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Author Van Alphen, S.; Ahmadi Eshtehardi, H.; O'Modhrain, C.; Bogaerts, J.; Van Poyer, H.; Creel, J.; Delplancke, M.-P.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Effusion nozzle for energy-efficient NOx production in a rotating gliding arc plasma reactor Type A1 Journal article
Year 2022 Publication Chemical Engineering Journal Abbreviated Journal Chem Eng J
Volume 443 Issue Pages (down) 136529
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract Plasma-based NOx production is of interest for sustainable N2 fixation, but more research is needed to improve its performance. One of the current limitations is recombination of NO back into N2 and O2 molecules immediately after the plasma reactor. Therefore, we developed a novel so-called “effusion nozzle”, to improve the perfor­mance of a rotating gliding arc plasma reactor for NOx production, but the same principle can also be applied to other plasma types. Experiments in a wide range of applied power, gas flow rates and N2/O2 ratios demonstrate an enhancement in NOx concentration by about 8%, and a reduction in energy cost by 22.5%. In absolute terms, we obtain NOx concentrations up to 5.9%, at an energy cost down to 2.1 MJ/mol, which are the best values reported to date in literature. In addition, we developed four complementary models to describe the gas flow, plasma temperature and plasma chemistry, aiming to reveal why the effusion nozzle yields better performance. Our simulations reveal that the effusion nozzle acts as very efficient heat sink, causing a fast drop in gas tem­perature when the gas molecules leave the plasma, hence limiting the recombination of NO back into N2 and O2. This yields an overall higher NOx concentration than without the effusion nozzle. This immediate quenching right at the end of the plasma makes our effusion nozzle superior to more conventional cooling options, like water cooling In addition, this higher NOx concentration can be obtained at a slightly lower power, because the effusion nozzle allows for the ignition and sustainment of the plasma at somewhat lower power. Hence, this also explains the lower energy cost. Overall, our experimental results and detailed modeling analysis will be useful to improve plasma-based NOx production in other plasma reactors as well.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000800010600003 Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1385-8947 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 15.1 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
Notes This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and through long-term structural funding (Methusalem). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (depart­ment EWI) and the UAntwerpen. Approved Most recent IF: 15.1
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:188283 Serial 7057
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Author Girard-Sahun, F.; Biondo, O.; Trenchev, G.; van Rooij, G.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Carbon bed post-plasma to enhance the CO2 conversion and remove O2 from the product stream Type A1 Journal article
Year 2022 Publication Chemical Engineering Journal Abbreviated Journal Chem Eng J
Volume 442 Issue Pages (down) 136268
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract CO2 conversion by plasma technology is gaining increasing interest. We present a carbon (charcoal) bed placed after a Gliding Arc Plasmatron (GAP) reactor, to enhance the CO2 conversion, promote O/O2 removal and in­ crease the CO fraction in the exhaust mixture. By means of an innovative (silo) system, the carbon is constantly supplied, to avoid carbon depletion upon reaction with O/O2. Using this carbon bed, the CO2 conversion is enhanced by almost a factor of two (from 7.6 to 12.6%), while the CO concentration even increases by a factor of three (from 7.2 to 21.9%), and O2 is completely removed from the exhaust mixture. Moreover, the energy ef­ ficiency of the conversion process drastically increases from 27.9 to 45.4%, and the energy cost significantly drops from 41.9 to 25.4 kJ.L− 1. We also present the temperature as a function of distance from the reactor outlet, as well as the CO2, CO and O2 concentrations and the temperature in the carbon bed as a function of time, which is important for understanding the underlying mechanisms. Indeed, these time-resolved measurements reveal that the initial enhancements in CO2 conversion and in CO concentration are not maintained in our current setup. Therefore, we present a model to study the gasification of carbon with different feed gases (i.e., O2, CO and CO2 separately), from which we can conclude that the oxygen coverage at the surface plays a key role in determining the product composition and the rate of carbon consumption. Indeed, our model insights indicate that the drop in CO2 conversion and in CO concentration after a few minutes is attributed to deactivation of the carbon bed, due to rapid formation of oxygen complexes at the surface.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000797716700002 Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1385-8947 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 15.1 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
Notes Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; European Research Council; This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Inno­vation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 813393 (PIONEER). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Approved Most recent IF: 15.1
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:188286 Serial 7052
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Author Girard-Sahun, F.; Biondo, O.; Trenchev, G.; van Rooij, G.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Carbon bed post-plasma to enhance the CO2 conversion and remove O2 from the product stream Type A1 Journal article
Year 2022 Publication Chemical Engineering Journal Abbreviated Journal Chem Eng J
Volume 442 Issue Pages (down) 136268
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract CO2 conversion by plasma technology is gaining increasing interest. We present a carbon (charcoal) bed placed after a Gliding Arc Plasmatron (GAP) reactor, to enhance the CO2 conversion, promote O/O2 removal and in­ crease the CO fraction in the exhaust mixture. By means of an innovative (silo) system, the carbon is constantly supplied, to avoid carbon depletion upon reaction with O/O2. Using this carbon bed, the CO2 conversion is enhanced by almost a factor of two (from 7.6 to 12.6%), while the CO concentration even increases by a factor of three (from 7.2 to 21.9%), and O2 is completely removed from the exhaust mixture. Moreover, the energy ef­ ficiency of the conversion process drastically increases from 27.9 to 45.4%, and the energy cost significantly drops from 41.9 to 25.4 kJ.L− 1. We also present the temperature as a function of distance from the reactor outlet, as well as the CO2, CO and O2 concentrations and the temperature in the carbon bed as a function of time, which is important for understanding the underlying mechanisms. Indeed, these time-resolved measurements reveal that the initial enhancements in CO2 conversion and in CO concentration are not maintained in our current setup. Therefore, we present a model to study the gasification of carbon with different feed gases (i.e., O2, CO and CO2 separately), from which we can conclude that the oxygen coverage at the surface plays a key role in determining the product composition and the rate of carbon consumption. Indeed, our model insights indicate that the drop in CO2 conversion and in CO concentration after a few minutes is attributed to deactivation of the carbon bed, due to rapid formation of oxygen complexes at the surface.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000797716700002 Publication Date 0000-00-00
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1385-8947 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 15.1 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
Notes Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; European Research Council; This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Inno­vation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 813393 (PIONEER). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Govern­ment (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. We also thank R. De Meyer, K. Leyssens and S. Defossé for performing the charcoal characterizations. Approved Most recent IF: 15.1
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:188286 Serial 7053
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Author Mees, M.J.; Pourtois, G.; Neyts, E.C.; Thijsse, B.J.; Stesmans, A.
Title Uniform-acceptance force-bias Monte Carlo method with time scale to study solid-state diffusion Type A1 Journal article
Year 2012 Publication Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics Abbreviated Journal Phys Rev B
Volume 85 Issue 13 Pages (down) 134301-134301,9
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract Monte Carlo (MC) methods have a long-standing history as partners of molecular dynamics (MD) to simulate the evolution of materials at the atomic scale. Among these techniques, the uniform-acceptance force-bias Monte Carlo (UFMC) method [ G. Dereli Mol. Simul. 8 351 (1992)] has recently attracted attention [ M. Timonova et al. Phys. Rev. B 81 144107 (2010)] thanks to its apparent capacity of being able to simulate physical processes in a reduced number of iterations compared to classical MD methods. The origin of this efficiency remains, however, unclear. In this work we derive a UFMC method starting from basic thermodynamic principles, which leads to an intuitive and unambiguous formalism. The approach includes a statistically relevant time step per Monte Carlo iteration, showing a significant speed-up compared to MD simulations. This time-stamped force-bias Monte Carlo (tfMC) formalism is tested on both simple one-dimensional and three-dimensional systems. Both test-cases give excellent results in agreement with analytical solutions and literature reports. The inclusion of a time scale, the simplicity of the method, and the enhancement of the time step compared to classical MD methods make this method very appealing for studying the dynamics of many-particle systems.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000302290500001 Publication Date 2012-04-03
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1098-0121;1550-235X; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.836 Times cited 31 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.836; 2012 IF: 3.767
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:97160 Serial 3809
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Author Liang, Y.-S.; Liu, Y.-X.; Zhang, Y.-R.; Wang, Y.-N.
Title Investigation of voltage effect on reaction mechanisms in capacitively coupled N-2 discharges Type A1 Journal article
Year 2020 Publication Journal Of Applied Physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys
Volume 127 Issue 13 Pages (down) 133301
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract A systematic investigation of voltage effect on the plasma parameters, especially the species densities and chemical reaction mechanisms, in the capacitive N-2 discharges is performed by employing a two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model. The validity of the numerical model is first demonstrated by the qualitative agreement of the calculated and experimental results. Then, the densities, production mechanisms, and loss mechanisms of species from simulation are examined at various voltages. It is found that all the species densities increase monotonically with the voltage, whereas their spatial profiles at lower voltages are quite different from those at higher voltages. The electrons and Nthorn 2 ions are mainly generated by the electron impact ionization of N-2 gas, while the Nthorn ions, whose density is one or two orders of magnitude lower, are mostly formed by the ionization of N atoms. The electron impact dissociation of N-2 gas dominates the generation of N atoms, which are mostly destroyed for the Nthorn ion production. As for the excited N-2 levels, the level conversion processes play a very important role in their production and depletion mechanisms, except for the electron impact excitation of the ground state N-2 molecules. Published under license by AIP Publishing.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000524256700001 Publication Date 2020-04-01
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-8979; 1089-7550 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.2 Times cited Open Access
Notes ; This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) (Grant Nos. 11805089 and 11875101), the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China (Grant No. 2019-BS-127), the Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser, Ion and Electron Beams, Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. KF1804), and the China Scholarship Council. ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.2; 2020 IF: 2.068
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:168558 Serial 6555
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Author Clima, S.; Chen, Y.Y.; Degraeve, R.; Mees, M.; Sankaran, K.; Govoreanu, B.; Jurczak, M.; De Gendt, S.; Pourtois, G.
Title First-principles simulation of oxygen diffusion in HfOx : role in the resistive switching mechanism Type A1 Journal article
Year 2012 Publication Applied physics letters Abbreviated Journal Appl Phys Lett
Volume 100 Issue 13 Pages (down) 133102-133102,4
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract Transition metal oxide-based resistor random access memory (RRAM) takes advantage of oxygen-related defects in its principle of operation. Since the change in resistivity of the material is controlled by the oxygen deficiency level, it is of major importance to quantify the kinetics of the oxygen diffusion, key factor for oxide stoichiometry. Ab initio accelerated molecular dynamics techniques are employed to investigate the oxygen diffusivity in amorphous hafnia (HfOx, x = 1.97, 1.0, 0.5). The computed kinetics is in agreement with experimental measurements. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3697690]
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor
Language Wos 000302230800060 Publication Date 2012-03-26
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-6951; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.411 Times cited 63 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.411; 2012 IF: 3.794
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:97786 Serial 1214
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Author Scalise, E.; Houssa, M.; Pourtois, G.; Afanas'ev, V.V.; Stesmans, A.
Title Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy of HfO2 gate stacks : a study based on first-principles modeling Type A1 Journal article
Year 2011 Publication Applied physics letters Abbreviated Journal Appl Phys Lett
Volume 99 Issue 13 Pages (down) 132101,1-132101,3
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract A first-principles modeling approach is used to investigate the vibrational properties of HfO2. The calculated phonon density of states is compared to experimental results obtained from inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) of various metal-oxide-semiconductor devices with HfO2 gate stacks. This comparison provides deep insights into the nature of the signatures of the complicated IETS spectra and provides valuable structural information about the gate stack, such as the possible presence of oxygen vacancies in jet-vapour deposited HfO2. Important structural differences between the interface of atomic-layer or molecular-beam deposited HfO2 and the Si substrate are also revealed.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor
Language Wos 000295618000036 Publication Date 2011-09-26
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-6951; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.411 Times cited 1 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.411; 2011 IF: 3.844
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93611 Serial 1606
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Author Martens, T.; Bogaerts, A.; van Dijk, J.
Title Pulse shape influence on the atmospheric barrier discharge Type A1 Journal article
Year 2010 Publication Applied physics letters Abbreviated Journal Appl Phys Lett
Volume 96 Issue 13 Pages (down) 131503,1-131503,3
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract In this letter we compare the effect of a radio-frequency sine, a low frequency sine, a rectangular and a pulsed dc voltage profile on the calculated electron production and power consumption in the dielectric barrier discharge. We also demonstrate using calculated potential distribution profiles of high time and space resolution how the pulsed dc discharge generates a secondary discharge pulse by deactivating the power supply.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor
Language Wos 000276275300019 Publication Date 2010-03-31
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-6951; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.411 Times cited 35 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.411; 2010 IF: 3.841
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:81538 Serial 2738
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Author Yusupov, M.; Bultinck, E.; Depla, D.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Elucidating the asymmetric behavior of the discharge in a dual magnetron sputter deposition system Type A1 Journal article
Year 2011 Publication Applied physics letters Abbreviated Journal Appl Phys Lett
Volume 98 Issue 13 Pages (down) 131502-131502,3
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract A magnetron discharge is characterized by drifts of the charged particles guiding center, caused by the magnetic field, in contrast to unmagnetized discharges. Because of these drifts, a pronounced asymmetry of the discharge can be observed in a dual magnetron setup. In this work, it is found that the shape of the discharge in a dual magnetron configuration depends on the magnetic field configuration. In a closed configuration, strong drifts were observed in one preferential direction, whereas in a mirror configuration the deflection of the discharge was not so pronounced. Our calculations confirm experimental observations.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor
Language Wos 000289153600017 Publication Date 2011-04-01
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-6951; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.411 Times cited 4 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.411; 2011 IF: 3.844
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87867 Serial 1026
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Author Slaets, J.; Loenders, B.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Plasma-based dry reforming of CH4: Plasma effects vs. thermal conversion Type A1 Journal article
Year 2024 Publication Fuel Abbreviated Journal Fuel
Volume 360 Issue Pages (down) 130650
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract In this work we evaluate the chemical kinetics of dry reforming of methane in warm plasmas (1000–4000 K) using modelling with a newly developed chemistry set, for a broad range of parameters (temperature, power density and CO2/CH4 ratio). We compare the model against thermodynamic equilibrium concentrations, serving as validation of the thermal chemical kinetics. Our model reveals that plasma-specific reactions (i.e., electron impact collisions) accelerate the kinetics compared to thermal conversion, rather than altering the overall kinetics pathways and intermediate products, for gas temperatures below 2000 K. For higher temperatures, the kinetics are dominated by heavy species collisions and are strictly thermal, with negligible influence of the electrons and ions on the overall kinetics. When studying the effects of different gas mixtures on the kinetics, we identify important intermediate species, side reactions and side products. The use of excess CO2 leads to H2O formation, at the expense of H2 formation, and the CO2 conversion itself is limited, only approaching full conversion near 4000 K. In contrast, full conversion of both reactants is only kinetically limited for mixtures with excess CH4, which also gives rise to the formation of C2H2, alongside syngas. Within the given parameter space, our model predicts the 30/70 ratio of CO2/CH4 to be the most optimal for syngas formation with a H2/CO ratio of 2.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 001138077700001 Publication Date 2023-12-15
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0016-2361 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 7.4 Times cited Open Access Not_Open_Access
Notes This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), the Catalisti-ICON project BluePlasma (Project No. HBC.2022.0445), the FWO-SBO project PlasMaCatDESIGN (FWO Grant ID S001619N), the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Project No. 0217-00231B) and through long-term structural funding (Methusalem). The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the HPC core facility CalcUA of the Universiteit Antwerpen, and VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government. We also thank Bart Wanten, Roel Michiels, Pepijn Heirman, Claudia Verheyen, dr. Senne Van Alphen, dr. Elise Vervloessem, dr. Kevin van ’t Veer, dr. Joshua Boothroyd, dr. Omar Biondo and dr. Eduardo Morais for their expertise and feedback regarding the kinetics scheme. Approved Most recent IF: 7.4; 2024 IF: 4.601
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:201669 Serial 8973
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Author Mercer, Er.; Van Alphen, S.; van Deursen, Cf.a.m.; Righart, Tw.h.; Bongers, Wa.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A.; van de Sanden, Mc.m.; Peeters, Fj.j.
Title Post-plasma quenching to improve conversion and energy efficiency in a CO2 microwave plasma Type A1 Journal article
Year 2023 Publication Fuel Abbreviated Journal
Volume 334 Issue Pages (down) 126734
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract Transforming CO2 into value-added chemicals is crucial to realizing a carbon–neutral economy, and plasma-based conversion, a Power-2-X technology, offers a promising route to realizing an efficient and scalable process. This paper investigates the effects of post-plasma placement of a converging–diverging nozzle in a vortex-stabilized 2.45 GHz CO2 microwave plasma reactor to increase energy efficiency and conversion. The CDN leads to a 21 % relative increase in energy efficiency (31 %) and CO2 conversion (13 %) at high flow rates and near-atmospheric conditions. The most significant performance improvement was seen at low flow rates and sub-atmospheric pressure (300 mbar), where energy efficiency was 23 % and conversion was 28 %, a 71 % relative increase over conditions without the CDN. Using CFD simulations, we found that the CDN produces a change in the flow geometry, leading to a confined temperature profile at the height of the plasma, and forced extraction of CO to the post-CDN region.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000891307400008 Publication Date 2022-11-26
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0016-2361 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 7.4 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
Notes This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project) and the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023). The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the HPC core facility CalcUA of the Universiteit Antwerpen, and VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government. In addition, this work has been carried out as part of the Plasma Power to Gas research program with reference 15325, which is by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and Alliander N.V. Approved Most recent IF: 7.4; 2023 IF: 4.601
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:192784 Serial 7235
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Author Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Bal, Km.; Neyts, Ec.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A.
Title On the kinetics and equilibria of plasma-based dry reforming of methane Type A1 Journal article
Year 2021 Publication Chemical Engineering Journal Abbreviated Journal Chem Eng J
Volume 405 Issue Pages (down) 126630
Keywords A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract Plasma reactors are interesting for gas-based chemical conversion but the fundamental relation between the plasma chemistry and selected conditions remains poorly understood. Apparent kinetic parameters for the loss and formation processes of individual components of gas conversion processes, can however be extracted by performing experiments in an extended residence time range (2–75 s) and fitting the gas composition to a firstorder kinetic model of the evolution towards partial chemical equilibrium (PCE). We specifically investigated the differences in kinetic characteristics and PCE state of the CO2 dissociation and CH4 reforming reactions in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBD), how these are mutually affected when combining both gases in the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction, and how they change when a packing material (non-porous SiO2) is added to the reactor. We find that CO2 dissociation is characterized by a comparatively high reaction rate of 0.120 s−1 compared to CH4 reforming at 0.041 s−1; whereas CH4 reforming reaches higher equilibrium conversions, 82% compared to 53.6% for CO2 dissociation. Combining both feed gases makes the DRM reaction to proceed at a relatively high rate (0.088 s−1), and high conversion (75.4%) compared to CO2 dissociation, through accessing new chemical pathways between the products of CO2 and CH4. The addition of the packing material can also distinctly influence the conversion rate and position of the equilibrium, but its precise effect depends strongly on the gas composition. Comparing different CO2:CH4 ratios reveals the delicate balance of the combined chemistry. CO2 drives the loss reactions in DRM, whereas CH4 in the mixture suppresses back reactions. As a result, our methodology provides some of the insight necessary to systematically tune the conversion process.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000621197700003 Publication Date 2020-08-12
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1385-8947 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 6.216 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
Notes The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Fund for Regional Development through the cross-border collaborative Interreg V program Flanders-the Netherlands (project EnOp), the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO; grant number: G.0254.14N), a TOP-BOF project and an IOF-SBO (SynCO2Chem) project from the University of Antwerp. Approved Most recent IF: 6.216
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:172458 Serial 6411
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Author Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Hereijgers, J.; Breugelmans, T.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A.
Title How gas flow design can influence the performance of a DBD plasma reactor for dry reforming of methane Type A1 Journal article
Year 2021 Publication Chemical Engineering Journal Abbreviated Journal Chem Eng J
Volume 405 Issue Pages (down) 126618
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
Abstract DBD plasma reactors are commonly used in a static ‘one inlet – one outlet’ design that goes against reactor design principles for multi-component reactions, such as dry reforming of methane (DRM). Therefore, in this paper we have developed a novel reactor design, and investigated how the shape and size of the reaction zone, as well as gradual gas addition, and the method of mixing CO2 and CH4 can influence the conversion and product com­ position of DRM. Even in the standard ‘one inlet – one outlet’ design, the direction of the gas flow (i.e. short or long path through the reactor, which defines the gas velocity at fixed residence time), as well as the dimensions of the reaction zone and the power delivery to the reactor, largely affect the performance. Using gradual gas addition and separate plasma activation zones for the individual gases give increased conversions within the same operational parameters, by optimising mixing ratios and kinetics. The choice of the main (pre-activated) gas and the direction of gas flow largely affect the conversion and energy cost, while the gas inlet position during separate addition only influences the product distribution.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000626511800005 Publication Date 2020-08-12
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1385-8947 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 6.216 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
Notes Interreg; Flanders; FWO; University of Antwerp; The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Fund for Regional Development through the cross-border collaborative Interreg V program Flanders-the Netherlands (project EnOp), the Fund 13 for Scientific Research (FWO; grant number: G.0254.14N), and an IOFSBO (SynCO2Chem) project from the University of Antwerp. Approved Most recent IF: 6.216
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:170609 Serial 6410
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Author Andersen, Ja.; Christensen, Jm.; Østberg, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Jensen, Ad.
Title Plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane: Screening of catalytic materials in a coaxial packed-bed DBD reactor Type A1 Journal article
Year 2020 Publication Chemical Engineering Journal Abbreviated Journal Chem Eng J
Volume 397 Issue Pages (down) 125519
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract The combination of catalysis with non-thermal plasma is a promising alternative to thermal catalysis. A dielectric-barrier discharge reactor was used to study plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane at ambient pressure and temperature and a fixed plasma power of 45 W. The effect of different catalytic packing materials was evaluated in terms of conversion, product selectivity, and energy efficiency. The conversion of CO2 (~22%) and CH4 (~33%) were found to be similar in plasma-only and when introducing packing materials in plasma. The main reason is the shorter residence time of the gas due to packing geometry, when compared at identical flow rates. H2, CO, C2-C4 hydrocarbons, and oxygenates were identified in the product gas. High selectivity towards H2 and CO were found for all catalysts and plasma-only, with a H2/CO molar ratio of ~0.9. The lowest syngas selectivity was obtained with Cu/Al2O3 (~66%), which instead, had the highest alcohol selectivity (~3.6%).
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000542296100011 Publication Date 2020-05-17
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1385-8947 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 15.1 Times cited Open Access
Notes Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark; We thank Haldor Topsoe A/S for providing all the catalytic materials used and the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, for funding this project. Approved Most recent IF: 15.1; 2020 IF: 6.216
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:170613 Serial 6406
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Yusupov, M.; Yan, D.; Cordeiro, R.M.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Atomic scale simulation of H2O2permeation through aquaporin: toward the understanding of plasma cancer treatment Type A1 Journal article
Year 2018 Publication Journal of physics: D: applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Phys D Appl Phys
Volume 51 Issue 12 Pages (down) 125401
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract Experiments have demonstrated the potential selective anticancer capacity of cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs), but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using computer simulations, we try to shed light on the mechanism of selectivity, based on aquaporins (AQPs), i.e. transmembrane protein channels transferring external H 2 O 2 and other reactive oxygen species, created e.g. by CAPs, to the cell interior. Specifically, we perform molecular dynamics simulations for the permeation of H 2 O 2 through AQP1 (one of the members of the AQP family) and the palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine (POPC) phospholipid bilayer (PLB). The free energy barrier of H 2 O 2 across AQP1 is lower than for the POPC PLB, while the permeability coefficient, calculated using the free energy and diffusion rate profiles, is two orders of magnitude higher. This indicates that the delivery of H 2 O 2 into the cell interior should be through AQP. Our study gives a better insight into the role of AQPs in the selectivity of CAPs for treating cancer cells.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000426378100001 Publication Date 2018-02-28
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0022-3727 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.588 Times cited 7 Open Access OpenAccess
Notes MY gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO) via Grant No. 1200216N and a travel grant to George Washington University (GWU). The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Super- computer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UA. Work at GWU was supported by the National Science Foundation, grant 1465061. RMC thanks FAPESP and CNPq for finan- cial support (Grant Nos. 2012/50680-5 and 459270/2014-1, respectively). Approved Most recent IF: 2.588
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:149382 Serial 4811
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Author Kolev, S.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Three-dimensional modeling of energy transport in a gliding arc discharge in argon Type A1 Journal Article
Year 2018 Publication Plasma Sources Science & Technology Abbreviated Journal Plasma Sources Sci T
Volume 27 Issue 12 Pages (down) 125011
Keywords A1 Journal Article; gliding arc discharge, sliding arc discharge, energy transport, fluid plasma model, atmospheric pressure plasmas; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
Abstract In this work we study energy transport in a gliding arc discharge with two diverging flat

electrodes in argon gas at atmospheric pressure. The discharge is ignited at the shortest electrode

gap and it is pushed downstream by a forced gas flow. The current values considered are

relatively low and therefore a non-equilibrium plasma is produced. We consider two cases, i.e.

with high and low discharge current (28 mA and 2.8mA), and a constant gas flow of 10 lmin −1 ,

with a significant turbulent component to the velocity. The study presents an analysis of the

various energy transport mechanisms responsible for the redistribution of Joule heating to the

plasma species and the moving background gas. The objective of this work is to provide a

general understanding of the role of the different energy transport mechanisms in arc formation

and sustainment, which can be used to improve existing or new discharge designs. The work is

based on a three-dimensional numerical model, combining a fluid plasma model, the shear stress

transport Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes turbulent gas flow model, and a model for gas

thermal balance. The obtained results show that at higher current the discharge is constricted

within a thin plasma column several hundred kelvin above room temperature, while in the low-

current discharge the combination of intense convective cooling and low Joule heating prevents

discharge contraction and the plasma column evolves to a static non-moving diffusive plasma,

continuously cooled by the flowing gas. As a result, the energy transport in the two cases is

determined by different mechanisms. At higher current and a constricted plasma column, the

plasma column is cooled mainly by turbulent transport, while at low current and an unconstricted

plasma, the major cooling mechanism is energy transport due to non-turbulent gas convection. In

general, the study also demonstrates the importance of turbulent energy transport in

redistributing the Joule heating in the arc and its significant role in arc cooling and the formation

of the gas temperature profile. In general, the turbulent energy transport lowers the average gas

temperature in the arc, thus allowing additional control of thermal non-equilibrium in the

discharge.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000454555600005 Publication Date 2018-12-28
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1361-6595 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.302 Times cited Open Access Not_Open_Access
Notes This work was supported by the European Regional Devel- opment Fund within the Operational Programme ’Science and Education for Smart Growth 2014 – 2020’ under the Project CoE ’National center of mechatronics and clean technologies’ BG05M2OP001-1.001-0008-C01, and by the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO); grant no G.0383.16N. Approved Most recent IF: 3.302
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:155973 Serial 5140
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ramakers, M.; Medrano, J.A.; Trenchev, G.; Gallucci, F.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Revealing the arc dynamics in a gliding arc plasmatron: a better insight to improve CO2conversion Type A1 Journal article
Year 2017 Publication Plasma sources science and technology Abbreviated Journal Plasma Sources Sci T
Volume 26 Issue 12 Pages (down) 125002
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract A gliding arc plasmatron (GAP) is very promising for CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals, but to further improve this important application, a better understanding of the arc behavior is indispensable. Therefore, we study here for the first time the dynamic arc behavior of the GAP by means of a high-speed camera, for different reactor configurations and in a wide range of operating conditions. This allows us to provide a complete image of the behavior of the gliding arc. More specifically, the arc body shape, diameter, movement and rotation speed are analyzed and discussed. Clearly, the arc movement and shape relies on a number of factors, such as gas turbulence, outlet diameter, electrode surface, gas contraction and buoyance force. Furthermore, we also compare the experimentally measured arc movement to a state-of-the-art 3D-plasma model, which predicts the plasma movement and rotation speed with very good accuracy, to gain further insight in the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we correlate the arc dynamics with the CO2 conversion and energy efficiency, at exactly the same conditions, to explain the effect of these parameters on the CO2 conversion process. This work is important for understanding and optimizing the GAP for CO2 conversion.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000414675000001 Publication Date 2017-11-07
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1361-6595 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.302 Times cited 7 Open Access OpenAccess
Notes This work was supported by the Belgian Federal Office for Science Policy (BELSPO) and the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO; grant numbers G.0383.16N and 11U5316N). Approved Most recent IF: 3.302
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:147023 Serial 4761
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Neyts, E.; Eckert, M.; Mao, M.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Numerical simulation of hydrocarbon plasmas for nanoparticle formation and the growth of nanostructured thin films Type A1 Journal article
Year 2009 Publication Plasma physics and controlled fusion Abbreviated Journal Plasma Phys Contr F
Volume 51 Issue Pages (down) 124034,1-124034,8
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract This paper outlines two different numerical simulation approaches, carried out by our group, used for describing hydrocarbon plasmas in their applications for either nanoparticle formation in the plasma or the growth of nanostructured thin films, such as nanocrystalline diamond (NCD). A plasma model based on the fluid approach is utilized to study the initial mechanisms giving rise to nanoparticle formation in an acetylene plasma. The growth of NCD is investigated by molecular dynamics simulations, describing the interaction of the hydrocarbon species with a substrate.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Oxford Editor
Language Wos 000271940800045 Publication Date 2009-11-12
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0741-3335;1361-6587; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.392 Times cited 2 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.392; 2009 IF: 2.409
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:79132 Serial 2405
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Cenian, A.; Chernukho, A.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.; Leys, C.
Title Particle-in-cell Monte Carlo modeling of Langmuir probes in an Ar plasma Type A1 Journal article
Year 2005 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys
Volume 97 Issue Pages (down) 123310,1-10
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor
Language Wos 000230278100019 Publication Date 2005-06-28
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 18 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2005 IF: 2.498
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:53103 Serial 2560
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Baguer, N.; Bogaerts, A.; Donko, Z.; Gijbels, R.; Sadeghi, N.
Title Study of the Ar metastable atom population in a hollow cathode discharge by means of a hybrid model and spectrometric measurements Type A1 Journal article
Year 2005 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys
Volume 97 Issue Pages (down) 123305,1-12
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor
Language Wos 000230278100014 Publication Date 2005-06-21
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 40 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2005 IF: 2.498
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:53102 Serial 3334
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Wang, J.; Zhang, K.; Mertens, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Meynen, V.
Title Plasma-based dry reforming of methane in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor: Importance of uniform (sub)micron packings/catalysts to enhance the performance Type A1 Journal Article
Year 2023 Publication APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL Abbreviated Journal
Volume 337 Issue Pages (down) 122977
Keywords A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
Abstract This study presents new insights on the effect of (sub)micrometer particle sized materials in plasma-based CO2-

CH4 reforming by investigating the performance of SiO2 spheres (with/without supported metal) of varying

particle sizes. (Sub)micron particles synthesized through the St¨ober method were used instead of (sub)millimeter

particles employed in previous studies. Increasing particle size (from 120 nm to 2390 nm) was found to first

increase and then decrease conversion and energy yield, with optimal performance achieved using 740 nm 5 wt%

Ni loaded SiO2, which improved CO2 and CH4 conversion, and energy yield to 44%, 55%, and 0.271 mmol/kJ,

respectively, compared to 20%, 27%, and 0.116 mmol/kJ in an empty reactor at the same flow rate. This is the

first to achieve significant performance improvement in a fully packed reactor, highlighting the importance of

selecting a suitable particle size. The findings can offer guidance towards rational design of catalysts for plasmabased

reactions.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 001056527600001 Publication Date 2023-06-09
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0926-3373 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record
Impact Factor 22.1 Times cited Open Access Not_Open_Access
Notes This work is supported by the China Scholarship Council (No. 201806060123); and the VLAIO Catalisti transition project CO2PERATE (HBC.2017.0692). K.Z acknowledges the EASiCHEM project funded by the Flemish Strategic Basic Research Program of the Catalisti cluster and Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship (HBC.2018.0484). Approved Most recent IF: 22.1; 2023 IF: 9.446
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:196955 Serial 8797
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Wang, J.; Zhang, K.; Mertens, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Meynen, V.
Title Plasma-based dry reforming of methane in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor: Importance of uniform (sub)micron packings/catalysts to enhance the performance Type A1 Journal Article
Year 2023 Publication APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL Abbreviated Journal
Volume 337 Issue Pages (down) 122977
Keywords A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
Abstract This study presents new insights on the effect of (sub)micrometer particle sized materials in plasma-based CO2-

CH4 reforming by investigating the performance of SiO2 spheres (with/without supported metal) of varying

particle sizes. (Sub)micron particles synthesized through the St¨ober method were used instead of (sub)millimeter

particles employed in previous studies. Increasing particle size (from 120 nm to 2390 nm) was found to first

increase and then decrease conversion and energy yield, with optimal performance achieved using 740 nm 5 wt%

Ni loaded SiO2, which improved CO2 and CH4 conversion, and energy yield to 44%, 55%, and 0.271 mmol/kJ,

respectively, compared to 20%, 27%, and 0.116 mmol/kJ in an empty reactor at the same flow rate. This is the

first to achieve significant performance improvement in a fully packed reactor, highlighting the importance of

selecting a suitable particle size. The findings can offer guidance towards rational design of catalysts for plasmabased

reactions.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 001056527600001 Publication Date 2023-06-09
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0926-3373 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record
Impact Factor 22.1 Times cited Open Access Not_Open_Access
Notes This work is supported by the China Scholarship Council (No. 201806060123); and the VLAIO Catalisti transition project CO2PERATE (HBC.2017.0692). K.Z acknowledges the EASiCHEM project funded by the Flemish Strategic Basic Research Program of the Catalisti cluster and Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship (HBC.2018.0484). Approved Most recent IF: 22.1; 2023 IF: 9.446
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:196955 Serial 8798
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Zhou, R.; Zhou, R.; Xian, Y.; Fang, Z.; Lu, X.; Bazaka, K.; Bogaerts, A.; Ostrikov, K.(K.)
Title Plasma-enabled catalyst-free conversion of ethanol to hydrogen gas and carbon dots near room temperature Type A1 Journal article
Year 2020 Publication Chemical Engineering Journal Abbreviated Journal Chem Eng J
Volume 382 Issue 382 Pages (down) 122745
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract Selective conversion of bio-renewable ethanol under mild conditions especially at room temperature remains a major challenge for sustainable production of hydrogen and valuable carbon-based materials. In this study, adaptive non-thermal plasma is applied to deliver pulsed energy to rapidly and selectively reform ethanol in the absence of a catalyst. Importantly, the carbon atoms in ethanol that would otherwise be released into the environment in the form of CO or CO2 are effectively captured in the form of carbon dots (CDs). Three modes of non-thermal spark plasma discharges, i.e. single spark mode (SSM), multiple spark mode (MSM) and gliding spark mode (GSM), provide additional flexibility in ethanol reforming by controlling the processes of energy transfer and distribution, thereby affecting the flow rate, gas content, and energy consumption in H-2 production. A favourable combination of low temperature (< 40 degrees C), attractive conversion rate (gas flow rate of similar to 120 mL/min), high hydrogen yield (H-2 content > 90%), low energy consumption (similar to 0.96 kWh/m(3) H-2) and the effective generation of photoluminescent CDs (which are applicable for bioimaging or biolabelling) in the MSM indicate that the proposed strategy may offer a new carbon-negative avenue for comprehensive utilization of alcohols and mitigating the increasingly severe energy and environmental issues.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000503381200200 Publication Date 2019-09-07
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1385-8947; 1873-3212 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 15.1 Times cited 20 Open Access
Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 15.1; 2020 IF: 6.216
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:165648 Serial 6318
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Martens, T.; Brok, W.J.M.; van Dijk, J.; Bogaerts, A.
Title On the regime transitions during the formation of an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier glow discharge Type A1 Journal article
Year 2009 Publication Journal of physics: D: applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Phys D Appl Phys
Volume 42 Issue 12 Pages (down) 122002,1-122002,5
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract The atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge in helium is a pulsed discharge in nature. If during the electrical current pulse a glow discharge is reached, then this pulse will last only a few microseconds in operating periods of sinusoidal voltage with lengths of about 10 to 100 µs. In this paper we demonstrate that right before a glow discharge is reached, the discharge very closely resembles the commonly assumed Townsend discharge structure, but actually contains some significant differing features and hence should not be considered as a Townsend discharge. In order to clarify this, we present calculation results of high time and space resolution of the pulse formation. The results indicate that indeed a maximum of ionization is formed at the anode, but that the level of ionization remains high and that the electric field at that time is significantly disturbed. Our results also show where this intermediate structure comes from.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication London Editor
Language Wos 000266639300002 Publication Date 2009-05-22
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0022-3727;1361-6463; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.588 Times cited 21 Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.588; 2009 IF: 2.083
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:76458 Serial 2450
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Yi, Y.; Li, S.; Cui, Z.; Hao, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, L.; Liu, P.; Tu, X.; Xu, X.; Guo, H.; Bogaerts, A.
Title Selective oxidation of CH4 to CH3OH through plasma catalysis: Insights from catalyst characterization and chemical kinetics modelling Type A1 Journal Article;Methane conversion
Year 2021 Publication Applied Catalysis B-Environmental Abbreviated Journal Appl Catal B-Environ
Volume 296 Issue Pages (down) 120384
Keywords A1 Journal Article;Methane conversion; Plasma catalysis; Selective oxidation; Methanol synthesis; Plasma chemistry; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
Abstract The selective oxidation of methane to methanol (SOMTM) by molecular oxygen is a holy grail in catalytic chemistry and remains a challenge in chemical industry. We perform SOMTM in a CH4/O2 plasma, at low temperature and atmospheric pressure, promoted by Ni-based catalysts, reaching 81 % liquid oxygenates selectivity and 50 % CH3OH selectivity, with an excellent catalytic stability. Chemical kinetics modelling shows that CH3OH in the plasma is mainly produced through radical reactions, i.e., CH4 + O(1D) → CH3O + H, fol­lowed by CH3O + H + M→ CH3OH + M and CH3O + HCO → CH3OH + CO. The catalyst characterization shows that the improved production of CH3OH is attributed to abundant chemisorbed oxygen species, originating from highly dispersed NiO phase with strong oxide support interaction with γ-Al2O3, which are capable of promoting CH3OH formation through E-R reactions and activating H2O molecules to facilitate CH3OH desorption.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000706860000003 Publication Date 2021-05-21
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0926-3373 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 9.446 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
Notes National Natural Science Foundation of China; PetroChina Innovation Foundation; We acknowledge financial support from the PetroChina Innovation Foundation [grant ID: 2018D-5007-0501], the Young Star Project of Dalian Science and Technology Bureau [grant ID: 2019RQ042], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant ID: 21503032] and the TOP research project of the Research Fund of the University of Antwerp [grant ID: 32249]. Approved Most recent IF: 9.446
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:178816 Serial 6793
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Kovács, A.; Yusupov, M.; Cornet, I.; Billen, P.; Neyts, E.C.
Title Effect of natural deep eutectic solvents of non-eutectic compositions on enzyme stability Type A1 Journal article
Year 2022 Publication Journal Of Molecular Liquids Abbreviated Journal J Mol Liq
Volume 366 Issue Pages (down) 120180-17
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Biochemical Wastewater Valorization & Engineering (BioWaVE); Intelligence in PRocesses, Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS)
Abstract Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) represent a green alternative to common organic solvents in the biochemical industry due to their benign behavior and tailorable properties, in particular as media for enzymatic reactions. However, to fully exploit their potential in enzymatic reactions, there is a need for a more fundamental understanding of how these neoteric solvents influence the course of these reac-tions. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of NADES with various molar composi-tions on the stability and structure of enzymes, applying molecular dynamics simulations. This can help to better understand the effect of individual compounds of NADES, in addition to eutectic mixtures. More specifically, we simulate the behavior of Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) enzyme in NADES com-posed of choline chloride with either urea, ethylene glycol or glycerol. Hereto, we monitor the NADES microstructure, the general stability of the enzyme and changes in the structure of its active sites and sur-face residues. Our simulations show that none of the studied NADES systems significantly disrupt the microstructure of the solvent or the stability of the CALB enzyme within the time scales of the simula-tions. The enzyme preserves its initial structure, size and intra-chain hydrogen bonds in all investigated compositions and, for the first time reported, also in NADES with increased hydrogen bond donating com-pound ratios. As the main novelty, our results indicate that, in addition to the composition, the molar ratio can be an additional variable to fine-tune the physicochemical properties of NADES without altering the enzyme characteristics. These findings could facilitate the development and application of task -tailored NADES media for biocatalytic processes. (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000865431800010 Publication Date 2022-08-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0167-7322 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record
Impact Factor 6 Times cited Open Access Not_Open_Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 6
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:191538 Serial 7265
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Meng, S.; Li, S.; Sun, S.; Bogaerts, A.; Liu, Y.; Yi, Y.
Title NH3 decomposition for H2 production by thermal and plasma catalysis using bimetallic catalysts Type A1 Journal article
Year 2024 Publication Chemical engineering science Abbreviated Journal Chemical Engineering Science
Volume 283 Issue Pages (down) 119449
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract Plasma catalysis has emerged as a promising approach for driving thermodynamically unfavorable chemical

reactions. Nevertheless, comprehending the mechanisms involved remains a challenge, leading to uncertainty

about whether the optimal catalyst in plasma catalysis aligns with that in thermal catalysis. In this research, we

explore this question by studying monometallic catalysts (Fe, Co, Ni and Mo) and bimetallic catalysts (Fe-Co, Mo-

Co, Fe-Ni and Mo-Ni) in both thermal catalytic and plasma catalytic NH3 decomposition. Our findings reveal that

the Fe-Co bimetallic catalyst exhibits the highest activity in thermal catalysis, the Fe-Ni bimetallic catalyst

outperforms others in plasma catalysis, indicating a discrepancy between the optimal catalysts for the two

catalytic modes in NH3 decomposition. Comprehensive catalyst characterization, kinetic analysis, temperature

program surface reaction experiments and plasma diagnosis are employed to discuss the key factors influencing

NH3 decomposition performance.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 001105312500001 Publication Date 2023-10-28
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0009-2509 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 4.7 Times cited Open Access Not_Open_Access
Notes Universiteit Antwerpen, 32249 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China, 21503032 ; PetroChina Innovation Foundation, 2018D-5007-0501 ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.7; 2024 IF: 2.895
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:201009 Serial 8967
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Andersen, Ja.; van 't Veer, K.; Christensen, Jm.; Østberg, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Jensen, Ad.
Title Ammonia decomposition in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma: Insights from experiments and kinetic modeling Type A1 Journal article
Year 2023 Publication Chemical engineering science Abbreviated Journal
Volume 271 Issue Pages (down) 118550
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract Utilizing ammonia as a storage medium for hydrogen is currently receiving increased attention. A possible method to retrieve the hydrogen is by plasma-catalytic decomposition. In this work, we combined an experimental study, using a dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor, with a plasma kinetic model, to get insights into the decomposition mechanism. The experimental results revealed a similar effect on the ammonia conversion when changing the flow rate and power, where increasing the specific energy input (higher power or lower flow rate) gave an increased conversion. A conversion as high as 82 % was achieved at a specific energy input of 18 kJ/Nl. Furthermore, when changing the discharge volume from 31 to 10 cm3, a change in the plasma distribution factor from 0.2 to 0.1 was needed in the model to best describe the conversions of the experiments. This means that a smaller plasma volume caused a higher transfer of energy through micro-discharges (non-uniform plasma), which was found to promote the decomposition of ammonia. These results indicate that it is the collisions between NH3 and the high-energy electrons that initiate the decomposition. Moreover, the rate of ammonia destruction was found by the model to be in the order of 1022 molecules/(cm3 s) during the micro-discharges, which is 5 to 6 orders of magnitude higher than in the afterglows. A considerable re-formation of ammonia was found to take place in the afterglows, limiting the overall conversion. In addition, the model revealed that implementation of packing material in the plasma introduced high concentrations of surface-bound hydrogen atoms, which introduced an additional ammonia re-formation pathway through an Eley-Rideal reaction with gas phase NH2. Furthermore, a more uniform plasma is predicted in the presence of MgAl2O4, which leads to a lower average electron energy during micro-discharges and a lower conversion (37 %) at a comparable residence time for the plasma alone (51 %).
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000946293200001 Publication Date 2023-02-09
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0009-2509 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 4.7 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
Notes We thank Topsoe A/S for providing the packing material used, the research group PLASMANT (UAntwerpen) for sharing their plasma kinetic model and allowing us to perform the calculations on their clusters, and the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, for funding this project. Approved Most recent IF: 4.7; 2023 IF: 2.895
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195204 Serial 7237
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Author Manaigo, F.; Rouwenhorst, K.; Bogaerts, A.; Snyders, R.
Title Feasibility study of a small-scale fertilizer production facility based on plasma nitrogen fixation Type A1 Journal Article
Year 2024 Publication Energy Conversion and Management Abbreviated Journal Energy Conversion and Management
Volume 302 Issue Pages (down) 118124
Keywords A1 Journal Article; Plasma-based nitrogen fixation Haber-Bosch Feasibility study Fertilizer production; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 001171038200001 Publication Date 2024-01-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0196-8904 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record
Impact Factor 10.4 Times cited Open Access Not_Open_Access
Notes This research is supported by the FNRS-FWO project ‘‘NITROPLASM’’, EOS O005118F. The authors thank Dr. L. Hollevoet (KU Leuven) for the draft reviewing and for providing additional information on the lean NO???? trap. Approved Most recent IF: 10.4; 2024 IF: 5.589
Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:204351 Serial 8992
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Author Nematollahi, P.; Neyts, E.C.
Title Direct oxidation of methane to methanol on Co embedded N-doped graphene: Comparing the role of N₂O and O₂ as oxidants Type A1 Journal article
Year 2020 Publication Applied Catalysis A-General Abbreviated Journal Appl Catal A-Gen
Volume 602 Issue Pages (down) 117716-10
Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Abstract In this work, the effects of N-doping into the Co-doped single vacancy (Co-SV-G) and di-vacancy graphene flake (Co-dV-G) are investigated and compared toward direct oxidation of methane to methanol (DOMM) employing two different oxidants (N2O and O-2) using density functional theory (DFT) calculation. We found that DOMM on CoN3-G utilizing the N2O molecule as oxygen-donor proceeds via a two-step reaction with low activation energies. In addition, we found that although CoN3-G might be a good catalyst for methane conversion, it can also catalyze the oxidation of methanol to CO2 and H2O due to the required low activation barriers. Moreover, the adsorption behaviors of CHx (x = 0-4) species and dehydrogenation of CHx (x = 1-4) species on CoN3-G are investigated. We concluded that CoN3-G can be used as an efficient catalyst for DOMM and N-2O reduction at ambient conditions which may serve as a guide for fabricating effective C/N catalysts in energy-related devices.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000554006800046 Publication Date 2020-06-27
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
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ISSN 0926-860x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 5.5 Times cited Open Access
Notes ; This work was performed with the financial support from the Doctoral Fund of the Antwerp University (NO. BOFLP33099). All the simulations are performed on resources provided by the high-performance computing center of Antwerp University. ; Approved Most recent IF: 5.5; 2020 IF: 4.339
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:171219 Serial 6485
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