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	Author	Jannis, D.; Velazco, A.; Béché, A.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Reducing electron beam damage through alternative STEM scanning strategies, Part II: Attempt towards an empirical model describing the damage process			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume		Issue		Pages	113568
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In this second part of a series we attempt to construct an empirical model that can mimick all experimental observations made regarding the role of an alternative interleaved scan pattern in STEM imaging on the beam damage in a specific zeolite sample. We make use of a 2D diffusion model that describes the dissipation of the deposited beam energy in the sequence of probe positions that are visited during the scan pattern. The diffusion process allows for the concept of trying to ‘outrun’ the beam damage by carefully tuning the dwell time and distance between consecutively visited probe positions. We add a non linear function to include a threshold effect and evaluate the accumulated damage in each part of the image as a function of scan pattern details. Together, these ingredients are able to describe qualitatively all aspects of the experimental data and provide us with a model that could guide a further optimisation towards even lower beam damage without lowering the applied electron dose. We deliberately remain vague on what is diffusing here which avoids introducing too many sample specific details. This provides hope that the model can be applied also in sample classes that were not yet studied in such great detail by adjusting higher level parameters: a sample dependent diffusion constant and damage threshold.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000832788000003	Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.2	Times cited	4	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	D.J., A.V, A.B. and J.V. acknowledge funding from FWO project G093417N (’Compressed sensing enabling low dose imaging in transmission electron microscopy’) and G042920N (’Coincident event detection for advanced spectroscopy in transmission electron microscopy’). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 823717 ESTEEM3. The Qu-Ant-EM microscope was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. J.V. acknowledges funding from GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp .; esteem3reported; esteem3jra;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.2
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:188535			Serial	7071
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	Author	Park, D.-s.; Hadad, M.; Riemer, L.M.; Ignatans, R.; Spirito, D.; Esposito, V.; Tileli, V.; Gauquelin, N.; Chezganov, D.; Jannis, D.; Verbeeck, J.; Gorfman, S.; Pryds, N.; Muralt, P.; Damjanovic, D.
	Title	Induced giant piezoelectricity in centrosymmetric oxides			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	375	Issue	6581	Pages	653-657
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Giant piezoelectricity can be induced in centrosymmetric oxides by controlling the long-range motion of oxygen vacancies.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000753975300036	Publication Date	2022-02-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8075	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	56.9	Times cited	51	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	D.-S.P., V.E., N.P., P.M., and D.D. acknowledge the European Commission for project Biowings H2020 Fetopen 2018-2022 (grant no. 80127). N.P. acknowledges funding from the Villum Fonden for the NEED project (grant no. 00027993) and the Danish Council for Independent Research Technology and Production Sciences for the DFF-Research Project 3 (grant no. 00069B). S.G. acknowledges funding from the Israel Science Foundation (research grant 1561/18 and equipment grant 2247/18). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant no. 823717 – ESTEEM3. D.C. acknowledges TOP/BOF funding of the University of Antwerp. M.H. and P.M. acknowledge funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant nos. 200020-162664/1 and 200021-143424/1); esteem3reported; esteem3TA			Approved	Most recent IF: 56.9
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:185876			Serial	6909
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	Author	Huijben, M.; Koster, G.; Kruize, M.K.; Wenderich, S.; Verbeeck, J.; Bals, S.; Slooten, E.; Shi, B.; Molegraaf, H.J.A.; Kleibeuker, J.E.; Van Aert, S.; Goedkoop, J.B.; Brinkman, A.; Blank, D.H.A.; Golden, M.S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Hilgenkamp, H.; Rijnders, G.;
	Title	Defect engineering in oxide heterostructures by enhanced oxygen surface exchange			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Advanced functional materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Funct Mater
	Volume	23	Issue	42	Pages	5240-5248
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The synthesis of materials with well-controlled composition and structure improves our understanding of their intrinsic electrical transport properties. Recent developments in atomically controlled growth have been shown to be crucial in enabling the study of new physical phenomena in epitaxial oxide heterostructures. Nevertheless, these phenomena can be influenced by the presence of defects that act as extrinsic sources of both doping and impurity scattering. Control over the nature and density of such defects is therefore necessary to fully understand the intrinsic materials properties and exploit them in future device technologies. Here, it is shown that incorporation of a strontium copper oxide nano-layer strongly reduces the impurity scattering at conducting interfaces in oxide LaAlO3SrTiO3(001) heterostructures, opening the door to high carrier mobility materials. It is proposed that this remote cuprate layer facilitates enhanced suppression of oxygen defects by reducing the kinetic barrier for oxygen exchange in the hetero-interfacial film system. This design concept of controlled defect engineering can be of significant importance in applications in which enhanced oxygen surface exchange plays a crucial role.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000327480900003	Publication Date	2013-06-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1616-301X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.124	Times cited	87	Open Access
	Notes	Countatoms; Vortex; Fwo; Ifox ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.124; 2013 IF: 10.439
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109273UA @ admin @ c:irua:109273			Serial	615
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	Author	Schattschneider, P.; Löffler, S.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Comment on “Quantized orbital angular momentum transfer and magnetic dichroism in the interaction of electron vortices with matter”			Type	Editorial
	Year	2013	Publication	Physical review letters	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev Lett
	Volume	110	Issue	18	Pages	189501-189502
	Keywords	Editorial; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000319019300019	Publication Date	2013-05-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-9007;1079-7114;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.462	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	Countatoms; Vortex; Esteem2; esteem2jra3 ECASJO;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.462; 2013 IF: 7.728
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109014UA @ admin @ c:irua:109014			Serial	410
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	Author	Schattschneider, P.; Löffler, S.; Stöger-Pollach, M.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Is magnetic chiral dichroism feasible with electron vortices?			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	136	Issue		Pages	81-85
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We discuss the feasibility of detecting magnetic transitions with focused electron vortex probes, suggested by selection rules for the magnetic quantum number. We theoretically estimate the dichroic signal strength in the L2,3 edge of ferromagnetic d metals. It is shown that under realistic conditions, the dichroic signal is undetectable for nanoparticles larger than View the MathML source. This is confirmed by a key experiment with nanometer-sized vortices.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000327884700011	Publication Date	2013-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	64	Open Access
	Notes	Countatoms; Vortex; Esteem2; esteem2jra3 ECASJO;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2014 IF: 2.436
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:110952UA @ admin @ c:irua:110952			Serial	1750
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	Author	Lubk, A.; Clark, L.; Guzzinati, G.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Topological analysis of paraxially scattered electron vortex beams			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Physical review : A : atomic, molecular and optical physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev A
	Volume	87	Issue	3	Pages	033834-33838
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We investigate topological aspects of subnanometer electron vortex beams upon elastic propagation through atomic scattering potentials. Two main aspects can be distinguished: (i) significantly reduced delocalization compared to a similar nonvortex beam if the beam centers on an atomic column and (ii) site symmetry dependent splitting of higher-order vortex beams. Furthermore, the results provide insight into the complex vortex line fabric within the elastically scattered wave containing characteristic vortex loops predominantly attached to atomic columns and characteristic twists of vortex lines around atomic columns. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.033834
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Physical Society	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y	Editor
	Language		Wos	000316790600011	Publication Date	2013-03-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1050-2947;1094-1622;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.925	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes	Countatoms; Vortex; Esteem2; esteem2jra3 ECASJO;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.925; 2013 IF: 2.991
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108496			Serial	3673
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	Author	Schattschneider, P.; Stoeger-Pollach, M.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Novel vortex generator and mode converter for electron beams			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Physical review letters	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev Lett
	Volume	109	Issue	8	Pages	084801-1
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A mode converter for electron vortex beams is described. Numerical simulations, confirmed by experiment, show that the converter transforms a vortex beam with a topological charge m = +/- 1 into beams closely resembling Hermite-Gaussian HG(10) and HG(01) modes. The converter can be used as a mode discriminator or filter for electron vortex beams. Combining the converter with a phase plate turns a plane wave into modes with topological charge m = +/- 1. This combination serves as a generator of electron vortex beams of high brilliance.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000307790900004	Publication Date	2012-08-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-9007;1079-7114;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.462	Times cited	74	Open Access
	Notes	Countatoms; Vortex ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.462; 2012 IF: 7.943
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101103UA @ admin @ c:irua:101103			Serial	2384
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	Author	Das, P.P.; Guzzinati, G.; Coll, C.; Gomez Perez, A.; Nicolopoulos, S.; Estrade, S.; Peiro, F.; Verbeeck, J.; Zompra, A.A.; Galanis, A.S.
	Title	Reliable Characterization of Organic & Pharmaceutical Compounds with High Resolution Monochromated EEL Spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Polymers	Abbreviated Journal	Polymers-Basel
	Volume	12	Issue	7	Pages	1434
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Organic and biological compounds (especially those related to the pharmaceutical industry) have always been of great interest for researchers due to their importance for the development of new drugs to diagnose, cure, treat or prevent disease. As many new API (active pharmaceutical ingredients) and their polymorphs are in nanocrystalline or in amorphous form blended with amorphous polymeric matrix (known as amorphous solid dispersion—ASD), their structural identification and characterization at nm scale with conventional X-Ray/Raman/IR techniques becomes difficult. During any API synthesis/production or in the formulated drug product, impurities must be identified and characterized. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) at high energy resolution by transmission electron microscope (TEM) is expected to be a promising technique to screen and identify the different (organic) compounds used in a typical pharmaceutical or biological system and to detect any impurities present, if any, during the synthesis or formulation process. In this work, we propose the use of monochromated TEM-EELS, to analyze selected peptides and organic compounds and their polymorphs. In order to validate EELS for fingerprinting (in low loss/optical region) and by further correlation with advanced DFT, simulations were utilized.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000556786700001	Publication Date	2020-06-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2073-4360	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.364	Times cited	6	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	C.C., F.P., S.E. acknowledges the Spanish government for projects MAT2016-79455-P, Research Network RED2018-102609-T and the FPI (BES-2017-080045) grant of Ministerio de Ciència, Innovación y Universidades. G.G. acknowledges support from a postdoctoral fellowship grant from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek—Vlaanderen (FWO). P.P.D., A.G.P., S.N. gratefully acknowledge much helpful discussion on EELS study for organic compounds with Dr. Andrey Chuvilin (CIC NANOGUNE, Donostia—San Sebastian, Spain). The authors also acknowledge Raúl Arenal (University de Zaragoza, Spain) for useful discussion on EELS. The authors acknowledge also Ulises Julio Amador Elizondo (Universidad CEU San Pablo, Spain) for kindly provide the aripiprazole and piroxicam samples for EELS study.; EUSMI_TA;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:170603			Serial	6400
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	Author	Yu, C.-P.; Friedrich, T.; Jannis, D.; Van Aert, S.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Real-Time Integration Center of Mass (riCOM) Reconstruction for 4D STEM			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-12
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A real-time image reconstruction method for scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is proposed. With an algorithm requiring only the center of mass of the diffraction pattern at one probe position at a time, it is able to update the resulting image each time a new probe position is visited without storing any intermediate diffraction patterns. The results show clear features at high spatial frequency, such as atomic column positions. It is also demonstrated that some common post-processing methods, such as band-pass filtering, can be directly integrated in the real-time processing flow. Compared with other reconstruction methods, the proposed method produces high-quality reconstructions with good noise robustness at extremely low memory and computational requirements. An efficient, interactive open source implementation of the concept is further presented, which is compatible with frame-based, as well as event-based camera/file types. This method provides the attractive feature of immediate feedback that microscope operators have become used to, for example, conventional high-angle annular dark field STEM imaging, allowing for rapid decision-making and fine-tuning to obtain the best possible images for beam-sensitive samples at the lowest possible dose.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000792176100001	Publication Date	2022-04-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.8	Times cited	7	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent; H2020 European Research Council, 770887 ; H2020 European Research Council, 823717 ; H2020 European Research Council, ESTEEM3 / 823717 ; H2020 European Research Council, PICOMETRICS / 770887 ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 30489208 ; Herculesstichting; esteem3reported; esteem3jra			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.8
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:188538			Serial	7068
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	Author	Vega Ibañez, F.; Béché, A.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Can a programmable phase plate serve as an aberration corrector in the transmission electron microscope (TEM)?			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	Pii S1431927622012260-10
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Current progress in programmable electrostatic phase plates raises questions about their usefulness for specific applications. Here, we explore different designs for such phase plates with the specific goal of correcting spherical aberration in the transmission electron microscope (TEM). We numerically investigate whether a phase plate could provide down to 1 angstrom ngstrom spatial resolution on a conventional uncorrected TEM. Different design aspects (fill factor, pixel pattern, symmetry) were evaluated to understand their effect on the electron probe size and current density. Some proposed designs show a probe size () down to 0.66 angstrom, proving that it should be possible to correct spherical aberration well past the 1 angstrom limit using a programmable phase plate consisting of an array of electrostatic phase-shifting elements.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000849975400001	Publication Date	2022-09-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.8	Times cited	3	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	All authors acknowledge funding from the Flemish Research Fund under contract G042820N “Exploring adaptive optics in transmission electron microscopy”. J.V. acknowledges funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research Infrastructure – Integrating Activities for Advanced Communities under grant agreement No 823717 – ESTEEM3 and from the University of Antwerp through a TOP BOF project.; esteem3reported; esteem3jra			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.8
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:190627			Serial	7134
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	Author	Samal, D.; Gauquelin, N.; Takamura, Y.; Lobato, I.; Arenholz, E.; Van Aert, S.; Huijben, M.; Zhong, Z.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Koster, G.
	Title	Unusual structural rearrangement and superconductivity in infinite layer cuprate superlattices			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Physical review materials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7	Issue	5	Pages	054803
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001041792100007	Publication Date	2023-05-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2475-9953	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	3.4	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Air Force Office of Scientific Research; European Office of Aerospace Research and Development, FA8655-10-1-3077 ; Office of Science, DE-AC02-05CH11231 ; National Science Foundation, DMR-1745450 ; Seventh Framework Programme, 278510 ; Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds UGent;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.4; 2023 IF: NA
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:196973			Serial	8790
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	Author	Bliokh, K.Y.; Ivanov, I.P.; Guzzinati, G.; Clark, L.; Van Boxem, R.; Béché, A.; Juchtmans, R.; Alonso, M.A.; Schattschneider, P.; Nori, F.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Theory and applications of free-electron vortex states			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Physics reports	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rep
	Volume	690	Issue	690	Pages	1-70
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Both classical and quantum waves can form vortices: with helical phase fronts and azimuthal current densities. These features determine the intrinsic orbital angular momentum carried by localized vortex states. In the past 25 years, optical vortex beams have become an inherent part of modern optics, with many remarkable achievements and applications. In the past decade, it has been realized and demonstrated that such vortex beams or wavepackets can also appear in free electron waves, in particular, in electron microscopy. Interest in free-electron vortex states quickly spread over different areas of physics: from basic aspects of quantum mechanics, via applications for fine probing of matter (including individual atoms), to high-energy particle collision and radiation processes. Here we provide a comprehensive review of theoretical and experimental studies in this emerging field of research. We describe the main properties of electron vortex states, experimental achievements and possible applications within transmission electron microscopy, as well as the possible role of vortex electrons in relativistic and high-energy processes. We aim to provide a balanced description including a pedagogical introduction, solid theoretical basis, and a wide range of practical details. Special attention is paid to translate theoretical insights into suggestions for future experiments, in electron microscopy and beyond, in any situation where free electrons occur.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000406169900001	Publication Date	2017-05-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0370-1573	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	17.425	Times cited	210	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	AFOSR, FA9550-14-1-0040 ; CREST, JPMJCR1676 ; Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), IF/00989/2014/CP1214/CT0004 ; Austrian Science Fund, I543-N20 ; ERC, 278510 VORTEX ; We acknowledge discussions with Mark R. Dennis and Andrei Afanasev. This work was supported by the RIKEN Interdisciplinary Theoretical Science Research Group (iTHES) Project, the Multi-University Research Initiative (MURI) Center for Dynamic Magneto-Optics via the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (Grant No. FA9550-14-1-0040), Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), the John Templeton Foundation, the Australian Research Council, the Portuguese Funda¸c˜ao para a Ciˆencia e a Tecnologia (FCT) (contract IF/00989/2014/CP1214/CT0004 under the IF2014 Program), contracts UID/FIS/00777/2013 and CERN/FIS-NUC/0010/2015 (partially funded through POCTI, COMPETE, QREN, and the European Union), Austrian Science Fund Grant No. I543-N20, the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7) (ERC Starting Grant No. 278510 VORTEX), and FWO PhD Fellowship grants (Aspirant Fonds Wetenschappelijk OnderzoekVlaanderen).			Approved	Most recent IF: 17.425
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:143262			Serial	4574
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	Author	Velazco, A.; Béché, A.; Jannis, D.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Reducing electron beam damage through alternative STEM scanning strategies, Part I: Experimental findings			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	232	Issue		Pages	113398
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The highly energetic electrons in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) can alter or even completely destroy the structure of samples before sufficient information can be obtained. This is especially problematic in the case of zeolites, organic and biological materials. As this effect depends on both the electron beam and the sample and can involve multiple damage pathways, its study remained difficult and is plagued with irreproducibility issues, circumstantial evidence, rumors, and a general lack of solid data. Here we take on the experimental challenge to investigate the role of the STEM scan pattern on the damage behavior of a commercially available zeolite sample with the clear aim to make our observations as reproducible as possible. We make use of a freely programmable scan engine that gives full control over the tempospatial distribution of the electron probe on the sample and we use its flexibility to obtain multiple repeated experiments under identical conditions comparing the difference in beam damage between a conventional raster scan pattern and a newly proposed interleaved scan pattern that provides exactly the same dose and dose rate and visits exactly the same scan points. We observe a significant difference in beam damage for both patterns with up to 11 % reduction in damage (measured from mass loss). These observations demonstrate without doubt that electron dose, dose rate and acceleration voltage are not the only parameters affecting beam damage in (S)TEM experiments and invite the community to rethink beam damage as an unavoidable consequence of applied electron dose.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000714819200002	Publication Date	2021-10-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.2	Times cited	18	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	A.V., D.J., A.B. and J.V. acknowledge funding from FWO project G093417N (’Compressed sensing enabling low dose imaging in transmission electron microscopy’) and G042920N (’Coincident event detection for advanced spectroscopy in transmission electron microscopy’). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 823717 ESTEEM3. The Qu-Ant-EM microscope was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. J.V. acknowledges funding from GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp.; JRA; reported			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.2
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:183282			Serial	6818
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Velazco, A.; Nord, M.; Béché, A.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Evaluation of different rectangular scan strategies for STEM imaging			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume		Issue		Pages	113021
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	STEM imaging is typically performed by raster scanning a focused electron probe over a sample. Here we investigate and compare three different scan patterns, making use of a programmable scan engine that allows to arbitrarily set the sequence of probe positions that are consecutively visited on the sample. We compare the typical raster scan with a so-called ‘snake’ pattern where the scan direction is reversed after each row and a novel Hilbert scan pattern that changes scan direction rapidly and provides an homogeneous treatment of both scan directions. We experimentally evaluate the imaging performance on a single crystal test sample by varying dwell time and evaluating behaviour with respect to sample drift. We demonstrate the ability of the Hilbert scan pattern to more faithfully represent the high frequency content of the image in the presence of sample drift. It is also shown that Hilbert scanning provides reduced bias when measuring lattice parameters from the obtained scanned images while maintaining similar precision in both scan directions which is especially important when e.g. performing strain analysis. Compared to raster scanning with flyback correction, both snake and Hilbert scanning benefit from dose reduction as only small probe movement steps occur.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000544042800007	Publication Date	2020-05-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.2	Times cited	13	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	A.V., A.B. and J.V. acknowledge funding through FWO project G093417N ('Compressed sensing enabling low dose imaging in transmission electron microscopy') from the Flanders Research Fund. M.N. received support for this work from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 838001. J.V acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 823717 – ESTEEM3.			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.2; 2020 IF: 2.843
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:169225			Serial	6369
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	Author	Turner, S.; Verbeeck, J.; Ramezanipour, F.; Greedan, J.E.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Botton, G.A.
	Title	Atomic resolution coordination mapping in Ca₂FeCoO₅ brownmillerite by spatially resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Mater
	Volume	24	Issue	10	Pages	1904-1909
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Using a combination of high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy and atomically resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy at high energy resolution in an aberration-corrected electron microscope, we demonstrate the capability of coordination mapping in complex oxides. Brownmillerite compound Ca2FeCoO5, consisting of repetitive octahedral and tetrahedral coordination layers with Fe and Co in a fixed 3+ valency, is selected to demonstrate the principle of atomic resolution coordination mapping. Analysis of the Co-L2,3 and the Fe-L2,3 edges shows small variations in the fine structure that can be specifically attributed to Co/Fe in tetrahedral or in octahedral coordination. Using internal reference spectra, we show that the coordination of the Fe and Co atoms in the compound can be mapped at atomic resolution.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000304237500024	Publication Date	2012-04-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0897-4756;1520-5002;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.466	Times cited	33	Open Access
	Notes	A.M. Abakumov is thanked for fruitful discussions. S.T. gratefully acknowledges the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO). J.E.G. and GAB. acknowledge the support of the NSERC of Canada through Discovery Grants. The Canadian Centre for Electron Microscopy is a National Facility supported by NSERC and McMaster University and was funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Ontario Government. Part of this work was supported by funding from the European Research Council under the FP7, ERC Grant N 246791 COUNTATOMS and ERC Starting Grant N 278510 VORTEX. The EMAT microscope is partially funded by the Hercules fund of the Flemish Government. ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.466; 2012 IF: 8.238
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:98379UA @ admin @ c:irua:98379			Serial	175
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	Author	Prabhakara, V.; Jannis, D.; Guzzinati, G.; Béché, A.; Bender, H.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	HAADF-STEM block-scanning strategy for local measurement of strain at the nanoscale			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	219	Issue		Pages	113099
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Lattice strain measurement of nanoscale semiconductor devices is crucial for the semiconductor industry as strain substantially improves the electrical performance of transistors. High resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM) imaging is an excellent tool that provides spatial resolution at the atomic scale and strain information by applying Geometric Phase Analysis or image fitting procedures. However, HR-STEM images regularly suffer from scanning distortions and sample drift during image acquisition. In this paper, we propose a new scanning strategy that drastically reduces artefacts due to drift and scanning distortion, along with extending the field of view. It consists of the acquisition of a series of independent small subimages containing an atomic resolution image of the local lattice. All subimages are then analysed individually for strain by fitting a nonlinear model to the lattice images. The method allows flexible tuning of spatial resolution and the field of view within the limits of the dynamic range of the scan engine while maintaining atomic resolution sampling within the subimages. The obtained experimental strain maps are quantitatively benchmarked against the Bessel diffraction technique. We demonstrate that the proposed scanning strategy approaches the performance of the diffraction technique while having the advantage that it does not require specialized diffraction cameras.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000594768500006	Publication Date	2020-09-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.2	Times cited	4	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	A.B. D.J. and J.V. acknowledge funding through FWO project G093417N ('Compressed sensing enabling low dose imaging in transmission electron microscopy') from the Flanders Research Fund. J.V acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 823717 – ESTEEM3. The Qu-Ant-EM microscope and the direct electron detector used in the diffraction experiments was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. This project has received funding from the GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp. GG acknowledges support from a postdoctoral fellowship grant from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaanderen (FWO). Special thanks to Dr. Thomas Nuytten, Prof. Dr. Wilfried Vandervorst, Dr. Paola Favia, Dr. Olivier Richard from IMEC, Leuven and Prof. Dr. Sara Bals from EMAT, Antwerp for their continuous support and collaboration with the project and to the IMEC processing group for the device fabrication.			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.2; 2020 IF: 2.843
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:172485			Serial	6404
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	Author	Béché, A.; Juchtmans, R.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Efficient creation of electron vortex beams for high resolution STEM imaging			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	178	Issue	178	Pages	12-19
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The recent discovery of electron vortex beams carrying quantised angular momentum in the TEM has led to an active field of research, exploring a variety of potential applications including the possibility of mapping magnetic states at the atomic scale. A prerequisite for this is the availability of atomic sized electron vortex beams at high beam current and mode purity. In this paper we present recent progress showing that by making use of the Aharonov-Bohm effect near the tip of a long single domain ferromagnetic Nickel needle, a very efficient aperture for the production of electron vortex beams can be realised. The aperture transmits more than 99% of all electrons and provides a vortex mode purity of up to 92%. Placing this aperture in the condenser plane of a state of the art Cs corrected microscope allows us to demonstrate atomic resolution HAADF STEM images with spatial resolution better than 1 Angstrom, in agreement with theoretical expectations and only slightly inferior to the performance of a non-vortex probe on the same instrument.
	Address	EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Wos	000403862900003	Publication Date	2016-05-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	30	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	A.B. and J.V. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7), ERC Starting Grant No. 278510 VORTEX. J.V. acknowledges funding from FWO project G.0044.13N ('Charge ordering').; ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	c:irua:134085 c:irua:134085UA @ admin @ c:irua:134085			Serial	4094
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	Author	Béché, A.; Winkler, R.; Plank, H.; Hofer, F.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Focused electron beam induced deposition as a tool to create electron vortices			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Micron	Abbreviated Journal	Micron
	Volume	80	Issue	80	Pages	34-38
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Focused electron beam induced deposition (FEBID) is a microscopic technique that allows geometrically controlled material deposition with very high spatial resolution. This technique was used to create a spiral aperture capable of generating electron vortex beams in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The vortex was then fully characterized using different TEM techniques, estimating the average orbital angular momentum to be approximately 0.8variant Planck's over 2pi per electron with almost 60% of the beam ending up in the l=1 state.
	Address	EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Wos	000366770100006	Publication Date	2015-09-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0968-4328;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.98	Times cited	21	Open Access
	Notes	A.B and J.V. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7), ERC Starting Grant No. 278510 VORTEX. J.V., R.W., H.P. and F.H. acknowledge financial support from the European Union under the 7th Framework Program (FP7) under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (Reference No. 312483 ESTEEM2). R.W and H.P also acknowledge financial support by the COST action CELINA (Nr. CM1301) and the EUROSTARS project TRIPLE-S (Nr. E!8213). The Qu-Ant-EM microscope was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government.; esteem2jra3 ECASJO;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.98; 2015 IF: 1.988
	Call Number	c:irua:129203 c:irua:129203UA @ admin @ c:irua:129203			Serial	3946
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	Author	Béché, A.; Goris, B.; Freitag, B.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Development of a fast electromagnetic beam blanker for compressed sensing in scanning transmission electron microscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	108	Issue	108	Pages	093103
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The concept of compressed sensing was recently proposed to significantly reduce the electron dose in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) while still maintaining the main features in the image. Here, an experimental setup based on an electromagnetic beam blanker placed in the condenser plane of a STEM is proposed. The beam blanker deflects the beam with a random pattern, while the scanning coils are moving the beam in the usual scan pattern. Experimental images at both the medium scale and high resolution are acquired and reconstructed based on a discrete cosine algorithm. The obtained results confirm that compressed sensing is highly attractive to limit beam damage in experimental STEM even though some remaining artifacts need to be resolved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000375329200043	Publication Date	2016-03-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	40	Open Access
	Notes	A.B and J.V. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7), ERC Starting Grant No. 278510 VORTEX and under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (Reference No. 312483 ESTEEM2), from the GOA project SOLARPAINT and the POC project I13/009 from the University of Antwerp. B.G. acknowledges the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen) for a postdoctoral research grant. The QuAnTem microscope was partially funded by the Hercules Foundation. We thank Zhaoliang Liao from the Mesa+ laboratory at the University of Twente for the perovskite test sample.; esteem2jra3 ECASJO;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411
	Call Number	c:irua:131895 c:irua:131895UA @ admin @ c:irua:131895			Serial	4023
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	Author	Annys, A.; Jannis, D.; Verbeeck, J.; Annys, A.; Jannis, D.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Deep learning for automated materials characterisation in core-loss electron energy loss spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Scientific reports	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	13	Issue	1	Pages	13724
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is a well established technique in electron microscopy that yields information on the elemental content of a sample in a very direct manner. One of the persisting limitations of EELS is the requirement for manual identification of core-loss edges and their corresponding elements. This can be especially bothersome in spectrum imaging, where a large amount of spectra are recorded when spatially scanning over a sample area. This paper introduces a synthetic dataset with 736,000 labeled EELS spectra, computed from available generalized oscillator strength tables, that represents 107 K, L, M or N core-loss edges and 80 chemical elements. Generic lifetime broadened peaks are used to mimic the fine structure due to band structure effects present in experimental core-loss edges. The proposed dataset is used to train and evaluate a series of neural network architectures, being a multilayer perceptron, a convolutional neural network, a U-Net, a residual neural network, a vision transformer and a compact convolutional transformer. An ensemble of neural networks is used to further increase performance. The ensemble network is used to demonstrate fully automated elemental mapping in a spectrum image, both by directly mapping the predicted elemental content and by using the predicted content as input for a physical model-based mapping.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001052937600046	Publication Date	2023-08-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2045-2322	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	4.6	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	A.A. would like to acknowledge the resources and services used in this work provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government. J.V. acknowledges the IMPRESS project. The IMPRESS project has received funding from the HORIZON EUROPE framework program for research and innovation under grant agreement n. 101094299.			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.6; 2023 IF: 4.259
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:198647			Serial	8846
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Legrand, S.; Nuyts, G.; Alfeld, M.; Monico, L.; Anaf, W.; de Nolf, W.; Vermeulen, M.; Verbeeck, J.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Non-invasive and non-destructive examination of artistic pigments, paints, and paintings by means of X-Ray methods			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Topics in Current Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Topics Curr Chem
	Volume	374	Issue	374	Pages	81
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Recent studies are concisely reviewed, in which X-ray beams of (sub)micrometre to millimetre dimensions have been used for non-destructive analysis and characterization of pigments, minute paint samples, and/or entire paintings from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century painters. The overview presented encompasses the use of laboratory and synchrotron radiation-based instrumentation and deals with the use of several variants of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as a method of elemental analysis and imaging, as well as with the combined use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Microscopic XRF is a variant of the method that is well suited to visualize the elemental distribution of key elements, mostly metals, present in paint multi-layers, on the length scale from 1 to 100 μm inside micro-samples taken from paintings. In the context of the characterization of artists pigments subjected to natural degradation, the use of methods limited to elemental analysis or imaging usually is not sufficient to elucidate the chemical transformations that have taken place. However, at synchrotron facilities, combinations of μ-XRF with related methods such as μ-XAS and μ-XRD have proven themselves to be very suitable for such studies. Their use is often combined with microscopic Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and/or Raman microscopy since these methods deliver complementary information of high molecular specificity at more or less the same length scale as the X-ray microprobe techniques. Since microscopic investigation of a relatively limited number of minute paint samples, taken from a given work of art, may not yield representative information about the entire artefact, several methods for macroscopic, non-invasive imaging have recently been developed. Those based on XRF scanning and full-field hyperspectral imaging appear very promising; some recent published results are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer international publishing ag	Place of Publication	Cham	Editor
	Language		Wos	000391178900006	Publication Date	2016-11-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2365-0869;2364-8961;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.033	Times cited	50	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.033
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:139930UA @ admin @ c:irua:139930			Serial	4443
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	Author	Zhang, G.; Zhou, Y.; Korneychuk, S.; Samuely, T.; Liu, L.; May, P.W.; Xu, Z.; Onufriienko, O.; Zhang, X.; Verbeeck, J.; Samuely, P.; Moshchalkov, V.V.; Yang, Z.; Rubahn, H.-G.
	Title	Superconductor-insulator transition driven by pressure-tuned intergrain coupling in nanodiamond films			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Physical review materials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	3	Issue	3	Pages	034801
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We report on the pressure-driven superconductor-insulator transition in heavily boron-doped nanodiamond films. By systematically increasing the pressure, we suppress the Josephson coupling between the superconducting nanodiamond grains. The diminished intergrain coupling gives rise to an overall insulating state in the films, which is interpreted in the framework of a parallel-series circuit model to be the result of bosonic insulators with preserved localized intragrain superconducting order parameters. Our investigation opens up perspectives for the application of high pressure in research on quantum confinement and coherence. Our data unveil the percolative nature of the electrical transport in nanodiamond films, and highlight the essential role of grain boundaries in determining the electronic properties of this material.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000460684600002	Publication Date	2019-03-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2475-9953	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.926	Times cited	5	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; Y.Z. and Z.Y. acknowledge support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grants No. 2018YFA0305700 and No. 2016YFA0401804), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No. 11574323, No. 11704387, and No. U1632275), the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (Grants No. 1708085QA19 and No. 1808085MA06), and the Director's Fund of Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (YZJJ201621). J.V. and S.K. acknowledge funding from the GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp, and thank the FWO (Research Foundation-Flanders) for financial support under Contract No. G.0044.13N “Charge ordering”. The Qu-Ant-EM microscope was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. T.S., O.O., and P.S. are supported by APVV-0036-11, APVV-0605-14, VEGA 1/0409/15, VEGA 2/0149/16, and EU ERDF-ITMS 26220120005. L.L. acknowledges the financial support of a FWO postdoctoral research fellowship (12V4419N) and the KU Leuven C1 project OPTIPROBE (C14/16/ 063). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:158561			Serial	5260
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	Author	Yin, C.; Krishnan, D.; Gauquelin, N.; Verbeeck, J.; Aarts, J.
	Title	Controlling the interfacial conductance in LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ in 90 degrees off-axis sputter deposition			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Physical review materials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	3	Issue	3	Pages	034002
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We report on the fabrication of conducting interfaces between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 by 90 degrees off-axis sputtering in an Ar atmosphere. At a growth pressure of 0.04 mbar the interface is metallic, with a carrier density of the order of 1 x 10(13) cm(-2) at 3 K. By increasing the growth pressure, we observe an increase of the out-of-plane lattice constants of the LaAlO3 films while the in-plane lattice constants do not change. Also, the low-temperature sheet resistance increases with increasing growth pressure, leading to an insulating interface when the growth pressure reaches 0.10 mbar. We attribute the structural variations to an increase of the La/Al ratio, which also explains the transition from metallic behavior to insulating behavior of the interfaces. Our research shows that the control which is furnished by the Ar pressure makes sputtering as versatile a process as pulsed laser deposition, and emphasizes the key role of the cation stoichiometry of LaAlO3 in the formation of the conducting interface.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000461077100002	Publication Date	2019-03-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2475-9953	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.926	Times cited	4	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; We thank Nikita Lebedev, Aymen Ben Hamida, and Prateek Kumar for useful discussions and Giordano Mattoni, Jun Wang, Vincent Joly, and Hozanna Miro for their technical assistance. We also thank Jean-Marc Triscone and his group for sharing their design of the sputtering system with us. This work is part of the FOM research programme DESCO with Project No. 149, which is (partly) financed by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). C.Y. is supported by China Scholarship Council (CSC) with Grant No. 201508110214. N.G., D.K., and J.V. acknowledge financial support from the GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:158547			Serial	5243
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	Author	Lin, S.-C.; Kuo, C.-T.; Shao, Y.-C.; Chuang, Y.-D.; Geessinck, J.; Huijben, M.; Rueff, J.-P.; Graff, I.L.; Conti, G.; Peng, Y.; Bostwick, A.; Gullikson, E.; Nemsak, S.; Vailionis, A.; Gauquelin, N.; Verbeeck, J.; Ghiringhelli, G.; Schneider, C.M.; Fadley, C.S.
	Title	Two-dimensional electron systems in perovskite oxide heterostructures : role of the polarity-induced substitutional defects			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Physical review materials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4	Issue	11	Pages	115002
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The discovery of a two-dimensional electron system (2DES) at the interfaces of perovskite oxides such as LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 has motivated enormous efforts in engineering interfacial functionalities with this type of oxide heterostructures. However, the fundamental origins of the 2DES are still not understood, e.g., the microscopic mechanisms of coexisting interface conductivity and magnetism. Here we report a comprehensive spectroscopic investigation on the depth profile of 2DES-relevant Ti 3d interface carriers using depthand element-specific techniques like standing-wave excited photoemission and resonant inelastic scattering. We found that one type of Ti 3d interface carriers, which give rise to the 2DES are located within three unit cells from the n-type interface in the SrTiO3 layer. Unexpectedly, another type of interface carriers, which are polarity-induced Ti-on-Al antisite defects, reside in the first three unit cells of the opposing LaAlO3 layer (similar to 10 angstrom). Our findings provide a microscopic picture of how the localized and mobile Ti 3d interface carriers distribute across the interface and suggest that the 2DES and 2D magnetism at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface have disparate explanations as originating from different types of interface carriers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000592432200004	Publication Date	2020-11-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2475-9953	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.4	Times cited	7	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; We thank G. M. De Luca and L. Braicovich for discussions. Charles S. Fadley was deceased on August 1, 2019. We are grateful for his significant contributions to this work. We thank Advanced Light Source for the access to Beamline 8.0.3 (qRIXS) via Proposal No. 09892 and beamline 7.0.2 (MAESTRO) via Proposal No. RA-00291 that contributed to the results presented here. We thank synchrotron SOLEIL (via Proposal No. 99180118) for the access to Beamline GALAXIES. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 (Advanced Light Source), and by DOE Contract No. DE-SC0014697 through the University of California, Davis (S.-C.L., C.-T.K, and C.S.F.), and from the Julich Research Center, Peter Grunberg Institute, PGI-6. I. L. G. wishes to thank Brazilian scientific agencies CNPQ (Project No. 200789/2017-1) and CAPES (CAPES-PrInt-UFPR) for their financial support. J.V. and N.G. acknowledge funding from the Geconcentreerde Onderzoekacties (GOA) project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp and the European Union's horizon 2020 research and innovation program ES-TEEM3 under grant agreement no 823717. The Qu-Ant-EM microscope used in this study was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. ; esteem3TA; esteem3reported			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.4; 2020 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:174316			Serial	6713
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	Author	Guzzinati, G.; Béché, A.; Lourenço-Martins, H.; Martin, J.; Kociak, M.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Probing the symmetry of the potential of localized surface plasmon resonances with phase-shaped electron beams			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Nature communications	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Commun
	Volume	8	Issue	8	Pages	14999
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Plasmonics, the science and technology of the interaction of light with metallic objects, is fundamentally changing the way we can detect, generate and manipulate light. Although the field is progressing swiftly, thanks to the availability of nanoscale manufacturing and analysis methods, fundamental properties such as the plasmonic excitations’ symmetries cannot be accessed directly, leading to a partial, sometimes incorrect, understanding of their properties. Here we overcome this limitation by deliberately shaping the wave function of an electron beam to match a plasmonic excitations’ symmetry in a modified transmission electron microscope. We show experimentally and theoretically that this offers selective detection of specific plasmon modes within metallic nanoparticles, while excluding modes with other symmetries. This method resembles the widespread use of polarized light for the selective excitation of plasmon modes with the advantage of locally probing the response of individual plasmonic objects and a far wider range of symmetry selection criteria.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000399084300001	Publication Date	2017-04-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2041-1723	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.124	Times cited	84	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; We thank F.J. Garcia de Abajo and D.M. Ugarte for interesting and fruitful discussion. This work was supported by funding from the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7) ERC Starting Grant 278510 VORTEX. Financial support from the European Union under the Framework 7 program under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (Reference number 312483 ESTEEM2) is also gratefully acknowledged. Aluminum nanostructures were fabricated using the Nanomat nanofabrication facility. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.124
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:142205UA @ admin @ c:irua:142205			Serial	4548
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	Author	Groenendijk, D.J.; Autieri, C.; Girovsky, J.; Martinez-Velarte, M.C.; Manca, N.; Mattoni, G.; Monteiro, A.M.R.V.L.; Gauquelin, N.; Verbeeck, J.; Otte, A.F.; Gabay, M.; Picozzi, S.; Caviglia, A.D.
	Title	Spin-orbit semimetal SrIrO₃ in the two-dimensional limit			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Physical review letters	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev Lett
	Volume	119	Issue	25	Pages	256403
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	<script type='text/javascript'>document.write(unpmarked('We investigate the thickness-dependent electronic properties of ultrathin SrIrO3 and discover a transition from a semimetallic to a correlated insulating state below 4 unit cells. Low-temperature magnetoconductance measurements show that spin fluctuations in the semimetallic state are significantly enhanced while approaching the transition point. The electronic properties are further studied by scanning tunneling spectroscopy, showing that 4 unit cell SrIrO(3)d is on the verge of a gap opening. Our density functional theory calculations reproduce the critical thickness of the transition and show that the opening of a gap in ultrathin SrIrO3 requires antiferromagnetic order.'));
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000418619100014	Publication Date	2017-12-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-9007	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.462	Times cited	79	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; This work was supported by The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO/OCW) as part of the Frontiers of Nanoscience program (NanoFront), by the Dutch Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM), and by the European Research Council under the European Union's H2020 programme/ERC Grant Agreement No. [677458]. The authors thank R. Claessen, P. Schutz, D. Di Sante, G. Sangiovanni, and A. Santander Syro for useful discussions. M. G. gratefully acknowledges support from the French National Research Agency (ANR) (Project LACUNES No. ANR-13-BS04-0006-01). C. A. and S. P. acknowledge financial support from Fondazione Cariplo via the project Magister (Project No. 2013-0726) and from CNR-SPIN via the Seed Project “CAMEO”. N. G. and J. V. acknowledge support from the GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp. The Qu-AntEM microscope was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.462
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:148510			Serial	4897
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	Author	Van den Broek, W.; Reed, B.W.; Béché, A.; Velazco, A.; Verbeeck, J.; Koch, C.T.
	Title	Various compressed sensing setups evaluated against Shannon sampling under constraint of constant illumination			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	IEEE transactions on computational imaging	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue	3	Pages	502-514
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Under the constraint of constant illumination, an information criterion is formulated for the Fisher information that compressed sensing measurements in optical and transmission electron microscopy contain about the underlying parameters. Since this approach requires prior knowledge of the signal's support in the sparse basis, we develop a heuristic quantity, the detective quantum efficiency (DQE), that tracks this information criterion well without this knowledge. In this paper, it is shown that for the investigated choice of sensing matrices, and in the absence of read-out noise, i.e., with only Poisson noise present, compressed sensing does not raise the amount of Fisher information in the recordings above that of Shannon sampling. Furthermore, enabled by the DQE's analytical tractability, the experimental designs are optimized by finding out the optimal fraction of on pixels as a function of dose and read-out noise. Finally, we introduce a regularization and demonstrate, through simulations and experiment, that it yields reconstructions attaining minimum mean squared error at experimental settings predicted by the DQE as optimal.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000480352600013	Publication Date	2019-01-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2333-9403	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.546	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government (Qu-Ant-EM microscope used for the experimental data). The work of W. Van den Broek was supported by the DFG under Grant BR 5095/2-1 (Compressed sensing in ptychography and transmission electron microscopy). The work of A. Beche, A. Velazco, and J. Verbeeck was supported by the FWO under Grant G093417N (Compressed sensing enabling low dose imaging in transmission electron microscopy). The work of Christoph T. Koch was supported by the DFG under Grant CRC 951. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Chrysanthe Preza. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:161792			Serial	5368
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	Author	O'Donnell, D.; Hassan, S.; Du, Y.; Gauquelin, N.; Krishnan, D.; Verbeeck, J.; Fan, R.; Steadman, P.; Bencok, P.; Dobrynin, A.N.
	Title	Etching induced formation of interfacial FeMn in IrMn/CoFe bilayers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Journal of physics: D: applied physics	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys D Appl Phys
	Volume	52	Issue	16	Pages	165002
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The effect of ion etching on exchange bias in IrMn3/Co70Fe30 bilayers is investigated. In spite of the reduction of saturation magnetization caused by the embedding of Tr from the capping layer into the Co70Fe30 layer during the etching process, the exchange bias in samples with the same thickness of the Co70Fe30 layer is reducing in proportion to the etching power. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements revealed the emergence of an uncompensated Mn magnetization after etching, which is antiferromagnetically coupled to the ferromagnetic layer. This suggests etching induced formation of small interfacial FeMn regions which leads to the decrease of effective exchange coupling between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000458524800001	Publication Date	2019-01-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-3727	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	2.588	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; This work was supported by Seagate Technology (Ireland). Beamline I10, Diamond Light Source, is acknowledged for provided beamtime. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.588
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:157458			Serial	5247
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	Author	Wang, J.; Nguyen, M.D.; Gauquelin, N.; Verbeeck, J.; Do, M.T.; Koster, G.; Rijnders, G.; Houwman, E.
	Title	On the importance of the work function and electron carrier density of oxide electrodes for the functional properties of ferroelectric capacitors			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Physica Status Solidi-Rapid Research Letters	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Status Solidi-R
	Volume	14	Issue	14	Pages	1900520
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	It is important to understand the effect of the interfaces between the oxide electrode layers and the ferroelectric layer on the polarization response for optimizing the device performance of all-oxide ferroelectric devices. Herein, the effects of the oxide La0.07Ba0.93SnO3 (LBSO) as an electrode material in an PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) ferroelectric capacitor are compared with those of the more commonly used SrRuO3 (SRO) electrode. SRO (top)/PZT/SRO (bottom), SRO/PZT/LBSO, and SRO/PZT/2 nm SRO/LBSO devices are fabricated. Only marginal differences in crystalline properties, determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy, are found. High-quality polarization loops are obtained, but with a much larger coercive field for the SRO/PZT/LBSO device. In contrast to the SRO/PZT/SRO device, the polarization decreases strongly with increasing field cycling. This fatigue problem can be remedied by inserting a 2 nm SRO layer between PZT and LBSO. It is argued that strongly increased charge injection into the PZT occurs at the bottom interface, because of the low PZT/LBSO interfacial barrier and the much lower carrier density in LBSO, as compared with that in SRO, causing a low dielectric constant, depleted layer in LBSO. The charge injection creates a trapped space charge in the PZT, causing the difference in fatigue behavior.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000506195600001	Publication Date	2019-12-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1862-6254	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.8	Times cited	6	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; This work was supported by Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek through grant no.13HTSM01. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.8; 2020 IF: 3.032
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:165681			Serial	6316
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	Author	Bigiani, L.; Andreu, T.; Maccato, C.; Fois, E.; Gasparotto, A.; Sada, C.; Tabacchi, G.; Krishnan, D.; Verbeeck, J.; Ramon Morante, J.; Barreca, D.
	Title	Engineering Au/MnO₂ hierarchical nanoarchitectures for ethanol electrochemical valorization			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Journal Of Materials Chemistry A	Abbreviated Journal	J Mater Chem A
	Volume	8	Issue	33	Pages	16902-16907
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The design of eco-friendly electrocatalysts for ethanol valorization is an open challenge towards sustainable hydrogen production. Herein we present an original fabrication route to effective electrocatalysts for the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR). In particular, hierarchical MnO(2)nanostructures are grown on high-area nickel foam scaffolds by a plasma-assisted strategy and functionalized with low amounts of optimally dispersed Au nanoparticles. This strategy leads to catalysts with a unique morphology, designed to enhance reactant-surface contacts and maximize active site utilization. The developed nanoarchitectures show superior performances for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media. We reveal that Au decoration boosts MnO(2)catalytic activity by inducing pre-dissociation and pre-oxidation of the adsorbed ethanol molecules. This evidence validates our strategy as an effective route for the development of green electrocatalysts for efficient electrical-to-chemical energy conversion.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000562931300008	Publication Date	2020-07-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2050-7488; 2050-7496	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11.9	Times cited	16	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; This work was financially supported by Padova University DOR 2016-2019 and P-DiSC #03BIRD2018-UNIPD OXYGENA projects, as well as by the INSTM Consortium (INSTMPD004 – NETTUNO), AMGA Foundation Mn4Energy project and Insubria University FAR2018. J. V. and D. K. acknowledge funding from the Flemish Government (Hercules), GOA project “Solarpaint” (Antwerp University) and European Union's H2020 programme under grant agreement no. 823717 ESTEEM3. The authors are grateful to Dr Gianluca Corr for skillful technical support. ; esteem3TA; esteem3reported			Approved	Most recent IF: 11.9; 2020 IF: 8.867
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:171989			Serial	6506
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