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	Author	Van Loenhout, J.; Freire Boullosa, L.; Quatannens, D.; De Waele, J.; Merlin, C.; Lambrechts, H.; Lau, H.W.; Hermans, C.; Lin, A.; Lardon, F.; Peeters, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Smits, E.; Deben, C.
	Title	Auranofin and Cold Atmospheric Plasma Synergize to Trigger Distinct Cell Death Mechanisms and Immunogenic Responses in Glioblastoma			Type	A1 Journal Article;oxidative stress
	Year	2021	Publication	Cells	Abbreviated Journal	Cells
	Volume	10	Issue	11	Pages	2936
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article;oxidative stress; auranofin; cold atmospheric plasma; glioblastoma; cancer cell death; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	Targeting the redox balance of malignant cells via the delivery of high oxidative stress unlocks a potential therapeutic strategy against glioblastoma (GBM). We investigated a novel reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing combination treatment strategy, by increasing exogenous ROS via cold atmospheric plasma and inhibiting the endogenous protective antioxidant system via auranofin (AF), a thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR) inhibitor. The sequential combination treatment of AF and cold atmospheric plasma-treated PBS (pPBS), or AF and direct plasma application, resulted in a synergistic response in 2D and 3D GBM cell cultures, respectively. Differences in the baseline protein levels related to the antioxidant systems explained the cell-line-dependent sensitivity towards the combination treatment. The highest decrease of TrxR activity and GSH levels was observed after combination treatment of AF and pPBS when compared to AF and pPBS monotherapies. This combination also led to the highest accumulation of intracellular ROS. We confirmed a ROS-mediated response to the combination of AF and pPBS, which was able to induce distinct cell death mechanisms. On the one hand, an increase in caspase-3/7 activity, with an increase in the proportion of annexin V positive cells, indicates the induction of apoptosis in the GBM cells. On the other hand, lipid peroxidation and inhibition of cell death through an iron chelator suggest the involvement of ferroptosis in the GBM cell lines. Both cell death mechanisms induced by the combination of AF and pPBS resulted in a significant increase in danger signals (ecto-calreticulin, ATP and HMGB1) and dendritic cell maturation, indicating a potential increase in immunogenicity, although the phagocytotic capacity of dendritic cells was inhibited by AF. In vivo, sequential combination treatment of AF and cold atmospheric plasma both reduced tumor growth kinetics and prolonged survival in GBM-bearing mice. Thus, our study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for GBM to enhance the efficacy of oxidative stress-inducing therapy through a combination of AF and cold atmospheric plasma.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000807134000001	Publication Date	2021-10-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2073-4409	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Olivia Hendrickx Research Fund, 21OCL06 ; University of Antwerp, FFB160231 ; The authors would express their gratitude to Hans de Reu for technical assistance with flow cytometry.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:182915			Serial	6826
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	Author	Bahnamiri, O.S.; Verheyen, C.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A.; Britun, N.
	Title	Nitrogen fixation in pulsed microwave discharge studied by infrared absorption combined with modelling			Type	A1 Journal Article;nitrogen fixation
	Year	2021	Publication	Plasma Sources Science & Technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	30	Issue	6	Pages	065007
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article;nitrogen fixation; pulsed microwave discharge; FTIR spectroscopy; discharge modelling; vibrational excitation; NO yield; energy cost; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	A pulsed microwave surfaguide discharge operating at 2.45 GHz was used for the conversion of molecular nitrogen into valuable compounds in several gas mixtures: N2 :O2 , N2 :O2 :CO2 and N2 :CO2 . The ro-vibrational absorption bands of the molecular species were monitored by a Fourier transform infrared apparatus in the post-discharge region in order to evaluate the relative number density of species, specifically NO production. The effects of specific energy input, pulse frequency, gas flow fraction, gas admixture and gas flow rate were studied for better understanding and optimization of the NO production yield and the corresponding energy cost (EC). By both the experiment and modelling, a highest NO yield is obtained at N2 :O2 (1:1) gas ratio in N2 :O2 mixture. The NO yield reveals a small growth followed by saturation when pulse repetition frequency increases. The energy efficiency start decreasing after the energy input reaches about 5 eV/molec, whereas the NO yield rises steadily at the same time. The lowest EC of about 8 MJ mol−1 corresponding to the yield and the energy efficiency of about 7% and 1% are found, respectively, in an optimum discharge condition in our case.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000659671000001	Publication Date	2021-06-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique—FNRS, EOS O005118F ; The research is supported by the FNRS-FWO project ‘NITROPLASM’, EOS O005118F. O Samadi also acknowledges PhD student F Manaigo for cooperation in doing the additional measurements.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:179170			Serial	6798
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	Author	Yi, Y.; Li, S.; Cui, Z.; Hao, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, L.; Liu, P.; Tu, X.; Xu, X.; Guo, H.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Selective oxidation of CH4 to CH3OH through plasma catalysis: Insights from catalyst characterization and chemical kinetics modelling			Type	A1 Journal Article;Methane conversion
	Year	2021	Publication	Applied Catalysis B-Environmental	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal B-Environ
	Volume	296	Issue		Pages	120384
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article;Methane conversion; Plasma catalysis; Selective oxidation; Methanol synthesis; Plasma chemistry; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	The selective oxidation of methane to methanol (SOMTM) by molecular oxygen is a holy grail in catalytic chemistry and remains a challenge in chemical industry. We perform SOMTM in a CH4/O2 plasma, at low temperature and atmospheric pressure, promoted by Ni-based catalysts, reaching 81 % liquid oxygenates selectivity and 50 % CH3OH selectivity, with an excellent catalytic stability. Chemical kinetics modelling shows that CH3OH in the plasma is mainly produced through radical reactions, i.e., CH4 + O(1D) → CH3O + H, followed by CH3O + H + M→ CH3OH + M and CH3O + HCO → CH3OH + CO. The catalyst characterization shows that the improved production of CH3OH is attributed to abundant chemisorbed oxygen species, originating from highly dispersed NiO phase with strong oxide support interaction with γ-Al2O3, which are capable of promoting CH3OH formation through E-R reactions and activating H2O molecules to facilitate CH3OH desorption.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000706860000003	Publication Date	2021-05-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0926-3373	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.446	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	National Natural Science Foundation of China; PetroChina Innovation Foundation; We acknowledge financial support from the PetroChina Innovation Foundation [grant ID: 2018D-5007-0501], the Young Star Project of Dalian Science and Technology Bureau [grant ID: 2019RQ042], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant ID: 21503032] and the TOP research project of the Research Fund of the University of Antwerp [grant ID: 32249].			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.446
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:178816			Serial	6793
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	Author	Bollen, E.; Pagan, B.R.; Kuijpers, B.; Van Hoey, S.; Desmet, N.; Hendrix, R.; Dams, J.; Seuntjens, P.
	Title	A database system for querying of river networks : facilitating monitoring and prediction applications			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Water Science And Technology-Water Supply	Abbreviated Journal	Water Sci Tech-W Sup
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	The increasing availability of real-time in situ measurements and remote sensing observations have the potential to contribute to the optimization of water resources management. Global challenges such as climate change, intensive agriculture and urbanization put a high pressure on our water resources. Due to recent innovations in measuring both water quantity and quality, river systems can now be monitored in real time at an unprecedented spatial and temporal scale. To interpret the sensor measurements and remote sensing observations additional data for example on: the location of the measurement, upstream and downstream catchment characteristics, horizontal ellipsis are required. In this paper, we present a data management system to support flow-path related functionality for decision making and prediction modelling. Adding meta data sets and facilitating (near) real-time processing of sensor data questions are key concepts for the systems. The potential of the database framework for hydrological applications is demonstrated using different applications for the river system of Flanders. In one, the database framework is used to simulate the daily discharge for each segment within a catchment using a simple data-driven approach. The presented system is useful for numerous applications including pollution tracking, alerting and inter-sensor validation in river systems, or related networks.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000729755100001	Publication Date	2021-12-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1606-9749	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	0.573	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 0.573
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:184814			Serial	7387
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	Author	Firmansyah, I.; Carsjens, G.J.; de Ruijter, F.J.; Zeeman, G.; Spiller, M.
	Title	An integrated assessment of environmental, economic, social and technological parameters of source separated and conventional sanitation concepts : a contribution to sustainability analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Journal Of Environmental Management	Abbreviated Journal	J Environ Manage
	Volume	295	Issue		Pages	113131
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Resource recovery and reuse from domestic wastewater has become an important subject for the current development of sanitation technologies and infrastructures. Different technologies are available and combined into sanitation concepts, with different performances. This study provides a methodological approach to evaluate the sustainability of these sanitation concepts with focus on resource recovery and reuse. St. Eustatius, a small tropical island in the Caribbean, was used as a case study for the evaluation. Three source separation-communityon-site and two combined sewerage island-scale concepts were selected and compared in terms of environmental (net energy use, nutrient recovery/reuse, BOD/COD, pathogens, and GHG emission, land use), economic (CAPEX and OPEX), social cultural (acceptance, required competences and education), and technological (flexibility/ adaptability, reliability/continuity of service) indicators. The best performing concept, is the application of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Bed (UASB) and Trickling Filter (TF) at island level for combined domestic wastewater treatment with subsequent reuse in agriculture. Its overall average normalised score across the four categories (i. e., average of average per category) is about 15% (0.85) higher than the values of the remaining systems and with a score of 0.73 (conventional activated sludge – centralised level), 0.77 (UASB-septic tank (ST)), 0.76 (UASB-TF – community level), and 0.75 (ST – household level). The higher score of the UASB-TF at community level is mainly due to much better performance in the environmental and economic categories. In conclusion, the case study provides a methodological approach that can support urban planning and decision-making in selecting more sustainable sanitation concepts, allowing resource recovery and reuse in small island context or in other contexts.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000681105800003	Publication Date	2021-06-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0301-4797	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.01	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.01
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:180488			Serial	7437
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	Author	Shi, P.; Yu, K.; Niinemets, Ü.; Gielis, J.
	Title	Can leaf shape be represented by the ratio of leaf width to length? Evidence from nine species of Magnolia and Michelia (Magnoliaceae)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Forests	Abbreviated Journal	Forests
	Volume	12	Issue	1	Pages	41
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Leaf shape is closely related to economics of leaf support and leaf functions, including light interception, water use, and CO2 uptake, so correct quantification of leaf shape is helpful for studies of leaf structure/function relationships. There are some extant indices for quantifying leaf shape, including the leaf width/length ratio (W/L), leaf shape fractal dimension (FD), leaf dissection index, leaf roundness index, standardized bilateral symmetrical index, etc. W/L ratio is the simplest to calculate, and recent studies have shown the importance of the W/L ratio in explaining the scaling exponent of leaf dry mass vs. leaf surface area and that of leaf surface area vs. leaf length. Nevertheless, whether the W/L ratio could reflect sufficient geometrical information of leaf shape has been not tested. The FD might be the most accurate measure for the complexity of leaf shape because it can characterize the extent of the self-similarity and other planar geometrical features of leaf shape. However, it is unknown how strongly different indices of leaf shape complexity correlate with each other, especially whether W/L ratio and FD are highly correlated. In this study, the leaves of nine Magnoliaceae species (>140 leaves for each species) were chosen for the study. We calculated the FD value for each leaf using the box-counting approach, and measured leaf fresh mass, surface area, perimeter, length, and width. We found that FD is significantly correlated to the W/L ratio and leaf length. However, the correlation between FD and the W/L ratio was far stronger than that between FD and leaf length for each of the nine species. There were no strong correlations between FD and other leaf characteristics, including leaf area, ratio of leaf perimeter to area, fresh mass, ratio of leaf fresh mass to area, and leaf roundness index. Given the strong correlation between FD and W/L, we suggest that the simpler index, W/L ratio, can provide sufficient information of leaf shape for similarly-shaped leaves. Future studies are needed to characterize the relationships among FD and W/L in leaves with strongly varying shape, e.g., in highly dissected leaves.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000611074700001	Publication Date	2020-12-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1999-4907	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.951	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.951
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:174473			Serial	7572
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	Author	Navare, K.; Muys, B.; Vrancken, K.C.; Van Acker, K.
	Title	Circular economy monitoring – How to make it apt for biological cycles?			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Resources Conservation And Recycling	Abbreviated Journal	Resour Conserv Recy
	Volume	170	Issue		Pages	105563
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Circular economy (CE) principles distinguish between technical and biological cycles. Technical cycles involve the management of stocks of non-renewable abiotic resources that cannot be appropriately returned to the biosphere, whereas, biological cycles involve the flows of renewable biotic resources that can safely cycle in and out of the biosphere. Despite this distinction, existing CE monitors are typically developed for technical cycles, and focus mainly on the extent to which resources are looped back in the technosphere. These monitors seem less apt to assess the circularity of biological cycles. This study aims to identify this gap by critically reviewing the CE monitoring criteria and CE assessment tools, and evaluate if they include the four key characteristics of biological cycles. Firstly, biotic resources, although renewable, require to be harvested sustainably. Secondly, while abiotic resources can be restored and recycled to their original quality, biotic resources degrade in quality with every subsequent use and are, hence, cascaded in use. Thirdly, biotic resources should safely return as nutrients to the biosphere to support the regeneration of ecosystems. Fourthly, biological cycles have environmental impacts due to resource extraction, resulting from land-use and resource-depletion and biogenic carbon flows. The CE monitoring criteria lack in thoroughly assessing these characteristics. With the growing demand for biotic resources, the gap in the assessment could exacerbate the overexploitation of natural resources and cause the degradation of ecosystems. The study discusses measures to bridge this gap and suggests ways to design a CE assessment framework that is also apt for biological cycles.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000667309200009	Publication Date	2021-03-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-3449	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.313	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.313
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:191685			Serial	7666
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	Author	De Paepe, J.; Clauwaert, P.; Gritti, M.C.; Ganigue, R.; Sas, B.; Vlaeminck, S.E.; Rabaey, K.
	Title	Electrochemical in situ pH control enables chemical-free full urine nitrification with concomitant nitrate extraction			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Environmental Science & Technology	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Technol
	Volume	55	Issue	12	Pages	8287-8298
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Urine is a valuable resource for nutrient recovery. Stabilization is, however, recommended to prevent urea hydrolysis and the associated risk for ammonia volatilization, uncontrolled precipitation, and malodor. This can be achieved by alkalinization and subsequent biological conversion of urea and ammonia into nitrate (nitrification) and organics into CO2. Yet, without pH control, the extent of nitrification is limited as a result of insufficient alkalinity. This study explored the feasibility of an integrated electrochemical cell to obtain on-demand hydroxide production through water reduction at the cathode, compensating for the acidification caused by nitritation, thereby enabling full nitrification. To deal with the inherent variability of the urine influent composition and bioprocess, the electrochemical cell was steered via a controller, modulating the current based on the pH in the bioreactor. This provided a reliable and innovative alternative to base addition, enabling full nitrification while avoiding the use of chemicals, the logistics associated with base storage and dosing, and the associated increase in salinity. Moreover, the electrochemical cell could be used as an in situ extraction and concentration technology, yielding an acidic concentrated nitrate-rich stream. The make-up of the end product could be tailored by tweaking the process configuration, offering versatility for applications on Earth and in space.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000663939900052	Publication Date	2021-06-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936x; 1520-5851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.198	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.198
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:179779			Serial	7862
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Chapman, D.; Gielis, J.
	Title	Gielis transformations for the audiovisual geometry database			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Symmetry : culture and science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	32	Issue	2	Pages	177-180
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	This publication introduces the audiovisual geometry database with Gielis transformations as initial records for a prototype of the database. A concise overview is given of the rationale behind the database and studying wave phenomena with Gielis transformations. First results on a form of timbral polyphony observed in Gielis curves and future work are briefly discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2021-07-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0865-4824	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:180965			Serial	8004
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	Author	Gielis, J.; Ricci, P.E.; Tavkhelidze, I.
	Title	The Möbius phenomenon in Generalized Möbius-Listing surfaces and bodies, and Arnold's Cat phenomenon			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Advanced Studies : Euro-Tbilisi Mathematical Journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	14	Issue	4	Pages	17-35
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Möbius bands have been studied extensively, mainly in topology. Generalized Möbius-Listing surfaces and bodies providing a full geometrical generalization, is a quite new field, motivated originally by solutions of boundary value problems. Analogous to cutting of the original Möbius band, for this class of surfaces and bodies, results have been obtained when cutting such bodies or surfaces. In general, cutting leads to interlinked and intertwined different surfaces or bodies, resulting in very complex systems. However, under certain conditions, the result of cutting can be a single surface or body, which reduces complexity considerably. Our research is motivated by this reduction of complexity. In the study of cutting Generalized Möbius-Listing bodies with polygons as cross section, the conditions under which a single body results, displaying the Möbius phenomenon of a one-sided body, have been determined for even and odd polygons. These conditions are based on congruence and rotational symmetry of the resulting cross sections after cutting, and on the knife cutting the origin. The Möbius phenomenon is important, since the process of cutting (or separation of zones in a GML body in general) then results in a single body, not in different, intertwined domains. In all previous works it was assumed that the cross section of the GML bodies is constant, but the main result of this paper is that it is sufficient that only one cross section on the whole GML structure meets the conditions for the Möbius phenomenon to occur. Several examples are given to illustrate this.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000774655100002	Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:183081			Serial	8258
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	Author	Alloul, A.; Cerruti, M.; Adamczyk, D.; Weissbrodt, D.G.; Vlaeminck, S.E.
	Title	Operational strategies to selectively produce purple bacteria for microbial protein in raceway reactors			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Environmental Science & Technology	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Technol
	Volume	55	Issue	12	Pages	8278-8286
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) show potential for microbial protein production on wastewater as animal feed. They offer good selectivity (i.e., low microbial diversity and high abundance of one species) when grown anaerobically in the light. However, the cost of closed anaerobic photobioreactors is prohibitive for protein production. Although open raceway reactors are cheaper, their feasibility to selectively grow PNSB is thus far unexplored. This study developed operational strategies to boost PNSB abundance in the biomass of a raceway reactor fed with volatile fatty acids. For a flask reactor run at a 2 day sludge retention time (SRT), matching the chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate to the removal rate in the light period prevented substrate availability during the dark period and increased the PNSB abundance from 50-67 to 88-94%. A raceway reactor run at a 2 day SRT showed an increased PNSB abundance from 14 to 56% when oxygen supply was reduced (no stirring at night). The best performance was achieved at the highest surface-to-volume ratio (10 m(2) m(-3) increased light availability) showing productivities up to 0.2 g protein L-1 day(-1) and a PNSB abundance of 78%. This study pioneered in PNSB-based microbial protein production in raceway reactors, yielding high selectivity while avoiding the combined availability of oxygen, COD, and darkness.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000663939900051	Publication Date	2021-06-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936x; 1520-5851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.198	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.198
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:179768			Serial	8334
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Gielis, J.
	Title	Phi-bonacci in Ancient Greece			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Symmetry : culture and science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	32	Issue	1	Pages	25-40
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Fibonacci numbers are a very popular subject in mathematics, culture and science. A major open question is why the ancient Greeks overlooked this series, while they were very familiar with the golden mean and division in extreme and mean ratio. Furthermore, they could compute the square root of five to a high degree of precision using Theon 's ladder. This fact is based on tables built with side and diagonal numbers, and it is a simple and incredibly efficient method to compute roots of integers, though it is little known even now among most of the experts. The biologist D 'Arcy Wentworth Thompson showed that the same method could be used to generate the Fibonacci series using a simple shift in the computation of the tables. He argues, quite convincingly, that the ancient Greeks could not have overlooked this. Actually, the same method can be used to generate all possible regular phyllotaxis patterns.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000643822700002	Publication Date	2021-03-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0865-4824	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:178322			Serial	8376
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Parchomenko, A.; Nelen, D.; Gillabel, J.; Vrancken, K.C.M.; Rechberger, H.
	Title	Resource effectiveness of the European automotive sector : a statistical entropy analysis over time			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Resources Conservation And Recycling	Abbreviated Journal	Resour Conserv Recy
	Volume	169	Issue		Pages	105558
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	The European automotive sector is faced with potentially disruptive challenges. In particular, the projected increase in the share of electric vehicles (EVs) and calls to prepare for the implementation of more circular economy (CE) strategies are increasingly demanding systemic adaptations. Given the goals of the CE, the adaptations should enable a maximal preservation of the function and value of products (e.g. extension of lifetime), components (e.g. reuse of parts) and materials (e.g., material recycling), thus saving on the energy, materials and effort that would be required to restore the lost functionalities. In this context, statistical entropy analysis (SEA) is proposed as a methodology to assess the effort needed for preserving and restoring functionality at different product, component and material life cycle stages. Effort is measured as changes in statistical entropy that are caused by concentration and dilution activities in the production – consumption – End-of-Life (EoL) system. SEA was applied to a generic model of the European automotive system, in combination with a stock-driven model and a material flow analysis (MFA), allowing statistical entropy changes to be projected over time. The paper demonstrates how SEA can facilitate decision making on the transition towards a more circular economy by quantifying the effects of particular CE strategies and their combinations. The results show that without any additional system adaptations, an increasing share of EVs towards the year 2050 will lead to substantially increased effort in production as well as end-of-life vehicle treatment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000657320800074	Publication Date	2021-03-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-3449	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.313	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.313
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:179770			Serial	8475
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	Author	Gielis, J.; Brasili, S.
	Title	The apeirogon and dual numbers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Symmetry : culture and science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	32	Issue	2	Pages	157-160
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	The richness, diversity, connection, depth and pleasure of studying symmetry continue to open doors. Here we report a connection between Coxeter's Apeirogon and the geometry associated with pictorial space, parabolic rotation and dual numbers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000670122100011	Publication Date	2021-07-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0865-4824	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:179759			Serial	8652
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	Author	Agrawal, S.; Weissbrodt, D.G.; Annavajhala, M.; Jensen, M.M.; Arroyo, J.M.C.; Wells, G.; Chandran, K.; Vlaeminck, S.E.; Terada, A.; Smets, B.F.; Lackner, S.
	Title	Time to act–assessing variations in qPCR analyses in biological nitrogen removal with examples from partial nitritation/anammox systems			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Water Research	Abbreviated Journal	Water Res
	Volume	190	Issue		Pages	116604
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Quantitative PCR (qPCR) is broadly used as the gold standard to quantify microbial community fractions in environmental microbiology and biotechnology. Benchmarking efforts to ensure the comparability of qPCR data for environmental bioprocesses are still scarce. Also, for partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) systems systematic investigations are still missing, rendering meta-analysis of reported trends and generic insights potentially precarious. We report a baseline investigation of the variability of qPCR-based analyses for microbial communities applied to PN/A systems. Round-robin testing was performed for three PN/A biomass samples in six laboratories, using the respective in-house DNA extraction and qPCR protocols. The concentration of extracted DNA was significantly different between labs, ranged between 2.7 and 328 ng mg−1 wet biomass. The variability among the qPCR abundance data of different labs was very high (1−7 log fold) but differed for different target microbial guilds. DNA extraction caused maximum variation (3–7 log fold), followed by the primers (1–3 log fold). These insights will guide environmental scientists and engineers as well as treatment plant operators in the interpretation of qPCR data.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000632807700001	Publication Date	2020-11-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0043-1354; 1879-2448	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.942	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.942
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:173838			Serial	8672
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	Author	Oliveira, M.C.; Yusupov, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Cordeiro, R.M.
	Title	Lipid Oxidation: Role of Membrane Phase-Separated Domains			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Journal Of Chemical Information And Modeling	Abbreviated Journal	J Chem Inf Model
	Volume	61	Issue	6	Pages	2857-2868
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	Lipid oxidation is associated with several inﬂammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, but many questions to unravel its eﬀects on biomembranes are still open due to the complexity of the topic. For instance, recent studies indicated that phase-separated domains can have a signiﬁcant eﬀect on membrane function. It is reported that domain interfaces are “hot spots” for pore formation, but the underlying mechanisms and the eﬀect of oxidation-induced phase separation on membranes remain elusive. Thus, to evaluate the permeability of the membrane coexisting of liquid-ordered (Lo) and liquid-disordered (Ld) domains, we performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. Speciﬁcally, we studied the membrane permeability of nonoxidized or oxidized homogeneous membranes (single-phase) and at the Lo/Ld domain interfaces of heterogeneous membranes, where the Ld domain is composed of either oxidized or nonoxidized lipids. Our simulation results reveal that the addition of only 1.5% of lipid aldehyde molecules at the Lo/Ld domain interfaces of heterogeneous membranes increases the membrane permeability, whereas their addition at homogeneous membranes does not have any eﬀect. This study is of interest for a better understanding of cancer treatment methods based on oxidative stress (causing among others lipid oxidation), such as plasma medicine and photodynamic therapy.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000669541400034	Publication Date	2021-06-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1549-9596	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.76	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 1200219N ; CoordenaÃ§Ã£o de AperfeiÃ§oamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior; We thank Universidade Federal do ABC for providing the computational resources needed for completion of this work and CAPES for the scholarship granted. M.Y. acknowledges the Flanders Research Foundation (grant 1200219N) for ﬁnancial support.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.76
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:179766			Serial	6806
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	Author	Vanraes, P.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	The essential role of the plasma sheath in plasma–liquid interaction and its applications—A perspective			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Journal Of Applied Physics	Abbreviated Journal	J Appl Phys
	Volume	129	Issue	22	Pages	220901
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	Based on the current knowledge, a plasma–liquid interface looks and behaves very differently from its counterpart at a solid surface. Local processes characteristic to most liquids include a stronger evaporation, surface deformations, droplet ejection, possibly distinct mechanisms behind secondary electron emission, the formation of an electric double layer, and an ion drift-mediated liquid resistivity. All of them can strongly influence the interfacial charge distribution. Accordingly, the plasma sheath at a liquid surface is most likely unique in its own way, both with respect to its structure and behavior. However, insights into these properties are still rather scarce or uncertain, and more studies are required to further disclose them. In this Perspective, we argue why more research on the plasma sheath is not only recommended but also crucial to an accurate understanding of the plasma–liquid interaction. First, we analyze how the sheath regulates various elementary processes at the plasma–liquid interface, in terms of the electrical coupling, the bidirectional mass transport, and the chemistry between plasma and liquid phase. Next, these three regulatory functions of the sheath are illustrated for concrete applications. Regarding the electrical coupling, a great deal of attention is paid to the penetration of fields into biological systems due to their relevance for plasma medicine, plasma agriculture, and food processing. Furthermore, we illuminate the role of the sheath in nuclear fusion, nanomaterial synthesis, and chemical applications. As such, we hope to motivate the plasma community for more fundamental research on plasma sheaths at liquid surfaces.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000681700000013	Publication Date	2021-06-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8979	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.068	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	P.V. thanks Dr. Angela Privat Maldonado (University of Antwerp) for the fruitful discussions on Sec. III and Professor Mark J. Kushner (University of Michigan) for the interesting discussion on Ref. 198.			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.068
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:178814			Serial	6794
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	Author	Shaw, P.; Kumar, N.; Mumtaz, S.; Lim, J.S.; Jang, J.H.; Kim, D.; Sahu, B.D.; Bogaerts, A.; Choi, E.H.
	Title	Evaluation of non-thermal effect of microwave radiation and its mode of action in bacterial cell inactivation			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Scientific Reports	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Rep-Uk
	Volume	11	Issue	1	Pages	14003
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	A growing body of literature has recognized the non-thermal effect of pulsed microwave radiation (PMR) on bacterial systems. However, its mode of action in deactivating bacteria has not yet been extensively investigated. Nevertheless, it is highly important to advance the applications of PMR from simple to complex biological systems. In this study, we first optimized the conditions of the PMR device and we assessed the results by simulations, using ANSYS HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) and a 3D particle-in-cell code for the electron behavior, to provide a better overview of the bacterial cell exposure to microwave radiation. To determine the sensitivity of PMR,<italic>Escherichia coli</italic> and<italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>cultures were exposed to PMR (pulse duration: 60 ns, peak frequency: 3.5 GHz) with power density of 17 kW/cm<sup>2</sup>at the free space of sample position, which would induce electric field of 8.0 kV/cm inside the PBS solution of falcon tube in this experiment at 25 °C. At various discharges (D) of microwaves, the colony forming unit curves were analyzed. The highest ratios of viable count reductions were observed when the doses were increased from 20D to 80D, which resulted in an approximate 6 log reduction in <italic>E. coli</italic>and 4 log reduction in<italic>S. aureus.</italic>Moreover, scanning electron microscopy also revealed surface damage in both bacterial strains after PMR exposure. The bacterial inactivation was attributed to the deactivation of oxidation-regulating genes and DNA damage.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000674547300011	Publication Date	2021-07-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2045-2322	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.259	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India, D.O.NO.BT/HRD/35/02/2006 ; National Research Foundation of Korea, NRF-2016K1A4A3914113 ; This research was supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea, funded by the Korean government (MSIT) under the Grant Number NRF-2016K1A4A3914113, and in part by Kwangwoon University, Seoul, Korea, 2021. We also gratefully acknowledge the financial support obtained from Department of Biotechnology (DBT) Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship, India, Grant Number D.O.NO.BT/HRD/35/02/2006.			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.259
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:179844			Serial	6800
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	Author	Pietanza, L.D.; Guaitella, O.; Aquilanti, V.; Armenise, I.; Bogaerts, A.; Capitelli, M.; Colonna, G.; Guerra, V.; Engeln, R.; Kustova, E.; Lombardi, A.; Palazzetti, F.; Silva, T.
	Title	Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	European Physical Journal D	Abbreviated Journal	Eur Phys J D
	Volume	75	Issue	9	Pages	237
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	Numerous applications have required the study of CO2 plasmas since the 1960s, from CO2 lasers to spacecraft heat shields. However, in recent years, intense research activities on the subject have restarted because of environmental problems associated with CO2 emissions. The present review provides a synthesis of the current state of knowledge on the physical chemistry of cold CO2 plasmas. In particular, the diﬀerent modeling approaches implemented to address speciﬁc aspects of CO2 plasmas are presented. Throughout the paper, the importance of conducting joint experimental, theoretical and modeling studies to elucidate the complex couplings at play in CO2 plasmas is emphasized. Therefore, the experimental data that are likely to bring relevant constraints to the diﬀerent modeling approaches are ﬁrst reviewed. Second, the calculation of some key elementary processes obtained with semi-empirical, classical and quantum methods is presented. In order to describe the electron kinetics, the latest coherent sets of cross section satisfying the constraints of “electron swarm” analyses are introduced, and the need for self-consistent calculations for determining accurate electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is evidenced. The main ﬁndings of the latest zero-dimensional (0D) global models about the complex chemistry of CO2 and its dissociation products in diﬀerent plasma discharges are then given, and full state-to-state (STS) models of only the vibrational-dissociation kinetics developed for studies of spacecraft shields are described. Finally, two important points for all applications using CO2 containing plasma are discussed: the role of surfaces in contact with the plasma, and the need for 2D/3D models to capture the main features of complex reactor geometries including eﬀects induced by ﬂuid dynamics on the plasma properties. In addition to bringing together the latest advances in the description of CO2 non-equilibrium plasmas, the results presented here also highlight the fundamental data that are still missing and the possible routes that still need to be investigated.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000692394800001	Publication Date	2021-09-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1434-6060	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.288	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Russian Science Foundation, project 19-11-00041 ; Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, grant agreement 813393 grant agreement 813393 ; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, grant agreement 813393 grant agreement 813393 ; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, UIDB/50010/2020 and UIDP/50010/2020 UIDB/50010/2020 and UIDP/50010/2020 ; Università degli Studi di Perugia, AMIS project (Dipartimenti di Eccellenza-2018-2022) Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie (Fondo Ricerca di Base 2019 program)) ; agenzia spaziale italiana, ASI N. 2019-3-U.0 ; The work of Kustova is supported by the Russian Science Foundation, project 19-11-00041. The work of Guerra, Bogaerts, Engeln and Guaitella has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie SklodowskaCurie grant agreement No 813393, Guerra and Silva were partially funded by the Portuguese FCT – Fundação para			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.288
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:181081			Serial	6809
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	Author	Vanraes, P.; Parayil Venugopalan, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Multiscale modeling of plasma–surface interaction—General picture and a case study of Si and SiO₂etching by fluorocarbon-based plasmas			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Applied Physics Reviews	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Rev
	Volume	8	Issue	4	Pages	041305
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	The physics and chemistry of plasma–surface interaction is a broad domain relevant to various applications and several natural processes, including plasma etching for microelectronics fabrication, plasma deposition, surface functionalization, nanomaterial synthesis, fusion reactors, and some astrophysical and meteorological phenomena. Due to their complex nature, each of these processes is generally investigated in separate subdomains, which are considered to have their own theoretical, modeling, and experimental challenges. In this review, however, we want to emphasize the overarching nature of plasma–surface interaction physics and chemistry, by focusing on the general strategy for its computational simulation. In the ﬁrst half of the review, we provide a menu card with standard and less standardized computational methods to be used for the multiscale modeling of the underlying processes. In the second half, we illustrate the beneﬁts and potential of the multiscale modeling strategy with a case study of Si and SiO2 etching by ﬂuorocarbon plasmas and identify the gaps in knowledge still present on this intensely investigated plasma–material combination, both on a qualitative and quantitative level. Remarkably, the dominant etching mechanisms remain the least understood. The resulting new insights are of general relevance, for all plasmas and materials, including their various applications. We therefore hope to motivate computational and experimental scientists and engineers to collaborate more intensely on ﬁlling the existing gaps in knowledge. In this way, we expect that research will overcome a bottleneck stage in the development and optimization of multiscale models, and thus the fundamental understanding of plasma–surface interaction.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000754799700001	Publication Date	2021-10-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1931-9401	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.667	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Asml; P. Vanraes acknowledges funding by ASML for the project “Computational simulation of plasma etching of trench structures.” P. Vanraes wishes to thank Violeta Georgieva and Stefan Tinck for the fruitful discussions on the HPEM code, Yu-Ru Zhang for an example of the CCP reactor code, and Karel Venken for his technical help with the server maintenance and use. P. Vanraes and A. Bogaerts want to express their gratitude to Mark J. Kushner (University of Michigan) for the sharing of the HPEM and MCFPM codes and for the interesting exchange of views. S. P. Venugopalan wishes to thank Sander Wuister, Coen Verschuren, Michael Kubis, Mohammad Kamali,			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.667
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:183287			Serial	6814
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	Author	Bruggeman, P.J.; Bogaerts, A.; Pouvesle, J.M.; Robert, E.; Szili, E.J.
	Title	Plasma–liquid interactions			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Journal Of Applied Physics	Abbreviated Journal	J Appl Phys
	Volume	130	Issue	20	Pages	200401
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2021-11-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8979	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor	2.068	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.068
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:184245			Serial	6830
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	Author	Kelly, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Nitrogen fixation in an electrode-free microwave plasma			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Joule	Abbreviated Journal	Joule
	Volume	5	Issue	11	Pages	3006-3030
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	Plasma-based gas conversion has great potential for enabling carbon-free fertilizer production powered by renewable electricity. Sustaining an energy-efficient plasma process without eroding the containment vessel is currently a significant challenge, limiting scaling to higher powers and throughputs. Isolation of the plasma from contact with any solid surfaces is an advantage, which both limits energy loss to the walls and prevents material erosion that could lead to disastrous soil contamination. This paper presents highly energy-efficient nitrogen fixation from air into NOx by microwave plasma, with the plasma filament isolated at the center of a quartz tube using a vortex gas flow. NOx production is found to scale very efficiently when increasing both gas flow rate and absorbed power. The lowest energy cost recorded of ~2 MJ/mol, for a total NOx production of ~3.8%, is the lowest reported up to now for atmospheric pressure plasmas.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000723010700018	Publication Date	2021-10-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2542-4351	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We acknowledge financial support by the European Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship ‘‘PENFIX’’ within Horizon 2020 (grant no. 838181), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Centre VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. We thank Dr. Waldo Bongers and Dr. Floran Peeters of the DIFFER institute for their help and advice in the initial phase of the project, as well as Mr. Luc van‘t Dack, Dr. Karen Leyssens and Ing. Karel Venken for their technical assistance. We thank Dr. Klaus Werner, executive director of the RF Energy Alliance, for his extensive expertise and helpful discourse regarding solid-state MW technology.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:184250			Serial	6835
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	Author	Gorbanev, Y.; Engelmann, Y.; van’t Veer, K.; Vlasov, E.; Ndayirinde, C.; Yi, Y.; Bals, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Al2O3-Supported Transition Metals for Plasma-Catalytic NH3 Synthesis in a DBD Plasma: Metal Activity and Insights into Mechanisms			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Catalysts	Abbreviated Journal	Catalysts
	Volume	11	Issue	10	Pages	1230
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Movement Antwerp (MOVANT)
	Abstract	N2 fixation into NH3 is one of the main processes in the chemical industry. Plasma catalysis is among the environmentally friendly alternatives to the industrial energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process. However, many questions remain open, such as the applicability of the conventional catalytic knowledge to plasma. In this work, we studied the performance of Al2O3-supported Fe, Ru, Co and Cu catalysts in plasma-catalytic NH3 synthesis in a DBD reactor. We investigated the effects of different active metals, and different ratios of the feed gas components, on the concentration and production rate of NH3, and the energy consumption of the plasma system. The results show that the trend of the metal activity (common for thermal catalysis) does not appear in the case of plasma catalysis: here, all metals exhibited similar performance. These findings are in good agreement with our recently published microkinetic model. This highlights the virtual independence of NH3 production on the metal catalyst material, thus validating the model and indicating the potential contribution of radical adsorption and Eley-Rideal reactions to the plasma-catalytic mechanism of NH3 synthesis.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000715656300001	Publication Date	2021-10-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2073-4344	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.082	Times cited	19	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Catalisti, Moonshot P2C ; Research Foundation – Flanders, GoF9618n ; European Research Council, 810182 SCOPE 815128 REALNANO ; sygmaSB			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.082
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:183279			Serial	6815
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	Author	Lin, A.; Razzokov, J.; Verswyvel, H.; Privat-Maldonado, A.; De Backer, J.; Yusupov, M.; Cardenas De La Hoz, E.; Ponsaerts, P.; Smits, E.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Oxidation of Innate Immune Checkpoint CD47 on Cancer Cells with Non-Thermal Plasma			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Cancers	Abbreviated Journal	Cancers
	Volume	13	Issue	3	Pages	579
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Laboratory for Experimental Hematology (LEH); Center for Oncological Research (CORE)
	Abstract	Non-thermal plasma (NTP) therapy has been emerging as a promising cancer treatment strategy, and recently, its ability to locally induce immunogenic cancer cell death is being unraveled. We hypothesized that the chemical species produced by NTP reduce immunosuppressive surface proteins and checkpoints that are overexpressed on cancerous cells. Here, 3D in vitro tumor models, an in vivo mouse model, and molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate the effect of NTP on CD47, a key innate immune checkpoint. CD47 is immediately modulated after NTP treatment and simulations reveal the potential oxidized salt-bridges responsible for conformational changes. Umbrella sampling simulations of CD47 with its receptor, signal-regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), demonstrate that the induced-conformational changes reduce its binding affinity. Taken together, this work provides new insight into fundamental, chemical NTP-cancer cell interaction mechanisms and a previously overlooked advantage of present NTP cancer therapy: reducing immunosuppressive signals on the surface of cancer cells.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000614960600001	Publication Date	2021-02-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2072-6694	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We thank Erik Fransen (University of Antwerp; Antwerp, Belgium) for his help and guidance on the statistical analysis.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:176455			Serial	6709
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	Author	Kumar, N.; Perez-Novo, C.; Shaw, P.; Logie, E.; Privat-Maldonado, A.; Dewilde, S.; Smits, E.; Berghe, W.V.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Physical plasma-derived oxidants sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to ferroptotic cell death			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Free Radical Biology And Medicine	Abbreviated Journal	Free Radical Bio Med
	Volume	166	Issue		Pages	187-200
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Center for Oncological Research (CORE)
	Abstract	Despite modern therapeutic advances, the survival prospects of pancreatic cancer patients remain poor, due to chemoresistance and dysregulated oncogenic kinase signaling networks. We applied a novel kinome activitymapping approach using biological peptide targets as phospho-sensors to identify vulnerable kinase dependencies for therapy sensitization by physical plasma. Ser/Thr-kinome specific activity changes were mapped upon induction of ferroptotic cell death in pancreatic tumor cells exposed to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species of plasma-treated water (PTW). This revealed a broad kinome activity response involving the CAMK, the AGC and CMGC family of kinases. This systems-level kinome network response supports stress adaptive switches between chemoresistant anti-oxidant responses of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1)/Heme Oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and ferroptotic cell death sensitization upon suppression of Nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) and Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). This is further supported by ex vivo experiments in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, showing decreased GPX4 and Glutathione (GSH) expression as well as increased lipid peroxidation, along with suppressed BxPC-3 tumor growth in response to PTW. Taken all together, we demonstrate that plasma treated water-derived oxidants sensitize pancreatic cancer cells to ferroptotic cell death by targeting a NRF2-HMOX1-GPX4 specific kinase signaling network.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000632703400001	Publication Date	2021-02-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0891-5849	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.606	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We gratefully acknowledge the financial support obtained from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Belgium, grant number 12J5617 N and Department of Biotechnology (DBT) Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship, India, grant number D.O.NO.BT/HRD/35/02/2006. We are thankful to the Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, for providing the facilities for the experimental and fluorescence microscopy work. The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the University of Antwerp, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI), Belgium. The Kinome profiling was performed at the Epigenetic Signaling service facility (PPES-UA) funded by the Hercules Foundation and Foundation against cancer Belgium (KOTK 7872).			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.606
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:176878			Serial	6711
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	Author	Shaw, P.; Kumar, N.; Privat-Maldonado, A.; Smits, E.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Cold Atmospheric Plasma Increases Temozolomide Sensitivity of Three-Dimensional Glioblastoma Spheroids via Oxidative Stress-Mediated DNA Damage			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Cancers	Abbreviated Journal	Cancers
	Volume	13	Issue	8	Pages	1780
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Center for Oncological Research (CORE)
	Abstract	Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Current standard radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) yield poor clinical outcome. This is due to the stem-like properties of tumor cells and genetic abnormalities in GBM, which contribute to resistance to TMZ and progression. In this study, we used cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to enhance the sensitivity to TMZ through inhibition of antioxidant signaling (linked to TMZ resistance). We demonstrate that CAP indeed enhances the cytotoxicity of TMZ by targeting the antioxidant specific glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) signaling. We optimized the threshold concentration of TMZ on five different GBM cell lines (U251, LN18, LN229, U87-MG and T98G). We combined TMZ with CAP and tested it on both TMZ-sensitive (U251, LN18 and LN229) and TMZ-resistant (U87-MG and T98G) cell lines using two-dimensional cell cultures. Subsequently, we used a three-dimensional spheroid model for the U251 (TMZ-sensitive) and U87-MG and T98G (TMZ-resistant) cells. The sensitivity of TMZ was enhanced, i.e., higher cytotoxicity and spheroid shrinkage was obtained when TMZ and CAP were administered together. We attribute the anticancer properties to the release of intracellular reactive oxygen species, through inhibiting the GSH/GPX4 antioxidant machinery, which can lead to DNA damage. Overall, our findings suggest that the combination of CAP with TMZ is a promising combination therapy to enhance the efficacy of TMZ towards the treatment of GBM spheroids.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000644001200001	Publication Date	2021-04-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2072-6694	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We thank the Department of Biomedical Sciences, and the Laboratory of Protein Science, Proteomics & Epigenetic Signalling, at the University of Antwerp, for providing the facilities for the cell experiments. We are also grateful to Peter Ponsaerts from the Laboratory of Experimental Haematology, at the University of Antwerp, for providing the fluorescence microscope.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:177779			Serial	6746
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	Author	Yusupov, M.; Privat-Maldonado, A.; Cordeiro, R.M.; Verswyvel, H.; Shaw, P.; Razzokov, J.; Smits, E.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Oxidative damage to hyaluronan–CD44 interactions as an underlying mechanism of action of oxidative stress-inducing cancer therapy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Redox Biology	Abbreviated Journal	Redox Biol
	Volume	43	Issue		Pages	101968
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Center for Oncological Research (CORE)
	Abstract	Multiple cancer therapies nowadays rely on oxidative stress to damage cancer cells. Here we investigated the biological and molecular effect of oxidative stress on the interaction between CD44 and hyaluronan (HA), as interrupting their binding can hinder cancer progression. Our experiments demonstrated that the oxidation of HA decreased its recognition by CD44, which was further enhanced when both CD44 and HA were oxidized. The reduction of CD44–HA binding negatively affected the proliferative state of cancer cells. Our multi-level atomistic simulations revealed that the binding free energy of HA to CD44 decreased upon oxidation. The effect of HA and CD44 oxidation on CD44–HA binding was similar, but when both HA and CD44 were oxidized, the effect was much larger, in agreement with our experiments. Hence, our experiments and computations support our hypothesis on the role of oxidation in the disturbance of CD44–HA interaction, which can lead to the inhibition of proliferative signaling pathways inside the tumor cell to induce cell death.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000657371800005	Publication Date	2021-04-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2213-2317	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.337	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fwo; The authors acknowledge the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the University of Antwerp (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UA, where all computational work was performed.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.337
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:177780			Serial	6750
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	Author	Khalilov, U.; Neyts, E.C.
	Title	Mechanisms of selective nanocarbon synthesis inside carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Carbon	Abbreviated Journal	Carbon
	Volume	171	Issue		Pages	72-78
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The possibility of conﬁnement effects inside a carbon nanotube provides new application opportunities, e.g., growth of novel carbon nanostructures. However, the understanding the precise role of catalystfeedstock in the nanostructure synthesis is still elusive. In our simulation-based study, we investigate the Ni-catalyzed growth mechanism of encapsulated carbon nanostructures, viz. double-wall carbon nanotube and graphene nanoribbon, from carbon and hydrocarbon growth precursors, respectively. Speciﬁcally, we ﬁnd that the tube and ribbon growth is determined by a catalyst-vs-feedstock competition effect. We compare our results, i.e., growth mechanism and structure morphology with all available theoretical and experimental data. Our calculations show that all encapsulated nanostructures contain metal (catalyst) atoms and such structures are less stable than their pure counterparts. Therefore, we study the puriﬁcation mechanism of these structures. In general, this study opens a possible route to the controllable synthesis of tubular and planar carbon nanostructures for today’s nanotechnology.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000598371500009	Publication Date	2020-09-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0008-6223	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	6.337	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fund of Scientific Research Flanders, 12M1318N ; Universiteit Antwerpen; Flemish Supercomputer Centre; Hercules Foundation; Flemish Government; The authors gratefully acknowledge the ﬁnancial support from the Fund of Scientiﬁc Research Flanders (FWO), Belgium, Grant number 12M1318N. The work was carried out in part using the Turing HPC infrastructure of the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Centre (VSC), funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UA, Belgium.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.337
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:172459			Serial	6414
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	Author	Fukuhara, S.; Bal, K.M.; Neyts, E.C.; Shibuta, Y.
	Title	Entropic and enthalpic factors determining the thermodynamics and kinetics of carbon segregation from transition metal nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Carbon	Abbreviated Journal	Carbon
	Volume	171	Issue		Pages	806-813
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The free energy surface (FES) for carbon segregation from nickel nanoparticles is obtained from advanced molecular dynamics simulations. A suitable reaction coordinate is developed that can distinguish dissolved carbon atoms from segregated dimers, chains and junctions on the nanoparticle surface. Because of the typically long segregation time scale (up to ms), metadynamics simulations along the developed reaction coordinate are used to construct FES over a wide range of temperatures and carbon concentrations. The FES revealed the relative stability of different stages in the segregation process, and free energy barriers and rates of the individual steps could then be calculated and decomposed into enthalpic and entropic contributions. As the carbon concentration in the nickel nanoparticle increases, segregated carbon becomes more stable in terms of both enthalpy and entropy. The activation free energy of the reaction also decreases with the increase of carbon concentration, which can be mainly attributed to entropic effects. These insights and the methodology developed to obtain them improve our understanding of carbon segregation process across materials science in general, and the nucleation and growth of carbon nanotube in particular.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000598371500084	Publication Date	2020-09-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0008-6223	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.337	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Scientific Research, 19H02415 ; JSPS, 18J22727 ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; JSPS; JSPS; FWO; Research Foundation; Flanders, 12ZI420N ; This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientiﬁc Research (B) (No.19H02415) and Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellow (No.18J22727) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Japan. S.F. was supported by JSPS through the Program for 812			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.337
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:172452			Serial	6421
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	Author	van ‘t Veer, K.; van Alphen, S.; Remy, A.; Gorbanev, Y.; De Geyter, N.; Snyders, R.; Reniers, F.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Spatially and temporally non-uniform plasmas: microdischarges from the perspective of molecules in a packed bed plasma reactor			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Journal Of Physics D-Applied Physics	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys D Appl Phys
	Volume	54	Issue	17	Pages	174002
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) typically operate in the filamentary regime and thus exhibit great spatial and temporal non-uniformity. In order to optimize DBDs for various applications, such as in plasma catalysis, more fundamental insight is needed. Here, we consider how the millions of microdischarges, characteristic for a DBD, influence individual gas molecules. We use a Monte Carlo approach to determine the number of microdischarges to which a single molecule would be exposed, by means of particle tracing simulations through a full-scale packed bed DBD reactor, as well as an empty DBD reactor. We find that the fraction of microdischarges to which the molecules are exposed can be approximated as the microdischarge volume over the entire reactor gas volume. The use of this concept provides good agreement between a plasma-catalytic kinetics model and experiments for plasma-catalytic NH3 synthesis. We also show that the concept of the fraction of microdischarges indicates the efficiency by which the plasma power is transferred to the gas molecules. This generalised concept is also applicable for other spatially and temporally non-uniform plasmas.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000618776000001	Publication Date	2021-04-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-3727	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.588	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project, FWO grant ID GoF9618n ; Flemish Government, project P2C (HBC.2019.0108) ; H2020 European Research Council, grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy pr ; This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO Grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No 810182—SCOPE ERC Synergy project) and by the Flemish Government through the Moonshot cSBO project P2C (HBC. 2019.0108). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. The authors would also like to thank Hamid Ahmadi Eshtehardi for discussions on the plasma-kinetic DBD model and Yannick Engelmann for discussions on the surface kinetics model.			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.588
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:175878			Serial	6674
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