTP and re-cultured for 12 consecutive weeks before evaluation against the parental control cells. Whole transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes and enriched molecular pathways. Glucose uptake, extracellular lactate, media acidification, and mitochondrial respiration was analyzed to determine metabolic changes. Cell death inhibitors were used to assess the NTP-induced cell death mechanisms, and apoptosis and ferroptosis was further validated via Annexin V, Caspase 3/7, and lipid peroxidation analysis. Results: Cells continuously exposed to NTP became 10 times more resistant to NTP compared to the parental cell line of the same passage, based on their half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Sequencing and metabolic analysis indicated that NTP-resistant cells had a preference towards aerobic glycolysis, while cell death analysis revealed that NTP-resistant cells exhibited less apoptosis but were more vulnerable to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. Conclusions: A preference towards aerobic glycolysis and ferroptotic cell death are key physiological changes in NTP-resistance cells, which opens new avenues for further, in-depth research into other cancer types.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000925156500001	Publication Date	2022-12-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1368-7646	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	24.3	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors would like to thank Dr. Christophe Deben and Ms. Hannah Zaryouh (Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp) for the use and their help with the D300e Digital Dispenser and Spark® Cyto, as well as Ms. Rapha¨elle Corremans (Laboratory Pathophysiology, University of Antwerp) for the use of their lactate meter. The authors would also like to acknowledge the help from Ms. Tias Verhezen and Mr. Cyrus Akbari, who was involved at the start of the project but could not continue due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors also acknowledge the resources and services provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center). This work was funded in part by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government. The FWO fellowships and grants that funded this work also include: 12S9221N (Abraham Lin), G044420N (Abraham Lin, Annemie Bogaerts), and 1S67621N (Hanne Verswyvel). We would also like to thank several patrons, as part of this research was funded by donations from different donors, including Dedert Schilde vzw, Mr. Willy Floren, and the Vereycken family. We would also like to acknowledge the support from the European Cooperation in Science & Technology (COST) Action on Therapeutical applications of Cold Plasmas (CA20114; PlasTHER).			Approved	Most recent IF: 24.3; 2023 IF: 10.906
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:193167			Serial	7240
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	Author	Eshtehardi, H.A.; van 't Veer, K.; Delplancke, M.-P.; Reniers, F.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Postplasma Catalytic Model for NO Production: Revealing the Underlying Mechanisms to Improve the Process Efficiency			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	5	Pages	1720-1733
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Plasma catalysis is emerging for plasma-assisted gas conversion processes. However, the underlying mechanisms of plasma catalysis are poorly understood. In this work, we present a 1D heterogeneous catalysis model with axial dispersion (i.e., accounting for back-mixing and molecular diffusion of fluid elements in the process stream in the axial direction), for plasma-catalytic NO production from N2/O2 mixtures. We investigate the concentration and reaction rates of each species formed as a function of time and position across the catalyst, in order to determine the underlying mechanisms. To obtain insights into how the performance of the process can be further improved, we also study how changes in the postplasma gas flow composition entering the catalyst bed and in the operation conditions of the catalytic stage affect the performance of NO production.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000926412800001	Publication Date	2023-02-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2168-0485	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	8.4	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 30505023 GoF9618n ; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique FNRS, 30505023 GoF9618n ; H2020 European Research Council, 810182 ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.4; 2023 IF: 5.951
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195377			Serial	7241
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	Author	Han, I.; Song, I.S.; Choi, S.A.; Lee, T.; Yusupov, M.; Shaw, P.; Bogaerts, A.; Choi, E.H.; Ryu, J.J.
	Title	Bioactive Nonthermal Biocompatible Plasma Enhances Migration on Human Gingival Fibroblasts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Advanced healthcare materials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	12	Issue	4	Pages	2200527
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	This study hypothesizes that the application of low-dose nonthermal biocompatible dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD-NBP) to human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) will inhibit colony formation but not cell death and induce matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and subsequent cell migration, which can result in enhanced wound healing. HGFs treated with plasma for 3 min migrate to each other across the gap faster than those in the control and 5-min treatment groups on days 1 and 3. The plasma-treated HGFs show significantly high expression levels of the cell cycle arrest-related p21 gene and enhanced MMP activity. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) mediated attenuation of wound healing or actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, and plasma-mediated reversal of this attenuation support the migratory effect of DBD-NBP. Further, this work performs computer simulations to investigate the effect of oxidation on the stability and conformation of the catalytic kinase domain (KD) of FAK. It is found that the oxidation of highly reactive amino acids (AAs) Cys427, Met442, Cys559, Met571, Met617, and Met643 changes the conformation and increases the structural flexibility of the FAK protein and thus modulates its function and activity. Low-dose DBD-NBP-induces host cell cycle arrest, ECM breakdown, and subsequent migration, thus contributing to the enhanced wound healing process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000897762100001	Publication Date	2022-11-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2192-2640	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	10	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	National Research Foundation of Korea; Kementerian Pendidikan, 2020R1I1A1A01073071 2021R1A6A1A03038785 ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 10; 2023 IF: 5.11
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:192804			Serial	7242
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	Author	Kelly, S.; Verheyen, C.; Cowley, A.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Producing oxygen and fertilizer with the Martian atmosphere by using microwave plasma			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Chem	Abbreviated Journal	Chem
	Volume	8	Issue	10	Pages	2797-2816
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	We explorethepotentialofmicrowave(MW)-plasma-based in situ utilizationoftheMartianatmospherewithafocusonthenovelpos- sibilityoffixingN2 forfertilizerproduction. Conversioninasimulant plasma (i.e., 96% CO2, 2% N2, and 2% Ar),performedunderen- ergyconditionssimilartothoseoftheMarsOxygen In Situ Resource UtilizationExperiment(MOXIE),currentlyonboardNASA’sPerse- verancerover,demonstratesthatO/O2 formedthroughCO2 dissociation facilitatesthefixationoftheN2 fractionviaoxidationtoNOx. PromisingproductionratesforO2, CO,andNOx of 47.0,76.1,and 1.25g/h,respectively,arerecordedwithcorrespondingenergy costs of0.021,0.013,and0.79kWh/g,respectively.Notably,O2 productionratesare 30 timeshigherthanthosedemonstrated by MOXIE,whiletheNOx production raterepresentsan 7% fixa- tionoftheN2 fraction presentintheMartian atmosphere.MW- plasma-basedconversionthereforeshowsgreatpotentialasan in situ resourceutilization(ISRU)technologyonMarsinthatitsimulta- neouslyfixesN2 and producesO2.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000875346600005	Publication Date	2022-08-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2451-9294	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	23.5	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	the Euro- pean Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship ‘‘PENFIX’’ within Horizon 2020 (grant no. 838181), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (grant no. 810182; SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant no. GoF9618n and EOS no. 30505023). C.V. was supported by a FWO aspirant PhD fellowship (grant no. 1184820N). The calculations were per- formed with the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Univer- siteit Antwerpen (Uantwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Centre VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish government (department EWI), and Uantwerpen.			Approved	Most recent IF: 23.5
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:192174			Serial	7243
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	Author	Cui, Z.; Hao, Y.; Jafarzadeh, A.; Li, S.; Bogaerts, A.; Li, L.
	Title	The adsorption and decomposition of SF6 over defective and hydroxylated MgO surfaces: A DFT study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Surfaces and interfaces	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	36	Issue		Pages	102602
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Plasma degradation is one of the most effective methods for the abatement of greenhouse gas sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). To evaluate the potential of MgO as a catalyst in plasma degradation, we investigate the catalytic properties of MgO on SF6 adsorption and activation by density functional theory (DFT) where the O-defective and hydroxylated surfaces are considered as two typical plasma-generated surfaces. Our results show that perfect MgO (001) and (111) surfaces cannot interact with SF6 and only physical adsorption happens. In case of Odefective MgO surfaces, the O vacancy is the most stable adsorption site. SF6 undergoes a decomposition to SF5 and F over the O-defective MgO (001) surface and undergoes an elongation of the bottom S-F bond over the Odefective (111) surface. Besides, SF6 shows a physically adsorption at the stepsite of the MgO (001) surface, accompanied by small changes in its bond angle and length. Furthermore, SF6 is found to be physically and chemically adsorbed over 0.5 and 1.0 ML (monolayer) H-covered O-terminated MgO (111) surfaces, respectively. The SF6 molecule undergoes a self-decomposition on the 1.0 ML hydroxylated surface via a surface bonding process. This study shows that defective and hydroxylated MgO surfaces have the surface capacities for SF6 activation, which shows that MgO has potential as packing material in SF6 waste treatment in packed-bed plasmas.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000916285000001	Publication Date	2022-12-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2468-0230	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.2	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	National Natural Science Foundation of China, 52207155 ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Vlaams Supercomputer Centrum; Vlaamse regering;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.2; 2023 IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:194364			Serial	7244
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	Author	Tennyson, J.; Mohr, S.; Hanicinec, M.; Dzarasova, A.; Smith, C.; Waddington, S.; Liu, B.; Alves, L.L.; Bartschat, K.; Bogaerts, A.; Engelmann, S.U.; Gans, T.; Gibson, A.R.; Hamaguchi, S.; Hamilton, K.R.; Hill, C.; O’Connell, D.; Rauf, S.; van ’t Veer, K.; Zatsarinny, O.
	Title	The 2021 release of the Quantemol database (QDB) of plasma chemistries and reactions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Plasma Sources Science & Technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	31	Issue	9	Pages	095020
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The Quantemol database (QDB) provides cross sections and rates of processes important for plasma models; heavy particle collisions (chemical reactions) and electron collision processes are considered. The current version of QDB has data on 28 917 processes between 2485 distinct species plus data for surface processes. These data are available via a web interface or can be delivered directly to plasma models using an application program interface; data are available in formats suitable for direct input into a variety of popular plasma modeling codes including HPEM, COMSOL, ChemKIN, CFD-ACE+, and VisGlow. QDB provides ready assembled plasma chemistries plus the ability to build bespoke chemistries. The database also provides a Boltzmann solver for electron dynamics and a zero-dimensional model. Thesedevelopments, use cases involving O<sub>2</sub>, Ar/NF<sub>3</sub>, Ar/NF<sub>3</sub>/O<sub>2</sub>, and He/H<sub>2</sub>O/O<sub>2</sub>chemistries, and plans for the future are presented.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000895762200001	Publication Date	2022-09-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	3.8	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EP/N509577/1 ; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, UIDB/50010/2020 ; Science and Technology Facilities Council, ST/K004069/1 ; National Science Foundation, OAC-1834740 ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.8
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:192845			Serial	7245
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	Author	Morais, E.; Delikonstantis, E.; Scapinello, M.; Smith, G.; Stefanidis, G.D.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Methane coupling in nanosecond pulsed plasmas: Correlation between temperature and pressure and effects on product selectivity			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	462	Issue		Pages	142227
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	We present a zero-dimensional kinetic model to characterise specifically the gas-phase dynamics of methane conversion in a nanosecond pulsed discharge (NPD) plasma reactor. The model includes a systematic approach to capture the nanoscale power discharges and the rapid ensuing changes in electric field, gas and electron temperature, as well as species densities. The effects of gas temperature and reactor pressure on gas conversion and product selectivity are extensively investigated and validated against experimental work. We discuss the important reaction pathways and provide an analysis of the dynamics of the heating and cooling mechanisms. H radicals are found to be the most populous plasma species and they participate in hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions, which are the dominant recombination reactions leading to C2H4 and C2H2 as main products (depending on the pressure).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000983631500001	Publication Date	2023-03-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	15.1	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Flemish Government through the Moonshot cSBO project “Power-to-Olefins” (P2O; HBC.2020.2620).			Approved	Most recent IF: 15.1; 2023 IF: 6.216
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195881			Serial	7246
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	Author	Van Alphen, S.; Hecimovic, A.; Kiefer, C.K.; Fantz, U.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Modelling post-plasma quenching nozzles for improving the performance of CO2 microwave plasmas			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	462	Issue		Pages	142217
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Given the ecological problems associated to the CO2 emissions of fossil fuels, plasma technology has gained interest for conversion of CO2 into value-added products. Microwave plasmas operating at atmospheric pressure have proven to be especially interesting, due to the high gas temperatures inside the reactor (i.e. up to 6000 K) allowing for efficient thermal dissociation of CO2 into CO and O2. However, the performance of these high temperature plasmas is limited by recombination of CO back into CO2 once the gas cools down in the afterglow. In this work, we computationally investigated several quenching nozzles, developed and experimentally tested by Hecimovic et al., [1] for their ability to quickly cool the gas after the plasma, thereby quenching the CO recombination reactions. Using a 3D computational fluid dynamics model and a quasi-1D chemical kinetics model, we reveal that a reactor without nozzle lacks gas mixing between hot gas in the center and cold gas near the reactor walls. Especially at low flow rates, where there is an inherent lack of convective cooling due to the low gas flow velocity, the temperature in the afterglow remains high (between 2000 and 3000 K) for a relatively long time (in the 0.1 s range). As shown by our quasi-1D chemical kinetics model, this results in a important loss of CO due to recombination reactions. Attaching a nozzle in the effluent of the reactor induces fast gas quenching right after the plasma. Indeed, it introduces (i) more convective cooling by forcing cool gas near the walls to mix with hot gas in the center of the reactor, as well as (ii) more conductive cooling through the water-cooled walls of the nozzle. Our model shows that gas quenching and the suppression of recombination reactions have more impact at low flow rates, where recombination is the most limiting factor in the conversion process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000962382600001	Publication Date	2023-03-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	15.1	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and through long-term structural funding (Methusalem). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen.			Approved	Most recent IF: 15.1; 2023 IF: 6.216
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195889			Serial	7250
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	Author	Liu, R.; Hao, Y.; Wang, T.; Wang, L.; Bogaerts, A.; Guo, H.; Yi, Y.
	Title	Hybrid plasma-thermal system for methane conversion to ethylene and hydrogen			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	463	Issue		Pages	142442
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	By combining dielectric barrier discharge plasma and external heating, we exploit a two-stage hybrid plasmathermal system (HPTS), i.e., a plasma stage followed by a thermal stage, for direct non-oxidative coupling of CH4 to C2H4 and H2, yielding a CH4 conversion of ca. 17 %. In the two-stage HPTS, the plasma first converts CH4 into C2H6 and C3H8, which in the thermal stage leads to a high C2H4 selectivity of ca. 63 % by pyrolysis, with H2 selectivity of ca. 64 %.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000953890500001	Publication Date	2023-03-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	15.1	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [22272015, 21503032], the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [DUT21JC40].			Approved	Most recent IF: 15.1; 2023 IF: 6.216
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195888			Serial	7253
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	Author	Vervloessem, E.; Gromov, M.; De Geyter, N.; Bogaerts, A.; Gorbanev, Y.; Nikiforov, A.
	Title	NH₃and HNO_xFormation and Loss in Nitrogen Fixation from Air with Water Vapor by Nonequilibrium Plasma			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	10	Pages	4289-4298
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The current global energy crisis indicated that increasing our insight into nonfossil fuel nitrogen fixation pathways for synthetic fertilizer production is more crucial than ever. Nonequilibrium plasma is a good candidate because it can use N2 or air as a N source and water directly as a H source, instead of H2 or fossil fuel (CH4). In this work, we investigate NH3 gas phase formation pathways from humid N2 and especially humid air up to 2.4 mol % H2O (100% relative humidity at 20 °C) by optical emission spectroscopy and Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy. We demonstrate that the nitrogen fixation capacity is increased when water vapor is added, as this enables HNO2 and NH3 production in both N2 and air. However, we identified a significant loss mechanism for NH3 and HNO2 that occurs in systems where these species are synthesized simultaneously; i.e., downstream from the plasma, HNO2 reacts with NH3 to form NH4NO2, which rapidly decomposes into N2 and H2O. We also discuss approaches to prevent this loss mechanism, as it reduces the effective nitrogen fixation when not properly addressed and therefore should be considered in future works aimed at optimizing plasma-based N2 fixation. In-line removal of HNO2 or direct solvation in liquid are two proposed strategies to suppress this loss mechanism. Indeed, using liquid H2O is beneficial for accumulation of the N2 fixation products. Finally, in humid air, we also produce NH4NO3, from the reaction of HNO3 with NH3, which is of direct interest for fertilizer application.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000953337700001	Publication Date	2023-03-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2168-0485	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.4	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This research is supported by the Excellence of Science FWOFNRS project (NITROPLASM, FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant No. 810182 − SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) Flanders Bioeconomy project (grant No. G0G2322N), funded by the European Union-NextGenerationEU.			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.4; 2023 IF: 5.951
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195878			Serial	7254
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	Author	Eshtehardi, H.A.; Van ‘t Veer, K.; Delplancke, M.-P.; Reniers, F.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Postplasma Catalytic Model for NO Production: Revealing the Underlying Mechanisms to Improve the Process Efficiency			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	5	Pages	1720-1733
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Plasma catalysis is emerging for plasma-assisted gas conversion processes. However, the underlying mechanisms of plasma catalysis are poorly understood. In this work, we present a 1D heterogeneous catalysis model with axial dispersion (i.e., accounting for back-mixing and molecular diffusion of fluid elements in the process stream in the axial direction), for plasma-catalytic NO production from N2/O2 mixtures. We investigate the concentration and reaction rates of each species formed as a function of time and position across the catalyst, in order to determine the underlying mechanisms. To obtain insights into how the performance of the process can be further improved, we also study how changes in the postplasma gas flow composition entering the catalyst bed and in the operation conditions of the catalytic stage affect the performance of NO production.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000926412800001	Publication Date	2023-02-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2168-0485	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	8.4	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 810182 − SCOPE ERC Synergy project). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen.			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.4; 2023 IF: 5.951
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195377			Serial	7257
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	Author	Eshtehardi, H.A.; Van ‘t Veer, K.; Delplancke, M.-P.; Reniers, F.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Postplasma Catalytic Model for NO Production: Revealing the Underlying Mechanisms to Improve the Process Efficiency			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	5	Pages	1720-1733
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Plasma catalysis is emerging for plasma-assisted gas conversion processes. However, the underlying mechanisms of plasma catalysis are poorly understood. In this work, we present a 1D heterogeneous catalysis model with axial dispersion (i.e., accounting for back-mixing and molecular diffusion of fluid elements in the process stream in the axial direction), for plasma-catalytic NO production from N2/O2 mixtures. We investigate the concentration and reaction rates of each species formed as a function of time and position across the catalyst, in order to determine the underlying mechanisms. To obtain insights into how the performance of the process can be further improved, we also study how changes in the postplasma gas flow composition entering the catalyst bed and in the operation conditions of the catalytic stage affect the performance of NO production.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000926412800001	Publication Date	2023-02-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2168-0485	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	8.4	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 30505023 GoF9618n ; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique – FNRS, 30505023 GoF9618n ; H2020 European Research Council, 810182 ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.4; 2023 IF: 5.951
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195377			Serial	7258
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Alphen, S.; Hecimovic, A.; Kiefer, C.K.; Fantz, U.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Modelling post-plasma quenching nozzles for improving the performance of CO2 microwave plasmas			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	462	Issue		Pages	142217
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Given the ecological problems associated to the CO2 emissions of fossil fuels, plasma technology has gained interest for conversion of CO2 into value-added products. Microwave plasmas operating at atmospheric pressure have proven to be especially interesting, due to the high gas temperatures inside the reactor (i.e. up to 6000 K) allowing for efficient thermal dissociation of CO2 into CO and O2. However, the performance of these high temperature plasmas is limited by recombination of CO back into CO2 once the gas cools down in the afterglow. In this work, we computationally investigated several quenching nozzles, developed and experimentally tested by Hecimovic et al., [1] for their ability to quickly cool the gas after the plasma, thereby quenching the CO recombination reactions. Using a 3D computational fluid dynamics model and a quasi-1D chemical kinetics model, we reveal that a reactor without nozzle lacks gas mixing between hot gas in the center and cold gas near the reactor walls. Especially at low flow rates, where there is an inherent lack of convective cooling due to the low gas flow velocity, the temperature in the afterglow remains high (between 2000 and 3000 K) for a relatively long time (in the 0.1 s range). As shown by our quasi-1D chemical kinetics model, this results in a important loss of CO due to recombination reactions. Attaching a nozzle in the effluent of the reactor induces fast gas quenching right after the plasma. Indeed, it introduces (i) more convective cooling by forcing cool gas near the walls to mix with hot gas in the center of the reactor, as well as (ii) more conductive cooling through the water-cooled walls of the nozzle. Our model shows that gas quenching and the suppression of recombination reactions have more impact at low flow rates, where recombination is the most limiting factor in the conversion process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000962382600001	Publication Date	2023-03-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	15.1	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and through long-term structural funding (Methusalem). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen.			Approved	Most recent IF: 15.1; 2023 IF: 6.216
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195889			Serial	7259
Permanent link to this record