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Author |
Fatermans, J.; den Dekker, Aj.; Müller-Caspary, K.; Gauquelin, N.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Aert, S. |
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Title |
Atom column detection from simultaneously acquired ABF and ADF STEM images |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year  |
2020 |
Publication |
Ultramicroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ultramicroscopy |
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Volume |
219 |
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Pages |
113046 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab |
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Abstract |
In electron microscopy, the maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability rule has been introduced as a tool to determine the most probable atomic structure from high-resolution annular dark-field (ADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images exhibiting low contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). Besides ADF imaging, STEM can also be applied in the annular bright-field (ABF) regime. The ABF STEM mode allows to directly visualize light-element atomic columns in the presence of heavy columns. Typically, light-element nanomaterials are sensitive to the electron beam, limiting the incoming electron dose in order to avoid beam damage and leading to images exhibiting low CNR. Therefore, it is of interest to apply the MAP probability rule not only to ADF STEM images, but to ABF STEM images as well. In this work, the methodology of the MAP rule, which combines statistical parameter estimation theory and model-order selection, is extended to be applied to simultaneously acquired ABF and ADF STEM images. For this, an extension of the commonly used parametric models in STEM is proposed. Hereby, the effect of specimen tilt has been taken into account, since small tilts from the crystal zone axis affect, especially, ABF STEM intensities. Using simulations as well as experimental data, it is shown that the proposed methodology can be successfully used to detect light elements in the presence of heavy elements. |
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Wos |
000594768500005 |
Publication Date |
2020-06-01 |
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ISSN |
0304-3991 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.2 |
Times cited |
9 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
The authors acknowledge financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through project fundings (No. W.O.010.16N, No. G.0368.15N, No. G.0502.18N, EOS 30489208). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 770887). The authors acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 823717 – ESTEEM3. The direct electron detector (Medipix3, Quantum Detectors) was funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. K. M. C. acknowledges funding from the Initiative and Network Fund of the Helmholtz Association (Germany) under contract VH-NG-1317. The authors thank Mark Huijben from the University of Twente (Enschede, The Netherlands) for providing the LiMn2O4 sample used in section 4.2 of this study. N. G., J. V., and S. V. A. acknowledge funding from the University of Antwerp through the Concerted Research Actions (GOA) project Solarpaint and the TOP project. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.2; 2020 IF: 2.843 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:169706 |
Serial |
6373 |
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