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| Author | Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Bal, Km.; Michielsen, I.; Neyts, Ec.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | How process parameters and packing materials tune chemical equilibrium and kinetics in plasma-based CO2 conversion | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Chemical engineering journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 372 | Issue | Pages | 1253-1264 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Plasma (catalysis) reactors are increasingly being used for gas-based chemical conversions, providing an alternative method of energy delivery to the molecules. In this work we explore whether classical concepts such as equilibrium constants, (overall) rate coefficients, and catalysis exist under plasma conditions. We specifically investigate the existence of a so-called partial chemical equilibrium (PCE), and how process parameters and packing properties influence this equilibrium, as well as the overall apparent rate coefficient, for CO2 splitting in a DBD plasma reactor. The results show that a PCE can be reached, and that the position of the equilibrium, in combination with the rate coefficient, greatly depends on the reactor parameters and operating conditions (i.e., power, pressure, and gap size). A higher power, higher pressure, or smaller gap size enhance both the equilibrium constant and the rate coefficient, although they cannot be independently tuned. Inserting a packing material (non-porous SiO2 and ZrO2 spheres) in the reactor reveals interesting gap/material effects, where the type of material dictates the position of the equilibrium and the rate (inhibition) independently. As a result, no apparent synergistic effect or plasma-catalytic behaviour was observed for the non-porous packing materials studied in this reaction. Within the investigated parameters, equilibrium conversions were obtained between 23 and 71%, while the rate coefficient varied between 0.027 s−1 and 0.17 s−1. This method of analysis can provide a more fundamental insight in the overall reaction kinetics of (catalytic) plasma-based gas conversion, in order to be able to distinguish plasma effects from true catalytic enhancement. |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000471670400116 | Publication Date | 2019-05-08 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN  |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 6.216 | Times cited | 3 | Open Access | Not_Open_Access: Available from 05.05.2021 |
| Notes | European Fund for Regional Development; FWOFWO, G.0254.14N ; University of Antwerp; FWO-FlandersFWO-Flanders, 11V8915N ; The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Fund for Regional Development through the cross-border collaborative Interreg V program Flanders-the Netherlands (project EnOp), the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO; Grant Number: G.0254.14N), a TOP-BOF project and an IOF-SBO (SynCO2Chem) project from the University of Antwerp. K. M. B. was funded as a PhD fellow (aspirant) of the FWOFlanders (Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders), Grant 11V8915N. | Approved | Most recent IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @UA @ admin @ c:irua:159979 | Serial | 5171 | ||
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| Author | Andersen, Ja.; Christensen, Jm.; Østberg, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Jensen, Ad. | ||||
| Title | Plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane: Screening of catalytic materials in a coaxial packed-bed DBD reactor | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Chemical Engineering Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 397 | Issue | Pages | 125519 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | The combination of catalysis with non-thermal plasma is a promising alternative to thermal catalysis. A dielectric-barrier discharge reactor was used to study plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane at ambient pressure and temperature and a fixed plasma power of 45 W. The effect of different catalytic packing materials was evaluated in terms of conversion, product selectivity, and energy efficiency. The conversion of CO2 (~22%) and CH4 (~33%) were found to be similar in plasma-only and when introducing packing materials in plasma. The main reason is the shorter residence time of the gas due to packing geometry, when compared at identical flow rates. H2, CO, C2-C4 hydrocarbons, and oxygenates were identified in the product gas. High selectivity towards H2 and CO were found for all catalysts and plasma-only, with a H2/CO molar ratio of ~0.9. The lowest syngas selectivity was obtained with Cu/Al2O3 (~66%), which instead, had the highest alcohol selectivity (~3.6%). | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000542296100011 | Publication Date | 2020-05-17 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | ||
| Notes | Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark; We thank Haldor Topsoe A/S for providing all the catalytic materials used and the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, for funding this project. | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1; 2020 IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:170613 | Serial | 6406 | ||
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| Author | Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Hereijgers, J.; Breugelmans, T.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | How gas flow design can influence the performance of a DBD plasma reactor for dry reforming of methane | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Chemical Engineering Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 405 | Issue | Pages | 126618 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT) | ||||
| Abstract | DBD plasma reactors are commonly used in a static ‘one inlet – one outlet’ design that goes against reactor design principles for multi-component reactions, such as dry reforming of methane (DRM). Therefore, in this paper we have developed a novel reactor design, and investigated how the shape and size of the reaction zone, as well as gradual gas addition, and the method of mixing CO2 and CH4 can influence the conversion and product com position of DRM. Even in the standard ‘one inlet – one outlet’ design, the direction of the gas flow (i.e. short or long path through the reactor, which defines the gas velocity at fixed residence time), as well as the dimensions of the reaction zone and the power delivery to the reactor, largely affect the performance. Using gradual gas addition and separate plasma activation zones for the individual gases give increased conversions within the same operational parameters, by optimising mixing ratios and kinetics. The choice of the main (pre-activated) gas and the direction of gas flow largely affect the conversion and energy cost, while the gas inlet position during separate addition only influences the product distribution. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000626511800005 | Publication Date | 2020-08-12 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 6.216 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | Interreg; Flanders; FWO; University of Antwerp; The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Fund for Regional Development through the cross-border collaborative Interreg V program Flanders-the Netherlands (project EnOp), the Fund 13 for Scientific Research (FWO; grant number: G.0254.14N), and an IOFSBO (SynCO2Chem) project from the University of Antwerp. | Approved | Most recent IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:170609 | Serial | 6410 | ||
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| Author | Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Bal, Km.; Neyts, Ec.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | On the kinetics and equilibria of plasma-based dry reforming of methane | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Chemical Engineering Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 405 | Issue | Pages | 126630 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Plasma reactors are interesting for gas-based chemical conversion but the fundamental relation between the plasma chemistry and selected conditions remains poorly understood. Apparent kinetic parameters for the loss and formation processes of individual components of gas conversion processes, can however be extracted by performing experiments in an extended residence time range (2–75 s) and fitting the gas composition to a firstorder kinetic model of the evolution towards partial chemical equilibrium (PCE). We specifically investigated the differences in kinetic characteristics and PCE state of the CO2 dissociation and CH4 reforming reactions in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBD), how these are mutually affected when combining both gases in the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction, and how they change when a packing material (non-porous SiO2) is added to the reactor. We find that CO2 dissociation is characterized by a comparatively high reaction rate of 0.120 s−1 compared to CH4 reforming at 0.041 s−1; whereas CH4 reforming reaches higher equilibrium conversions, 82% compared to 53.6% for CO2 dissociation. Combining both feed gases makes the DRM reaction to proceed at a relatively high rate (0.088 s−1), and high conversion (75.4%) compared to CO2 dissociation, through accessing new chemical pathways between the products of CO2 and CH4. The addition of the packing material can also distinctly influence the conversion rate and position of the equilibrium, but its precise effect depends strongly on the gas composition. Comparing different CO2:CH4 ratios reveals the delicate balance of the combined chemistry. CO2 drives the loss reactions in DRM, whereas CH4 in the mixture suppresses back reactions. As a result, our methodology provides some of the insight necessary to systematically tune the conversion process. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000621197700003 | Publication Date | 2020-08-12 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 6.216 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Fund for Regional Development through the cross-border collaborative Interreg V program Flanders-the Netherlands (project EnOp), the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO; grant number: G.0254.14N), a TOP-BOF project and an IOF-SBO (SynCO2Chem) project from the University of Antwerp. | Approved | Most recent IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:172458 | Serial | 6411 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Blommaerts, N.; Hoeven, N.; Arenas Esteban, D.; Campos, R.; Mertens, M.; Borah, R.; Glisenti, A.; De Wael, K.; Bals, S.; Lenaerts, S.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Cool, P. | ||||
| Title | Tuning the turnover frequency and selectivity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO and methane using platinum and palladium nanoparticles on Ti-Beta zeolites | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Chemical Engineering Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 410 | Issue | Pages | 128234 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) | ||||
| Abstract | A Ti-Beta zeolite was used in gas phase photocatalytic CO2 reduction to reduce the charge recombination rate and increase the surface area compared to P25 as commercial benchmark, reaching 607 m2 g-1. By adding Pt nanoparticles, the selectivity can be tuned toward CO, reaching a value of 92% and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 96 µmol.gcat-1.h-1, nearly an order of magnitude higher in comparison with P25. By adding Pd nanoparticles the selectivity can be shifted from CO (70% for a bare Ti-Beta zeolite), toward CH4 as the prevalent species (60%). In this way, the selectivity toward CO or CH4 can be tuned by either using Pt or Pd. The TOF values obtained in this work outperform reported state-of-the-art values in similar research. The improved activity by adding the nanoparticles was attributed to an improved charge separation efficiency, together with a plasmonic contribution of the metal nanoparticles under the applied experimental conditions. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000623394200004 | Publication Date | 2021-01-09 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 6.216 | Times cited | 15 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
| Notes | N.B., S.L., S.W.V. and P.C. wish to thank the Flemish government and Catalisti for financial support and coordination in terms of a sprint SBO in the context of the moonshot project D2M. N.H. thanks the Flanders Innovation and Entrepreneurship (VLAIO) for the financial support. The Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE) group, R. Blust, University of Antwerp is acknowledged for the ICP-MS measurements. | Approved | Most recent IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:174591 | Serial | 6662 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Girard-Sahun, F.; Biondo, O.; Trenchev, G.; van Rooij, G.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Carbon bed post-plasma to enhance the CO2 conversion and remove O2 from the product stream | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Chemical Engineering Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 442 | Issue | Pages | 136268 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | CO2 conversion by plasma technology is gaining increasing interest. We present a carbon (charcoal) bed placed after a Gliding Arc Plasmatron (GAP) reactor, to enhance the CO2 conversion, promote O/O2 removal and in crease the CO fraction in the exhaust mixture. By means of an innovative (silo) system, the carbon is constantly supplied, to avoid carbon depletion upon reaction with O/O2. Using this carbon bed, the CO2 conversion is enhanced by almost a factor of two (from 7.6 to 12.6%), while the CO concentration even increases by a factor of three (from 7.2 to 21.9%), and O2 is completely removed from the exhaust mixture. Moreover, the energy ef ficiency of the conversion process drastically increases from 27.9 to 45.4%, and the energy cost significantly drops from 41.9 to 25.4 kJ.L− 1. We also present the temperature as a function of distance from the reactor outlet, as well as the CO2, CO and O2 concentrations and the temperature in the carbon bed as a function of time, which is important for understanding the underlying mechanisms. Indeed, these time-resolved measurements reveal that the initial enhancements in CO2 conversion and in CO concentration are not maintained in our current setup. Therefore, we present a model to study the gasification of carbon with different feed gases (i.e., O2, CO and CO2 separately), from which we can conclude that the oxygen coverage at the surface plays a key role in determining the product composition and the rate of carbon consumption. Indeed, our model insights indicate that the drop in CO2 conversion and in CO concentration after a few minutes is attributed to deactivation of the carbon bed, due to rapid formation of oxygen complexes at the surface. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000797716700002 | Publication Date | 0000-00-00 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; European Research Council; This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 813393 (PIONEER). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:188286 | Serial | 7052 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Girard-Sahun, F.; Biondo, O.; Trenchev, G.; van Rooij, G.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Carbon bed post-plasma to enhance the CO2 conversion and remove O2 from the product stream | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Chemical Engineering Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 442 | Issue | Pages | 136268 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | CO2 conversion by plasma technology is gaining increasing interest. We present a carbon (charcoal) bed placed after a Gliding Arc Plasmatron (GAP) reactor, to enhance the CO2 conversion, promote O/O2 removal and in crease the CO fraction in the exhaust mixture. By means of an innovative (silo) system, the carbon is constantly supplied, to avoid carbon depletion upon reaction with O/O2. Using this carbon bed, the CO2 conversion is enhanced by almost a factor of two (from 7.6 to 12.6%), while the CO concentration even increases by a factor of three (from 7.2 to 21.9%), and O2 is completely removed from the exhaust mixture. Moreover, the energy ef ficiency of the conversion process drastically increases from 27.9 to 45.4%, and the energy cost significantly drops from 41.9 to 25.4 kJ.L− 1. We also present the temperature as a function of distance from the reactor outlet, as well as the CO2, CO and O2 concentrations and the temperature in the carbon bed as a function of time, which is important for understanding the underlying mechanisms. Indeed, these time-resolved measurements reveal that the initial enhancements in CO2 conversion and in CO concentration are not maintained in our current setup. Therefore, we present a model to study the gasification of carbon with different feed gases (i.e., O2, CO and CO2 separately), from which we can conclude that the oxygen coverage at the surface plays a key role in determining the product composition and the rate of carbon consumption. Indeed, our model insights indicate that the drop in CO2 conversion and in CO concentration after a few minutes is attributed to deactivation of the carbon bed, due to rapid formation of oxygen complexes at the surface. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000797716700002 | Publication Date | 0000-00-00 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; European Research Council; This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 813393 (PIONEER). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. We also thank R. De Meyer, K. Leyssens and S. Defossé for performing the charcoal characterizations. | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:188286 | Serial | 7053 | ||
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| Author | Van Alphen, S.; Ahmadi Eshtehardi, H.; O'Modhrain, C.; Bogaerts, J.; Van Poyer, H.; Creel, J.; Delplancke, M.-P.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Effusion nozzle for energy-efficient NOx production in a rotating gliding arc plasma reactor | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Chemical Engineering Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 443 | Issue | Pages | 136529 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Plasma-based NOx production is of interest for sustainable N2 fixation, but more research is needed to improve its performance. One of the current limitations is recombination of NO back into N2 and O2 molecules immediately after the plasma reactor. Therefore, we developed a novel so-called “effusion nozzle”, to improve the performance of a rotating gliding arc plasma reactor for NOx production, but the same principle can also be applied to other plasma types. Experiments in a wide range of applied power, gas flow rates and N2/O2 ratios demonstrate an enhancement in NOx concentration by about 8%, and a reduction in energy cost by 22.5%. In absolute terms, we obtain NOx concentrations up to 5.9%, at an energy cost down to 2.1 MJ/mol, which are the best values reported to date in literature. In addition, we developed four complementary models to describe the gas flow, plasma temperature and plasma chemistry, aiming to reveal why the effusion nozzle yields better performance. Our simulations reveal that the effusion nozzle acts as very efficient heat sink, causing a fast drop in gas temperature when the gas molecules leave the plasma, hence limiting the recombination of NO back into N2 and O2. This yields an overall higher NOx concentration than without the effusion nozzle. This immediate quenching right at the end of the plasma makes our effusion nozzle superior to more conventional cooling options, like water cooling In addition, this higher NOx concentration can be obtained at a slightly lower power, because the effusion nozzle allows for the ignition and sustainment of the plasma at somewhat lower power. Hence, this also explains the lower energy cost. Overall, our experimental results and detailed modeling analysis will be useful to improve plasma-based NOx production in other plasma reactors as well. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000800010600003 | Publication Date | 0000-00-00 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and through long-term structural funding (Methusalem). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:188283 | Serial | 7057 | ||
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| Author | Wang, Y.; Chen, Y.; Harding, J.; He, H.; Bogaerts, A.; Tu, X. | ||||
| Title | Catalyst-free single-step plasma reforming of CH4 and CO2 to higher value oxygenates under ambient conditions | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Chemical Engineering Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 450 | Issue | Pages | 137860 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Direct conversion of CH4 and CO2 to liquid fuels and chemicals under mild conditions is appealing for biogas conversion and utilization but challenging due to the inert nature of both gases. Herein, we report a promising plasma process for the catalyst-free single-step conversion of CH4 and CO2 into higher value oxygenates (i.e., methanol, acetic acid, ethanol, and acetone) at ambient pressure and room temperature using a water-cooled dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, with methanol being the main liquid product. The distribution of liquid products could be tailored by tuning the discharge power, reaction temperature and residence time. Lower discharge powers (10–15 W) and reaction temperatures (5–20 ◦ C) were favourable for the production of liquid products, achieving the highest methanol selectivity of 43% at 5 ◦ C and 15 W. A higher discharge power and reaction temperature, on the other hand, produced more gaseous products, particularly H2 (up to 26% selectivity) and CO (up to 33% selectivity). In addition, varying these process parameters (discharge power, reaction temperature and residence time) resulted in a simultaneous change in key discharge properties, such as mean electron energy (Ee), electron density (ne) and specific energy input (SEI), all of which are essential determiners of plasma chemical reactions. According to the results of artificial neural network (ANN) models, the relative importance of these process parameters and key discharge indicators on reaction performance follows the order: discharge power > reaction temperature > residence time, and SEI > ne > Ee, respectively. This work provides new insights into the contributions and tuning mechanism of multiple parameters for optimizing the reaction performance (e.g., liquid production) in the plasma gas conversion process. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000830813300004 | Publication Date | 0000-00-00 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie SklodowskaCurie grant agreement No. 813393. | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:189502 | Serial | 7100 | ||
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| Author | Andersen, Ja.; Holm, Mc.; van 't Veer, K.; Christensen, Jm.; Østberg, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Jensen, Ad. | ||||
| Title | Plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor: A combined experimental study and kinetic modeling | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Chemical engineering journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 457 | Issue | Pages | 141294 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor has emerged as a possible route for electrification of nitrogen fixation. In this study, we use a combination of experiments and a plasma kinetic model to investigate the ammonia synthesis from N2 and H2, both with and without a solid packing material in the plasma zone. The effect of plasma power, feed flow rate, N2:H2 feed ratio, gas residence time, temperature, and packing material (MgAl2O4 alone or impregnated with Co or Ru) on the ammonia synthesis rate were examined in the experiments. The kinetic model was employed to improve our understanding of the ammonia formation pathways and identify possible changes in these pathways when altering the N2:H2 feed ratio. A higher NH3 synthesis rate was achieved when increasing the feed flow rate, as well as when increasing the gas tem-perature from 100 to 200 ◦C when a packing material was present in the plasma. At the elevated temperature of 200 ◦C, an optimum in the NH3 synthesis rate was observed at an equimolar feed ratio (N2:H2 =1:1) for the plasma alone and MgAl2O4, while a N2-rich feed was favored for Ru/MgAl2O4 and Co/MgAl2O4. The optimum in the synthesis rate with the N2-rich feed, where high energy electrons are more likely to collide with N2, suggests that the rate-limiting step is the dissociation of N2 in the gas phase. This is supported by the kinetic model when packing material was used. However, for the plasma alone, the model found that the N2 dissociation is only rate limiting in H2-rich feeds, whereas the limited access to H in N2-rich feeds makes the hydrogenation of N species limiting. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 001058978000001 | Publication Date | 2023-01-05 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | We thank Topsoe A/S for providing the catalytic materials used in the study, the research group PLASMANT (University of Antwerp) for sharing their plasma kinetic model and allocating time on their cluster for the calculations, and the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering (Technical University of Denmark) for funding the project. | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1; 2023 IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195877 | Serial | 7234 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Morais, E.; Delikonstantis, E.; Scapinello, M.; Smith, G.; Stefanidis, G.D.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Methane coupling in nanosecond pulsed plasmas: Correlation between temperature and pressure and effects on product selectivity | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Chemical engineering journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 462 | Issue | Pages | 142227 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | We present a zero-dimensional kinetic model to characterise specifically the gas-phase dynamics of methane conversion in a nanosecond pulsed discharge (NPD) plasma reactor. The model includes a systematic approach to capture the nanoscale power discharges and the rapid ensuing changes in electric field, gas and electron temperature, as well as species densities. The effects of gas temperature and reactor pressure on gas conversion and product selectivity are extensively investigated and validated against experimental work. We discuss the important reaction pathways and provide an analysis of the dynamics of the heating and cooling mechanisms. H radicals are found to be the most populous plasma species and they participate in hydrogenation and dehydrogenation reactions, which are the dominant recombination reactions leading to C2H4 and C2H2 as main products (depending on the pressure). |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000983631500001 | Publication Date | 2023-03-02 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | We gratefully acknowledge financial support by the Flemish Government through the Moonshot cSBO project “Power-to-Olefins” (P2O; HBC.2020.2620). | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1; 2023 IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195881 | Serial | 7246 | ||
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| Author | Van Alphen, S.; Hecimovic, A.; Kiefer, C.K.; Fantz, U.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Modelling post-plasma quenching nozzles for improving the performance of CO2 microwave plasmas | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Chemical engineering journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 462 | Issue | Pages | 142217 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Given the ecological problems associated to the CO2 emissions of fossil fuels, plasma technology has gained interest for conversion of CO2 into value-added products. Microwave plasmas operating at atmospheric pressure have proven to be especially interesting, due to the high gas temperatures inside the reactor (i.e. up to 6000 K) allowing for efficient thermal dissociation of CO2 into CO and O2. However, the performance of these high temperature plasmas is limited by recombination of CO back into CO2 once the gas cools down in the afterglow. In this work, we computationally investigated several quenching nozzles, developed and experimentally tested by Hecimovic et al., [1] for their ability to quickly cool the gas after the plasma, thereby quenching the CO recombination reactions. Using a 3D computational fluid dynamics model and a quasi-1D chemical kinetics model, we reveal that a reactor without nozzle lacks gas mixing between hot gas in the center and cold gas near the reactor walls. Especially at low flow rates, where there is an inherent lack of convective cooling due to the low gas flow velocity, the temperature in the afterglow remains high (between 2000 and 3000 K) for a relatively long time (in the 0.1 s range). As shown by our quasi-1D chemical kinetics model, this results in a important loss of CO due to recombination reactions. Attaching a nozzle in the effluent of the reactor induces fast gas quenching right after the plasma. Indeed, it introduces (i) more convective cooling by forcing cool gas near the walls to mix with hot gas in the center of the reactor, as well as (ii) more conductive cooling through the water-cooled walls of the nozzle. Our model shows that gas quenching and the suppression of recombination reactions have more impact at low flow rates, where recombination is the most limiting factor in the conversion process. |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000962382600001 | Publication Date | 2023-03-03 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and through long-term structural funding (Methusalem). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1; 2023 IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195889 | Serial | 7250 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Liu, R.; Hao, Y.; Wang, T.; Wang, L.; Bogaerts, A.; Guo, H.; Yi, Y. | ||||
| Title | Hybrid plasma-thermal system for methane conversion to ethylene and hydrogen | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Chemical engineering journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 463 | Issue | Pages | 142442 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | By combining dielectric barrier discharge plasma and external heating, we exploit a two-stage hybrid plasmathermal system (HPTS), i.e., a plasma stage followed by a thermal stage, for direct non-oxidative coupling of CH4 to C2H4 and H2, yielding a CH4 conversion of ca. 17 %. In the two-stage HPTS, the plasma first converts CH4 into C2H6 and C3H8, which in the thermal stage leads to a high C2H4 selectivity of ca. 63 % by pyrolysis, with H2 selectivity of ca. 64 %. |
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000953890500001 | Publication Date | 2023-03-16 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [22272015, 21503032], the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China [DUT21JC40]. | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1; 2023 IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195888 | Serial | 7253 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Van Alphen, S.; Hecimovic, A.; Kiefer, C.K.; Fantz, U.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Modelling post-plasma quenching nozzles for improving the performance of CO2 microwave plasmas | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Chemical engineering journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 462 | Issue | Pages | 142217 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Given the ecological problems associated to the CO2 emissions of fossil fuels, plasma technology has gained interest for conversion of CO2 into value-added products. Microwave plasmas operating at atmospheric pressure have proven to be especially interesting, due to the high gas temperatures inside the reactor (i.e. up to 6000 K) allowing for efficient thermal dissociation of CO2 into CO and O2. However, the performance of these high temperature plasmas is limited by recombination of CO back into CO2 once the gas cools down in the afterglow. In this work, we computationally investigated several quenching nozzles, developed and experimentally tested by Hecimovic et al., [1] for their ability to quickly cool the gas after the plasma, thereby quenching the CO recombination reactions. Using a 3D computational fluid dynamics model and a quasi-1D chemical kinetics model, we reveal that a reactor without nozzle lacks gas mixing between hot gas in the center and cold gas near the reactor walls. Especially at low flow rates, where there is an inherent lack of convective cooling due to the low gas flow velocity, the temperature in the afterglow remains high (between 2000 and 3000 K) for a relatively long time (in the 0.1 s range). As shown by our quasi-1D chemical kinetics model, this results in a important loss of CO due to recombination reactions. Attaching a nozzle in the effluent of the reactor induces fast gas quenching right after the plasma. Indeed, it introduces (i) more convective cooling by forcing cool gas near the walls to mix with hot gas in the center of the reactor, as well as (ii) more conductive cooling through the water-cooled walls of the nozzle. Our model shows that gas quenching and the suppression of recombination reactions have more impact at low flow rates, where recombination is the most limiting factor in the conversion process. |
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| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000962382600001 | Publication Date | 2023-03-03 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and through long-term structural funding (Methusalem). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1; 2023 IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195889 | Serial | 7259 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Wang, K.; Ceulemans, S.; Zhang, H.; Tsonev, I.; Zhang, Y.; Long, Y.; Fang, M.; Li, X.; Yan, J.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Inhibiting recombination to improve the performance of plasma-based CO2 conversion | Type | A1 Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2024 | Publication | Chemical Engineering Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chemical Engineering Journal |
| Volume | 481 | Issue | Pages | 148684 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal Article; Plasma-based CO2 splitting Recombination reactions In-situ gas sampling Fluid dynamics modeling Kinetics modeling Afterglow quenching; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; | ||||
| Abstract | Warm plasma offers a promising route for CO2 splitting into valuable CO, yet recombination reactions of CO with oxygen, forming again CO2, have recently emerged as critical limitation. This study combines experiments and fluid dynamics + chemical kinetics modelling to comprehensively analyse the recombination reactions upon CO2 splitting in an atmospheric plasmatron. We introduce an innovative in-situ gas sampling technique, enabling 2D spatial mapping of gas product compositions and temperatures, experimentally confirming for the first time the substantial limiting effect of CO recombination reactions in the afterglow region. Our results show that the CO mole fraction at a 5 L/min flow rate drops significantly from 11.9 % at a vertical distance of z = 20 mm in the afterglow region to 8.6 % at z = 40 mm. We constructed a comprehensive 2D model that allows for spatial reaction rates analysis incorporating crucial reactions, and we validated it to kinetically elucidate this phenomenon. CO2 +M⇌O+CO+M and CO2 +O⇌CO+O2 are the dominant reactions, with the forward reactions prevailing in the plasma region and the backward reactions becoming prominent in the afterglow region. These results allow us to propose an afterglow quenching strategy for performance enhancement, which is further demonstrated through a meticulously developed plasmatron reactor with two-stage cooling. Our approach substantially increases the CO2 conversion (e.g., from 6.6 % to 19.5 % at 3 L/min flow rate) and energy efficiency (from 13.5 % to 28.5 %, again at 3 L/min) and significantly shortens the startup time (from ~ 150 s to 25 s). Our study underscores the critical role of inhibiting recombination reactions in plasma-based CO2 conversion and offers new avenues for performance enhancement. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 001168999200001 | Publication Date | 2024-01-10 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | Not_Open_Access | |
| Notes | Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province, 2023C03129 ; Vlaamse regering; European Research Council; National Natural Science Foundation of China, 51976191 52276214 ; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique – FNRS; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 1101524N ; Vlaams Supercomputer Centrum; Horizon 2020, 101081162 810182 ; European Research Council; | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1; 2024 IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:204352 | Serial | 8993 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | De Meyer, R.; Gorbanev, Y.; Ciocarlan, R.-G.; Cool, P.; Bals, S.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Importance of plasma discharge characteristics in plasma catalysis: Dry reforming of methane vs. ammonia synthesis | Type | A1 Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2024 | Publication | Chemical Engineering Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chemical Engineering Journal |
| Volume | 488 | Issue | Pages | 150838 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal Article; Gas conversion Dry reforming of methane Ammonia Microdischarges Dielectric barrier discharge; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; | ||||
| Abstract | Plasma catalysis is a rapidly growing field, often employing a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor. Such dielectric barrier discharges are complex, especially when a packing material (e.g., a catalyst) is introduced in the discharge volume. Catalysts are known to affect the plasma discharge, though the underlying mechanisms influencing the plasma physics are not fully understood. Moreover, the effect of the catalysts on the plasma discharge and its subsequent effect on the overall performance is often overlooked. In this work, we deliberately design and synthesize catalysts to affect the plasma discharge in different ways. These Ni or Co alumina-based catalysts are used in plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane and ammonia synthesis. Our work shows that introducing a metal to the dielectric packing can affect the plasma discharge, and that the distribution of the metal is crucial in this regard. Further, the altered discharge can greatly influence the overall performance. In an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge reactor, this apparently more uniform plasma yields a significantly better performance for ammonia synthesis compared to the more conventional filamentary discharge, while it underperforms in dry reforming of methane. This study stresses the importance of analyzing the plasma discharge in plasma catalysis experiments. We hope this work encourages a more critical view on the plasma discharge characteristics when studying various catalysts in a plasma reactor. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | Publication Date | 2024-03-30 | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | ||
| Notes | This research was supported through long-term structural funding (Methusalem FFB15001C) and by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme with grant agreement No 810182 (SCOPE ERC Synergy project) and with grant agreement No 815128 (REALNANO). We acknowledge the practical contribution of Senne Van Doorslaer. | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1; 2024 IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:205154 | Serial | 9115 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Maerivoet, S.; Tsonev, I.; Slaets, J.; Reniers, F.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Coupled multi-dimensional modelling of warm plasmas: Application and validation for an atmospheric pressure glow discharge in CO2/CH4/O2 | Type | A1 Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2024 | Publication | Chemical Engineering Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chemical Engineering Journal |
| Volume | 492 | Issue | Pages | 152006 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; | ||||
| Abstract | To support experimental research into gas conversion by warm plasmas, models should be developed to explain the experimental observations. These models need to describe all physical and chemical plasma properties in a coupled way. In this paper, we present a modelling approach to solve the complete set of assumed relevant equations, including gas flow, heat balance and species transport, coupled with a rather extensive chemistry set, consisting of 21 species, obtained by reduction of a more detailed chemistry set, consisting of 41 species. We apply this model to study the combined CO2 and CH4 conversion in the presence of O2, in a direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge. Our model can predict the experimental trends, and can explain why higher O2 fractions result in higher CH4 conversion, namely due to the higher gas temperature, rather than just by additional chemical reactions. Indeed, our model predicts that when more O2 is added, the energy required to reach any set temperature (i.e., the enthalpy) drops, allowing the system to reach higher temperatures with similar amounts of energy. This is in turn related to the higher H2O fraction and lower H2 fraction formed in the plasma, as demonstrated by our model. Altogether, our new self-consistent model can capture the main physics and chemistry occurring in this warm plasma, which is an important step towards predictive modelling for plasma-based gas conversion. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | Publication Date | 2024-05-09 | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | ||
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | ||
| Notes | This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID G0I1822N; EOS ID 40007511) and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 810182–SCOPE ERC Synergy project, and grant agreement No. 101081162–PREPARE ERC Proof of Concept project). computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the HPC core facility CalcUA of the Universiteit Antwerpen, and VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government. | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1; 2024 IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @ | Serial | 9132 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Teleshkan, E.; Van Schoubroeck, S.; Spiller, M.; Van Passel, S. | ||||
| Title | Assessing policy impacts on nutrient circularity : a comprehensive review | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2024 | Publication | Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-15 | ||
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM) | ||||
| Abstract | Nutrient circularity is an emerging concept that seeks to address the environmental problems and nutrient losses caused by agriculture and food consumption. The implementation of circular nutrient technologies and practices (CNTPs), that recover, reuse, and recycle nutrients from agricultural and urban waste is an important policy objective. Yet, which policies govern the adoption of CNTPs is not well defined. This study presents the first systematic review of impact evaluations of policy measures that aim to improve nutrient circularity regulating components of the biological cycle of the circular economy, particularly focusing on bioaccessible nutrients. The key CNTPs that were subject to existing impact evaluations were identified. CNTPs were categorized into nutrient circularity themes, with manure management emerging as a prominent focus. The reviewed studies implemented several methods to assess the impacts of policies on various dependent variables, associated with nutrient circularity. Economic simulation models and linear programming were the most prevalent methods for impact evaluation. Policy measures were labeled as either enabling or not-enabling nutrient circularity based on whether they sufficiently promoted nutrient circularity through facilitating the adoption of CNTPs, and controlling for soil, water and air health, preventing its contamination. It is concluded that incentive policies, harmonizing market support, tax incentives, and technological advancements, as well as coherence of local, national and cross-country legislation prove indispensable in steering the economic feasibility and sustainability of CNTPs, offering a promising avenue for progress and a transformative shift towards nutrient circularity. | ||||
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| Language | Wos | 001175764500001 | Publication Date | 2024-02-29 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-1314; 1573-0867 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record | |
| Impact Factor | 3.1 | Times cited | Open Access | ||
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.1; 2024 IF: 1.843 | |||
| Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:204250 | Serial | 9185 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Bernard, P.; Eisma, D.; Van Grieken, R. | ||||
| Title | Electron microprobe analysis of suspended matter in the Angola Basin | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Journal of sea research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 41 | Issue | Pages | 19-33 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000079367500003 | Publication Date | 2002-07-25 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-1101 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | Times cited | Open Access | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:23181 | Serial | 7869 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Dekov, V.M.; van Put, A.; Eisma, D.; Van Grieken, R. | ||||
| Title | Single particle analysis of suspended matter in the Makasar Strait and Flores Sea with particular reference to tin-bearing particles | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Journal of sea research | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 41 | Issue | Pages | 35-53 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000079367500004 | Publication Date | 2002-07-25 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1385-1101 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | Times cited | Open Access | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:23183 | Serial | 8533 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Huyskens, C.; De Wever, H.; Fovet, Y.; Wegmann, U.; Diels, L.; Lenaerts, S. | ||||
| Title | Screening of novel MBR fouling reducers : benchmarking with known fouling reducers and evaluation of their mechanism of action | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Separation and purification technology | Abbreviated Journal | Sep Purif Technol |
| Volume | 95 | Issue | Pages | 49-57 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) | ||||
| Abstract | A novel fouling characterization method was applied for a first screening of two novel synthetic flocculants developed by BASF (BASF-1 and BASF-2) and benchmarking with six well-known products. Results showed that this MBR-VITO Fouling Measurement (VFM) was able to identify beneficial and adverse effects of different additives on the mixed liquor's reversible and irreversible fouling and, in combination with supporting mixed liquor analyses, allowed to identify the additive's main working mechanism. The first screening tests indicated that BASF-1 and BASF-2 reduced reversible and irreversible fouling to a similar extent as the known synthetic flocculants due to a charge neutralization mechanism, resulting in enhanced flocculation and SMP removal. Further testing at different additive concentrations provided a first indication of the optimal dosage and revealed a considerable risk of overdosing for BASF-2, rendering it less suited for fouling control. In contrast, such adverse effects were not observed for BASF-1. BASF-1 induced similar beneficial effects as the known MPE50 polymer at lower dosage and was therefore considered promising for application in MBRs. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000307032100008 | Publication Date | 2012-04-26 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1383-5866 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 3.359 | Times cited | 24 | Open Access | |
| Notes | ; The authors would like to thank K. Luyckx, J. Fret, L. Heylen, R. Muyshondt, H. Sterckx, J. Verheyden and J. Vande-Velden for technical assistance and V. Iversen for kindly supplying some of the commercial additives. Celine Huyskens is indebted to the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). The European Commission is acknowledged for financial support to Aquafit4use (FP7, Grant 211534). ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.359; 2012 IF: 2.894 | ||
| Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:101903 | Serial | 5990 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Huyskens, C.; Lenaerts, S.; Brauns, E.; Diels, L.; de Wever, H. | ||||
| Title | Study of (ir)reversible fouling in MBRs under various operating conditions using new on-line fouling sensor | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Separation and purification technology | Abbreviated Journal | Sep Purif Technol |
| Volume | 81 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 208-215 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) | ||||
| Abstract | In this study, a new fouling sensor was validated under different conditions of hydraulic (HRT) and sludge retention time (SRT). The MBR-VFM (membrane bioreactor-VITO Fouling Measurement) allows the simultaneous determination of the physically reversible and irreversible fouling potential of a mixed liquor during a single crossflow filtration test. In accordance with the on-line filtration behavior, the measured reversible and irreversible fouling propensities differed significantly between MBRs operated at different combinations of HRT-SRT. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between the on-line permeability and the reversible and irreversible fouling propensity measured by the MBR-VFM. This corresponded to observations made on membrane recovery after physical or chemical cleaning actions. Higher reversible and irreversible fouling were observed at lower HRT, presumably as a consequence of increased concentrations of foulants present. The effect of SRT was much smaller and restricted to the reversible fouling component. Possible explanations for the increased fouling at prolonged SRT are the higher sludge and colloid concentration and the smaller floc size. It can be concluded that the MBR-VFM is a useful tool to monitor fluctuations in a mixed liquors (ir)reversible fouling potential and can contribute to a deeper understanding of the occurring fouling phenomena. | ||||
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| Language | Wos | 000296108500012 | Publication Date | 2011-08-01 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1383-5866 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 3.359 | Times cited | 15 | Open Access | |
| Notes | ; ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.359; 2011 IF: 2.921 | ||
| Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:93410 | Serial | 5992 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Blommaerts, N.; Dingenen, F.; Middelkoop, V.; Savelkouls, J.; Goemans, M.; Tytgat, T.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Lenaerts, S. | ||||
| Title | Ultrafast screening of commercial sorbent materials for VOC adsorption using real-time FTIR spectroscopy | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Separation and purification technology | Abbreviated Journal | Sep Purif Technol |
| Volume | 207 | Issue | 207 | Pages | 284-290 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) | ||||
| Abstract | Recovery of valuable volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from waste streams is of great industrial importance. Adsorption on zeolites offers an economically and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional activated carbon. When evaluating the suitability of a given zeolite for a particular adsorption application, its adsorption capacity has to be determined. This is traditionally achieved using gas chromatography as an analysis tool, yielding only a few discrete sampling points that constitute the adsorption profile. Meanwhile, only low flow rates and low concentrations of volatile organics can be used, rendering the procedure troublesome and time consuming. Herein, we propose a tool for the fast screening of a large amount of zeolites using on-line and quasi real-time Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The technique was used to determine the adsorption capacity of three different commercial zeolites and two silica gels, for five industrially relevant VOCs: acetone; methanol; isohexane; isopentane; and toluene. A series of rapid measurements of the individual adsorption capacities were carried out to obtain a detailed overview of the versatility of the proposed method for the characterization of multi-component and multi-sorption bed systems. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000445987500032 | Publication Date | 2018-06-27 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1383-5866 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 3.359 | Times cited | 5 | Open Access | |
| Notes | ; We would like to thank Vlaams Agenschap Innoveren & Ondernemen (VLAIO) for financial support. The authors would also like to thank Kureha GmbH, Germany for kindly supplying us with their BAC (R) (bead-shaped activated carbon) samples. ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.359 | ||
| Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:154694 | Serial | 6000 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Yang, Z.; Schryvers, D. | ||||
| Title | Composition gradients surrounding Ni4Ti3 precipitates in a NiTi alloy studied by EELS, EFTEM and EDX | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | International journal of applied electromagnetics and mechanics | Abbreviated Journal | Int J Appl Electrom |
| Volume | 23 | Issue | 1/2 | Pages | 17-24 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
| Abstract | |||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Amsterdam | Editor | ||
| Language | Wos | Publication Date | 0000-00-00 | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1383-5416 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; | |
| Impact Factor | 0.769 | Times cited | Open Access | ||
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 0.769; 2006 IF: 0.262 | |||
| Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:59610 | Serial | 443 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Vernimmen, J.; Meynen, V.; Mertens, M.; Lebedev, O.I.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Cool, P. | ||||
| Title | Formation of a Ti-siliceous trimodal material with macroholes, mesopores and zeolitic features via a one-pot templating synthesis | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2012 | Publication | Journal of porous materials | Abbreviated Journal | J Porous Mat |
| Volume | 19 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 153-160 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA) | ||||
| Abstract | Based on a facile one-pot templating synthesis, using a TS-1 zeolite recipe whereby part of the zeolite structure directing agent is replaced by a mesopore templating agent, a trimodal material is formed. The resulting meso-TSM material combines mesoporosity (Ti-MCM-41) with zeolitic features (TS-1) and a unique sheet-like morphology with uniform macroporous voids (macroholes). Moreover, the macrohole formation, mesoporosity and zeolitic properties of the meso-TSM material can be controlled in a straightforward way by adjusting the length of the hydrothermal treatment. This newly developed material may imply great potential for catalytic redox applications and diffusion limitated processes because of its highly tunable character in all three dimensions (micro-, meso- and macroporous scale). | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Kluwer Academic | Place of Publication | Boston, Mass. | Editor | |
| Language | Wos | 000301187600002 | Publication Date | 2011-03-28 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1380-2224;1573-4854; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 1.624 | Times cited | 2 | Open Access | |
| Notes | Fwo; Goa | Approved | Most recent IF: 1.624; 2012 IF: 1.348 | ||
| Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88367 | Serial | 1257 | ||
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| Author | Geerts, R.; Vandermoere, F.; Halet, D.; Van Winckel, T.; Joos, P.; Van Den Steen, K.; Van Meenen, E.; Blust, R.; Vlaeminck, S.E. | ||||
| Title | Ik drink (geen) afval! Een exploratieve studie naar socio-demografische verschillen in publieke steun voor het hergebruik van afvalwater in Vlaanderen | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Vlaams tijdschrift voor overheidsmanagement | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | 3 | Pages | 51-69 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Sociology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Centre for Research on Environmental and Social Change | ||||
| Abstract | In een context van stijgende waterschaarste verkennen wij, naar ons weten voor het eerst in Vlaanderen, publieke steun voor de behandeling en het hergebruik van afvalwater als drinkwater. Vlaanderen is vandaag een van de weinige regio’s waar afvalwater reeds gerecycleerd wordt voor drinkwaterdoeleinden. Dit gebeurt op kleinschalig niveau en de uitbreiding hiervan is vandaag een van de Vlaamse beleidsdoelstellingen. Internationale voorbeelden toonden echter dat een gebrek aan publieke steun een aanzienlijk obstakel kan zijn. Vaak worden gezondheids- en veiligheidsbezorgdheden aangehaald als oorzaak voor het beperkte draagvlak. Minder is geweten over de socio-demografische distributie van dit draagvlak. Daarbovenop blijft er onduidelijkheid over de samenhang tussen socio-demografische kenmerken en gezondheids- en veiligheidsbezorgdheden. Met behulp van een enquête uitgevoerd in Vlaanderen (N=2309), bestudeerden wij ten eerste deze socio-demografische verschillen op basis van bivariate associaties (gender, opleidingsniveau, leeftijd en woonplaats). Ten tweede construeerden we een padmodel om te onderzoeken of deze verschillen verklaard kunnen worden aan de hand van gezondheids- en veiligheidsbezorgdheden. Onze resultaten toonden dat publieke steun voor afvalwaterhergebruik voor drinkwaterdoeleinden in Vlaanderen beperkt is. Het draagvlak was het laagst bij oudere mensen, vrouwen, lager geschoolde groepen en mensen die niet in de Provincie Antwerpen wonen. Voor een groot deel konden socio-demografische verschillen verklaard worden door hogere gezondheids- en veiligheidsbezorgdheden bij vrouwen, lager geschoolden en mensen uit West- en Oost-Vlaanderen. Dit suggereert een gebrek aan vertrouwen in waterexperts en -technologie bij bepaalde socio-demografische groepen, wat zich vertaalt in een verminderde publieke steun voor afvalwaterhergebruik. Op basis van deze bevindingen bespreken we een aantal potentiële actiestrategieën om publieke oppositie te anticiperen en proactief publieke steun te verwerven via doelgerichte (risico)communicatie. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | Publication Date | |||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1373-0509 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record | |
| Impact Factor | Times cited | Open Access | |||
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | |||
| Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:171478 | Serial | 6541 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Sebhatu, K.T.; Taheri, F.; Berhanu, T.; Maertens, M.; Van Passel, S.; D'Haese, M. | ||||
| Title | Beyond focus : exploring variability of service provision of agricultural cooperatives | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Annals of public and cooperative economics | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 92 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 207-231 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM) | ||||
| Abstract | The wide array of services provided by agricultural cooperatives for their members is often not considered in academic studies. Addressing this gap in the literature, our paper explores the wide array of services provided by agricultural cooperatives and how these extend beyond those they were initially intended to provide. We study the extent and characteristics of service portfolios from 511 agricultural cooperatives in the Tigray region of Ethiopia. Results from two-limit Tobit models confirm that government and NGO-initiated cooperatives have a wide service portfolio compared to member-initiated cooperatives. In many of the studied cooperatives, the services they provide and their portfolios are more diverse than expected. Cooperatives seem to go beyond their focal areas of intervention. Also, those cooperatives that are more outward-oriented and where the chair has contact with other cooperatives or businesses, have a wider service portfolio. These results may help to explain the mixed findings on the impact of cooperative membership. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000583855500001 | Publication Date | 2020-10-27 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1370-4788; 1467-8292 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record | |
| Impact Factor | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | ||
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | |||
| Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:173574 | Serial | 6916 | ||
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| Author | Hens, S.; van Landuyt, J.; Bender, H.; Boullart, W.; Vanhaelemeersch, S. | ||||
| Title | Chemical and structural analysis of etching residue layers in semiconductor devices with energy filtering transmission electron microscopy | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Materials science in semiconductor processing | Abbreviated Journal | Mat Sci Semicon Proc |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 1/3 | Pages | 109-111 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
| Abstract | The use of an energy-filtering held emission gun transmission electron microscope (CM30 FEG Ultratwin) allows, apart from imaging morphologies down to nanometer scale, the fast acquisition of high-resolution element distributions. Electrons that have lost energy corresponding to characteristic inner-shell loss edges are used to form the element maps. The production of Ultra Large-Scale Integration (ULSI) devices with dimensions below 0.25 mum requires among others the formation of a multilayer metallization scheme by means of repeatedly applying the deposition and etching of dielectrics and metals. In this work the evolution of the surface chemical species on etched Al lines in a post-etch cleaning process has been investigated by energy filtering transmission electron microscopy, with the aim to understand the role of each process step on the removal of the etching residues. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Oxford | Editor | ||
| Language | Wos | 000167727200026 | Publication Date | 2002-10-14 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1369-8001; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record | |
| Impact Factor | 2.359 | Times cited | Open Access | ||
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.359; 2001 IF: 0.419 | |||
| Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:94967 | Serial | 343 | ||
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| Author | Stuer, C.; van Landuyt, J.; Bender, H.; Rooyackers, R.; Badenes, G. | ||||
| Title | The use of convergent beam electron diffraction for stress measurements in shallow trench isolation structures | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Materials science in semiconductor processing | Abbreviated Journal | Mat Sci Semicon Proc |
| Volume | 4 | Issue | 1/3 | Pages | 117-119 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
| Abstract | Shallow trench isolation (STI) is a promising technology for the isolation structures of the new generation of ULSI devices with dimensions below 0.18 mum. The various processing steps cause stress fields in STI structures, which can lead to defect formation in the silicon substrate. In their turn, stress fields affect the electrical parameters and the reliability of devices. Convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) is used in this study to examine the influence of a wet and a dry pre-gate oxidation on the stress distribution around STI structures. The measurements are performed on STI structures with different width and spacing. CBED analysis is compared with bright-field TEM images. Defects are observed in high-strain areas of small isolated structures. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Oxford | Editor | ||
| Language | Wos | 000167727200028 | Publication Date | 2002-10-14 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1369-8001; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 2.359 | Times cited | 6 | Open Access | |
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.359; 2001 IF: 0.419 | |||
| Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:94968 | Serial | 3602 | ||
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| Author | Gkanatsiou, A.; Lioutas, C.B.; Frangis, N.; Polychroniadis, E.K.; Prystawko, P.; Leszczynski, M.; Altantzis, T.; Van Tendeloo, G. | ||||
| Title | Influence of 4H-SiC substrate miscut on the epitaxy and microstructure of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Materials science in semiconductor processing | Abbreviated Journal | Mat Sci Semicon Proc |
| Volume | 91 | Issue | Pages | 159-166 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
| Abstract | AlGaN/GaN heterostructures were grown on “on-axis” and 2° off (0001) 4H-SiC substrates by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). Structural characterization was performed by transmission electron microscopy. The dislocation density, being greater in the on-axis case, is gradually reduced in the GaN layer and is forming dislocation loops in the lower region. Steps aligned along [11̅00] in the off-axis case give rise to simultaneous defect formation. In the on-axis case, an almost zero density of steps is observed, with the main origin of defects probably being the orientation mismatch at the grain boundaries between the small not fully coalesced AlN grains. V-shaped formations are observed in the AlN nucleation layer, but are more frequent in the off-axis case, probably enhanced by the presence of steps. These V-shaped formations are completely overgrown by the GaN layer, during the subsequent deposition, presenting AlGaN areas in the walls of the defect, indicating an interdiffusion between the layers. Finally, at the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure surface in the on-axis case, V-shapes are observed, with the AlN spacer and AlGaN (21% Al) thickness on relaxed GaN exceeding the critical thickness for relaxation. On the other hand, no relaxation in the form of V-shape creation is observed in the off-axis case, probably due to the smaller AlGaN thickness (less than 21% Al). The AlN spacer layer, grown in between the heterostructure, presents a uniform thickness and clear interfaces. |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000454537700022 | Publication Date | 2018-11-26 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN |
1369-8001 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 2.359 | Times cited | 1 | Open Access | Not_Open_Access |
| Notes | Funding: This work was supported by the IKY Fellowships of Excellence for Postgraduate Studies in Greece-SIEMENS Program; the Greek General Secretariat for Research and Technology, contract SAE 013/8–2009SE 01380012; and the JU ENIAC Project LAST POWER Large Area silicon carbide Substrates and heteroepitaxial GaN for POWER device applications [grant number 120218]. Also part of the research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program under Grant Agreement 312483 – ESTEEM2 (Integrated Infrastructure Initiative–I3). T.A. acknowledges financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through a post-doctoral grant. | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.359 | ||
| Call Number | EMAT @ emat @UA @ admin @ c:irua:156200 | Serial | 5149 | ||
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