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	Author	Wang, J.T.W.; Cabana, L.; Bourgognon, M.; Kafa, H.; Protti, A.; Venner, K.; Shah, A.M.; Sosabowski, J.K.; Mather, S.J.; Roig, A.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; de Rosales, R.T.M.; Tobias, G.; Al-Jamal, K.T.
	Title	Magnetically decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes as dual MRI and SPECT contrast agents			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Advanced functional materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Funct Mater
	Volume	24	Issue	13	Pages	1880-1894
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most promising nanomaterials to be used in biomedicine for drug/gene delivery as well as biomedical imaging. This study develops radio-labeled, iron oxide-decorated multiwalled CNTs (MWNTs) as dual magnetic resonance (MR) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) contrast agents. Hybrids containing different amounts of iron oxide are synthesized by in situ generation. Physicochemical characterisations reveal the presence of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) granted the magnetic properties of the hybrids. Further comprehensive examinations including high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), fast Fourier transform simulations, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy assure the conformation of prepared SPION as γ-Fe2O3. High r2 relaxivities are obtained in both phantom and in vivo MRI compared to the clinically approved SPION Endorem. The hybrids are successfully radio labeled with technetium-99m through a functionalized bisphosphonate and enable SPECT/CT imaging and γ-scintigraphy to quantitatively analyze the biodistribution in mice. No abnormality is found by histological examination and the presence of SPION and MWNT are identified by Perls stain and Neutral Red stain, respectively. TEM images of liver and spleen tissues show the co-localization of SPION and MWNTs within the same intracellular vesicles, indicating the in vivo stability of the hybrids after intravenous injection. The results demonstrate the capability of the present SPIONMWNT hybrids as dual MRI and SPECT contrast agents for in vivo use.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000333674100007	Publication Date	2013-11-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1616-301X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.124	Times cited	50	Open Access
	Notes	Countatoms; Fp7; Esteem2; esteem2_ta			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.124; 2014 IF: 11.805
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:111589			Serial	1891
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Spyrou, K.; Potsi, G.; Diamanti, E.K.; Ke, X.; Serestatidou, E.; Verginadis, I.I.; Velalopoulou, A.P.; Evangelou, A.M.; Deligiannakis, Y.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Gournis, D.; Rudolf, P.;
	Title	Towards Novel Multifunctional Pillared Nanostructures: Effective Intercalation of Adamantylamine in Graphene Oxide and Smectite Clays			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Advanced functional materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Funct Mater
	Volume	24	Issue	37	Pages	5841-5850
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Multifunctional pillared materials are synthesized by the intercalation of cage-shaped adamantylamine (ADMA) molecules into the interlayer space of graphite oxide (GO) and aluminosilicate clays. The physicochemical and structural properties of these hybrids, determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman and X-ray photoemission (XPS) spectroscopies and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that they can serve as tunable hydrophobic/hydrophilic and stereospecific nanotemplates. Thus, in ADMA-pillared clay hybrids, the phyllomorphous clay provides a hydrophilic nanoenvironment where the local hydrophobicity is modulated by the presence of ADMA moieties. On the other hand, in the ADMA-GO hybrid, both the aromatic rings of GO sheets and the ADMA molecules define a hydrophobic nanoenvironment where sp(3)-oxo moieties (epoxy, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups), present on GO, modulate hydrophilicity. As test applications, these pillared nanostructures are capable of selective/stereospecific trapping of small chlorophenols or can act as cytotoxic agents.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000342794500008	Publication Date	2014-07-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1616-301X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.124	Times cited	19	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 12.124; 2014 IF: 11.805
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:121085			Serial	3686
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	Author	Schulze, A.; Hantschel, T.; Dathe, A.; Eyben, P.; Ke, X.; Vandervorst, W.
	Title	Electrical tomography using atomic force microscopy and its application towards carbon nanotube-based interconnects			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Nanotechnology	Abbreviated Journal	Nanotechnology
	Volume	23	Issue	30	Pages	305707
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The fabrication and integration of low-resistance carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for interconnects in future integrated circuits requires characterization techniques providing structural and electrical information at the nanometer scale. In this paper we present a slice-and-view approach based on electrical atomic force microscopy. Material removal achieved by successive scanning using doped ultra-sharp full-diamond probes, manufactured in-house, enables us to acquire two-dimensional (2D) resistance maps originating from different depths (equivalently different CNT lengths) on CNT-based interconnects. Stacking and interpolating these 2D resistance maps results in a three-dimensional (3D) representation (tomogram). This allows insight from a structural (e.g. size, density, distribution, straightness) and electrical point of view simultaneously. By extracting the resistance evolution over the length of an individual CNT we derive quantitative information about the resistivity and the contact resistance between the CNT and bottom electrode.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000306333500029	Publication Date	2012-07-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0957-4484;1361-6528;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.44	Times cited	29	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.44; 2012 IF: 3.842
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:100750			Serial	895
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	Author	Cabana, L.; Gonzalez-Campo, A.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Nunez, R.; Tobias, G.
	Title	Efficient Chemical Modification of Carbon Nanotubes with Metallacarboranes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Chemistry: a European journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem-Eur J
	Volume	21	Issue	21	Pages	16792-16795
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	As-produced single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) tend to aggregate in bundles due to pi-pi interactions. Several approaches are nowadays available to debundle, at least partially, the nanotubes through surface modification by both covalent and noncovalent approaches. Herein, we explore different strategies to afford an efficient covalent functionalization of SWCNTs with cobaltabisdicarbollide anions. Aberration-corrected HRTEM analysis reveals the presence of metallacarboranes along the walls of the SWCNTs. This new family of materials presents an outstanding water dispersibility that facilitates its processability for potential applications.
	Address	Institut de Ciencia de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus Universitari de la UAB. 08193, Bellaterra (Spain). gerard.tobias@icmab.es
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000366501600011	Publication Date	2015-10-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0947-6539;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.317	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	The research leading to these results received financial support from MINECO (MAT2014-53500-R; CTQ2013-44670-R), Generalitat de Catalunya (2014/SGR/149), and from the European Commission under the FP7 ITN Marie-Curie Network programme RADDEL (grant agreement 290023), the Integrated Infrastructure Initiative No. 262348 European Soft Matter Infrastructure (ESMI) and the European Research Council, ERC Grant No 246791-COUNTATOMS. A.G.C. thanks the CSIC for the JAE-DOC grant.			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.317; 2015 IF: 5.731
	Call Number	c:irua:129215			Serial	3964
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	Author	Goffin, A.-L.; Duquesne, E.; Raquez, J.-M.; Miltner, H.E.; Ke, X.; Alexandre, M.; Van Tendeloo, G.; van Mele, B.; Dubois, P.
	Title	From polyester grafting onto POSS nanocage by ring-opening polymerization to high performance polyester/POSS nanocomposites			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Journal of materials chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	J Mater Chem
	Volume	20	Issue	42	Pages	9415-9422
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Polyester-grafted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanohybrids selectively produced by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and L,L-lactide (A.-L. Goffin, E. Duquesne, S. Moins, M. Alexandre, Ph. Dubois, Eur. Polym. Journal, 2007, 43, 4103) were studied as masterbatches by melt-blending within their corresponding commercial polymeric matrices, i.e., poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(L,L-lactide) (PLA). For the sake of comparison, neat POSS nanoparticles were also dispersed in PCL and PLA. The objective was to prepare aliphatic polyester-based nanocomposites with enhanced crystallization behavior, and therefore, enhanced thermo-mechanical properties. Wide-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy attested for the dispersion of individualized POSS nanoparticles in the resulting nanocomposite materials only when the polyester-grafted POSS nanohybrid was used as a masterbatch. The large impact of such finely dispersed (grafted) nanoparticles on the crystallization behavior for the corresponding polyester matrices was noticed, as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Indeed, well-dispersed POSS nanoparticles acted as efficient nucleating sites, significantly increasing the crystallinity degree of both PCL and PLA matrices. As a result, a positive impact on thermo-mechanical properties was highlighted by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000283264500017	Publication Date	2010-06-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0959-9428;1364-5501;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	42	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap-6			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:85784			Serial	1284
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	Author	Llobet, E.; Espinosa, E.H.; Sotter, E.; Ionescu, R.; Vilanova, X.; Torres, J.; Felten, A.; Pireaux, J.J.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Renaux, F.; Paint, Y.; Hecq, M.; Bittencourt, C.;
	Title	Carbon nanotube TiO₂ hybrid films for detecting traces of O₂			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Nanotechnology	Abbreviated Journal	Nanotechnology
	Volume	19	Issue	37	Pages	375501-375511
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Hybrid titania films have been prepared using an adapted sol-gel method for obtaining well-dispersed hydrogen plasma-treated multiwall carbon nanotubes in either pure titania or Nb-doped titania. The drop-coating method has been used to fabricate resistive oxygen sensors based on titania or on titania and carbon nanotube hybrids. Morphology and composition studies have revealed that the dispersion of low amounts of carbon nanotubes within the titania matrix does not significantly alter its crystallization behaviour. The gas sensitivity studies performed on the different samples have shown that the hybrid layers based on titania and carbon nanotubes possess an unprecedented responsiveness towards oxygen (i.e. more than four times higher than that shown by optimized Nb-doped TiO(2) films). Furthermore, hybrid sensors containing carbon nanotubes respond at significantly lower operating temperatures than their non-hybrid counterparts. These new hybrid sensors show a strong potential for monitoring traces of oxygen (i.e. <= 10 ppm) in a flow of CO(2), which is of interest for the beverage industry.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000258385600014	Publication Date	2008-08-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0957-4484;1361-6528;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.44	Times cited	48	Open Access
	Notes	Pai			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.44; 2008 IF: 3.446
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:103083			Serial	282
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	Author	Tsoufis, T.; Georgakilas, V.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Rudolf, P.; Gournis, D.
	Title	Incorporation of pure fullerene into organoclays : towards C₆₀-pillared clay structures			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Chemistry: a European journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem-Eur J
	Volume	19	Issue	24	Pages	7937-7943
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In this work, we demonstrate the successful incorporation of pure fullerene from solution into two-dimensional layered aluminosilicate minerals. Pure fullerenes are insoluble in water and neutral in terms of charge, hence they cannot be introduced into the clay galleries by ion exchange or intercalation from water solution. To overcome this bottleneck, we organically modified the clay with quaternary amines by using well-established reactions in clay science in order to expand the interlayer space and render the galleries organophilic. During the reaction with the fullerene solution, the organic solvent could enter into the clay galleries, thus transferring along the fullerene molecules. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the surfactant molecules, can be selectively removed by either simple ion-exchange reaction (e.g., interaction with Al(NO3)3 solution to replace the surfactant molecules with Al3+ ions) or thermal treatment (heating at 350 °C) to obtain novel fullerene-pillared clay structures exhibiting enhanced surface area. The synthesized hybrid materials were characterized in detail by a combination of experimental techniques including powder X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoemission, and UV/Vis spectroscopy as well as thermal analysis and nitrogen adsorptiondesorption measurements. The reported fullerene-pillared clay structures constitute a new hybrid system with very promising potential for the use in areas such as gas storage and/or gas separation due to their high surface area.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000319825500035	Publication Date	2013-04-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0947-6539;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.317	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	262348 Esmi; 246791 Countatoms			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.317; 2013 IF: 5.696
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:107347			Serial	1599
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	Author	Song, H.-D.; Wu, Y.-F.; Yang, X.; Ren, Z.; Ke, X.; Kurttepeli, M.; Tendeloo, G.V.; Liu, D.; Wu, H.-C.; Yan, B.; Wu, X.; Duan, C.-G.; Han, G.; Liao, Z.-M.; Yu, D.
	Title	Asymmetric Modulation on Exchange Field in a Graphene/BiFeO₃Heterostructure by External Magnetic Field			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Nano letters	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett
	Volume	18	Issue	4	Pages	2435-2441
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Graphene, having all atoms on its surface, is favorable to extend the functions by introducing the spin–orbit coupling and magnetism through proximity effect. Here, we report the tunable interfacial exchange field produced by proximity coupling in graphene/BiFeO3 heterostructures. The exchange field has a notable dependence with external magnetic field, and it is much larger under negative magnetic field than that under positive magnetic field. For negative external magnetic field, interfacial exchange coupling gives rise to evident spin splitting for N ≠ 0 Landau levels and a quantum Hall metal state for N = 0 Landau level. Our findings suggest graphene/BiFeO3 heterostructures are promising for spintronics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000430155900034	Publication Date	2018-04-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1530-6984	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.712	Times cited	9	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2016YFA0300802) and NSFC (Nos. 11774004 and 11604004). Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, 2016YFA0300802 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China, 11604004 11774004 ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.712
	Call Number	EMAT @ lucian @c:irua:150794			Serial	4923
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	Author	Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Cott, D.; Hantschel, T.; Bender, H.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Three-dimensional analysis of carbon nanotube networks in interconnects by electron tomography without missing wedge artifacts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	16	Issue	2	Pages	210-217
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The three-dimensional (3D) distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown inside semiconductor contact holes is studied by electron tomography. The use of a specialized tomography holder results in an angular tilt range of ±90°, which means that the so-called missing wedge is absent. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample for this purpose consists of a micropillar that is prepared by a dedicated procedure using the focused ion beam (FIB) but keeping the CNTs intact. The 3D results are combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to study the relation between the CNTs and the catalyst particles used during their growth. The reconstruction, based on the full range of tilt angles, is compared with a reconstruction where a missing wedge is present. This clearly illustates that the missing wedge will lead to an unreliable interpretation and will limit quantitative studies
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000276137200011	Publication Date	2010-02-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited	42	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo; Iap-Vi			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2010 IF: 3.259
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82279			Serial	3642
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	Author	Yan, Y.; Liao, Z.M.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Wang, Q.; Sun, D.; Yao, W.; Zhou, S.; Zhang, L.; Wu, H.C.; Yu, D.P.;
	Title	Topological surface state enhanced photothermoelectric effect in Bi₂Se₃ nanoribbons			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Nano letters	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett
	Volume	14	Issue	8	Pages	4389-4394
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The photothermoelectric effect in topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanoribbons is studied. The topological surface states are excited to be spin-polarized by circularly polarized light. Because the direction of the electron spin is locked to its momentum for the spin-helical surface states, the photothermoelectric effect is significantly enhanced as the oriented motions of the polarized spins are accelerated by the temperature gradient. The results are explained based on the microscopic mechanisms of a photon induced spin transition from the surface Dirac cone to the bulk conduction band. The as-reported enhanced photothermoelectric effect is expected to have potential applications in a spin-polarized power source.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington	Editor
	Language		Wos	000340446200028	Publication Date	2014-07-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1530-6984;1530-6992;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.712	Times cited	51	Open Access
	Notes	European Research Council under the Seventh Framework Program (FP7); ERC Advanced Grant No. 246791-COUNTATOMS.			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.712; 2014 IF: 13.592
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:118128			Serial	3678
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	Author	Li, H.; Zhang, L.; Li, L.; Wu, C.; Huo, Y.; Chen, Y.; Liu, X.; Ke, X.; Luo, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Two-in-one solution using insect wings to produce graphene-graphite films for efficient electrocatalysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Nano Research	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Res
	Volume	12	Issue	1	Pages	33-39
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Natural organisms contain rich elements and naturally optimized smart structures, both of which have inspired various innovative concepts and designs in human society. In particular, several natural organisms have been used as element sources to synthesize low-cost and environmentally friendly electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells and metal-air batteries, which are clean energy devices. However, to date, no naturally optimized smart structures have been employed in the synthesis of ORR catalysts, including graphene-based materials. Here, we demonstrate a novel strategy to synthesize graphene-graphite films (GGFs) by heating butterfly wings coated with FeCl3 in N-2, in which the full power of natural organisms is utilized. The wings work not only as an element source for GGF generation but also as a porous supporting structure for effective nitrogen doping, two-dimensional spreading, and double-face exposure of the GGFs. These GGFs exhibit a half-wave potential of 0.942 V and a H2O2 yield of < 0.07% for ORR electrocatalysis; these values are comparable to those for the best commercial Pt/C and all previously reported ORR catalysts in alkaline media. This two-in-one strategy is also successful with cicada and dragonfly wings, indicating that it is a universal, green, and cost-effective method for developing high-performance graphene-based materials.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000453629900004	Publication Date	2018-08-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1998-0124	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.354	Times cited	7	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; The authors would like to thank Drs Qiang Wang and Wenjuan Yuan for useful discussions. This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (No. 2017YFA0700104), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21601136 and 11404016), the National Program for Thousand Young Talents of China, Tianjin Municipal Education Commission, Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission (No. 15JCYBJC52600), and the Fundamental Research Fund of Tianjin University of Technology. This work also made use of the resources of the National Center for Electron Microscopy in Beijing. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.354
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:156210			Serial	5265
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	Author	Felten, A.; Suarez-Martinez, I.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ghijsen, J.; Pireaux, J.-J.; Drube, W.; Bittencourt, C.; Ewels, C.P.
	Title	The role of oxygen at the interface between titanium and carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	ChemPhysChem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Chemphyschem
	Volume	10	Issue	11	Pages	1799-1804
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We study the interface between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and surface-deposited titanium using electron microscopy and photoemission spectroscopy, supported by density functional calculations. Charge transfer from the Ti atoms to the nanotube and carbide formation is observed at the interface which indicates strong interaction. Nevertheless, the presence of oxygen between the Ti and the CNTs significantly weakens the Ti-CNT interaction. Ti atoms at the surface will preferentially bond to oxygenated sites. Potential sources of oxygen impurities are examined, namely oxygen from any residual atmosphere and pre-existing oxygen impurities on the nanotube surface, which we enhance through oxygen plasma surface pre-treatment. Variation in literature data concerning Ohmic contacts between Ti and carbon nanotubes is explained via sample pre-treatment and differing vacuum levels, and we suggest improved treatment routes for reliable Schottky barrier-free Ti-nanotube contact formation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000268817800015	Publication Date	2009-05-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1439-4235;1439-7641;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.075	Times cited	38	Open Access
	Notes	Pai			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.075; 2009 IF: 3.453
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:77939			Serial	2918
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	Author	Bittencourt, C.; van Lier, G.; Ke, X.; Suarez-Martinez, I.; Felten, A.; Ghijsen, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ewels, C.O.
	Title	Spectroscopy and defect identification for fluorinated carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	ChemPhysChem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Chemphyschem
	Volume	10	Issue	6	Pages	920-925
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were exposed to a CF4 radio-frequency (rf) plasma. High-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy shows that the treatment effectively grafts fluorine atoms onto the MWCNTs, altering the valence electronic states. Fluorine surface concentration can be tuned by varying the exposure time. Evaporation of gold onto MWCNTs is used to mark active site formation. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy coupled with density functional theory (DFT) modelling is used to characterise the surface defects formed, indicating that the plasma treatment does not etch the tube surface. We suggest that this combination of theory and microscopy of thermally evaporated gold atoms onto the CNT surface may be a powerful approach to characterise both surface defect density as well as defect type.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000265469200011	Publication Date	2009-03-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1439-4235;1439-7641;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.075	Times cited	14	Open Access
	Notes	Iuap; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.075; 2009 IF: 3.453
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:77315			Serial	3073
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	Author	Ke, X.; Turner, S.; Quintana, M.; Hadad, C.; Montellano-López, A.; Carraro, M.; Sartorel, A.; Bonchio, M.; Prato, M.; Bittencourt, C.; Van Tendeloo, G.;
	Title	Dynamic motion of Ru-polyoxometalate ions (POMs) on functionalized few-layer graphene			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Small	Abbreviated Journal	Small
	Volume	9	Issue	23	Pages	3922-3927
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The interaction and stability of Ru4POM on few layer graphene via functional groups is investigated by time-dependent imaging using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. The Ru4POM demonstrates dynamic motion on the graphene surface with its frequency and amplitude of rotation related to the nature of the functional group used. The stability of the Ru4POMgraphene hybrid corroborates its long-term robustness when applied to multielectronic catalytic processes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000331282400003	Publication Date	2013-07-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1613-6810;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.643	Times cited	16	Open Access
	Notes	IAP-7; Countatoms;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.643; 2013 IF: 7.514
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115768			Serial	763
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	Author	Yan, Y.; Zhou, X.; Jin, H.; Li, C.-Z.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Liu, K.; Yu, D.; Dressel, M.; Liao, Z.-M.
	Title	Surface-Facet-Dependent Phonon Deformation Potential in Individual Strained Topological Insulator Bi2Se3 Nanoribbons			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	9	Issue	9	Pages	10244-10251
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Strain is an important method to tune the properties of topological insulators. For example, compressive strain can induce superconductivity in Bi2Se3 bulk material. Topological insulator nanostructures are the superior candidates to utilize the unique surface states due to the large surface to volume ratio. Therefore, it is highly desirable to monitor the local strain effects in individual topological insulator nanostructures. Here, we report the systematical micro-Raman spectra of single strained Bi2Se3 nanoribbons with different thicknesses and different surface facets, where four optical modes are resolved in both Stokes and anti-Stokes Raman spectral lines. A striking anisotropy of the strain dependence is observed in the phonon frequency of strained Bi2Se3 nanoribbons grown along the ⟨112̅0⟩ direction. The frequencies of the in-plane Eg2 and out-of-plane A1g1 modes exhibit a nearly linear blue-shift against bending strain when the nanoribbon is bent along the ⟨112̅0⟩ direction with the curved {0001} surface. In this case, the phonon deformation potential of the Eg2 phonon for 100 nm-thick Bi2Se3 nanoribbon is up to 0.94 cm–1/%, which is twice of that in Bi2Se3 bulk material (0.52 cm–1/%). Our results may be valuable for the strain modulation of individual topological insulator nanostructures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Wos	000363915300079	Publication Date	2015-09-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	14	Open Access
	Notes	Y.Y. would like to thank Xuewen Fu for helpful discussions. This work was supported by MOST (Nos. 2013CB934600, 2013CB932602) and NSFC (Nos. 11274014, 11234001).			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2015 IF: 12.881
	Call Number	c:irua:129216			Serial	3963
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	Author	Chen, J.J.; Wang, Q.; Meng, J.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bie, Y.Q.; Liu, J.; Liu, K.; Liao, Z.M.; Sun, D.; Yu, D.;
	Title	Photovoltaic effect and evidence of carrier multiplication in graphene vertical homojunctions with asymmetrical metal contacts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	9	Issue	9	Pages	8851-8858
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Graphene exhibits exciting potentials for high-speed wideband photodetection and high quantum efficiency solar energy harvest because of its broad spectral absorption, fast photoelectric response, and potential carrier multiplication. Although photocurrent can be generated near a metalgraphene interface in lateral devices, the photoactive area is usually limited to a tiny one-dimensional line-like interface region. Here, we report photoelectric devices based on vertical graphene two-dimensional homojunction, which is fabricated via vertically stacking four graphene monolayers with asymmetric metal contacts. The devices show excellent photovoltaic output with excitation wavelength ranging from visible light to mid-infrared. The wavelength dependence of the internal quantum efficiency gives direct evidence of the carrier multiplication effect in graphene. The simple fabrication process, easy scale-up, large photoresponsive active area, and broadband response of the vertical graphene device are very promising for practical applications in optoelectronics and photovoltaics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000361935800023	Publication Date	2015-08-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	11	Open Access
	Notes	246791 Countatoms			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2015 IF: 12.881
	Call Number	c:irua:127689			Serial	2615
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	Author	Ying, J.; Yang, X.-Y.; Hu, Z.-Y.; Mu, S.-C.; Janiak, C.; Geng, W.; Pan, M.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Su, B.-L.
	Title	One particle@one cell : highly monodispersed PtPd bimetallic nanoparticles for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Nano energy	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Energy
	Volume	8	Issue		Pages	214-222
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Highly monodispersed platinum-based nanoalloys are the best-known catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Although certainly promising, the durability and stability are among the main requirements for commercializing fuel cell electrocatalysts in practical applications. Herein, we synthesize highly stable, durable and catalytic active monodispersed PtPd nano-particles encapsulated in a unique one particle@one cell structure by adjusting the viscosity of solvents using mesocellular foam. PtPd nanoparticles in mesocellular carbon foam exhibit an excellent electrocatalytic activity (over 4 times mass and specific activities than the commercial Pt/C catalyst). Most importantly, this nanocatalyst shows no obvious change of structure and only a 29.5% loss in electrochemically active surface area after 5000 potential sweeps between 0.6 and 1.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode cycles. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000340981700026	Publication Date	2014-06-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2211-2855;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.343	Times cited	40	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 12.343; 2014 IF: 10.325
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:119255			Serial	2465
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	Author	Gengler, R.Y.N.; Toma, L.M.; Pardo, E.; Lloret, F.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Gournis, D.; Rudolf, P.
	Title	Prussian blue analogues of reduced dimensionality			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Small	Abbreviated Journal	Small
	Volume	8	Issue	16	Pages	2532-2540
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Mixed-valence polycyanides (Prussian Blue analogues) possess a rich palette of properties spanning from room-temperature ferromagnetism to zero thermal expansion, which can be tuned by chemical modifications or the application of external stimuli (temperature, pressure, light irradiation). While molecule-based materials can combine physical and chemical properties associated with molecular-scale building blocks, their successful integration into real devices depends primarily on higher-order properties such as crystal size, shape, morphology, and organization. Herein a study of a new reduced-dimensionality system based on Prussian Blue analogues (PBAs) is presented. The system is built up by means of a modified Langmuir-Blodgett technique, where the PBA is synthesized from precursors in a self-limited reaction on a clay mineral surface. The focus of this work is understanding the magnetic properties of the PBAs in different periodic, low-dimensional arrangements, and the influence of the “on surface” synthesis on the final properties and dimensionality of the system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000307390300012	Publication Date	2012-07-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1613-6810;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.643	Times cited	17	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 8.643; 2012 IF: 7.823
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101104			Serial	2736
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	Author	Li, J.; Pereira, P.J.; Yuan, J.; Lv, Y.-Y.; Jiang, M.-P.; Lu, D.; Lin, Z.-Q.; Liu, Y.-J.; Wang, J.-F.; Li, L.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Li, M.-Y.; Feng, H.-L.; Hatano, T.; Wang, H.-B.; Wu, P.-H.; Yamaura, K.; Takayama-Muromachi, E.; Vanacken, J.; Chibotaru, L.F.; Moshchalkov, V.V.
	Title	Nematic superconducting state in iron pnictide superconductors			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Nature communications	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Commun
	Volume	8	Issue	1	Pages	1880
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Nematic order often breaks the tetragonal symmetry of iron-based superconductors. It arises from regular structural transition or electronic instability in the normal phase. Here, we report the observation of a nematic superconducting state, by measuring the angular dependence of the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetoresistivity of Ba 0.5 K 0.5 Fe 2 As 2 single crystals. We find large twofold oscillations in the vicinity of the superconducting transition, when the direction of applied magnetic field is rotated within the basal plane. To avoid the influences from sample geometry or current flow direction, the sample was designed as Corbino-shape for in-plane and mesa-shape for out-of-plane measurements. Theoretical analysis shows that the nematic superconductivity arises from the weak mixture of the quasi-degenerate s-wave and d-wave components of the superconducting condensate, most probably induced by a weak anisotropy of stresses inherent to single crystals.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000416933400002	Publication Date	2017-11-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2041-1723	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.124	Times cited	8	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors J.L., P.J.P., and J.Y. contributed equally to this work. J.L. and J.Y. designed the experiments. J.L., H.-L.F., K.Y., and E.T.-M. grew the single crystals. J.L., J.Y., Y.-Y.L., M.-P.J., D.L., M.-Y.L., T.H., H.-B.W., P.-H.W., K.Y., E.T.-M., J.V., and V.V.M. fabricated the devices and measured transport properties. J.L., Y.-Y.L., Z.-Q.L., Y.-J.L., J.-F.W., and L.L. studied on the pulsed high field measurements. X.K. and G.V.T. measured the low temperature TEM. All authors discussed the data. J.L., P.J.P., and L.F.C. proposed the model and simulated the results. J.L., P.J.P., K.Y., E.T.-M., and L.F.C. analyzed the data and prepared the manuscript.			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.124
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:147348			Serial	4772
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	Author	Quintana, M.; López, A.M.; Rapino, S.; Toma, F.M.; Iurlo, M.; Carraro, M.; Sartorel, A.; Maccato, C.; Ke, X.; Bittencourt, C.; Da Ros, T.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Marcaccio, M.; Paolucci, F.; Prato, M.; Bonchio, M.;
	Title	Knitting the catalytic pattern of artificial photosynthesis to a hybrid graphene nanotexture			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	7	Issue	1	Pages	811-817
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The artificial leaf project calls for new materials enabling multielectron catalysis with minimal overpotential, high turnover frequency, and long-term stability. Is graphene a better material than carbon nanotubes to enhance water oxidation catalysis for energy applications? Here we show that functionalized graphene with a tailored distribution of polycationic, quaternized, ammonium pendants provides an sp(2) carbon nanoplatform to anchor a totally inorganic tetraruthenate catalyst, mimicking the oxygen evolving center of natural PSII. The resulting hybrid material displays oxygen evolution at overpotential as low as 300 mV at neutral pH with negligible loss of performance after 4 h testing. This multilayer electroactive asset enhances the turnover frequency by 1 order of magnitude with respect to the isolated catalyst, and provides a definite up-grade of the carbon nanotube material, with a similar surface functionalization. Our innovation is based on a noninvasive, synthetic protocol for graphene functionalization that goes beyond the ill-defined oxidation-reduction methods, allowing a definite control of the surface properties.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000314082800088	Publication Date	2012-12-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	69	Open Access
	Notes	246791 COUNTATOMS; 262348 ESMI; ESF Cost Action NanoTP MP0901			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2013 IF: 12.033
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:107707			Serial	1766
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	Author	Chen, J.-J.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Meng, J.; Zhou, Y.-B.; Liao, Z.-M.; Yu, D.-P.
	Title	Magnetotransport across the metal-graphene hybrid interface and its modulation by gate voltage			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	7	Issue	7	Pages	5516-5524
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The graphene-metal contact is very important for optimizing the performance of graphene based electronic devices. However, it is difficult to probe the properties of the graphene/metal interface directly via transport measurements in traditional graphene lateral devices, because the dominated transport channel is graphene, not the interface. Here, we employ the Au/graphene/Au vertical and lateral hybrid structure to unveil the metal-graphene interface properties, where the transport is dominated by the charge carriers across the interface. The magnetoresistance (MR) of Au/monolayer graphene/Au and Au/stacked two-layered graphene/Au devices is measured and modulated by gate voltage, demonstrating that the interface is a device. The gate-tunable MR is identified from the graphene lying on the SiO2 substrate and underneath the top metal electrode. Our unique structures couple the in-plane and out-of-plane transport and display linear MR with small amplitude oscillations at low temperatures. Under a magnetic field, the electronic coupling between the graphene edge states and the electrode leads to the appearance of quantum oscillations. Our results not only provide a new pathway to explore the intrinsic transport mechanism at the graphene/metal interface but also open up new vistas of magnetoelectronics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000351372400050	Publication Date	2015-02-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364;2040-3372;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	246791 Countatoms			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367; 2015 IF: 7.394
	Call Number	c:irua:125533			Serial	1931
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	Author	Groeneveld, E.; Witteman, L.; Lefferts, M.; Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; de Mello Donega, C.
	Title	Tailoring ZnSe-CdSe colloidal quantum dots via cation exchange : from core/shell to alloy nanocrystals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	7	Issue	9	Pages	7913-7930
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We report a study of Zn2+ by Cd2+ cation exchange (CE) in colloidal ZnSe nanocrystals (NCs). Our results reveal that CE in ZnSe NCs is a thermally activated isotropic process. The CE efficiency (i.e., fraction of Cd2+ ions originally in solution, Cdsol, that is incorporated in the ZnSe NC) increases with temperature and depends also on the Cdsol/ZnSe ratio. Interestingly, the reaction temperature can be used as a sensitive parameter to tailor both the composition and the elemental distribution profile of the product (Zn,Cd)Se NCs. At 150 °C ZnSe/CdSe core/shell hetero-NCs (HNCs) are obtained, while higher temperatures (200 and 220 °C) produce (Zn1xCdx)Se gradient alloy NCs, with increasingly smoother gradients as the temperature increases, until homogeneous alloy NCs are obtained at T ≥ 240 °C. Remarkably, sequential heating (150 °C followed by 220 °C) leads to ZnSe/CdSe core/shell HNCs with thicker shells, rather than (Zn1xCdx)Se gradient alloy NCs. Thermal treatment at 250 °C converts the ZnSe/CdSe core/shell HNCs into (Zn1xCdx)Se homogeneous alloy NCs, while preserving the NC shape. A mechanism for the cation exchange in ZnSe NCs is proposed, in which fast CE takes place at the NC surface, and is followed by relatively slower thermally activated solid-state cation diffusion, which is mediated by Frenkel defects. The findings presented here demonstrate that cation exchange in colloidal ZnSe NCs provides a very sensitive tool to tailor the nature and localization regime of the electron and hole wave functions and the optoelectronic properties of colloidal ZnSeCdSe NCs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000330016900051	Publication Date	2013-08-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	153	Open Access
	Notes	262348 Esmi; 246791 Countatoms			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2013 IF: 12.033
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:110038			Serial	3469
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	Author	Wang, C.; Ke, X.; Wang, J.; Liang, R.; Luo, Z.; Tian, Y.; Yi, D.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, J.; Han, X.-F.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Chen, L.-Q.; Nan, C.-W.; Ramesh, R.; Zhang, J.
	Title	Ferroelastic switching in a layered-perovskite thin film			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Nature communications	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Commun
	Volume	7	Issue	7	Pages	10636
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A controllable ferroelastic switching in ferroelectric/multiferroic oxides is highly desirable due to the non-volatile strain and possible coupling between lattice and other order parameter in heterostructures. However, a substrate clamping usually inhibits their elastic deformation in thin films without micro/nano-patterned structure so that the integration of the non-volatile strain with thin film devices is challenging. Here, we report that reversible in-plane elastic switching with a non-volatile strain of approximately 0.4% can be achieved in layered-perovskite Bi2WO6 thin films, where the ferroelectric polarization rotates by 90 degrees within four in-plane preferred orientations. Phase-field simulation indicates that the energy barrier of ferroelastic switching in orthorhombic Bi2WO6 film is ten times lower than the one in PbTiO3 films, revealing the origin of the switching with negligible substrate constraint. The reversible control of the in-plane strain in this layered-perovskite thin film demonstrates a new pathway to integrate mechanical deformation with nanoscale electronic and/or magnetoelectronic applications.
	Address	Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Wos	000371020600002	Publication Date	2016-02-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2041-1723	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.124	Times cited	40	Open Access
	Notes	The work in Beijing Normal University is supported by the NSFC under contract numbers 51322207, 51332001 and 11274045. J.Z. also acknowledges the support from National Basic Research Program of China, under contract No. 2014CB920902. G.V.T. acknowledges the funding from the European Research Council under the Seventh Framework Program (FP7), ERC Advanced Grant No. 246791-COUNTATOMS. X.K. acknowledges the funding from NSFC (Grant No.11404016) and Beijing University of Technology (2015-RD-QB-19). J.W. acknowledges the funding from NSFC (Grant number 51472140). L.-Q.C. acknowledges the supporting by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award FG02-07ER46417. R.L. acknowledges Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList) Cross-discipline Foundation. Z.L. acknowledges the support from the NSFC (No.11374010 and No.11434009). Q.Z. and X.-F.H. acknowledge the funding support from NSFC (Grant No. 11434014). R.R. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications of Nanoscale Multiferroic Systems) under grant number EEC-1160504.			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.124
	Call Number	c:irua:130978			Serial	4007
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	Author	Zhong, R.; Peng, L.; de Clippel, F.; Gommes, C.; Goderis, B.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Jacobs, P.A.; Sels, B.F.
	Title	An eco-friendly soft template synthesis of mesostructured silica-carbon nanocomposites for acid catalysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	ChemCatChem	Abbreviated Journal	Chemcatchem
	Volume	7	Issue	7	Pages	3047-3058
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The synthesis of ordered mesoporous silica-carbon composites was explored by employing TEOS and sucrose as the silica and carbon precursor respectively, and the triblock copolymer F127 as a structure-directing agent via an evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process. It is demonstrated that the synthesis procedures allow for control of the textural properties and final composition of these silica-carbon nanocomposites via adjustment of the effective SiO2/C weight ratio. Characterization by SAXS, N-2 physisorption, HRTEM, TGA, and C-13 and Si-29 solid-state MAS NMR show a 2D hexagonal mesostructure with uniform large pore size ranging from 5.2 to 7.6nm, comprising of separate carbon phases in a continuous silica phase. Ordered mesoporous silica and non-ordered porous carbon can be obtained by combustion of the pyrolyzed nanocomposites in air or etching with HF solution, respectively. Sulfonic acid groups can be readily introduced to such kind of silica-carbon nanocomposites by a standard sulfonation procedure with concentrated sulfuric acid. Excellent acid-catalytic activities and selectivities for the dimerization of styrene to produce 1,3-diphenyl-1-butene and dimerization of -methylstyrene to unsaturated dimers were demonstrated with the sulfonated materials.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000361189400037	Publication Date	2015-09-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1867-3880; 1867-3899	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.803	Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.803; 2015 IF: 4.556
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:127836			Serial	4138
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	Author	Bertoni, G.; Grillo, V.; Brescia, R.; Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Catellani, A.; Li, H.; Manna, L.
	Title	Direct determination of polarity, faceting, and core location in colloidal core/shell wurtzite semiconductor nanocrystals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	6	Issue	7	Pages	6453-6461
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The ability to determine the atomic arrangement and termination of various facets of surfactant-coated nanocrystals is of great importance for understanding their growth mechanism and their surface properties and represents a critical piece of information that can be coupled to other experimental techniques and to calculations. This is especially appealing in the study of nanocrystals that can be grown in strongly anisotropic shapes, for which the relative growth rates of various facets can be influenced under varying reaction conditions. Here we show that in two representative cases of rod-shaped nanocrystals in the wurtzite phase (CdSe(core)/CdS(shell) and ZnSe(core)/ZnS(shell) nanorods) the terminations of the polar facets can be resolved unambiguously by combining advanced electron microscopy techniques, such as aberration-corrected HRTEM with exit wave reconstruction or aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM. The [0001] and [000-1] polar directions of these rods, which grow preferentially along their c-axis, are revealed clearly, with one side consisting of the Cd (or Zn)-terminated (0001) facet and the other side with a pronounced faceting due to Cd (or Zn)-terminated {10-1-1} facets. The lateral faceting of the rods is instead dominated by three nonpolar {10-10} facets. The core buried in the nanostructure can be localized in both the exit wave phase and HAADF-STEM images.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000306673800079	Publication Date	2012-06-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	63	Open Access
	Notes	The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under grant number 240111 (NANO-ARCH) and the financial support from the Flemish Hercules 3 Programme for large infrastructures. G.B. and V.G. thank E. Rotunno for his help with STEM_CELL and IWFR.			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2012 IF: 12.062
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101138			Serial	710
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vidick, D.; Ke, X.; Devillers, M.; Poleunis, C.; Delcorte, A.; Moggi, P.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Hermans, S.
	Title	Heterometal nanoparticles from Ru-based molecular clusters covalently anchored onto functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Beilstein journal of nanotechnology	Abbreviated Journal	Beilstein J Nanotech
	Volume	6	Issue	6	Pages	1287-1297
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Heterometal clusters containing Ru and Au, Co and/or Pt are anchored onto carbon nanotubes and nanofibers functionalized with chelating phosphine groups. The cluster anchoring yield is related to the amount of phosphine groups available on the nanocarbon surface. The ligands of the anchored molecular species are then removed by gentle thermal treatment in order to form nanoparticles. In the case of Au-containing clusters, removal of gold atoms from the clusters and agglomeration leads to a bimodal distribution of nanoparticles at the nanocarbon surface. In the case of Ru-Pt species, anchoring occurs without reorganization through a ligand exchange mechanism. After thermal treatment, ultrasmall (1-3 nm) bimetal Ru-Pt nanoparticles are formed on the surface of the nanocarbons. Characterization by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) confirms their bimetal nature on the nanoscale. The obtained bimetal nanoparticles supported on nanocarbon were tested as catalysts in ammonia synthesis and are shown to be active at low temperature and atmospheric pressure with very low Ru loading.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000355908400001	Publication Date	2015-06-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2190-4286;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.127	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	246791 Countatoms; 262348 Esmi			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.127; 2015 IF: 2.670
	Call Number	c:irua:126431			Serial	1420
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	Author	Li, J.; Ji, M.; Schwarz, T.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Yuan, J.; Pereira, P.J.; Huang, Y.; Zhang, G.; Feng, H.L.; Yuan, Y.H.; Hatano, T.; Kleiner, R.; Koelle, D.; Chibotaru, L.F.; Yamaura, K.; Wang, H.B.; Wu, P.H.; Takayama-Muromachi, E.; Vanacken, J.; Moshchalkov, V.V.;
	Title	Local destruction of superconductivity by non-magnetic impurities in mesoscopic iron-based superconductors			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Nature communications	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Commun
	Volume	6	Issue	6	Pages	7614
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The determination of the pairing symmetry is one of the most crucial issues for the iron-based superconductors, for which various scenarios are discussed controversially. Non-magnetic impurity substitution is one of the most promising approaches to address the issue, because the pair-breaking mechanism from the non-magnetic impurities should be different for various models. Previous substitution experiments demonstrated that the non-magnetic zinc can suppress the superconductivity of various iron-based superconductors. Here we demonstrate the local destruction of superconductivity by non-magnetic zinc impurities in Ba0.5K0.5Fe2As2 by exploring phase-slip phenomena in a mesoscopic structure with 119 × 102 nm2 cross-section. The impurities suppress superconductivity in a three-dimensional Swiss cheese-like pattern with in-plane and out-of-plane characteristic lengths slightly below ~1.34 nm. This causes the superconducting order parameter to vary along abundant narrow channels with effective cross-section of a few square nanometres. The local destruction of superconductivity can be related to Cooper pair breaking by non-magnetic impurities.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000358857000007	Publication Date	2015-07-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2041-1723;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.124	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	246791 Countatoms			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.124; 2015 IF: 11.470
	Call Number	c:irua:126677			Serial	1827
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	Author	Guttmann, P.; Bittencourt, C.; Rehbein, S.; Umek, P.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ewels, C.P.; Schneider, G.
	Title	Nanoscale spectroscopy with polarized X-rays by NEXAFS-TXM			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Nature photonics	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Photonics
	Volume	6	Issue	1	Pages	25-29
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Near-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (NEXAFS)1 is an essential analytical tool in material science. Combining NEXAFS with scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) adds spatial resolution and the possibility to study individual nanostructures2, 3. Here, we describe a full-field transmission X-ray microscope (TXM) that generates high-resolution, large-area NEXAFS data with a collection rate two orders of magnitude faster than is possible with STXM. The TXM optical design combines a spectral resolution of E/ΔE = 1 × 104 with a spatial resolution of 25 nm in a field of view of 1520 µm and a data acquisition time of ~1 s. As an example, we present image stacks and polarization-dependent NEXAFS spectra from individual anisotropic sodium and protonated titanate nanoribbons. Our NEXAFS-TXM technique has the advantage that one image stack visualizes a large number of nanostructures and therefore already contains statistical information. This new high-resolution NEXAFS-TXM technique opens the way to advanced nanoscale science studies.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000298416200011	Publication Date	2011-11-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1749-4885;1749-4893;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	37.852	Times cited	76	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 37.852; 2012 IF: 27.254
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:94198			Serial	2272
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	Author	Ke, X.; Bittencourt, C.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-based nanomaterials			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Beilstein journal of nanotechnology	Abbreviated Journal	Beilstein J Nanotech
	Volume	6	Issue	6	Pages	1541-1557
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A major revolution for electron microscopy in the past decade is the introduction of aberration correction, which enables one to increase both the spatial resolution and the energy resolution to the optical limit. Aberration correction has contributed significantly to the imaging at low operating voltages. This is crucial for carbon-based nanomaterials which are sensitive to electron irradiation. The research of carbon nanomaterials and nanohybrids, in particular the fundamental understanding of defects and interfaces, can now be carried out in unprecedented detail by aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM). This review discusses new possibilities and limits of AC-TEM at low voltage, including the structural imaging at atomic resolution, in three dimensions and spectroscopic investigation of chemistry and bonding. In situ TEM of carbon-based nanomaterials is discussed and illustrated through recent reports with particular emphasis on the underlying physics of interactions between electrons and carbon atoms.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000357977300001	Publication Date	2015-07-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2190-4286;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.127	Times cited	10	Open Access
	Notes	246791 Countatoms			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.127; 2015 IF: 2.670
	Call Number	c:irua:126857			Serial	2682
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	Author	Yan, Y.; Wang, L.-X.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Wu, X.-S.; Yu, D.-P.; Liao, Z.-M.
	Title	High-mobility Bi₂Se₃ nanoplates manifesting quantum oscillations of surface states in the sidewalls			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Scientific reports	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Rep-Uk
	Volume	4	Issue		Pages	3817-7
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Magnetotransport measurements of topological insulators are very important to reveal the exotic topological surface states for spintronic applications. However, the novel properties related to the surface Dirac fermions are usually accompanied by a large linear magnetoresistance under perpendicular magnetic field, which makes the identification of the surface states obscure. Here, we report prominent Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations under an in-plane magnetic field, which are identified to originate from the surface states in the sidewalls of topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanoplates. Importantly, the SdH oscillations appear with a dramatically weakened magnetoresistance background, offering an easy path to probe the surface states directly when the coexistence of surface states and bulk conduction is inevitable. Moreover, under a perpendicular magnetic field, the oscillations in Hall conductivity have peak-to-valley amplitudes of 2 e(2)/h, giving confidence to achieve a quantum Hall effect in this system. A cross-section view of the nanoplate shows that the sidewall is (015) facet dominant and therefore forms a 586 angle with regard to the top/ bottom surface instead of being perpendicular; this gives credit to the surface states' behavior as two-dimensional transport.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Nature Publishing Group	Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000330044700008	Publication Date	2014-01-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2045-2322;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.259	Times cited	31	Open Access
	Notes	ERC grant Nu246791 – COUNTATOMS			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.259; 2014 IF: 5.578
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:114815			Serial	1436
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