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	Author	Trenchev, G.; Kolev, S.; Kiss’ovski, Z.
	Title	Modeling a Langmuir probe in atmospheric pressure plasma at different EEDFs			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	26	Issue	26	Pages	055013
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	In this study, we present a computational model of a cylindrical electric probe in atmospheric pressure argon plasma. The plasma properties are varied in terms of density and electron temperature. Furthermore, results for plasmas with Maxwellian and non-Maxwellian electron energy distribution functions are also obtained and compared. The model is based on the fluid description of plasma within the COMSOL software package. The results for the ion saturation current are compared and show good agreement with existing analytical Langmuir probe theories. A strong dependence between the ion saturation current and electron transport properties was observed, and attributed to the effects of ambipolar diffusion.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000398327900002	Publication Date	2017-04-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1361-6595	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	4	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:141914			Serial	4535
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Tennyson, J.; Rahimi, S.; Hill, C.; Tse, L.; Vibhakar, A.; Akello-Egwel, D.; Brown, D.B.; Dzarasova, A.; Hamilton, J.R.; Jaksch, D.; Mohr, S.; Wren-Little, K.; Bruckmeier, J.; Agarwal, A.; Bartschat, K.; Bogaerts, A.; Booth, J.-P.; Goeckner, M.J.; Hassouni, K.; Itikawa, Y.; Braams, B.J.; Krishnakumar, E.; Laricchiuta, A.; Mason, N.J.; Pandey, S.; Petrovic, Z.L.; Pu, Y.-K.; Ranjan, A.; Rauf, S.; Schulze, J.; Turner, M.M.; Ventzek, P.; Whitehead, J.C.; Yoon, J.-S.
	Title	QDB: a new database of plasma chemistries and reactions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	26	Issue	26	Pages	055014
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	One of the most challenging and recurring problems when modeling plasmas is the lack of data on the key atomic and molecular reactions that drive plasma processes. Even when there are data for some reactions, complete and validated datasets of chemistries are rarely available. This hinders research on plasma processes and curbs development of industrial applications. The QDB project aims to address this problem by providing a platform for provision, exchange, and validation of chemistry datasets. A new data model developed for QDB is presented. QDB collates published data on both electron scattering and heavy-particle reactions. These data are formed into reaction sets, which are then validated against experimental data where possible. This process produces both complete chemistry sets and identifies key reactions that are currently unreported in the literature. Gaps in the datasets can be filled using established theoretical methods. Initial validated chemistry sets for SF6/CF4/O2 and SF6/CF4/N2/H2 are presented as examples.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000398394500001	Publication Date	2017-04-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1361-6595	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	18	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:142206			Serial	4549
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	Author	Sun, S.R.; Kolev, S.; Wang, H.X.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Investigations of discharge and post-discharge in a gliding arc: a 3D computational study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	26	Issue	26	Pages	055017
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	In this study we quantitatively investigate for the first time the plasma characteristics of an argon gliding arc with a 3D model. The model is validated by comparison with available experimental data from literature and a reasonable agreement is obtained for the calculated gas temperature and electron density. A complete arc cycle is modeled from initial ignition to arc decay. We investigate how the plasma characteristics, i.e., the electron temperature, gas temperature, reduced electric field, and the densities of electrons, Ar+ and Ar2+ ions and Ar(4s) excited states, vary over one complete arc cycle, including their behavior in the discharge and post-discharge. These plasma characteristics exhibit a different evolution over one arc cycle, indicating that either the active discharge stage or the post-discharge stage can be beneficial for certain applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000399278100002	Publication Date	2017-04-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1361-6595	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	11	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work is financially supported by the Methusalem financing, by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO) and by the IAP/7 (Inter-university Attraction Pole) program ‘Physical Chemistry of Plasma-Surface Interactions’ from the Belgian Federal Office for Science Policy (BELSPO). The work was carried out in part using the Turing HPC infrastructure of the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the Universiteit Antwerpen. This work was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11275021, 11575019). SR Sun thanks the financial support from the China Scholarship Council (CSC).			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:142204			Serial	4550
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	Author	Zhang, Y.; Wang, H.-yu; Zhang, Y.-ru; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Formation of microdischarges inside a mesoporous catalyst in dielectric barrier discharge plasmas			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	26	Issue	26	Pages	054002
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The formation process of a microdischarge (MD) in both μm- and nm-sized catalyst pores is simulated by a two-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision model. A parallel-plate dielectric barrier discharge configuration in filamentary mode is considered in ambient air. The discharge is powered by a high voltage pulse. Our calculations reveal that a streamer can penetrate into the surface features of a porous catalyst and MDs can be formed inside both μm- and nm-sized pores, yielding ionization inside the pore. For the μm-sized pores, the ionization mainly occurs inside the pore, while for the nm-sized pores the ionization is strongest near and inside the pore. Thus, enhanced discharges near and inside the mesoporous catalyst are observed. Indeed, the maximum values of the electric field, ionization rate and electron density occur near and inside the pore. The maximum electric field and electron density inside the pore first increase when the pore size rises from 4 nm to 10 nm, and then they decrease for the 100 nm pore, due to a more pronounced surface discharge for the smaller pores. However, the ionization rate is highest for the 100 nm pore due to the largest effective ionization region.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000399277700001	Publication Date	2017-04-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1361-6595	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	15	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work was supported by the NSFC (11405067, 11275007, 11375163). Y Zhang gratefully acknowledges the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office for financial support. The authors are very grateful to Wei Jiang for the useful discussions on the photo-ionization model and the particle-incell/ Monte-Carlo model.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:142806			Serial	4566
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Berthelot, A.; Heijkers, S.; Kolev, S.; Snoeckx, R.; Sun, S.; Trenchev, G.; Van Laer, K.; Wang, W.
	Title	CO₂conversion by plasma technology: insights from modeling the plasma chemistry and plasma reactor design			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	26	Issue	26	Pages	063001
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	In recent years there has been growing interest in the use of plasma technology for CO2 conversion. To improve this application, a good insight into the underlying mechanisms is of great importance. This can be obtained from modeling the detailed plasma chemistry in order to understand the chemical reaction pathways leading to CO2 conversion (either in pure form or mixed with another gas). Moreover, in practice, several plasma reactor types are being investigated for CO2 conversion, so in addition it is essential to be able to model these reactor geometries so that their design can be improved, and the most energy efficient CO2 conversion can be achieved. Modeling the detailed plasma chemistry of CO2 conversion in complex reactors is, however, very time-consuming. This problem can be overcome by using a combination of two different types of model: 0D chemical reaction kinetics models are very suitable for describing the detailed plasma chemistry, while the characteristic features of different reactor geometries can be studied by 2D or 3D fluid models. In the first instance the latter can be developed in argon or helium with a simple chemistry to limit the calculation time; however, the ultimate aim is to implement the more complex CO2 chemistry in these models. In the present paper, examples will be given of both the 0D plasma chemistry models and the 2D and 3D fluid models for the most common plasma reactors used for CO2 conversion in order to emphasize the complementarity of both approaches. Furthermore, based on the modeling insights, the paper discusses the possibilities and limitations of plasma-based CO2 conversion in different types of plasma reactors, as well as what is needed to make further progress in this field.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000412173700001	Publication Date	2017-05-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1361-6595	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	26	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We would like to thank T Silva, N Britoun, Th Godfroid and R Snyders (Université de Mons and Materia Nova Research Center), A Ozkan, Th Dufour and F Reniers (Université Libre de Bruxelles) andK Van Wesenbeeck and S Lenaerts (University of Antwerp) for providingexperimental data to validate our models. Furthermore, we acknowledge the financial support from the IAP/7 (Inter-university Attraction Pole) program ‘PSI-Physical Chemistry of Plasma-Surface Interactions’ by the Belgian Federal Office for Science Policy (BELSPO), the Francqui Research Foundation, the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 606889, the European Marie Skłodowska- Curie Individual Fellowship project ‘GlidArc’ within Horizon2020, the Methusalem financing of the University of Antwerp, the Fund for Scientific Research, Flanders (FWO; grant nos. G.0383.16N and 11U5316N) and the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT Flanders). The calculations were carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:144429			Serial	4614
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	Author	Van Laer, K.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	How bead size and dielectric constant affect the plasma behaviour in a packed bed plasma reactor: a modelling study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	26	Issue	26	Pages	085007
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Packed bed plasma reactors (PBPRs) are gaining increasing interest for use in environmental applications, such as greenhouse gas conversion into value-added chemicals or renewable fuels and volatile pollutant removal (e.g. NOx, VOC, K), as they enhance the conversion and energy efficiency of the process compared to a non-packed reactor. However, the plasma behaviour in a PBPR is not well understood. In this paper we demonstrate, by means of a fluid model, that the discharge behaviour changes considerably when changing the size of the packing beads and their dielectric constant, while keeping the interelectrode spacing constant. At low dielectric constant, the plasma is spread out over the full discharge gap, showing significant density in the voids as well as in the connecting void channels. The electric current profile shows a strong peak during each half cycle. When the dielectric constant increases, the plasma becomes localised in the voids, with a current profile consisting of many smaller peaks during each half cycle. For large bead sizes, the shift from full gap discharge to localised discharges takes place at a higher dielectric constant than for smaller beads. Furthermore, smaller beads or beads with a lower dielectric constant require a higher breakdown voltage to cause plasma formation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000406503600003	Publication Date	2017-07-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1361-6595	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	22	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	K Van Laer is indebted to the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT Flanders) for financial support. This research was carried out in the framework of the network on Physical Chemistry of Plasma-Surface Interactions – Interuniversity Attraction Poles, phase VII (http://psi-iap7.ulb.ac.be/), and supported by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO). The calculations were carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:144796			Serial	4635
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Woo, S.Y.; Gauquelin, N.; Nguyen, H.P.T.; Mi, Z.; Botton, G.A.
	Title	Interplay of strain and indium incorporation in InGaN/GaN dot-in-a-wire nanostructures by scanning transmission electron microscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Nanotechnology	Abbreviated Journal	Nanotechnology
	Volume	26	Issue	26	Pages	344002
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The interplay between strain and composition is at the basis of heterostructure design to engineer new properties. The influence of the strain distribution on the incorporation of indium during the formation of multiple InGaN/GaN quantum dots (QDs) in nanowire (NW) heterostructures has been investigated, using the combined techniques of geometric phase analysis of atomic-resolution images and quantitative elemental mapping from core-loss electron energy-loss spectroscopy within scanning transmission electron microscopy. The variation in In-content between successive QDs within individual NWs shows a dependence on the magnitude of compressive strain along the growth direction within the underlying GaN barrier layer, which affects the incorporation of In-atoms to minimize the local effective strain energy. Observations suggest that the interfacial misfit between InGaN/GaN within the embedded QDs is mitigated by strain partitioning into both materials, and results in normal stresses inflicted by the presence of the surrounding GaN shell. These experimental measurements are linked to the local piezoelectric polarization fields for individual QDs, and are discussed in terms of the photoluminescence from an ensemble of NWs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000359079500003	Publication Date	2015-08-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0957-4484	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.44	Times cited	19	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.44; 2015 IF: 3.821
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:136278			Serial	4504
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	Author	Denneulin, T.; Rouvière, J.L.; Béché, A.; Py, M.; Barnes, J.P.; Rochat, N.; Hartmann, J.M.; Cooper, D.
	Title	The reduction of the substitutional C content in annealed Si/SiGeC superlattices studied by dark-field electron holography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Semiconductor science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Semicond Sci Tech
	Volume	26	Issue	12	Pages	1-10
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Si/Si(1 − x − y)GexCy superlattices are used in the construction of new microelectronic architectures such as multichannel transistors. The introduction of carbon in SiGe allows for compensation of the strain and to avoid plastic relaxation. However, the formation of incoherent β-SiC clusters during annealing limits the processability of SiGeC. This precipitation leads to a modification of the strain in the alloy due to the reduction of the substitutional carbon content. Here, we investigated the strain in annealed Si/Si0.744Ge0.244C0.012 superlattices grown by reduced pressure chemical vapour deposition using dark-field electron holography. The variation of the substitutional C content was calculated by correlating the results with finite-element simulations. The obtained values were then compared with Fourier-transformed infrared spectrometry measurements. It was shown that after annealing for 2 min at 1050 °C carbon no longer has any influence on strain in the superlattice, which behaves like pure SiGe. However, a significant proportion of substitutional C atoms remain in a third-nearest neighbour (3nn) configuration. It was deduced that the influence of 3nn C on strain is negligible and that only isolated atoms have a significant contribution. It was also proposed that the 3nn configuration is an intermediary step during the formation of SiC clusters.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000300151300010	Publication Date	2011-11-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0268-1242	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.305	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.305; 2011 IF: 1.723
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:136427			Serial	4508
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	Author	Ramakers, M.; Medrano, J.A.; Trenchev, G.; Gallucci, F.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Revealing the arc dynamics in a gliding arc plasmatron: a better insight to improve CO₂conversion			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	26	Issue	12	Pages	125002
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	A gliding arc plasmatron (GAP) is very promising for CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals, but to further improve this important application, a better understanding of the arc behavior is indispensable. Therefore, we study here for the first time the dynamic arc behavior of the GAP by means of a high-speed camera, for different reactor configurations and in a wide range of operating conditions. This allows us to provide a complete image of the behavior of the gliding arc. More specifically, the arc body shape, diameter, movement and rotation speed are analyzed and discussed. Clearly, the arc movement and shape relies on a number of factors, such as gas turbulence, outlet diameter, electrode surface, gas contraction and buoyance force. Furthermore, we also compare the experimentally measured arc movement to a state-of-the-art 3D-plasma model, which predicts the plasma movement and rotation speed with very good accuracy, to gain further insight in the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we correlate the arc dynamics with the CO2 conversion and energy efficiency, at exactly the same conditions, to explain the effect of these parameters on the CO2 conversion process. This work is important for understanding and optimizing the GAP for CO2 conversion.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000414675000001	Publication Date	2017-11-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1361-6595	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	7	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work was supported by the Belgian Federal Office for Science Policy (BELSPO) and the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO; grant numbers G.0383.16N and 11U5316N).			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:147023			Serial	4761
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	Author	Berthelot, A.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Modeling of CO₂plasma: effect of uncertainties in the plasma chemistry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	26	Issue	11	Pages	115002
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Low-temperature plasma chemical kinetic models are particularly important to the plasma community. These models typically require dozens of inputs, especially rate coefficients. The latter are not always precisely known and it is not surprising that the error on the rate coefficient data can propagate to the model output. In this paper, we present a model that uses N = 400 different combinations of rate coefficients based on the uncertainty attributed to each rate coefficient, giving a good estimation of the uncertainty on the model output due to the rate coefficients. We demonstrate that the uncertainty varies a lot with the conditions and the type of output. Relatively low uncertainties (about 15%) are found for electron density and temperature, while the uncertainty can reach more than an order of magnitude for the population of the vibrational levels in some cases and it can rise up to 100% for the CO2 conversion. The reactions that are mostly responsible for the largest uncertainties are identified. We show that the conditions of pressure, gas temperature and power density have a great effect on the uncertainty and on which reactions lead to this uncertainty. In all the cases tested here, while the absolute values may suffer from large uncertainties, the trends observed in previous modeling work are still valid. Finally, in accordance with the work of Turner, a number of ‘good practices’ is recommended.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000413216500002	Publication Date	2017-10-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1361-6595	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	16	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We acknowledge financial support from the European Unions Seventh Framework Program for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement n◦ 606889. The calculations were carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UA.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:146879c:irua:146642			Serial	4758
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	Author	van Malderen, H.; Rojas, C.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Characterization of individual giant aerosol particles above the North Sea			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1992	Publication	Environmental science and technology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	26	Issue		Pages	750-756
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1992HL93600020	Publication Date	2005-03-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936x; 1520-5851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:2827			Serial	7625
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	Author	Xhoffer, C.; Wouters, L.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Characterization of individual particles in the North Sea surface microlayer and underlying seawater: comparison with atmospheric particles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1992	Publication	Environmental science and technology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	26	Issue		Pages	2151-2162
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1992JV98900019	Publication Date	2005-03-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936x; 1520-5851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:2841			Serial	7627
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	Author	Dierck, I.; Michaud, D.; Wouters, L.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Laser microprobe mass analysis of individual North Sea aerosol particles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1992	Publication	Environmental science and technology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	26	Issue		Pages	802-808
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1992HL93600028	Publication Date	2005-03-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936x; 1520-5851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:2828			Serial	8161
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Pereira, J.M.; Peeters, F.M.; Chaves, A.; Farias, G.A.
	Title	Klein tunneling in single and multiple barriers in graphene			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Semiconductor science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Semicond Sci Tech
	Volume	25	Issue	3	Pages	033002,1-033002,9
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	We review the transmission properties of carriers interacting with potential barriers in graphene. The tunneling of electrons and holes in quantum structures in graphene is found to display features that are in marked contrast with those of other systems. In particular, the interaction between the carriers with electrostatic potential barriers can be related to the propagation of electromagnetic waves in media with negative refraction indices, also known as metamaterials. This behavior becomes evident as one calculates the time evolution of wavepackets propagating across the barrier interface. In addition, we discuss the effect of trigonal warping on the tunneling through potential barriers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000274318300004	Publication Date	2010-02-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0268-1242;1361-6641;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.305	Times cited	83	Open Access
	Notes	; We want to acknowledge our collaborators in this work: P Vasilopoulos and M Barbier. This work was supported by the Brazilian Council for Research (CNPq), the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO-Vl) and the Belgian Science Policy (IAP). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.305; 2010 IF: 1.333
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:80961			Serial	1764
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	Author	Zaghi, A.E.; Buffière, M.; Brammertz, G.; Batuk, M.; Lenaers, N.; Kniknie, B.; Hadermann, J.; Meuris, M.; Poortmans, J.; Vleugels, J.
	Title	Mechanical synthesis of high purity Cu-In-Se alloy nanopowder as precursor for printed CISe thin film solar cells			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Advanced powder technology	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Powder Technol
	Volume	25	Issue	4	Pages	1254-1261
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Mechanical alloying and ball milling are low cost, up-scalable techniques for the preparation of high purity chalcogenide nanopowders to be used as precursor material for printing thin film solar cells. In this study, high purity copper indium selenium (Cu-In-Se) alloy nanopowders with 20-200 nm particle size were synthesized from macroscopic elemental Cu, In and Se powders via mechanical alloying and planetary ball milling. The particle size distribution, morphology, composition, and purity level of the synthesized Cu-In-Se alloy nanopowders were investigated. Thin Cu-In-Se alloy nanopowder ink coatings, deposited on Mo-coated glass substrates by doctor blading, were converted into a CuInSe2 semiconductor film by selenization heat treatment in Se vapor. The CuInSe2 film showed semiconducting band gap around 1 eV measured by photoluminescence spectroscopy. CuInSe2 absorber layer based thin film solar cell devices were fabricated to assess their performance. The solar cell device showed a total efficiency of 4.8%, as measured on 0.25 cm(2) area cell. (c) 2014 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Zeist	Editor
	Language		Wos	000341871700015	Publication Date	2014-03-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-8831;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.659	Times cited	10	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.659; 2014 IF: 2.638
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:119896			Serial	1977
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	Author	Croitoru, M.D.; Vagov, A.; Shanenko, A.A.; Axt, V.M.
	Title	The Cooper problem in nanoscale : enhancement of the coupling due to confinement			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Superconductor science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Supercond Sci Tech
	Volume	25	Issue	12	Pages	124001-124005
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	In 1956 Cooper demonstrated (1956 Phys. Rev. 104 1189) that, no matter how weak the attraction is, two electrons in three-dimensional (3D) space just above the Fermi sea could be bound. In this work we investigate the influence of confinement on the binding energy of a Cooper pair. We show that confinement-induced modification of the Fermi sea results in a significant increase of the binding energy, when the bottom of an energy subband is very close to the Fermi surface.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000311418100004	Publication Date	2012-11-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0953-2048;1361-6668;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.878	Times cited	9	Open Access
	Notes	; MDC acknowledges support by the European Community under the Marie Curie IEF Action (Grant Agreement No. PIEF-GA-2009-235486-ScQSR). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.878; 2012 IF: 2.758
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:105121			Serial	3573
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	Author	Van Laer, K.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Fluid modelling of a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	25	Issue	25	Pages	015002
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	A packed bed dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor is computationally studied with a fluid model. Two different complementary axisymmetric 2D geometries are used to mimic the intrinsic 3D problem. It is found that a packing enhances the electric field strength and electron temperature at the contact points of the dielectric material due to polarization of the beads by the applied potential. As a result, these contact points prove to be of direct importance to initiate the plasma. At low applied potential, the discharge stays at the contact points, and shows the properties of a Townsend discharge. When a high enough potential is applied, the plasma will be able to travel through the gaps in between the beads from wall to wall, forming a kind of glow discharge. Therefore, the inclusion of a so-called ‘channel of voids’ is indispensable in any type of packed bed modelling.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000370974800009	Publication Date	2015-12-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	50	Open Access
	Notes	The authors gratefully thank St Kolev for the many interesting discussions and the useful advise in setting up the models. This research was carried out in the framework of the network on Physical Chemistry of Plasma-Surface Interactions— Interuniversity Attraction Poles, phase VII (http://psi-iap7.ulb. ac.be/), and supported by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO). K Van Laer is indebted to the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT Flanders) for financial support.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	c:irua:129802			Serial	3982
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	Author	Belov, I.; Paulussen, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Appearance of a conductive carbonaceous coating in a CO₂dielectric barrier discharge and its influence on the electrical properties and the conversion efficiency			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	25	Issue	25	Pages	015023
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	This work examines the properties of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, built for CO2 decomposition, by means of electrical characterization, optical emission spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The discharge, formed in an electronegative gas (such as CO2, but also O2), exhibits clearly different electrical characteristics, depending on the surface conductivity of the reactor walls. An asymmetric current waveform is observed in the metaldielectric (MD) configuration, with sparse high-current pulses in the positive half-cycle (HC) and a more uniform regime in the negative HC. This indicates that the discharge is operating in two alternating regimes with rather different properties. At high CO2 conversion regimes, a conductive coating is deposited on the dielectric. This so-called coated MD configuration yields a symmetric current waveform, with current peaks in both the positive and negative HCs. In a double-dielectric (DD) configuration, the current waveform is also symmetric, but without current peaks in both the positive and negative HC. Finally, the DD configuration with conductive coating on the inner surface of the outer dielectric, i.e. so-called coated DD, yields again an asymmetric current waveform, with current peaks in the negative HC. These different electrical characteristics are related to the presence of the conductive coating on the dielectric wall of the reactor and can be explained by an increase of the local barrier capacitance available for charge transfer. The different discharge regimes affect the CO2 conversion, more specifically, the CO2 conversion is lowest in the clean DD configuration. It is somewhat higher in the coated DD configuration, and still higher in the MD configuration. The clean and coated MD configuration, however, gave similar CO2 conversion. These results indicate that the conductivity of the dielectric reactor walls can highly promote the development of the high-amplitude discharge current pulses and subsequently the CO2 conversion.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000370974800030	Publication Date	2016-01-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes	The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN) under Grant Agreement № 606889 (RAPID—Reactive Atmospheric Plasma processIng—eDucation network).			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	c:irua:130790			Serial	4006
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	Author	Ozkan, A.; Dufour, T.; Silva, T.; Britun, N.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A.; Reniers, F.
	Title	The influence of power and frequency on the filamentary behavior of a flowing DBD—application to the splitting of CO₂			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	25	Issue	25	Pages	025013
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	In this experimental study, a flowing dielectric barrier discharge operating at atmospheric pressure is used for the splitting of CO2 into O2 and CO. The influence of the applied frequency and plasma power on the microdischarge properties is investigated to understand their role on the CO2 conversion. Electrical measurements are carried out to explain the conversion trends and to characterize the microdischarges through their number, their lifetime, their intensity and the induced electrical charge. Their influence on the gas and electrode temperatures is also evidenced through optical emission spectroscopy and infrared imaging. It is shown that, in our configuration, the conversion depends mostly on the charge delivered in the plasma and not on the effective plasma voltage when the applied power is modified. Similarly, at constant total current, a better conversion is observed at low frequencies, where a less filamentary discharge regime with a higher effective plasma voltage than that at a higher frequency is obtained.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000372337900015	Publication Date	2016-02-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	40	Open Access
	Notes	The authors acknowledge financial support from the IAPVII/ 12, P7/34 (Inter-university Attraction Pole) program ‘PSI-Physical Chemistry of Plasma-Surface Interactions’, financially supported by the Belgian Federal Office for Science Policy (BELSPO). A Ozkan would like to thank the financial support given by ‘Fonds David et Alice Van Buuren’. N Britun is a postdoctoral researcher of the F.R.S.-FNRS, Belgium.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	c:irua:131904			Serial	4021
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	Author	Trenchev, G.; Kolev, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	A 3D model of a reverse vortex flow gliding arc reactor			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	25	Issue	25	Pages	035014
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	In this computational study, a gliding arc plasma reactor with a reverse-vortex flow stabilization is modelled for the first time by a fluid plasma description. The plasma reactor operates with argon gas at atmospheric pressure. The gas flow is simulated using the k-ε Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulent model. A quasi-neutral fluid plasma model is used for computing the plasma properties. The plasma arc movement in the reactor is observed, and the results for the gas flow, electrical characteristics, plasma density, electron temperature, and gas temperature are analyzed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000376557400022	Publication Date	2016-04-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	20	Open Access
	Notes	This research was carried out in the framework of the network on Physical Chemistry of Plasma–Surface Interactions— Interuniversity Attraction Poles, phase VII (http://psi-iap7.ulb. ac.be/), and supported by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), and it was also funded by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO). Grant number: 11U5316N.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	c:irua:132888 c:irua:132888			Serial	4063
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	Author	Ozkan, A.; Dufour, T.; Bogaerts, A.; Reniers, F.
	Title	How do the barrier thickness and dielectric material influence the filamentary mode and CO₂conversion in a flowing DBD?			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	25	Issue	25	Pages	045016
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are commonly used to generate cold plasmas at atmospheric pressure. Whatever their configuration (tubular or planar), the presence of a dielectric barrier is mandatory to prevent too much charge build up in the plasma and the formation of a thermal arc. In this article, the role of the barrier thickness (2.0, 2.4 and 2.8 mm) and of the kind of dielectric material (alumina, mullite, pyrex, quartz) is investigated on the filamentary behavior in the plasma and on the CO2 conversion in a tubular flowing DBD, by means of mass spectrometry measurements correlated with electrical characterization and IR imaging. Increasing the barrier thickness decreases the capacitance, while preserving the electrical charge. As a result, the voltage over the dielectric increases and a larger number of microdischarges is generated, which enhances the CO2 conversion. Furthermore, changing the dielectric material of the barrier, while keeping the same geometry and dimensions, also affects the CO2 conversion. The highest CO2 conversion and energy efficiency are obtained for quartz and alumina, thus not following the trend of the relative permittivity. From the electrical characterization, we clearly demonstrate that the most important parameters are the somewhat higher effective plasma voltage (yielding a somewhat higher electric field and electron energy in the plasma) for quartz, as well as the higher plasma current (and thus larger electron density) and the larger number of microdischarge filaments (mainly for alumina, but also for quartz). The latter could be correlated to the higher surface roughness for alumina and to the higher voltage over the dielectric for quartz.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000380380200030	Publication Date	2016-06-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	24	Open Access
	Notes	The authors acknowledge financial support from the IAPVII/ 12, P7/34 (Inter-university Attraction Pole) program ‘PSI-Physical Chemistry of Plasma-Surface Interactions’, financially supported by the Belgian Federal Office for Science Policy (BELSPO). A. Ozkan would like to thank the financial support given by ‘Fonds David et Alice Van Buuren’.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	c:irua:134396			Serial	4100
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	Author	Berthelot, A.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Modeling of plasma-based CO₂conversion: lumping of the vibrational levels			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	25	Issue	25	Pages	045022
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Although CO2 conversion by plasma technology is gaining increasing interest, the underlying mechanisms for an energy-efficient process are still far from understood. In this work, a reduced non-equilibrium CO2 plasma chemistry set, based on level lumping of the vibrational levels, is proposed and the reliability of this level-lumping method is tested by a self-consistent zero-dimensional code. A severe reduction of the number of equations to be solved is achieved, which is crucial to be able to model non-equilibrium CO2 plasmas by 2-dimensional models. Typical conditions of pressure and power used in a microwave plasma for CO2 conversion are investigated. Several different sets, using different numbers of lumped groups, are considered. The lumped models with 1, 2 or 3 groups are able to reproduce the gas temperature, electron density and electron temperature profiles, as calculated by the full model treating all individual excited levels, in the entire pressure range investigated. Furthermore, a 3-groups model is also able to reproduce the shape of the vibrational distribution function (VDF) and gives the most reliable prediction of the CO2 conversion. A strong influence of the vibrational excitation on the plasma characteristics is observed. Finally, the limitations of the lumped-levels method are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000380380200036	Publication Date	2016-07-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	33	Open Access
	Notes	This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 606889 and it was also carried out in the framework of the network on Physical Chemistry of Plasma-Surface Interactions—Interuniversity Attraction Poles, phase VII (PSI-IAP7) supported by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO). The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UA.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	c:irua:134397			Serial	4101
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	Author	Ozkan, A.; Dufour, T.; Silva, T.; Britun, N.; Snyders, R.; Reniers, F.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	DBD in burst mode: solution for more efficient CO₂conversion?			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	25	Issue	25	Pages	055005
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	CO2 conversion into value-added products has gained significant interest over the few last years, as the greenhouse gas concentrations constantly increase due to anthropogenic activities. Here we report on experiments for CO2 conversion by means of a cold atmospheric plasma using a cylindrical flowing dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. A detailed comparison of this DBD ignited in a so-called burst mode (i.e. where an AC voltage is applied during a limited amount of time) and pure AC mode is carried out to evaluate their effect on the conversion of CO2 as well as on the energy efficiency. Decreasing the duty cycle in the burst mode from 100% (i.e. corresponding to pure AC mode) to 40% leads to a rise in the conversion from 16–26% and to a rise in the energy efficiency from 15 to 23%. Based on a detailed electrical analysis, we show that the conversion correlates with the features of the microfilaments. Moreover, the root-mean-square voltage in the burst mode remains constant as a function of the process time for the duty cycles <70%, while a higher duty cycle or the usual pure AC mode leads to a clear voltage decay by more than 500 V, over approximately 90 s, before reaching a steady state regime. The higher plasma voltage in the burst mode yields a higher electric field. This causes the increasing the electron energy, and therefore their involvement in the CO2 dissociation process, which is an additional explanation for the higher CO2 conversion and energy efficiency in the burst mode.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000403945500005	Publication Date	2016-08-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1361-6595	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	17	Open Access
	Notes	The authors acknowledge financial support from the IAPVII/ 12, P7/34 (Inter-university Attraction Pole) program ‘PSI-Physical Chemistry of Plasma-Surface Interactions’, financially supported by the Belgian Federal Office for Science Policy (BELSPO). A. Ozkan would also like to thank financial support given by ‘Fonds David et Alice Van Buuren’.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	c:irua:134841			Serial	4107
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Wang, W.; Berthelot, A.; Guerra, V.
	Title	Modeling plasma-based CO₂conversion: crucial role of the dissociation cross section			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	25	Issue	25	Pages	055016
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Plasma-based CO2 conversion is gaining increasing interest worldwide. A large research effort is devoted to improving the energy efficiency. For this purpose, it is very important to understand the underlying mechanisms of the CO2 conversion. The latter can be obtained by computer modeling, describing in detail the behavior of the various plasma species and all relevant chemical processes. However, the accuracy of the modeling results critically depends on the accuracy of the assumed input data, like cross sections. This is especially true for the cross section of electron impact dissociation, as the latter process is believed to proceed through electron impact excitation, but it is not clear from the literature which excitation channels effectively lead to dissociation. Therefore, the present paper discusses the effect of different electron impact dissociation cross sections reported in the literature on the calculated CO2 conversion, for a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and a microwave (MW) plasma. Comparison is made to experimental data for the DBD case, to elucidate which cross section might be the most realistic. This comparison reveals that the cross sections proposed by Itikawa and by Polak and Slovetsky both seem to underestimate the CO2 conversion. The cross sections recommended by Phelps with thresholds of 7 eV and 10.5 eV yield a CO2 conversion only slightly lower than the experimental data, but the sum of both cross sections overestimates the values, indicating that these cross sections represent dissociation, but most probably also include other (pure excitation) channels. Our calculations indicate that the choice of the electron impact dissociation cross section is crucial for the DBD, where this process is the dominant mechanism for CO2 conversion. In the MW plasma, it is only significant at pressures up to 100 mbar, while it is of minor importance for higher pressures, when dissociation proceeds mainly through collisions of CO2 with heavy particles.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000384030600001	Publication Date	2016-08-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1361-6595	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	57	Open Access
	Notes	The authors would like to thank R Snoeckx and S Heijkers for the interesting discussions. This research was supported by the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no. 606889, the European Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship project ‘GlidArc’ within Horizon2020, the FWO project (grant G.0383.16N), and the Network on Physical Chemistry of Plasma-Surface Interactions—Interuniversity Attraction Poles, phase VII (PSI-IAP7), supported by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO). The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UA. VG was partially supported by the Portuguese FCT— Fundação para a Ci			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	c:irua:135070			Serial	4111
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	Author	Wang, W.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Effective ionisation coefficients and critical breakdown electric field of CO₂at elevated temperature: effect of excited states and ion kinetics			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	25	Issue	25	Pages	055025
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Electrical breakdown by the application of an electric field occurs more easily in hot gases than in cold gases because of the extra electron-species interactions that occur as a result of dissociation, ionization and excitation at higher temperature. This paper discusses some overlooked physics and clarifies inaccuracies in the evaluation of the effective ionization coefficients and the critical reduced breakdown electric field of CO2 at elevated temperature, considering the influence of excited states and ion kinetics. The critical reduced breakdown electric field is obtained by balancing electron generation and loss mechanisms using the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) derived from the Boltzmann transport equation under the two-term approximation. The equilibrium compositions of the hot gas mixtures are determined based on Gibbs free energy minimization considering the ground states as well as vibrationally and electronically excited states as independent species, which follow a Boltzmann distribution with a fixed excitation temperature. The interaction cross sections between electrons and the excited species, not reported previously, are properly taken into account. Furthermore, the ion kinetics, including electron–ion recombination, associative electron detachment, charge transfer and ion conversion into stable negative ion clusters, are also considered. Our results indicate that the excited species lead to a greater population of high-energy electrons at higher gas temperature and this affects the Townsend rate coefficients (i.e. of electron impact ionization and attachment), but the critical reduced breakdown electric field strength of CO2 is only affected when also properly accounting for the ion kinetics. Indeed, the latter greatly influences the effective ionization coefficients and hence the critical reduced breakdown electric field at temperatures above 1500 K. The rapid increase of the dissociative electron attachment cross-section of molecular oxygen with rising vibrational quantum number leads to a larger electron loss rate and this enhances the critical reduced breakdown electric field strength in the temperature range where the concentration of molecular oxygen is relatively high. The results obtained in this work show reasonable agreement with experimental results from literature, and are important for the evaluation of the dielectric strength of CO2 in a highly reactive environment at elevated temperature.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000385494000006	Publication Date	2016-09-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1361-6595	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship ‘GlidArc’ within Horizon2020 (Grant No.657304) and the FWO project (grant G.0383.16N). The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UA.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:135515			Serial	4281
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	Author	Wang, W.; Berthelot, A.; Kolev, S.; Tu, X.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	CO₂ conversion in a gliding arc plasma: 1D cylindrical discharge model			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	25	Issue	25	Pages	065012
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	CO 2 conversion by a gliding arc plasma is gaining increasing interest, but the underlying mechanisms for an energy-efficient process are still far from understood. Indeed, the chemical complexity of the non-equilibrium plasma poses a challenge for plasma modeling due to the huge computational load. In this paper, a one-dimensional (1D) gliding arc model is developed in a cylindrical frame, with a detailed non-equilibrium CO 2 plasma chemistry set, including the CO 2 vibrational kinetics up to the dissociation limit. The model solves a set of time- dependent continuity equations based on the chemical reactions, as well as the electron energy balance equation, and it assumes quasi-neutrality in the plasma. The loss of plasma species and heat due to convection by the transverse gas flow is accounted for by using a characteristic frequency of convective cooling, which depends on the gliding arc radius, the relative velocity of the gas flow with respect to the arc and on the arc elongation rate. The calculated values for plasma density and plasma temperature within this work are comparable with experimental data on gliding arc plasma reactors in the literature. Our calculation results indicate that excitation to the vibrational levels promotes efficient dissociation in the gliding arc, and this is consistent with experimental investigations of the gliding arc based CO 2 conversion in the literature. Additionally, the dissociation of CO 2 through collisions with O atoms has the largest contribution to CO 2 splitting under the conditions studied. In addition to the above results, we also demonstrate that lumping the CO 2 vibrational states can bring a significant reduction of the computational load. The latter opens up the way for 2D or 3D models with an accurate description of the CO 2 vibrational kinetics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000386605100002	Publication Date	2016-10-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1361-6595	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	This research was supported by the European Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship ‘GlidArc’ within Horizon2020 (Grant No. 657304) and by the FWO project (grant G.0383.16N). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:135990			Serial	4286
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	Author	Bruggeman, P.J.; Kushner, M.J.; Locke, B.R.; Gardeniers, J.G.E.; Graham, W.G.; Graves, D.B.; Hofman-Caris, R.C.H.M.; Maric, D.; Reid, J.P.; Ceriani, E.; Fernandez Rivas, D.; Foster, J.E.; Garrick, S.C.; Gorbanev, Y.; Hamaguchi, S.; Iza, F.; Jablonowski, H.; Klimova, E.; Kolb, J.; Krcma, F.; Lukes, P.; Machala, Z.; Marinov, I.; Mariotti, D.; Mededovic Thagard, S.; Minakata, D.; Neyts, E.C.; Pawlat, J.; Petrovic, Z.L.; Pflieger, R.; Reuter, S.; Schram, D.C.; Schröter, S.; Shiraiwa, M.; Tarabová, B.; Tsai, P.A.; Verlet, J.R.R.; von Woedtke, T.; Wilson, K.R.; Yasui, K.; Zvereva, G.
	Title	Plasma–liquid interactions: a review and roadmap			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	25	Issue	5	Pages	053002
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Plasma–liquid interactions represent a growing interdisciplinary area of research involving plasma science, fluid dynamics, heat and mass transfer, photolysis, multiphase chemistry and aerosol science. This review provides an assessment of the state-of-the-art of this multidisciplinary area and identifies the key research challenges. The developments in diagnostics, modeling and further extensions of cross section and reaction rate databases that are necessary to address these challenges are discussed. The review focusses on nonequilibrium plasmas.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000384715400001	Publication Date	2016-09-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1361-6595	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	460	Open Access
	Notes	This manuscript originated from discussions at the Lorentz Center Workshop ‘Gas/Plasma–Liquid Interface: Transport, Chemistry and Fundamental Data’ that took place at the Lorentz Center, Leiden University in the Netherlands from August 4, through August 8, 2014, and follow-up discussions since the workshop. All authors acknowledge the support of the Lorentz Center, the COST action TD1208 (Electrical Discharges with Liquids for Future Applications) and the Royal Dutch Academy of Sciences for their financial support. PJB, MJK, DBG and JEF acknowledge the support of the ‘Center on Control of Plasma Kinetics’ of the United States Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Science (DE-SC0001319). In addition, PJB and BRL acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation (PHY 1500135 and CBET 1236225, respectively). In addition the enormous help of Mrs. Victoria Piorek (University of Minnesota) in the formatting of the final document including the references is gratefully acknowledged.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:144654			Serial	4628
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	Author	Kolev, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	A 2D model for a gliding arc discharge			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	24	Issue	24	Pages	015025
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	In this study we report on a 2D fluid model of a gliding arc discharge in argon. Despite the 3D nature of the discharge, 2D models are found to be capable of providing very useful information about the operation of the discharge. We employ two modelsan axisymmetric and a Cartesian one. We show that for the considered experiment and the conditions of a low current arc (around 30 mA) in argon, there is no significant heating of the cathode surface and the discharge is sustained by field electron emission from the cathode accompanied by the formation of a cathode spot. The obtained discharge power and voltage are relatively sensitive to the surface properties and particularly to the surface roughness, causing effectively an amplification of the normal electric field. The arc body and anode region are not influenced by this and depend mainly on the current value. The gliding of the arc is modelled by means of a 2D Cartesian model. The arcelectrode contact points are analysed and the gliding mechanism along the electrode surface is discussed. Following experimental observations, the cathode spot is simulated as jumping from one point to another. A complete arc cycle is modelled from initial ignition to arc decay. The results show that there is no interaction between the successive gliding arcs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000348298200026	Publication Date	2014-12-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252;1361-6595;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	34	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302; 2015 IF: 3.591
	Call Number	c:irua:122538 c:irua:122538 c:irua:122538 c:irua:122538			Serial	3
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	Author	Molina, L.; Tan, H.; Biermans, E.; Batenburg, K.J.; Verbeeck, J.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Barrier efficiency of sponge-like La₂Zr₂O₇ buffer layers for YBCO-coated conductors			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Superconductor science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Supercond Sci Tech
	Volume	24	Issue	6	Pages	065019-065019,8
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Solution derived La2Zr2O7 films have drawn much attention for potential applications as thermal barriers or low-cost buffer layers for coated conductor technology. Annealing and coating parameters strongly affect the microstructure of La2Zr2O7, but different film processing methods can yield similar microstructural features such as nanovoids and nanometer-sized La2Zr2O7 grains. Nanoporosity is a typical feature found in such films and the implications for the functionality of the films are investigated by a combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and quantitative electron tomography. Chemical solution based La2Zr2O7 films deposited on flexible Ni5 at.%W substrates with a {100}lang001rang biaxial texture were prepared for an in-depth characterization. A sponge-like structure composed of nanometer-sized voids is revealed by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy in combination with electron tomography. A three-dimensional quantification of nanovoids in the La2Zr2O7 film is obtained on a local scale. Mostly non-interconnected highly faceted nanovoids compromise more than one-fifth of the investigated sample volume. The diffusion barrier efficiency of a 170 nm thick La2Zr2O7 film is investigated by STEM-EELS, yielding a 1.8 ± 0.2 nm oxide layer beyond which no significant nickel diffusion can be detected and intermixing is observed. This is of particular significance for the functionality of YBa2Cu3O7 − δ coated conductor architectures based on solution derived La2Zr2O7 films as diffusion barriers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000290472900021	Publication Date	2011-04-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0953-2048;1361-6668;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.878	Times cited	31	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.878; 2011 IF: 2.662
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88639UA @ admin @ c:irua:88639			Serial	221
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	Author	Peerenboom, K.; Parente, A.; Kozák, T.; Bogaerts, A.; Degrez, G.
	Title	Dimension reduction of non-equilibrium plasma kinetic models using principal component analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	24	Issue	24	Pages	025004
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The chemical complexity of non-equilibrium plasmas poses a challenge for plasma modeling because of the computational load. This paper presents a dimension reduction method for such chemically complex plasmas based on principal component analysis (PCA). PCA is used to identify a low-dimensional manifold in chemical state space that is described by a small number of parameters: the principal components. Reduction is obtained since continuity equations only need to be solved for these principal components and not for all the species. Application of the presented method to a CO2 plasma model including state-to-state vibrational kinetics of CO2 and CO demonstrates the potential of the PCA method for dimension reduction. A manifold described by only two principal components is able to predict the CO2 to CO conversion at varying ionization degrees very accurately.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000356816200008	Publication Date	2015-01-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252;1361-6595;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	11	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302; 2015 IF: 3.591
	Call Number	c:irua:123534			Serial	704
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