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	Author	Martens, J.A.; Bogaerts, A.; De Kimpe, N.; Jacobs, P.A.; Marin, G.B.; Rabaey, K.; Saeys, M.; Verhelst, S.
	Title	The Chemical Route to a Carbon Dioxide Neutral World			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Chemsuschem	Abbreviated Journal	Chemsuschem
	Volume	10	Issue	10	Pages	1039-1055
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Excessive CO2 emissions in the atmosphere from anthropogenic activity can be divided into point sources and diffuse sources. The capture of CO2 from flue gases of large industrial installations and its conversion into fuels and chemicals with fast catalytic processes seems technically possible. Some emerging technologies are already being demonstrated on an industrial scale. Others are still being tested on a laboratory or pilot scale. These emerging chemical technologies can be implemented in a time window ranging from 5 to 20 years. The massive amounts of energy needed for capturing processes and the conversion of CO2 should come from low-carbon energy sources, such as tidal, geothermal, and nuclear energy, but also, mainly, from the sun. Synthetic methane gas that can be formed from CO2 and hydrogen gas is an attractive renewable energy carrier with an existing distribution system. Methanol offers advantages as a liquid fuel and is also a building block for the chemical industry. CO2 emissions from diffuse sources is a difficult problem to solve, particularly for CO2 emissions from road, water, and air transport, but steady progress in the development of technology for capturing CO2 from air is being made. It is impossible to ban carbon from the entire energy supply of mankind with the current technological knowledge, but a transition to a mixed carbon–hydrogen economy can reduce net CO2 emissions and ultimately lead to a CO2-neutral world.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000398182800002	Publication Date	2017-02-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1864-5631	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.226	Times cited	75	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This paper is written by members of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts (KVAB) and external experts. KVAB is acknowledged for supporting the writing and publishing of this viewpoint. Valuable suggestions made by colleagues Jan Kretzschmar, Stan Ulens, and Luc Sterckx are highly appreciated. Special thanks go to Mr. Bert Seghers and Mrs. N. Boelens of KVAB for practical assistance. Mr. Tim Lacoere is acknowledged for graphic design and layout of the figures, and Steven Heylen and Elke Verheyen are acknowledged for data collection and editorial assistance.			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.226
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:141916			Serial	4532
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Wang, W.; Patil, B.; Heijkers, S.; Hessel, V.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Nitrogen Fixation by Gliding Arc Plasma: Better Insight by Chemical Kinetics Modelling			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2017	Publication	Chemsuschem	Abbreviated Journal	Chemsuschem
	Volume	10	Issue	10	Pages	2110-2110
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into valuable compounds, that is, so-called nitrogen fixation, is gaining increased interest, owing to the essential role in the nitrogen cycle of the biosphere. Plasma technology, and more specifically gliding arc plasma, has great potential in this area, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we developed a detailed chemical kinetics model for a pulsed-power gliding-arc reactor operating at atmospheric pressure for nitrogen oxide synthesis. Experiments are performed to validate the model and reasonable agreement is reached between the calculated and measured NO and NO2 yields and the corresponding energy efficiency for NOx formation for different N2/O2 ratios, indicating that the model can provide a realistic picture of the plasma chemistry. Therefore, we can use the model to investigate the reaction pathways for the formation and loss of NOx. The results indicate that vibrational excitation of N2 in the gliding arc contributes significantly to activating the N2 molecules, and leads to an energy efficient way of NOx production, compared to the thermal process. Based on the underlying chemistry, the model allows us to propose solutions on how to further improve the NOx formation by gliding arc technology. Although the energy efficiency of the gliding-arc-based nitrogen fixation process at the present stage is not comparable to the world-scale Haber–Bosch process, we believe our study helps us to come up with more realistic scenarios of entering a cutting-edge innovation in new business cases for the decentralised production of fertilisers for agriculture, in which lowtemperature plasma technology might play an important role.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2017-05-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1864-5631	ISBN		Additional Links
	Impact Factor	7.226	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	This research was supported by the European Marie Skłodowska- Curie Individual Fellowship “GlidArc” within Horizon 2020 (Grant No.657304), by the FWO project (grant G.0383.16 N) and by the EU project MAPSYN: Microwave, Acoustic and Plasma assisted SYNthesis, under the grant agreement no. CP-IP 309376 of the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program. The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen.			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.226
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @			Serial	4573
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ramakers, M.; Trenchev, G.; Heijkers, S.; Wang, W.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Gliding Arc Plasmatron: Providing an Alternative Method for Carbon Dioxide Conversion			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Chemsuschem	Abbreviated Journal	Chemsuschem
	Volume	10	Issue	10	Pages	2642-2652
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Low-temperature plasmas are gaining a lot of interest for environmental and energy applications. A large research field in these applications is the conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuels. Since CO2 is a very stable molecule, a key performance indicator for the research on plasma-based CO2 conversion is the energy efficiency. Until now, the energy efficiency in atmospheric plasma reactors is quite low, and therefore we employ here a novel type of plasma reactor, the gliding arc plasmatron (GAP). This paper provides a detailed experimental and computational study of the CO2 conversion, as well as the energy cost and efficiency in a GAP. A comparison with thermal conversion, other plasma types and other novel CO2 conversion technologies is made to find out whether this novel plasma reactor can provide a significant contribution to the much-needed efficient conversion of CO2. From these comparisons it becomes evident that our results are less than a factor of two away from being cost competitive and already outperform several other new technologies. Furthermore, we indicate how the performance of the GAP can still be improved by further exploiting its non-equilibrium character. Hence, it is clear that the GAP is very promising for CO2 conversion.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000403934400014	Publication Date	2017-05-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1864-5631	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.226	Times cited	42	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G.0383.16N 11U5316N ; Horizon 2020, 657304 ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.226
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:144184			Serial	4616
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Wang, W.; Patil, B.; Heijkers, S.; Hessel, V.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Nitrogen fixation by gliding arc plasma : better insight by chemical kinetics modelling			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Chemsuschem	Abbreviated Journal	Chemsuschem
	Volume	10	Issue	10	Pages	2145-2157
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into valuable compounds, that is, so-called nitrogen fixation, is gaining increased interest, owing to the essential role in the nitrogen cycle of the biosphere. Plasma technology, and more specifically gliding arc plasma, has great potential in this area, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we developed a detailed chemical kinetics model for a pulsed-power gliding-arc reactor operating at atmospheric pressure for nitrogen oxide synthesis. Experiments are performed to validate the model and reasonable agreement is reached between the calculated and measured NO and NO2 yields and the corresponding energy efficiency for NOx formation for different N2/O2 ratios, indicating that the model can provide a realistic picture of the plasma chemistry. Therefore, we can use the model to investigate the reaction pathways for the formation and loss of NOx. The results indicate that vibrational excitation of N2 in the gliding arc contributes significantly to activating the N2 molecules, and leads to an energy efficient way of NOx production, compared to the thermal process. Based on the underlying chemistry, the model allows us to propose solutions on how to further improve the NOx formation by gliding arc technology. Although the energy efficiency of the gliding-arc-based nitrogen fixation process at the present stage is not comparable to the world-scale HaberBosch process, we believe our study helps us to come up with more realistic scenarios of entering a cutting-edge innovation in new business cases for the decentralised production of fertilisers for agriculture, in which low-temperature plasma technology might play an important role.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000402122100006	Publication Date	2017-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1864-5631	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.226	Times cited	42	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 7.226
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:143261			Serial	4672
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	Author	Cleiren, E.; Heijkers, S.; Ramakers, M.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Dry Reforming of Methane in a Gliding Arc Plasmatron: Towards a Better Understanding of the Plasma Chemistry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Chemsuschem	Abbreviated Journal	Chemsuschem
	Volume	10	Issue	20	Pages	4025-4036
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Dry reforming of methane (DRM) in a gliding arc plasmatron is studied for different CH4 fractions in the mixture. The CO2 and CH4 conversions reach their highest values of approximately 18 and 10%, respectively, at 25% CH4 in the gas mixture, corresponding to an overall energy cost of 10 kJ L@1 (or 2.5 eV per molecule) and an energy efficiency of 66%. CO and H2 are the major products, with the formation of smaller fractions of C2Hx (x=2, 4, or 6) compounds and H2O. A chemical kinetics model is used to investigate the underlying chemical processes. The calculated CO2 and CH4 conversion and the energy efficiency are in good agreement with the experimental data. The model calculations reveal that the reaction of CO2 (mainly at vibrationally excited levels) with H radicals is mainly responsible for the CO2 conversion, especially at higher CH4 fractions in the mixture, which explains why the CO2 conversion increases with increasing CH4 fraction. The main process responsible for CH4 conversion is the reaction with OH radicals. The excellent energy efficiency can be explained by the non-equilibrium character of the plasma, in which the electrons mainly activate the gas molecules, and by the important role of the vibrational kinetics of CO2. The results demonstrate that a gliding arc plasmatron is very promising for DRM.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000413565100012	Publication Date	2017-10-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1864-5631	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.226	Times cited	23	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G.0383.16N ; Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid;			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.226
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:146665			Serial	4759
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	Author	Privat-Maldonado, A.; Gorbanev, Y.; Dewilde, S.; Smits, E.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Reduction of Human Glioblastoma Spheroids Using Cold Atmospheric Plasma: The Combined Effect of Short- and Long-Lived Reactive Species			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Cancers	Abbreviated Journal	Cancers
	Volume	10	Issue	11	Pages	394
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising technology against multiple types of cancer. However, the current findings on the effect of CAP on two-dimensional glioblastoma cultures do not consider the role of the tumour microenvironment. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of CAP to reduce and control glioblastoma spheroid tumours in vitro . Three-dimensional glioblastoma spheroid tumours (U87-Red, U251-Red) were consecutively treated directly and indirectly with a CAP using dry He, He + 5% H 2 O or He + 20% H 2 O. The cytotoxicity and spheroid shrinkage were monitored using live imaging. The reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were measured by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and colourimetry. Cell migration was also assessed. Our results demonstrate that consecutive CAP treatments (He + 20% H 2 O) substantially shrank U87-Red spheroids and to a lesser degree, U251-Red spheroids. The cytotoxic effect was due to the short- and long-lived species delivered by CAP: they inhibited spheroid growth, reduced cell migration and decreased proliferation in CAP-treated spheroids. Direct treatments were more effective than indirect treatments, suggesting the importance of CAP-generated, short-lived species for the growth inhibition and cell cytotoxicity of solid glioblastoma tumours. We concluded that CAP treatment can effectively reduce glioblastoma tumour size and restrict cell migration, thus demonstrating the potential of CAP therapies for glioblastoma.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000451307700001	Publication Date	2018-10-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2072-6694	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors thank Paul Cos (Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp) for providing EPR equipment and Christophe Hermans for his help with the immunohistochemical experiments.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:154871			Serial	5065
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	Author	Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	The Potential Use of Core-Shell Structured Spheres in a Packed-Bed DBD Plasma Reactor for CO2 Conversion			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Catalysts	Abbreviated Journal	Catalysts
	Volume	10	Issue	5	Pages	530
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	This work proposes to use core-shell structured spheres to evaluate whether it allows to individually optimize bulk and surface effects of a packing material, in order to optimize conversion and energy efficiency. Different core-shell materials have been prepared by spray coating, using dense spheres (as core) and powders (as shell) of SiO2, Al2O3, and BaTiO3. The materials are investigated for their performance in CO2 dissociation and compared against a benchmark consisting of a packed-bed reactor with the pure dense spheres, as well as an empty reactor. The results in terms of CO2 conversion and energy efficiency show various interactions between the core and shell material, depending on their combination. Al2O3 was found as the best core material under the applied conditions here, followed by BaTiO3 and SiO2, in agreement with their behaviour for the pure spheres. Applying a thin shell layer on the cores showed equal performance between the different shell materials. Increasing the layer thickness shifts this behaviour, and strong combination effects were observed depending on the specific material. Therefore, this method of core-shell spheres has the potential to allow tuning of the packing properties more closely to the application by designing an optimal combination of core and shell.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000546007000092	Publication Date	2020-05-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2073-4344	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.9	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	Interreg, Project EnOp ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G.0254.14N ; Universiteit Antwerpen, Project SynCO2Chem ; We want to thank Jasper Lefevre (VITO) for assistance in the development of the coating suspension for the core-shell spheres.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.9; 2020 IF: 3.082
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:169222			Serial	6364
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	Author	Marimuthu, P.; Razzokov, J.; Singaravelu, K.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Predicted Hotspot Residues Involved in Allosteric Signal Transmission in Pro-Apoptotic Peptide—Mcl1 Complexes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Biomolecules	Abbreviated Journal	Biomolecules
	Volume	10	Issue	8	Pages	1114
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Mcl1 is a primary member of the Bcl–2 family—anti–apoptotic proteins (AAP)—that is overexpressed in several cancer pathologies. The apoptotic regulation is mediated through the binding of pro-apoptotic peptides (PAPs) (e.g., Bak and Bid) at the canonical hydrophobic binding groove (CBG) of Mcl1. Although all PAPs form amphipathic α-helices, their amino acid sequences vary to different degree. This sequence variation exhibits a central role in the binding partner selectivity towards different AAPs. Thus, constructing a novel peptide or small organic molecule with the ability to mimic the natural regulatory process of PAP is essential to inhibit various AAPs. Previously reported experimental binding free energies (BFEs) were utilized in the current investigation aimed to understand the mechanistic basis of different PAPs targeted to mMcl1. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations used to estimate BFEs between mMcl1—PAP complexes using Molecular Mechanics-Generalized Born Solvent Accessible (MMGBSA) approach with multiple parameters. Predicted BFE values showed an excellent agreement with the experiment (R2 = 0.92). The van–der Waals (ΔGvdw) and electrostatic (ΔGele) energy terms found to be the main energy components that drive heterodimerization of mMcl1—PAP complexes. Finally, the dynamic network analysis predicted the allosteric signal transmission pathway involves more favorable energy contributing residues. In total, the results obtained from the current investigation may provide valuable insights for the synthesis of a novel peptide or small organic inhibitor targeting Mcl1.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000578895600001	Publication Date	2020-07-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2218-273X	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	P.M. gratefully acknowledges the use of the bioinformatics infrastructure facility supported by Biocenter Finland and the CSC-IT Center for Science (Project: 2000461) for the computational facility; Jukka Lehtonen for the IT support; Mark Johnson (SBL) Åbo Akademi University for providing the lab support and Outi Salo-Ahen (Pharmacy) Åbo Akademi University and Olli T. Pentikäinen (Institute of Biomedicine) University of Turku, for their valuable support and discussion.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:170486			Serial	6396
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	Author	Mehta, P.; Barboun, P.M.; Engelmann, Y.; Go, D.B.; Bogaerts, A.; Schneider, W.F.; Hicks, J.C.
	Title	Plasma-Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis beyond the Equilibrium Limit			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Acs Catalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Catal
	Volume	10	Issue	12	Pages	6726-6734
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	We explore the consequences of nonthermal plasma-activation on product yields in catalytic ammonia synthesis, a reaction that is equilibrium-limited at elevated temperatures. We employ a minimal microkinetic model that incorporates the inﬂuence of plasma-activation on N2 dissociation rates to predict NH3 yields into and across the equilibrium-limited regime. NH3 yields are predicted to exceed bulk thermodynamic equilibrium limits on materials that are thermal-rate-limited by N2 dissociation. In all cases, yields revert to bulk equilibrium at temperatures at which thermal reaction rates exceed plasma-activated ones. Beyond-equilibrium NH3 yields are observed in a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor and exhibit sensitivity to catalytic material choice in a way consistent with model predictions. The approach and results highlight the opportunity to exploit synergies between nonthermal plasmas and catalysts to aﬀect transformations at conditions inaccessible through thermal routes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000543663800015	Publication Date	2020-06-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2155-5435	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.9	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	University of Notre Dame; Basic Energy Sciences, DE-SC-0016543 ; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, FA9550-18-1- 0157 ; This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Oﬃce of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis Program, under Award DE-SC-0016543 and by the U.S. Air Force Oﬃce of Scientiﬁc Research, under Award FA9550-18-1-0157. P.M. acknowledges support through the Eilers Graduate Fellowship for Energy Related Research from the University of Notre Dame. Computational resources were provided by the Notre Dame Center for Research Computing. We thank the Notre Dame Energy Materials Characterization Facility and the Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility for the use of the X-ray diﬀractometer and the transmission electron microscope, respectively.			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.9; 2020 IF: 10.614
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:170713			Serial	6405
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	Author	Van Loenhout, J.; Freire Boullosa, L.; Quatannens, D.; De Waele, J.; Merlin, C.; Lambrechts, H.; Lau, H.W.; Hermans, C.; Lin, A.; Lardon, F.; Peeters, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Smits, E.; Deben, C.
	Title	Auranofin and Cold Atmospheric Plasma Synergize to Trigger Distinct Cell Death Mechanisms and Immunogenic Responses in Glioblastoma			Type	A1 Journal Article;oxidative stress
	Year	2021	Publication	Cells	Abbreviated Journal	Cells
	Volume	10	Issue	11	Pages	2936
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article;oxidative stress; auranofin; cold atmospheric plasma; glioblastoma; cancer cell death; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	Targeting the redox balance of malignant cells via the delivery of high oxidative stress unlocks a potential therapeutic strategy against glioblastoma (GBM). We investigated a novel reactive oxygen species (ROS)-inducing combination treatment strategy, by increasing exogenous ROS via cold atmospheric plasma and inhibiting the endogenous protective antioxidant system via auranofin (AF), a thioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR) inhibitor. The sequential combination treatment of AF and cold atmospheric plasma-treated PBS (pPBS), or AF and direct plasma application, resulted in a synergistic response in 2D and 3D GBM cell cultures, respectively. Differences in the baseline protein levels related to the antioxidant systems explained the cell-line-dependent sensitivity towards the combination treatment. The highest decrease of TrxR activity and GSH levels was observed after combination treatment of AF and pPBS when compared to AF and pPBS monotherapies. This combination also led to the highest accumulation of intracellular ROS. We confirmed a ROS-mediated response to the combination of AF and pPBS, which was able to induce distinct cell death mechanisms. On the one hand, an increase in caspase-3/7 activity, with an increase in the proportion of annexin V positive cells, indicates the induction of apoptosis in the GBM cells. On the other hand, lipid peroxidation and inhibition of cell death through an iron chelator suggest the involvement of ferroptosis in the GBM cell lines. Both cell death mechanisms induced by the combination of AF and pPBS resulted in a significant increase in danger signals (ecto-calreticulin, ATP and HMGB1) and dendritic cell maturation, indicating a potential increase in immunogenicity, although the phagocytotic capacity of dendritic cells was inhibited by AF. In vivo, sequential combination treatment of AF and cold atmospheric plasma both reduced tumor growth kinetics and prolonged survival in GBM-bearing mice. Thus, our study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for GBM to enhance the efficacy of oxidative stress-inducing therapy through a combination of AF and cold atmospheric plasma.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000807134000001	Publication Date	2021-10-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2073-4409	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Olivia Hendrickx Research Fund, 21OCL06 ; University of Antwerp, FFB160231 ; The authors would express their gratitude to Hans de Reu for technical assistance with flow cytometry.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:182915			Serial	6826
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	Author	Shaw, P.; Kumar, N.; Sahun, M.; Smits, E.; Bogaerts, A.; Privat-Maldonado, A.
	Title	Modulating the Antioxidant Response for Better Oxidative Stress-Inducing Therapies: How to Take Advantage of Two Sides of the Same Medal?			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Biomedicines	Abbreviated Journal	Biomedicines
	Volume	10	Issue	4	Pages	823
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Center for Oncological Research (CORE)
	Abstract	Oxidative stress-inducing therapies are characterized as a specific treatment that involves the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) by external or internal sources. To protect cells against oxidative stress, cells have evolved a strong antioxidant defense system to either prevent RONS formation or scavenge them. The maintenance of the redox balance ensures signal transduction, development, cell proliferation, regulation of the mechanisms of cell death, among others. Oxidative stress can beneficially be used to treat several diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, heart disease, cancer, and other diseases by regulating the antioxidant system. Understanding the mechanisms of various endogenous antioxidant systems can increase the therapeutic efficacy of oxidative stress-based therapies, leading to clinical success in medical treatment. This review deals with the recent novel findings of various cellular endogenous antioxidant responses behind oxidative stress, highlighting their implication in various human diseases, such as ulcers, skin pathologies, oncology, and viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000785420400001	Publication Date	2022-03-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2227-9059	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Core Research Grant, Department of Science and Technology, India., (CRG/2021/001935) ; Department of Biotechnology, BT/RLF/Re-entry/27/2019 ; We are grateful to Charlotta Bengtson for her valuable input.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:187931			Serial	7051
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	Author	Lu, X.P.; Bruggeman, P.J.; Reuter, S.; Naidis, G.; Bogaerts, A.; Laroussi, M.; Keidar, M.; Robert, E.; Pouvesle, J.-M.; Liu, D.W.; Ostrikov, K.(K.)
	Title	Grand challenges in low temperature plasmas			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Frontiers in physics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	10	Issue		Pages	1040658-12
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Low temperature plasmas (LTPs) enable to create a highly reactive environment at near ambient temperatures due to the energetic electrons with typical kinetic energies in the range of 1 to 10 eV (1 eV = 11600K), which are being used in applications ranging from plasma etching of electronic chips and additive manufacturing to plasma-assisted combustion. LTPs are at the core of many advanced technologies. Without LTPs, many of the conveniences of modern society would simply not exist. New applications of LTPs are continuously being proposed. Researchers are facing many grand challenges before these new applications can be translated to practice. In this paper, we will discuss the challenges being faced in the field of LTPs, in particular for atmospheric pressure plasmas, with a focus on health, energy and sustainability.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000878212000001	Publication Date	2022-10-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2296-424x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	3.1	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.1
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:192173			Serial	7267
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	Author	Tinck, S.; Altamirano-Sánchez, E.; De Schepper, P.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Formation of a nanoscale SiO₂ capping layer on photoresist lines with an Ar/SiCl₄/O₂ inductively coupled plasma : a modeling investigation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Plasma processes and polymers	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Process Polym
	Volume	11	Issue	1	Pages	52-62
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	PECVD of a nanoscale SiO2 capping layer using low pressure SiCl4/O-2/Ar plasmas is numerically investigated. The purpose of this capping layer is to restore photoresist profiles with improved line edge roughness. A 2D plasma and Monte Carlo feature profile model are applied for this purpose. The deposited films are calculated for various operating conditions to obtain a layer with desired shape. An increase in pressure results in more isotropic deposition with a higher deposition rate, while a higher power creates a more anisotropic process. Dilution of the gas mixture with Ar does not result in an identical capping layer shape with a thickness linearly correlated to the dilution. Finally, a substrate bias seems to allow proper control of the vertical deposition rate versus sidewall deposition as desired.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000330588800006	Publication Date	2013-11-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1612-8850;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.846	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.846; 2014 IF: 2.453
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115735			Serial	1256
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	Author	Aerts, R.; Snoeckx, R.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	In-situ chemical trapping of oxygen in the splitting of carbon dioxide by plasma			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Plasma processes and polymers	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Process Polym
	Volume	11	Issue	10	Pages	985-992
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000344180900008	Publication Date	2014-08-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1612-8850;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.846	Times cited	29	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.846; 2014 IF: 2.453
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:118302			Serial	1575
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	Author	Somers, W.; Dubreuil, M.F.; Neyts, E.C.; Vangeneugden, D.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Incorporation of fluorescent dyes in atmospheric pressure plasma coatings for in-line monitoring of coating homogeneity			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Plasma processes and polymers	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Process Polym
	Volume	11	Issue	7	Pages	678-684
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	This paper reports on the incorporation of three commercial fluorescent dyes, i.e., rhodamine 6G, fluorescein, and fluorescent brightener 184, in plasma coatings, by utilizing a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, and the subsequent monitoring of the coatings homogeneity based on the emitted fluorescent light. The plasma coatings are qualitatively characterized with fluorescence microscopy, UVvis spectroscopy and profilometry for the determination of the coating thickness. The emitted fluorescent light of the coating correlates to the amount of dye per area, and deviations of these factors can hence be observed by monitoring the intensity of this light. This allows monitoring the homogeneity of the plasma coatings in a fast and simple way, without making major adjustments to the process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000340416300007	Publication Date	2014-05-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1612-8850;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.846	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.846; 2014 IF: 2.453
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:118063			Serial	1598
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.
	Title	The ion- and atom-induced secondary electron emission yield: numerical study for the effect of clean and dirty cathode surfaces			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	Plasma sources science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Sources Sci T
	Volume	11	Issue		Pages	27-36
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000174336300003	Publication Date	2002-08-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0963-0252;1361-6595;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.302	Times cited	51	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.302; 2002 IF: 1.816
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:40184			Serial	1739
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	Author	Eckert, M.; Neyts, E.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Modeling adatom surface processes during crystal growth: a new implementation of the Metropolis Monte Carlo algorithm			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	CrystEngComm	Abbreviated Journal	Crystengcomm
	Volume	11	Issue	8	Pages	1597-1608
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	In this paper, a new implementation of the Metropolis Monte Carlo (MMC) algorithm is presented. When combining the MMC model with a molecular dynamics (MD) code, crystal growth by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition can be simulated. As the MD part simulates impacts of growth species onto the surface on a time scale of picoseconds, the MMC algorithm simulates the slower adatom surface processes. The implementation includes a criterion for the selection of atoms that are allowed to be displaced during the simulation, and a criterion of after how many MMC cycles the simulation is stopped. We performed combined MD-MMC simulations for hydrocarbon species that are important for the growth of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films at partially hydrogenated diamond surfaces, since this implementation is part of a study of the growth mechanisms of (ultra)nanocrystalline diamond films. Exemplary for adatom arrangements during the growth of UNCD, the adatom surface behavior of C and C2H2 at diamond (111)1 × 1, C and C4H2 at diamond (111)1 × 1 and C3 at diamond (100)2 × 1 has been investigated. For all cases, the diamond crystal structure is pursued under the influence of MMC simulation. Additional longer time-scale MD simulations put forward very similar structures, verifying the MMC algorithm. Nevertheless, the MMC simulation time is typically one order of magnitude shorter than the MD simulation time.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000268184300021	Publication Date	2009-04-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1466-8033;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.474	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.474; 2009 IF: 4.183
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:77374			Serial	2106
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	Author	de Bleecker, K.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Modeling of the synthesis and subsequent growth of nanoparticles in dusty plasmas			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	High temperature material processes	Abbreviated Journal	High Temp Mater P-Us
	Volume	11	Issue		Pages	21-36
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000246372200003	Publication Date	2008-01-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1093-3611;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:63996			Serial	2136
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	Author	Bultinck, E.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions treatment of an Ar/O₂ magnetron discharge used for the reactive sputter deposition of TiO_x films			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	New journal of physics	Abbreviated Journal	New J Phys
	Volume	11	Issue		Pages	103010-103010,24
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The physical processes in an Ar/O2 magnetron discharge used for the reactive sputter deposition of TiOx thin films were simulated with a 2d3v particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions (PIC/MCC) model. The plasma species taken into account are electrons, Ar+ ions, fast Arf atoms, metastable Arm* atoms, Ti+ ions, Ti atoms, O+ ions, O2+ ions, O− ions and O atoms. This model accounts for plasmatarget interactions, such as secondary electron emission and target sputtering, and the effects of target poisoning. Furthermore, the deposition process is described by an analytical surface model. The influence of the O2/Ar gas ratio on the plasma potential and on the species densities and fluxes is investigated. Among others, it is shown that a higher O2 pressure causes the region of positive plasma potential and the O− density to be more spread, and the latter to decrease. On the other hand, the deposition rates of Ti and O are not much affected by the O2/Ar proportion. Indeed, the predicted stoichiometry of the deposited TiOx film approaches x=2 for nearly all the investigated O2/Ar proportions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000270820900001	Publication Date	2009-10-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1367-2630;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.786	Times cited	24	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.786; 2009 IF: 3.312
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:78326			Serial	2559
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Yusupov, M.; Van der Paal, J.; Verlackt, C.C.W.; Neyts, E.C.
	Title	Reactive molecular dynamics simulations for a better insight in plasma medicine			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Plasma processes and polymers	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Process Polym
	Volume	11	Issue	12	Pages	1156-1168
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	In this review paper, we present several examples of reactive molecular dynamics simulations, which contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms in plasma medicine on the atomic scale. This includes the interaction of important reactive oxygen plasma species with the outer cell wall of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and with lipids present in human skin. Moreover, as most biomolecules are surrounded by a liquid biofilm, the behavior of these plasma species in a liquid (water) layer is presented as well. Finally, a perspective for future atomic scale modeling studies is given, in the field of plasma medicine in general, and for cancer treatment in particular.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000346034700007	Publication Date	2014-09-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1612-8850;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.846	Times cited	22	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.846; 2014 IF: 2.453
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:121269			Serial	2822
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	Author	Bultinck, E.; Mahieu, S.; Depla, D.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Reactive sputter deposition of TiN_x films, simulated with a particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions model			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	New journal of physics	Abbreviated Journal	New J Phys
	Volume	11	Issue		Pages	023039,1-023039,24
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The physical processes in an Ar/N2 magnetron discharge used for the reactive sputter deposition of TiNx thin films were simulated with a 2d3v particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collisions (PIC/MCC) model. Cathode currents and voltages were calculated self-consistently and compared with experiments. Also, ion fractions were calculated and validated with mass spectrometric measurements. With this PIC/MCC model, the influence of N2/Ar gas ratio on the particle densities and fluxes was investigated, taking into account the effect of the poisoned state of the target.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000263744100001	Publication Date	2009-02-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1367-2630;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.786	Times cited	23	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.786; 2009 IF: 3.312
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:73150			Serial	2825
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.
	Title	Relative sensitivity factors in glow discharge mass spectrometry: the role of charge transfer ionization			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1996	Publication	Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	J Anal Atom Spectrom
	Volume	11	Issue		Pages	841-847
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	A1996VG92800032	Publication Date	2004-04-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0267-9477;1364-5544;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.466	Times cited	38	Open Access
	Notes				Approved
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:16243			Serial	2860
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	Author	Georgieva, V.; Voter, A.F.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Understanding the surface diffusion processes during magnetron sputter-deposition of complex oxide Mg-Al-O thin films			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Crystal growth & design	Abbreviated Journal	Cryst Growth Des
	Volume	11	Issue	6	Pages	2553-2558
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	It is known that film structure may change dramatically with the extent of surface diffusion during the film growth process. In the present work, surface diffusion, induced thermally or activated by energetic impacts, is investigated theoretically under conditions appropriate for magnetron sputter-deposition of MgAlO thin films with varying stoichiometry. The distribution of surface diffusion energy barriers available to the system was determined for each stoichiometry, which allowed assessing in a qualitative way how much surface diffusion will take place on the time scale available between deposition events. The activation energy barriers increase with the Al concentration in the film, and therefore, the surface diffusion rates in the time frame of typical deposition rates drop, which can explain the decrease in crystallinity in the film structure and the transition to amorphous structure. The deposition process and the immediate surface diffusion enhanced by the energetic adatoms are simulated by means of a molecular dynamics model. The longer-time thermal surface diffusion and the energy landscape are studied by the temperature accelerated dynamics method, applied in an approximate way. The surface diffusion enhanced by the energetic impacts appears to be very important for the film structure in the low-temperature deposition regime.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000291074600068	Publication Date	2011-04-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1528-7483;1528-7505;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.055	Times cited	14	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.055; 2011 IF: 4.720
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89566			Serial	3806
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	Author	Shaw, P.; Kumar, N.; Hammerschmid, D.; Privat-Maldonado, A.; Dewilde, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Synergistic Effects of Melittin and Plasma Treatment: A Promising Approach for Cancer Therapy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Cancers	Abbreviated Journal	Cancers
	Volume	11	Issue	8	Pages	1109
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Melittin (MEL), a small peptide component of bee venom, has been reported to exhibit anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. However, its clinical applicability is disputed because of its non-specific cytotoxicity and haemolytic activity in high treatment doses. Plasma-treated phosphate buffered saline solution (PT-PBS), a solution rich in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can disrupt the cell membrane integrity and induce cancer cell death through oxidative stress-mediated pathways. Thus, PT-PBS could be used in combination with MEL to facilitate its access into cancer cells and to reduce the required therapeutic dose. The aim of our study is to determine the reduction of the effective dose of MEL required to eliminate cancer cells by its combination with PT-PBS. For this purpose, we have optimised the MEL threshold concentration and tested the combined treatment of MEL and PT-PBS on A375 melanoma and MCF7 breast cancer cells, using in vitro, in ovo and in silico approaches. We investigated the cytotoxic effect of MEL and PT-PBS alone and in combination to reveal their synergistic cytological effects. To support the in vitro and in ovo experiments, we showed by computer simulations that plasma-induced oxidation of the phospholipid bilayer leads to a decrease of the free energy barrier for translocation of MEL in comparison with the non-oxidized bilayer, which also suggests a synergistic effect of MEL with plasma induced oxidation. Overall, our findings suggest that MEL in combination with PT-PBS can be a promising combinational therapy to circumvent the non-specific toxicity of MEL, which may help for clinical applicability in the future.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000484438000069	Publication Date	2019-08-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2072-6694	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO), grant number 12J5617N. We are thankful to Maksudbek Yusupov for his valuable discussions, and to the Center for Oncological Research (CORE), for providing the facilities for the experimental work. The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the University Antwerp, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI), and the University of Antwerp.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:161630			Serial	5286
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	Author	Bekeschus, S.; Freund, E.; Spadola, C.; Privat-Maldonado, A.; Hackbarth, C.; Bogaerts, A.; Schmidt, A.; Wende, K.; Weltmann, K.-D.; von Woedtke, T.; Heidecke, C.-D.; Partecke, L.-I.; Käding, A.
	Title	Risk Assessment of kINPen Plasma Treatment of Four Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines with Respect to Metastasis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Cancers	Abbreviated Journal	Cancers
	Volume	11	Issue	9	Pages	1237
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Cold physical plasma has limited tumor growth in many preclinical models and is, therefore, suggested as a putative therapeutic option against cancer. Yet, studies investigating the cells’ metastatic behavior following plasma treatment are scarce, although being of prime importance to evaluate the safety of this technology. Therefore, we investigated four human pancreatic cancer cell lines for their metastatic behavior in vitro and in chicken embryos (in ovo). Pancreatic cancer was chosen as it is particularly metastatic to the peritoneum and systemically, which is most predictive for outcome. In vitro, treatment with the kINPen plasma jet reduced pancreatic cancer cell activity and viability, along with unchanged or decreased motility. Additionally, the expression of adhesion markers relevant for metastasis was down-regulated, except for increased CD49d. Analysis of 3D tumor spheroid outgrowth showed a lack of plasma-spurred metastatic behavior. Finally, analysis of tumor tissue grown on chicken embryos validated the absence of an increase of metabolically active cells physically or chemically detached with plasma treatment. We conclude that plasma treatment is a safe and promising therapeutic option and that it does not promote metastatic behavior in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in ovo.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000489719000022	Publication Date	2019-08-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2072-6694	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	The authors acknowledge that this work was supported by grants funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), grant number 03Z22DN11. We want to thank the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) for providing funding to APM under the “long stay abroad” scheme (grant code V415618N). APM and AB acknowledge financial support from the Methusalem project. Technical support by Felix Niessner and Antje Janetzko is gratefully acknowledged.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:162106			Serial	5357
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	Author	Van Loenhout, J.; Flieswasser, T.; Freire Boullosa, L.; De Waele, J.; Van Audenaerde, J.; Marcq, E.; Jacobs, J.; Lin, A.; Lion, E.; Dewitte, H.; Peeters, M.; Dewilde, S.; Lardon, F.; Bogaerts, A.; Deben, C.; Smits, E.
	Title	Cold Atmospheric Plasma-Treated PBS Eliminates Immunosuppressive Pancreatic Stellate Cells and Induces Immunogenic Cell Death of Pancreatic Cancer Cells			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Cancers	Abbreviated Journal	Cancers
	Volume	11	Issue	10	Pages	1597
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Laboratory for Experimental Hematology (LEH); Center for Oncological Research (CORE)
	Abstract	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive cancers with a low response to treatment and a five-year survival rate below 5%. The ineffectiveness of treatment is partly because of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, which comprises tumor-supportive pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are needed to tackle both the immunosuppressive PSC and pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs). Recently, physical cold atmospheric plasma consisting of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species has emerged as a novel treatment option for cancer. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of plasma-treated phosphate-buffered saline (pPBS) using three PSC lines and four PCC lines and examined the immunogenicity of the induced cell death. We observed a decrease in the viability of PSC and PCC after pPBS treatment, with a higher efficacy in the latter. Two PCC lines expressed and released damage-associated molecular patterns characteristic of the induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD). In addition, pPBS-treated PCC were highly phagocytosed by dendritic cells (DCs), resulting in the maturation of DC. This indicates the high potential of pPBS to trigger ICD. In contrast, pPBS induced no ICD in PSC. In general, pPBS treatment of PCCs and PSCs created a more immunostimulatory secretion profile (higher TNF-α and IFN-γ, lower TGF-β) in coculture with DC. Altogether, these data show that plasma treatment via pPBS has the potential to induce ICD in PCCs and to reduce the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment created by PSCs. Therefore, these data provide a strong experimental basis for further in vivo validation, which might potentially open the way for more successful combination strategies with immunotherapy for PDAC.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000498826000194	Publication Date	2019-10-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2072-6694	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	Universiteit Antwerpen, NA ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 11E7719N 1121016N 1S32316N 12S9218N 12E3916N ; Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen, 141433 ; Kom op tegen Kanker, NA ; Stichting Tegen Kanker, STK2014-155 ; The authors express their gratitude to Christophe Hermans, Céline Merlin, Hilde Lambrechts, and Hans de Reu for technical assistance; and to VITO for the use of the MSD reader (Mol, Belgium).			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:163328			Serial	5436
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	Author	Privat-Maldonado, A.; Bengtson, C.; Razzokov, J.; Smits, E.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Modifying the Tumour Microenvironment: Challenges and Future Perspectives for Anticancer Plasma Treatments			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Cancers	Abbreviated Journal	Cancers
	Volume	11	Issue	12	Pages	1920
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Center for Oncological Research (CORE)
	Abstract	Tumours are complex systems formed by cellular (malignant, immune, and endothelial cells, fibroblasts) and acellular components (extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents and secreted factors). A close interplay between these factors, collectively called the tumour microenvironment, is required to respond appropriately to external cues and to determine the treatment outcome. Cold plasma (here referred as ‘plasma’) is an emerging anticancer technology that generates a unique cocktail of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species to eliminate cancerous cells via multiple mechanisms of action. While plasma is currently regarded as a local therapy, it can also modulate the mechanisms of cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM communication, which could facilitate the propagation of its effect in tissue and distant sites. However, it is still largely unknown how the physical interactions occurring between cells and/or the ECM in the tumour microenvironment affect the plasma therapy outcome. In this review, we discuss the effect of plasma on cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM communication in the context of the tumour microenvironment and suggest new avenues of research to advance our knowledge in the field. Furthermore, we revise the relevant state-of-the-art in three-dimensional in vitro models that could be used to analyse cell-to-cell and cell-to-ECM communication and further strengthen our understanding of the effect of plasma in solid tumours.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000507382100097	Publication Date	2019-12-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2072-6694	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	Figure 4 was created using resources from the ‘Mind the Graph’ platform, free trial version. Spheroid image obtained in collaboration with Sander Bekeschus (INP Greifswald, Germany); organoid image kindly provided by Christophe Deben (Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp, Belgium).			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:164892			Serial	5437
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	Author	Bal, K.M.; Bogaerts, A.; Neyts, E.C.
	Title	Ensemble-Based Molecular Simulation of Chemical Reactions under Vibrational Nonequilibrium			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Journal Of Physical Chemistry Letters	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys Chem Lett
	Volume	11	Issue	2	Pages	401-406
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	We present an approach to incorporate the eﬀect of vibrational nonequilibrium in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A perturbed canonical ensemble, in which selected modes are excited to higher temperature while all others remain equilibrated at low temperature, is simulated by applying a speciﬁcally tailored bias potential. Our method can be readily applied to any (classical or quantum mechanical) MD setup at virtually no additional computational cost and allows the study of reactions of vibrationally excited molecules in nonequilibrium environments such as plasmas. In combination with enhanced sampling methods, the vibrational eﬃcacy and mode selectivity of vibrationally stimulated reactions can then be quantiﬁed in terms of chemically relevant observables, such as reaction rates and apparent free energy barriers. We ﬁrst validate our method for the prototypical hydrogen exchange reaction and then show how it can capture the eﬀect of vibrational excitation on a symmetric SN2 reaction and radical addition on CO2.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000508473400008	Publication Date	2020-01-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1948-7185	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.7	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	Universiteit Antwerpen; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 12ZI420N ; Departement Economie, Wetenschap en Innovatie van de Vlaamse Overheid; K.M.B. was funded as a junior postdoctoral fellow of the FWO (Research Foundation − Flanders), Grant 12ZI420N, and through a TOP-BOF research project of the University of Antwerp. The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the FWO and the Flemish Government− department EWI.			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.7; 2020 IF: 9.353
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:165587			Serial	5442
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	Author	Yi, Y.; Wang, X.; Jafarzadeh, A.; Wang, L.; Liu, P.; He, B.; Yan, J.; Zhang, R.; Zhang, H.; Liu, X.; Guo, H.; Neyts, E.C.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Plasma-Catalytic Ammonia Reforming of Methane over Cu-Based Catalysts for the Production of HCN and H₂at Reduced Temperature			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Acs Catalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Catal
	Volume	11	Issue	3	Pages	1765-1773
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Industrial production of HCN from NH3 and CH4 not only uses precious Pt or Pt−Rh catalysts but also requires extremely high temperatures (∼1600 K). From an energetic, operational, and safety perspective, a drastic decrease in temperature is highly desirable. Here, we report ammonia reforming of methane for the production of HCN and H2 at 673 K by the combination of CH4/NH3 plasma and a supported Cu/silicalite-1 catalyst. 30% CH4 conversion has been achieved with 79% HCN selectivity. Catalyst characterization and plasma diagnostics reveal that the excellent reaction performance is attributed to metallic Cu active sites. In addition, we propose a possible reaction pathway, viz. E-R reactions with N, NH, NH2, and CH radicals produced in the plasma, for the production of HCN, based on density functional theory calculations. Importantly, the Cu/silicalite-1 catalyst costs less than 5% of the commercial Pt mesh catalyst.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000618540300057	Publication Date	2021-02-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2155-5435	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	10.614	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Universiteit Antwerpen, 32249 ; China Postdoctoral Science Foundation, 2015M580220 2016T90217 ; PetroChina Innovation Foundation, 2018D-5007-0501 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China, 21503032 ; We acknowledge ﬁnancial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [21503032], the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [grant numbers 2015M580220 and 2016T90217, 2016], the PetroChina Innovation Foundation [2018D-5007-0501], and the TOP research project of the Research Fund of the University of Antwerp [grant ID 32249].			Approved	Most recent IF: 10.614
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:175880			Serial	6675
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	Author	Li, S.; Ahmed, R.; Yi, Y.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Methane to Methanol through Heterogeneous Catalysis and Plasma Catalysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Catalysts	Abbreviated Journal	Catalysts
	Volume	11	Issue	5	Pages	590
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Direct oxidation of methane to methanol (DOMTM) is attractive for the increasing industrial demand of feedstock. In this review, the latest advances in heterogeneous catalysis and plasma catalysis for DOMTM are summarized, with the aim to pinpoint the differences between both, and to provide some insights into their reaction mechanisms, as well as the implications for future development of highly selective catalysts for DOMTM.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000653609900001	Publication Date	2021-05-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2073-4344	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.082	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China, DUT18JC42 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China, 21503032 ; PetroChina Innovation Foundation, 2018D-5007-0501 ; TOP-BOF research project of the Research Council of the University of Antwerp, 32249 ; This research was funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (DUT18JC42), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21503032) PetroChina Innovation Foundation (2018D-5007-0501) and the TOP-BOF research project of the Research Council of the University of Antwerp (grant ID 32249). This research was supported by the China Scholarship Council (CSC). The authors warmly acknowledge CSC for their support.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.082
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:177851			Serial	6753
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