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	Author	Schattschneider, P.; Stoeger-Pollach, M.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Novel vortex generator and mode converter for electron beams			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Physical review letters	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev Lett
	Volume	109	Issue	8	Pages	084801-1
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A mode converter for electron vortex beams is described. Numerical simulations, confirmed by experiment, show that the converter transforms a vortex beam with a topological charge m = +/- 1 into beams closely resembling Hermite-Gaussian HG(10) and HG(01) modes. The converter can be used as a mode discriminator or filter for electron vortex beams. Combining the converter with a phase plate turns a plane wave into modes with topological charge m = +/- 1. This combination serves as a generator of electron vortex beams of high brilliance.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000307790900004	Publication Date	2012-08-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-9007;1079-7114;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.462	Times cited	74	Open Access
	Notes	Countatoms; Vortex ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.462; 2012 IF: 7.943
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101103UA @ admin @ c:irua:101103			Serial	2384
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Guzzinati, G.; Schattschneider, P.; Bliokh, K.Y.; Nori, F.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Observation of the Larmor and Gouy rotations with electron vortex beams			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Physical review letters	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev Lett
	Volume	110	Issue	9	Pages	093601
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Electron vortex beams carrying intrinsic orbital angular momentum (OAM) are produced in electron microscopes where they are controlled and focused by using magnetic lenses. We observe various rotational phenomena arising from the interaction between the OAM and magnetic lenses. First, the Zeeman coupling, proportional to the OAM and magnetic field strength, produces an OAM-independent Larmor rotation of a mode superposition inside the lens. Second, when passing through the focal plane, the electron beam acquires an additional Gouy phase dependent on the absolute value of the OAM. This brings about the Gouy rotation of the superposition image proportional to the sign of the OAM. A combination of the Larmor and Gouy effects can result in the addition (or subtraction) of rotations, depending on the OAM sign. This behavior is unique to electron vortex beams and has no optical counterpart, as Larmor rotation occurs only for charged particles. Our experimental results are in agreement with recent theoretical predictions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000315380800005	Publication Date	2013-02-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-9007;1079-7114;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.462	Times cited	91	Open Access
	Notes	Vortex; Countatoms ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.462; 2013 IF: 7.728
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:106181UA @ admin @ c:irua:106181			Serial	2422
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	Author	Lubk, A.; Béché, A.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Electron Microscopy of Probability Currents at Atomic Resolution			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Physical review letters	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev Lett
	Volume	115	Issue	115	Pages	176101
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy records the spatially resolved scattered electron density to infer positions, density, and species of atoms. These data are indispensable for studying the relation between structure and properties in solids. Here, we show how this signal can be augmented by the lateral probability current of the scattered electrons in the object plane at similar resolutions and fields of view. The currents are reconstructed from a series of three atomic resolution TEM images recorded under a slight difference of perpendicular line foci. The technique does not rely on the coherence of the electron beam and can be used to reveal electric, magnetic, and strain fields with incoherent electron beams as well as correlations in inelastic transitions, such as electron magnetic chiral dichroism.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000363023700011	Publication Date	2015-10-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-9007;1079-7114;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.462	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	J. V. and A. B. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7), ERC Starting Grant No. 278510 VORTEX. The Qu-Ant- EM microscope was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. All authors acknowledge financial support from the European Union under the Seventh Framework Program under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative. Reference No. 312483- ESTEEM2. J. V. acknowledges funding from the FWO under Project No. G.0044.13N.; esteem2jra2; esteem2jra3 ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.462; 2015 IF: 7.512
	Call Number	c:irua:129190 c:irua:129190UA @ admin @ c:irua:129190			Serial	3954
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	Author	Lubk, A.; Guzzinati, G.; Börrnert, F.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Transport of intensity phase retrieval of arbitrary wave fields including vortices			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Physical review letters	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev Lett
	Volume	111	Issue	17	Pages	173902-173905
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The phase problem can be considered as one of the cornerstones of quantum mechanics intimately connected to the detection process and the uncertainty relation. The latter impose fundamental limits on the manifold phase reconstruction schemes invented to date, in particular, at small magnitudes of the quantum wave. Here, we show that a rigorous solution of the transport of intensity reconstruction (TIE) scheme in terms of a linear elliptic partial differential equation for the phase provides reconstructions even in the presence of wave zeros if particular boundary conditions are given. We furthermore discuss how partial coherence hampers phase reconstruction and show that a modified version of the TIE reconstructs the curl-free current density at arbitrary (in)coherence. Our results open the way for TIE-based phase retrieval of arbitrary wave fields, eventually containing zeros such as phase vortices.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000326148400006	Publication Date	2013-10-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-9007;1079-7114;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.462	Times cited	40	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem2; Vortex; esteem2ta ECASJO;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.462; 2013 IF: 7.728
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:111093			Serial	3726
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	Author	Schattschneider, P.; Schachinger, T.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Ein Whirlpool aus Elektronen: Transmissions-Elektronenmikroskopie mit Elektronenwirbeln			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Physik in unserer Zeit	Abbreviated Journal	Phys. Unserer Zeit
	Volume	49	Issue	1	Pages	22-28
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Elektronen bewegen sich im feldfreien Raum immer gleichförmig geradlinig, so steht es in den Lehrbüchern. Falsch, sagen wir. Elektronen lassen sich zu Tornados formen, die theoretisch Nanopartikel zerreißen können. In der Elektronenmikroskopie eingesetzt, versprechen sie neue Erkenntnisse in der Festkörperphysik.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2018-01-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-9252	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @c:irua:148159			Serial	4806
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	Author	Park, D.-s.; Hadad, M.; Riemer, L.M.; Ignatans, R.; Spirito, D.; Esposito, V.; Tileli, V.; Gauquelin, N.; Chezganov, D.; Jannis, D.; Verbeeck, J.; Gorfman, S.; Pryds, N.; Muralt, P.; Damjanovic, D.
	Title	Induced giant piezoelectricity in centrosymmetric oxides			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	375	Issue	6581	Pages	653-657
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Giant piezoelectricity can be induced in centrosymmetric oxides by controlling the long-range motion of oxygen vacancies.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000753975300036	Publication Date	2022-02-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8075	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	56.9	Times cited	51	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	D.-S.P., V.E., N.P., P.M., and D.D. acknowledge the European Commission for project Biowings H2020 Fetopen 2018-2022 (grant no. 80127). N.P. acknowledges funding from the Villum Fonden for the NEED project (grant no. 00027993) and the Danish Council for Independent Research Technology and Production Sciences for the DFF-Research Project 3 (grant no. 00069B). S.G. acknowledges funding from the Israel Science Foundation (research grant 1561/18 and equipment grant 2247/18). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant no. 823717 – ESTEEM3. D.C. acknowledges TOP/BOF funding of the University of Antwerp. M.H. and P.M. acknowledge funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant nos. 200020-162664/1 and 200021-143424/1); esteem3reported; esteem3TA			Approved	Most recent IF: 56.9
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:185876			Serial	6909
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	Author	Guda, A.A.; Smolentsev, N.; Verbeeck, J.; Kaidashev, E.M.; Zubavichus, Y.; Kravtsova, A.N.; Polozhentsev, O.E.; Soldatov, A.V.
	Title	X-ray and electron spectroscopy investigation of the coreshell nanowires of ZnO:Mn			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Solid state communications	Abbreviated Journal	Solid State Commun
	Volume	151	Issue	19	Pages	1314-1317
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	ZnO/ZnO:Mn coreshell nanowires were studied by means of X-ray absorption spectroscopy of the Mn K- and L2,3-edges and electron energy loss spectroscopy of the O K-edge. The combination of conventional X-ray and nanofocused electron spectroscopies together with advanced theoretical analysis turned out to be fruitful for the clear identification of the Mn phase in the volume of the coreshell structures. Theoretical simulations of spectra, performed using the full-potential linear augmented plane wave approach, confirm that the shell of the nanowires, grown by the pulsed laser deposition method, is a real dilute magnetic semiconductor with Mn2+ atoms at the Zn sites, while the core is pure ZnO.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000295492200003	Publication Date	2011-06-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0038-1098;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.554	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	We acknowledge the Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin – Electron storage ring BESSY-II for provision of synchrotron radiation at the Russian-German beamline and financial support. This research was supported by the Russian Ministry to education and science (RPN 2.1.1. 5932 grant and RPN 2.1.1.6758 grant). N.S. and A.G. would like to thank the Russian Ministry of Education for providing the fellowships of President of Russian Federation to study abroad. We would like to thank the UGINFO computer center of Southern federal university for providing the computer time.			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.554; 2011 IF: 1.649
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:92831			Serial	3925
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	Author	Lebedev, O.I.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Amelinckx, S.; Ravazi, F.S.; Habermeier, H.-U.
	Title	Structure and microstructure of La_1-xSr_xMnO₃ (x=0.16) films grown on a SrTiO₃(110) substrate			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2001	Publication	Philosophical magazine: A: physics of condensed matter: defects and mechanical properties	Abbreviated Journal	Philos Mag A
	Volume	81	Issue	12	Pages	2865-2884
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000172348000008	Publication Date	2007-07-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0141-8610;1460-6992;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.136	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:57132			Serial	3290
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	Author	Lebedev, O.I.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Shapoval, O.; Belenchuk, A.; Moshnyaga, V.; Damaschke, B.; Samwer, K.
	Title	Structural phase transitions and stress accommodation in (La_0.67Ca_0.33MnO₃)_1.x:(MgO)_x composite films			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev B
	Volume	66	Issue	10	Pages	104421,1-10
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Composite (La0.67Ca0.33MnO3)(1-x):(MgO)(x) films were prepared by metalorganic aerosol deposition on a (100)MgO substrate for different concentrations of the (MgO) phase (0less than or equal toxless than or equal to0.8). At xapproximate to0.3 a percolation threshold in conductivity is reached, at which an infinite insulating MgO cluster forms around the La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 grains. This yields a drastic increase of the electrical resistance for films with x>0.3. The film structure is characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The local structure of the La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 within the film depends on the MgO concentration which grows epitaxially along the domain boundaries. A different structural phase transition from the orthorhombic Pnma structure to an unusual rhombohedral R (3) over barc structure at the percolation threshold xapproximate to0.3 is found for La0.67Ca0.33MnO3. A three-dimensional stress accommodation in thick films through a phase transition is suggested.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lancaster, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000178460900060	Publication Date	2002-09-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0163-1829;1095-3795;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.836	Times cited	48	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.836; 2002 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54740			Serial	3250
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	Author	Verbeeck, J.; Lebedev, O.I.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Mercey, B.
	Title	SrTiO₃(100)/(LaMnO₃)_m(SrMnO₃)_n layered heterostructures: a combined EELS and TEM study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev B
	Volume	66	Issue	18	Pages	184426
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Epitaxially grown heterostructures consisting of alternating layers of LaMnO(3) (LMO, 9 or 15 unit cells) and SrMnO(3) (SMO, 4 or 6 unit cells) on a SrTiO(3)(100) (STO(100)) substrate have been studied by a combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), electron diffraction, quantitative electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) with model fitting, energy filtered TEM (EFTEM) and imaging spectroscopy on an atomic scale. The combination of these techniques is necessary for the structural, chemical, and electronic characterization of these heterostructures. A model is proposed containing chemically and structurally sharp interfaces. The SrMnO(3) layers are stabilized in a Pm3m structure between two LMO layers. Tensile stress causes oxygen deficiency in the SMO layers increasing the number of 3d electrons on the Mn sites to resemble the Mn(3+) sites in LMO. The energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) of O and Mn is compared for both LMO and SMO layers and shows that the Mn-O bonds have a partially covalent character. The absence of a strong valency effect in the Mn ELNES is due to the oxygen vacancies in SMO.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lancaster, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000179633100062	Publication Date	2002-11-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0163-1829;1095-3795;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.836	Times cited	32	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.836; 2002 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54741			Serial	3563
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	Author	Van Dijck, J.G.; Mampuys, P.; Ching, H.Y.V.; Krishnan, D.; Baert, K.; Hauffman, T.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Doorslaer, S.; Maes, B.U.W.; Dorbec, M.; Buekenhoudt, A.; Meynen, V.
	Title	Synthesis – properties correlation and the unexpected role of the titania support on the Grignard surface modification			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Applied Surface Science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Surf Sci
	Volume	527	Issue		Pages	146851-17
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Organic synthesis (ORSY); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	While the impact of reaction conditions on surface modification with Grignard reactants has been studied for silica supports, such information is absent for metal oxides like titania. Differences between modified titania and silica are observed, making it paramount to explore the reaction mechanism. A detailed study on the impact of the reaction conditions is reported, with a focus on the chain length of the alkyl Grignard reactant, its concentration, the reaction time and temperature, and the type of titania support. While the increase in the chain length reduces the amount of organic groups on the surface, the concentration, time and temperature show little/no influence on the modification degree. However, the type of titania support used and the percentage of amorphous phase present has a significant impact on the amount of grafted groups. Even though the temperature and concentration show no clear impact on the modification degree, they can cause changes in the surface hydroxyl population, which are thus not linked to the modification degree. Furthermore, the titania support is reduced during functionalization. This reduction dependents on the reaction temperature, the titania support and the chain length of the Grignard reactant. Similarly, this reduction is not linked to the modification degree.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000564205300003	Publication Date	2020-06-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0169-4332	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.7	Times cited	5	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; The FWO (Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek) is gratefully acknowledged for the VITO-FWO grant of fellow Jeroen G. Van Dijck (11W9416N) and the financial support granted in project GO12712N. The E.U. is acknowledged for H.Y. Vincent Ching's H2020-MSCA-IF (grant number 792946, iSPY). Dileep Krishnan and Johan Verbeeck acknowledge funding from GOA project “solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.7; 2020 IF: 3.387
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:169722			Serial	6712
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	Author	Benedet, M.; Andrea Rizzi, G.; Gasparotto, A.; Gauquelin, N.; Orekhov, A.; Verbeeck, J.; Maccato, C.; Barreca, D.
	Title	Functionalization of graphitic carbon nitride systems by cobalt and cobalt-iron oxides boosts solar water oxidation performances			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Applied surface science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	618	Issue		Pages	156652
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The ever-increasing energy demand from the world population has made the intensive use of fossil fuels an overarching threat to global environment and human health. An appealing alternative is offered by sunlight-assisted photoelectrochemical water splitting to yield carbon-free hydrogen fuel, but kinetic limitations associated to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) render the development of cost-effective, eco-friendly and stable electrocatalysts an imperative issue. In the present work, OER catalysts based on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) were deposited on conducting glass substrates by a simple decantation procedure, followed by functionalization with low amounts of nanostructured CoO and CoFe2O4 by radio frequency (RF)-sputtering, and final annealing under inert atmosphere. A combination of advanced characterization tools was used to investigate the interplay between material features and electrochemical performances. The obtained results highlighted the formation of a p-n junction for the g-C3N4-CoO system, whereas a Z-scheme junction accounted for the remarkable performance enhancement yielded by g-C3N4-CoFe2O4. The intimate contact between the system components also afforded an improved electrocatalyst stability in comparison to various bare and functionalized g-C3N4-based systems. These findings emphasize the importance of tailoring g-C3N4 chemico-physical properties through the dispersion of complementary catalysts to fully exploit its applicative potential.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000950654300001	Publication Date	2023-02-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0169-4332	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.7	Times cited	11	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from CNR (Progetti di Ricerca @CNR – avviso 2020 – ASSIST), Padova University (P-DiSC#04BIRD2020-UNIPD EUREKA, DOR 2020–2022), AMGA Foundation (NYMPHEA project), INSTM Consortium (INSTM21PDGASPAROTTO – NANOMAT, INSTM21PDBARMAC – ATENA) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 823717 – ESTEEM3. The FWO-Hercules fund G0H4316N 'Direct electron detector for soft matter TEM' is also acknowledged. Many thanks are due to Prof. Luca Gavioli (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, Italy) and Dr. Riccardo Lorenzin (Department of Chemical Sciences, Padova University, Italy) for their invaluable technical support.; esteem3reported; esteem3TA			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.7; 2023 IF: 3.387
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:196150			Serial	7376
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	Author	Lamas, J.S.; Leroy, W.P.; Lu, Y.-G.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Depla, D.
	Title	Using the macroscopic scale to predict the nano-scale behavior of YSZ thin films			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Surface and coatings technology	Abbreviated Journal	Surf Coat Tech
	Volume	238	Issue		Pages	45-50
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In this work, Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films were deposited using dual reactive magnetron sputtering. By varying the deposition conditions, the film morphology and texture of the thin films are tuned and biaxial alignment is obtained. Studying the crystallographic and microstructural properties of the YSZ thin films, a tilted columnar growth was identified. This tilt is shown to be dependent on the compositional gradient of the sample. The variation of composition within a single YSZ column measured via STEM-EDX is demonstrated to be equal to the macroscopic variation on a full YSZ sample when deposited under the same deposition parameters. A simple stress model was developed to predict the tilt of the growing columns. The results indicate that this model not only determines the column bending of the growing film but also confirms that a macroscopic approach is sufficient to determine the compositional gradient in a single column of the YSZ thin films. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lausanne	Editor
	Language		Wos	000331028200005	Publication Date	2013-10-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0257-8972;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.589	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	246791 Countatoms; 278510 Vortex;Nmp3-La-2010-246102 Ifox; 312483 Esteem2; esteem2jra3 ECASJO;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.589; 2014 IF: 1.998
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115765			Serial	3827
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	Author	Prabhakara, V.; Jannis, D.; Béché, A.; Bender, H.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Strain measurement in semiconductor FinFET devices using a novel moiré demodulation technique			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Semiconductor science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Semicond Sci Tech
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Moiré fringes are used throughout a wide variety of applications in physics and engineering to bring out small variations in an underlying lattice by comparing with another reference lattice. This method was recently demonstrated in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy imaging to provide local strain measurement in crystals by comparing the crystal lattice with the scanning raster that then serves as the reference. The images obtained in this way contain a beating fringe pattern with a local period that represents the deviation of the lattice from the reference. In order to obtain the actual strain value, a region containing a full period of the fringe is required, which results in a compromise between strain sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this paper we propose an advanced setup making use of an optimised scanning pattern and a novel phase stepping demodulation scheme. We demonstrate the novel method on a series of 16 nm Si-Ge semiconductor FinFET devices in which strain plays a crucial role in modulating the charge carrier mobility. The obtained results are compared with both Nano-beam diffraction and the recently proposed Bessel beam diffraction technique. The setup provides a much improved spatial resolution over conventional moiré imaging in STEM while at the same time being fast and requiring no specialised diffraction camera as opposed to the diffraction techniques we compare to.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000537721200002	Publication Date	2019-11-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0268-1242	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.305	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	The Qu-Ant-EM microscope and the direct electron detector used in the diffraction experiments was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. This project has received funding from the GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp. We would also like to thank Dr. Thomas Nuytten and Prof. Dr. Wilfried Vandervorst from IMEC, Leuven for their continuous support and collaboration with the project.			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.305
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:165794			Serial	5445
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bhat, S.G.; Gauquelin, N.; Sebastian, N.K.; Sil, A.; Béché, A.; Verbeeck, J.; Samal, D.; Kumar, P.S.A.
	Title	Orthorhombic vs. hexagonal epitaxial SrIrO₃ thin films : structural stability and related electrical transport properties			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Europhysics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Epl-Europhys Lett
	Volume	122	Issue	2	Pages	28003
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Metastable orthorhombic SrIrO3 (SIO) is an arch-type spin-orbit coupled material. We demonstrate here a controlled growth of relatively thick (200 nm) SIO films that transform from bulk “6H-type” structure with monoclinic distortion to an orthorhombic lattice by controlling growth temperature. Extensive studies based on high-resolution X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy infer a two distinct structural phases of SIO. Electrical transport reveals a weak temperature-dependent semi-metallic character for both phases. However, the temperature-dependent Hall-coefficient for the orthorhombic SIO exhibits a prominent sign change, suggesting a multiband character in the vicinity of E-F. Our findings thus unravel the subtle structure-property relation in SIO epitaxial thin films. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2018
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Paris	Editor
	Language		Wos	000435517300001	Publication Date	2018-06-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0295-5075	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.957	Times cited	4	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; SGB and DS acknowledge useful discussions with E. P. Houwman, University of Twente, on X-ray diffraction. DS would like to thank H. Takagi, Max-Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, for the fruitful discussion on the transport properties of SIO thin films. SGB and NKS thank A. Aravind, Bishop Moore College, Mavelikara, for his valuable inputs while depositing the thin films of SIO. SGB, NKS and PSAK acknowledge Nano Mission Council, Department of Science & Technology, India, for the funding. DS acknowledges the financial support from Max-Planck Society through MaxPlanck Partner Group. NG, AB and JV acknowledge funding from GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp and FWO project G093417N. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.957
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:152074UA @ admin @ c:irua:152074			Serial	5034
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	Author	Samal, D.; Tan, H.; Takamura, Y.; Siemons, W.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Arenholz, E.; Jenkins, C.A.; Rijnders, G.; Koster, G.
	Title	Direct structural and spectroscopic investigation of ultrathin films of tetragonal CuO: Six-fold coordinated copper			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Europhysics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Epl-Europhys Lett
	Volume	105	Issue	1	Pages	17003-17005
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Unlike other 3d transition metal monoxides (MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO), CuO is found in a low-symmetry distorted monoclinic structure rather than the rocksalt structure. We report here of the growth of ultrathin CuO films on SrTiO3 substrates; scanning transmission electron microscopy was used to show the stabilization of a tetragonal rocksalt structure with an elongated c-axis such that c/a similar to 1.34 and the Cu-O-Cu bond angle similar to 180 degrees, pointing to metastable six-fold coordinated Cu. X-ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrates that the hole at the Cu site for the CuO is localized in 3d(x2-y2) orbital unlike the well-studied monoclinic CuO phase. The experimental confirmation of the tetragonal structure of CuO opens up new avenues to explore electronic and magnetic properties of six-fold coordinated Cu. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2014
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Paris	Editor
	Language		Wos	000331197100015	Publication Date	2014-01-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0295-5075;1286-4854;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.957	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes	This work was carried out with financial support from the AFOSR and EOARD projects (project No.: FA8655-10-1-3077) and also supported by funding from the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7), ERC grant No. 246791 – COUNTATOMS, ERC Starting Grant 278510 VORTEX, Grant No. NMP3-LA-2010-246102 IFOX and an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative, reference No. 312483-ESTEEM2. The Qu-Ant-EM microscope was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. Advanced Light Source is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. YT acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (DMR-0747896). WS was supported by the US DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.957; 2014 IF: 2.095
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115806UA @ admin @ c:irua:115806			Serial	722
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	Author	Van Boxem, R.; Verbeeck, J.; Partoens, B.
	Title	Spin effects in electron vortex states			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Europhysics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Epl-Europhys Lett
	Volume	102	Issue	4	Pages	40010-40016
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	The recent experimental realization of electron vortex beams opens up a wide research domain previously unexplored. The present paper explores the relativistic properties of these electron vortex beams, and quantifies deviations from the scalar wave theory. It is common in electron optics to use the Schrodinger equation neglecting spin. The present paper investigates the role of spin and the total angular momentum J(z) and how it pertains to the vortex states. As an application, we also investigate if it is possible to use holographic reconstruction to create novel total angular momentum eigenstates in a transmission electron microscope. It is demonstrated that relativistic spin coupling effects disappear in the paraxial limit, and spin effects in holographically created electron vortex beams can only be exploited by using specialized magnetic apertures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Paris	Editor
	Language		Wos	000321118600011	Publication Date	2013-06-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0295-5075;1286-4854;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.957	Times cited	11	Open Access
	Notes	312483 Esteem2; N246791 Countatoms; 278510 Vortex; esteem2jra1; esteem2jra3 ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.957; 2013 IF: 2.269
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109852			Serial	3087
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	Author	Lobato, I.; Van Aert, S.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Progress and new advances in simulating electron microscopy datasets using MULTEM			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	168	Issue	168	Pages	17-27
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A new version of the open source program MULTEM is presented here. It includes a graphical user interface, tapering truncation of the atomic potential, CPU multithreading functionality, single/double precision calculations, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) simulations using experimental detector sensitivities, imaging STEM (ISTEM) simulations, energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) simulations, STEM electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) simulations along with other improvements in the algorithms. We also present a mixed channeling approach for the calculation of inelastic excitations, which allows one to considerably speed up time consuming EFTEM/STEM-EELS calculations.
	Address	EMAT, University of Antwerp, Department of Physics, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Wos	000380754100003	Publication Date	2016-06-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	43	Open Access
	Notes	The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Union under the Seventh Framework Program under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative. Reference No. 312483- ESTEEM2. The authors acknowledge financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through project fundings (G.0374.13N, G.0369.15N and G.0368.15N).; esteem2jra3; esteem2na3; esteem2_jra2			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	c:irua:134088 c:irua:134088UA @ admin @ c:irua:134088			Serial	4093
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	Author	Béché, A.; Juchtmans, R.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Efficient creation of electron vortex beams for high resolution STEM imaging			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	178	Issue	178	Pages	12-19
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The recent discovery of electron vortex beams carrying quantised angular momentum in the TEM has led to an active field of research, exploring a variety of potential applications including the possibility of mapping magnetic states at the atomic scale. A prerequisite for this is the availability of atomic sized electron vortex beams at high beam current and mode purity. In this paper we present recent progress showing that by making use of the Aharonov-Bohm effect near the tip of a long single domain ferromagnetic Nickel needle, a very efficient aperture for the production of electron vortex beams can be realised. The aperture transmits more than 99% of all electrons and provides a vortex mode purity of up to 92%. Placing this aperture in the condenser plane of a state of the art Cs corrected microscope allows us to demonstrate atomic resolution HAADF STEM images with spatial resolution better than 1 Angstrom, in agreement with theoretical expectations and only slightly inferior to the performance of a non-vortex probe on the same instrument.
	Address	EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Wos	000403862900003	Publication Date	2016-05-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	30	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	A.B. and J.V. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7), ERC Starting Grant No. 278510 VORTEX. J.V. acknowledges funding from FWO project G.0044.13N ('Charge ordering').; ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	c:irua:134085 c:irua:134085UA @ admin @ c:irua:134085			Serial	4094
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	Author	Muller-Caspary, K.; Krause, F.F.; Grieb, T.; Loffler, S.; Schowalter, M.; Béché, A.; Galioit, V.; Marquardt, D.; Zweck, J.; Schattschneider, P.; Verbeeck, J.; Rosenauer, A.
	Title	Measurement of atomic electric fields and charge densities from average momentum transfers using scanning transmission electron microscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	178	Issue	178	Pages	62-80
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	This study sheds light on the prerequisites, possibilities, limitations and interpretation of high-resolution differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). We draw particular attention to the well-established DPC technique based on segmented annular detectors and its relation to recent developments based on pixelated detectors. These employ the expectation value of the momentum transfer as a reliable measure of the angular deflection of the STEM beam induced by an electric field in the specimen. The influence of scattering and propagation of electrons within the specimen is initially discussed separately and then treated in terms of a two-state channeling theory. A detailed simulation study of GaN is presented as a function of specimen thickness and bonding. It is found that bonding effects are rather detectable implicitly, e.g., by characteristics of the momentum flux in areas between the atoms than by directly mapping electric fields and charge densities. For strontium titanate, experimental charge densities are compared with simulations and discussed with respect to experimental artifacts such as scan noise. Finally, we consider practical issues such as figures of merit for spatial and momentum resolution, minimum electron dose, and the mapping of larger-scale, built-in electric fields by virtue of data averaged over a crystal unit cell. We find that the latter is possible for crystals with an inversion center. Concerning the optimal detector design, this study indicates that a sampling of 5mrad per pixel is sufficient in typical applications, corresponding to approximately 10x10 available pixels.
	Address	Institut fur Festkr perphysik, Universitat Bremen, Otto-Hahn-Allee 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Wos	000403862900009	Publication Date	2016-05-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	93	Open Access
	Notes	K.M.-C. acknowledges support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) under contract MU3660/1-1. This work was further supported by the DFG under contract RO2057/4-2 and O2057/11-1. J.V. and A.B. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the 7th Framework Program (FP7), and ERC Starting Grant No. 278510-VORTEX. Experimental results are obtained on the Qu-Ant-EM microscope partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish government. J.V. also acknowledges funding through a GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp. SL and PS acknowledge financial support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under grants No. I543-N20 and J3732-N27. ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	c:irua:134125UA @ admin @ c:irua:134125			Serial	4098
Permanent link to this record



	Author	van den Bos, K.H.W.; Krause, F.F.; Béché, A.; Verbeeck, J.; Rosenauer, A.; Van Aert, S.
	Title	Locating light and heavy atomic column positions with picometer precision using ISTEM			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	172	Issue	172	Pages	75-81
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Recently, imaging scanning transmission electron microscopy (ISTEM) has been proposed as a promising new technique combining the advantages of conventional TEM (CTEM) and STEM [1]. The ability to visualize light and heavy elements together makes it a particularly interesting new, spatially incoherent imaging mode. Here, we evaluate this technique in term of precision with which atomic column locations can be measured. By using statistical parameter estimation theory, we will show that these locations can be accurately measured with a precision in the picometer range. Furthermore, a quantitative comparison is made with HAADF STEM imaging to investigate the advantages of ISTEM.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000390600200009	Publication Date	2016-10-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	The authors acknowledge financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through project fundings (G.0374.13N, G.0368.15N, G.0369.15N), and by a Ph.D. grant to K.H.W. van den Bos. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Contract No. RO 2057/4-2 and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 312483 – ESTEEM2. We thank Prof. G. Koster from the University of Twente for kindly providing us with the PbTiO3 test sample.			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:136109UA @ admin @ c:irua:136109			Serial	4288
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Gauquelin, N.; van den Bos, K.H.W.; Béché, A.; Krause, F.F.; Lobato, I.; Lazar, S.; Rosenauer, A.; Van Aert, S.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Determining oxygen relaxations at an interface: A comparative study between transmission electron microscopy techniques			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	181	Issue	181	Pages	178-190
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Nowadays, aberration corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a popular method to characterise nanomaterials at the atomic scale. Here, atomically resolved images of nanomaterials are acquired, where the contrast depends on the illumination, imaging and detector conditions of the microscope. Visualization of light elements is possible when using low angle annular dark field (LAADF) STEM, annular bright field (ABF) STEM, integrated differential phase contrast (iDPC) STEM, negative spherical aberration imaging (NCSI) and imaging STEM (ISTEM). In this work, images of a NdGaO3-La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (NGO-LSMO) interface are quantitatively evaluated by using statistical parameter estimation theory. For imaging light elements, all techniques are providing reliable results, while the techniques based on interference contrast, NCSI and ISTEM, are less robust in terms of accuracy for extracting heavy column locations. In term of precision, sample drift and scan distortions mainly limits the STEM based techniques as compared to NCSI. Post processing techniques can, however, partially compensate for this. In order to provide an outlook to the future, simulated images of NGO, in which the unavoidable presence of Poisson noise is taken into account, are used to determine the ultimate precision. In this future counting noise limited scenario, NCSI and ISTEM imaging will provide more precise values as compared to the other techniques, which can be related to the mechanisms behind the image recording.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000411170800022	Publication Date	2017-06-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	34	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors acknowledge financial support from Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through project fundings (G.0044.13N, G.0374.13N, G.0368.15N, G.0369.15N), and by a Ph.D. grant to K.H.W.v.d.B. The Qu-Ant-EM microscope used for this study was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. A.B. and N.G. acknowledge the EUROTAPES project (FP7-NMP.2011.2.2-1 Grant no.280432) which partly funded this study. N.G., A.B. and J.V. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7), ERC Starting Grant 278510 VORTEX. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Contract No. RO 2057/4-2 and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 312483 – ESTEEM2. We thank Prof. G. Koster from the University of Twente for kindly providing us with the LSMO-NGO test sample.			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:144435UA @ admin @ c:irua:144435			Serial	4620
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	Author	Vatanparast, M.; Egoavil, R.; Reenaas, T.W.; Verbeeck, J.; Holmestad, R.; Vullum, P.E.
	Title	Bandgap measurement of high refractive index materials by off-axis EELS			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	182	Issue		Pages	92-98
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In the present work Cs aberration corrected and monochromated scanning transmission electron microscopy electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS) has been used to explore experimental setups that allow bandgaps of high refractive index materials to be determined. Semi-convergence and collection angles in the mu rad range were combined with off-axis or dark field EELS to avoid relativistic losses and guided light modes in the low loss range to contribute to the acquired EEL spectra. Off-axis EELS further supressed the zero loss peak and the tail of the zero loss peak. The bandgap of several GaAs-based materials were successfully determined by simple regression analyses of the background subtracted EEL spectra. The presented set-up does not require that the acceleration voltage is set to below the. Cerenkov limit and can be applied over the entire acceleration voltage range of modern TEMs and for a wide range of specimen thicknesses. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000413436500013	Publication Date	2017-06-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	3	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; The authors would like to thank Professor Shu Min Wang and Mahdad Sadeghi at the Nanofabrication Laboratory at Chalmers University, Sweden for providing the samples. The Norwegian Research Council is acknowledged for funding the HighQ-IB project under contract no. 10415201. M.V. and T.W.R. acknowledge funding from the EEA Financial Mechanism 2009-2014 under the project contract no 23SEE/30.06.2014. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 312483 – ESTEEM2(Integrated Infrastructure Initiative-I3) through the system of transnational access. R.E. and J.V. acknowledge funding from GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:146639UA @ admin @ c:irua:146639			Serial	4778
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Verbeeck, J.; Béché, A.; Müller-Caspary, K.; Guzzinati, G.; Luong, M.A.; Den Hertog, M.
	Title	Demonstration of a 2 × 2 programmable phase plate for electrons			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	190	Issue		Pages	58-65
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	First results on the experimental realisation of a 2 × 2 programmable phase plate for electrons are presented. The design consists of an array of electrostatic elements that influence the phase of electron waves passing through 4 separately controllable aperture holes. This functionality is demonstrated in a conventional transmission electron microscope operating at 300 kV and results are in very close agreement with theoretical predictions. The dynamic creation of a set of electron probes with different phase symmetry is demonstrated, thereby bringing adaptive optics in TEM one step closer to reality. The limitations of the current design and how to overcome these in the future are discussed. Simulations show how further evolved versions of the current proof of concept might open new and exciting application prospects for beam shaping and aberration correction.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000432868800007	Publication Date	2018-04-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	73	Open Access	Not_Open_Access: Available from 19.04.2020
	Notes	J.V. and A.B. acknowledge funding from the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders FWO project G093417N and the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7), ERC Starting Grant 278510 VORTEX and ERC proof of concept project DLV-789598 ADAPTEM. The Qu-Ant-EM microscope used in this work was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. MdH acknowledges financial support from the ANRCOSMOS (ANR-12-JS10-0002). MdH and ML acknowledge funding from the Laboratoire d’excellence LANEF in Grenoble (ANR-10-LABX-51-01).			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:150459UA @ admin @ c:irua:150459			Serial	4920
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Korneychuk, S.; Partoens, B.; Guzzinati, G.; Ramaneti, R.; Derluyn, J.; Haenen, K.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Exploring possibilities of band gap measurement with off-axis EELS in TEM			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	189	Issue	189	Pages	76-84
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	A technique to measure the band gap of dielectric materials with high refractive index by means of energy electron loss spectroscopy (EELS) is presented. The technique relies on the use of a circular (Bessel) aperture and suppresses Cherenkov losses and surface-guided light modes by enforcing a momentum transfer selection. The technique also strongly suppresses the elastic zero loss peak, making the acquisition, interpretation and signal to noise ratio of low loss spectra considerably better, especially for excitations in the first few eV of the EELS spectrum. Simulations of the low loss inelastic electron scattering probabilities demonstrate the beneficial influence of the Bessel aperture in this setup even for high accelerating voltages. The importance of selecting the optimal experimental convergence and collection angles is highlighted. The effect of the created off-axis acquisition conditions on the selection of the transitions from valence to conduction bands is discussed in detail on a simplified isotropic two band model. This opens the opportunity for deliberately selecting certain transitions by carefully tuning the microscope parameters. The suggested approach is experimentally demonstrated and provides good signal to noise ratio and interpretable band gap signals on reference samples of diamond, GaN and AlN while offering spatial resolution in the nm range. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000432868500008	Publication Date	2018-03-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	7	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; S.K., B.P. and J.V. acknowledge funding from the “Geconcentreerde Onderzoekacties” (GOA) project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp. S.K. and J.V. also acknowledge the FWO-Vlaanderen for financial support under contract G.0044.13N 'Charge ordering'. Financial support via the Methusalem “NANO” network is acknowledged. GG acknowledges support from a postdoctoral fellowship grant from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen (FWO). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:151472UA @ admin @ c:irua:151472			Serial	5026
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Müller-Caspary, K.; Krause, F.F.; Winkler, F.; Béché, A.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Aert, S.; Rosenauer, A.
	Title	Comparison of first moment STEM with conventional differential phase contrast and the dependence on electron dose			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	203	Issue	203	Pages	95-104
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	This study addresses the comparison of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) measurements of momentum transfers using the first moment approach and the established method that uses segmented annular detectors. Using an ultrafast pixelated detector to acquire four-dimensional, momentum-resolved STEM signals, both the first moment calculation and the calculation of the differential phase contrast (DPC) signals are done for the same experimental data. In particular, we investigate the ability to correct the segment-based signal to yield a suitable approximation of the first moment for cases beyond the weak phase object approximation. It is found that the measurement of momentum transfers using segmented detectors can approach the first moment measurement as close as 0.13 h/nm in terms of a root mean square (rms) difference in 10 nm thick SrTiO3 for a detector with 16 segments. This amounts to 35% of the rms of the momentum transfers. In addition, we present a statistical analysis of the precision of first moment STEM as a function of dose. For typical experimental settings with recent hardware such as a Medipix3 Merlin camera attached to a probe-corrected STEM, we find that the precision of the measurement of momentum transfers stagnates above certain doses. This means that other instabilities such as specimen drift or scan noise have to be taken into account seriously for measurements that target, e.g., the detection of bonding effects in the charge density.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000465021000013	Publication Date	2018-12-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	25	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; The direct electron detector (Medipix3 Merlin) was funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. K. Muller-Caspary acknowledges funding from the Initiative and Network Fund of the Helmholtz Association within the framework of the Helmholtz Young Investigator Group moreSTEM (VH-NG-1317) at Forschungszentrum Julich, Germany. F. F. Krause acknowledges funding from the Central Research Development Fund of the University of Bremen, Germany. This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 770887). The authors acknowledge financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) and the Research Fund of the University of Antwerp. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:160213			Serial	5242
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	Author	Velazco, A.; Nord, M.; Béché, A.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Evaluation of different rectangular scan strategies for STEM imaging			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume		Issue		Pages	113021
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	STEM imaging is typically performed by raster scanning a focused electron probe over a sample. Here we investigate and compare three different scan patterns, making use of a programmable scan engine that allows to arbitrarily set the sequence of probe positions that are consecutively visited on the sample. We compare the typical raster scan with a so-called ‘snake’ pattern where the scan direction is reversed after each row and a novel Hilbert scan pattern that changes scan direction rapidly and provides an homogeneous treatment of both scan directions. We experimentally evaluate the imaging performance on a single crystal test sample by varying dwell time and evaluating behaviour with respect to sample drift. We demonstrate the ability of the Hilbert scan pattern to more faithfully represent the high frequency content of the image in the presence of sample drift. It is also shown that Hilbert scanning provides reduced bias when measuring lattice parameters from the obtained scanned images while maintaining similar precision in both scan directions which is especially important when e.g. performing strain analysis. Compared to raster scanning with flyback correction, both snake and Hilbert scanning benefit from dose reduction as only small probe movement steps occur.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000544042800007	Publication Date	2020-05-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.2	Times cited	13	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	A.V., A.B. and J.V. acknowledge funding through FWO project G093417N ('Compressed sensing enabling low dose imaging in transmission electron microscopy') from the Flanders Research Fund. M.N. received support for this work from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 838001. J.V acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 823717 – ESTEEM3.			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.2; 2020 IF: 2.843
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:169225			Serial	6369
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	Author	Fatermans, J.; den Dekker, Aj.; Müller-Caspary, K.; Gauquelin, N.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Aert, S.
	Title	Atom column detection from simultaneously acquired ABF and ADF STEM images			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	219	Issue		Pages	113046
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	In electron microscopy, the maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability rule has been introduced as a tool to determine the most probable atomic structure from high-resolution annular dark-field (ADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images exhibiting low contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Besides ADF imaging, STEM can also be applied in the annular bright-field (ABF) regime. The ABF STEM mode allows to directly visualize light-element atomic columns in the presence of heavy columns. Typically, light-element nanomaterials are sensitive to the electron beam, limiting the incoming electron dose in order to avoid beam damage and leading to images exhibiting low CNR. Therefore, it is of interest to apply the MAP probability rule not only to ADF STEM images, but to ABF STEM images as well. In this work, the methodology of the MAP rule, which combines statistical parameter estimation theory and model-order selection, is extended to be applied to simultaneously acquired ABF and ADF STEM images. For this, an extension of the commonly used parametric models in STEM is proposed. Hereby, the effect of specimen tilt has been taken into account, since small tilts from the crystal zone axis affect, especially, ABF STEM intensities. Using simulations as well as experimental data, it is shown that the proposed methodology can be successfully used to detect light elements in the presence of heavy elements.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000594768500005	Publication Date	2020-06-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.2	Times cited	9	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors acknowledge financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through project fundings (No. W.O.010.16N, No. G.0368.15N, No. G.0502.18N, EOS 30489208). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 770887). The authors acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 823717 – ESTEEM3. The direct electron detector (Medipix3, Quantum Detectors) was funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. K. M. C. acknowledges funding from the Initiative and Network Fund of the Helmholtz Association (Germany) under contract VH-NG-1317. The authors thank Mark Huijben from the University of Twente (Enschede, The Netherlands) for providing the LiMn2O4 sample used in section 4.2 of this study. N. G., J. V., and S. V. A. acknowledge funding from the University of Antwerp through the Concerted Research Actions (GOA) project Solarpaint and the TOP project.			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.2; 2020 IF: 2.843
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:169706			Serial	6373
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	Author	Prabhakara, V.; Jannis, D.; Guzzinati, G.; Béché, A.; Bender, H.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	HAADF-STEM block-scanning strategy for local measurement of strain at the nanoscale			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	219	Issue		Pages	113099
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Lattice strain measurement of nanoscale semiconductor devices is crucial for the semiconductor industry as strain substantially improves the electrical performance of transistors. High resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (HR-STEM) imaging is an excellent tool that provides spatial resolution at the atomic scale and strain information by applying Geometric Phase Analysis or image fitting procedures. However, HR-STEM images regularly suffer from scanning distortions and sample drift during image acquisition. In this paper, we propose a new scanning strategy that drastically reduces artefacts due to drift and scanning distortion, along with extending the field of view. It consists of the acquisition of a series of independent small subimages containing an atomic resolution image of the local lattice. All subimages are then analysed individually for strain by fitting a nonlinear model to the lattice images. The method allows flexible tuning of spatial resolution and the field of view within the limits of the dynamic range of the scan engine while maintaining atomic resolution sampling within the subimages. The obtained experimental strain maps are quantitatively benchmarked against the Bessel diffraction technique. We demonstrate that the proposed scanning strategy approaches the performance of the diffraction technique while having the advantage that it does not require specialized diffraction cameras.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000594768500006	Publication Date	2020-09-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.2	Times cited	4	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	A.B. D.J. and J.V. acknowledge funding through FWO project G093417N ('Compressed sensing enabling low dose imaging in transmission electron microscopy') from the Flanders Research Fund. J.V acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 823717 – ESTEEM3. The Qu-Ant-EM microscope and the direct electron detector used in the diffraction experiments was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. This project has received funding from the GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp. GG acknowledges support from a postdoctoral fellowship grant from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaanderen (FWO). Special thanks to Dr. Thomas Nuytten, Prof. Dr. Wilfried Vandervorst, Dr. Paola Favia, Dr. Olivier Richard from IMEC, Leuven and Prof. Dr. Sara Bals from EMAT, Antwerp for their continuous support and collaboration with the project and to the IMEC processing group for the device fabrication.			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.2; 2020 IF: 2.843
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:172485			Serial	6404
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	Author	Vanrompay, H.; Skorikov, A.; Bladt, E.; Béché, A.; Freitag, B.; Verbeeck, J.; Bals, S.
	Title	Fast versus conventional HAADF-STEM tomography of nanoparticles: advantages and challenges			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	221	Issue		Pages	113191
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	HAADF-STEM tomography is a widely used experimental technique for analyzing nanometer-scale crystalline structures of a large variety of materials in three dimensions. Unfortunately, the acquisition of conventional HAADF-STEM tilt series can easily take up one hour or more, depending on the complexity of the experiment. It is therefore far from straightforward to investigate samples that do not withstand long acquisition or to acquire large amounts of tilt series during a single TEM experiment. The latter would lead to the ability to obtain statistically meaningful 3D data, or to perform in situ 3D characterizations with a much shorter time resolution. Various HAADF-STEM acquisition strategies have been proposed to accelerate the tomographic acquisition and reduce the required electron dose. These methods include tilting the holder continuously while acquiring a projection “movie” and a hybrid, incremental, methodology which combines the benefits of the conventional and continuous technique. However, until now an experimental evaluation has been lacking. In this paper, the different acquisition strategies will be experimentally compared in terms of speed, resolution and electron dose. This evaluation will be performed based on experimental tilt series acquired for various metallic nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes. We discuss the data processing involved with the fast HAADF-STEM tilt series and provide a general guideline when which acquisition strategy should be preferentially used.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000612539600003	Publication Date	2020-12-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	15	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We acknowledge Prof. Luis M. Liz-Marzán and co-workers of the Bionanoplasmonics Laboratory, CIC biomaGUNE, Spain for providing the Au@Ag nanoparticles, Prof. Sara. E. Skrabalak and co-workers of Indiana University, United States for the provision of the Au octopods and Prof. Teri W. Odom of Northwestern University, United States for the provision of the Au nanostars. H.V. acknowledges financial support by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO grant 1S32617N). S.B acknowledges financial support by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO grant G.0381.16N). This project received funding as well from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 731019 (EUSMI) and No 815128 (REALNANO). The authors acknowledge the entire EMAT technical staff for their support.; sygma			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:174551			Serial	6660
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