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	Author	Slaets, J.; Loenders, B.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Plasma-based dry reforming of CH4: Plasma effects vs. thermal conversion			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2024	Publication	Fuel	Abbreviated Journal	Fuel
	Volume	360	Issue		Pages	130650
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma kinetics Computer modelling Dry reforming of methane; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	In this work we evaluate the chemical kinetics of dry reforming of methane in warm plasmas (1000–4000 K) using modelling with a newly developed chemistry set, for a broad range of parameters (temperature, power density and CO2/CH4 ratio). We compare the model against thermodynamic equilibrium concentrations, serving as validation of the thermal chemical kinetics. Our model reveals that plasma-specific reactions (i.e., electron impact collisions) accelerate the kinetics compared to thermal conversion, rather than altering the overall kinetics pathways and intermediate products, for gas temperatures below 2000 K. For higher temperatures, the kinetics are dominated by heavy species collisions and are strictly thermal, with negligible influence of the electrons and ions on the overall kinetics. When studying the effects of different gas mixtures on the kinetics, we identify important intermediate species, side reactions and side products. The use of excess CO2 leads to H2O formation, at the expense of H2 formation, and the CO2 conversion itself is limited, only approaching full conversion near 4000 K. In contrast, full conversion of both reactants is only kinetically limited for mixtures with excess CH4, which also gives rise to the formation of C2H2, alongside syngas. Within the given parameter space, our model predicts the 30/70 ratio of CO2/CH4 to be the most optimal for syngas formation with a H2/CO ratio of 2.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001138077700001	Publication Date	2023-12-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0016-2361	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	7.4	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement No. 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), the Catalisti-ICON project BluePlasma (Project No. HBC.2022.0445), the FWO-SBO project PlasMaCatDESIGN (FWO Grant ID S001619N), the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Project No. 0217-00231B) and through long-term structural funding (Methusalem). The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the HPC core facility CalcUA of the Universiteit Antwerpen, and VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government. We also thank Bart Wanten, Roel Michiels, Pepijn Heirman, Claudia Verheyen, dr. Senne Van Alphen, dr. Elise Vervloessem, dr. Kevin van ’t Veer, dr. Joshua Boothroyd, dr. Omar Biondo and dr. Eduardo Morais for their expertise and feedback regarding the kinetics scheme.			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.4; 2024 IF: 4.601
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:201669			Serial	8973
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Slaets, J.; Aghaei, M.; Ceulemans, S.; Van Alphen, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	CO₂and CH₄conversion in “real” gas mixtures in a gliding arc plasmatron: how do N₂and O₂affect the performance?			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Green Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Green Chem
	Volume	22	Issue	4	Pages	1366-1377
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	In this paper we study dry reforming of methane (DRM) in a gliding arc plasmatron (GAP) in the presence of N<sub>2</sub>and O<sub>2</sub>. N<sub>2</sub>is added to create a stable plasma at equal fractions of CO<sub>2</sub>and CH<sub>4</sub>, and because emissions from industrial plants typically contain N<sub>2</sub>, while O<sub>2</sub>is added to enhance the process. We test different gas mixing ratios to evaluate the conversion and energy cost. We obtain conversions between 31 and 52% for CO<sub>2</sub>and between 55 and 99% for CH<sub>4</sub>, with total energy costs between 3.4 and 5.0 eV per molecule, depending on the gas mixture. This is very competitive when benchmarked with the literature. In addition, we present a chemical kinetics model to obtain deeper insight in the underlying plasma chemistry. This allows determination of the major reaction pathways to convert CO<sub>2</sub>and CH<sub>4</sub>, in the presence of O<sub>2</sub>and N<sub>2</sub>, into CO and H<sub>2</sub>. We show that N<sub>2</sub>assists in the CO<sub>2</sub>conversion, but part of the applied energy is also wasted in N<sub>2</sub>excitation. Adding O<sub>2</sub>enhances the CH<sub>4</sub>conversion, and lowers the energy cost, while the CO<sub>2</sub>conversion remains constant, and only slightly drops at the highest O<sub>2</sub>fractions studied, when CH<sub>4</sub>is fully oxidized into CO<sub>2</sub>.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000518034000032	Publication Date	2020-01-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1463-9262	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.8	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	H2020 European Research Council, 810182 ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, GoF9618n 12M7118N ; We acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), and the FWO postdoctoral fellowship of M. A. (Grant number 12M7118N). This work was carried out in part using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the University of Antwerp.			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.8; 2020 IF: 9.125
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:167136			Serial	6339
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	Author	Rouwenhorst, K.H.R.; Engelmann, Y.; van ‘t Veer, K.; Postma, R.S.; Bogaerts, A.; Lefferts, L.
	Title	Plasma-driven catalysis: green ammonia synthesis with intermittent electricity			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Green Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Green Chem
	Volume	22	Issue	19	Pages	6258-6287
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Movement Antwerp (MOVANT)
	Abstract	Ammonia is one of the most produced chemicals, mainly synthesized from fossil fuels for fertilizer applications. Furthermore, ammonia may be one of the energy carriers of the future, when it is produced from renewable electricity. This has spurred research on alternative technologies for green ammonia production. Research on plasma-driven ammonia synthesis has recently gained traction in academic literature. In the current review, we summarize the literature on plasma-driven ammonia synthesis. We distinguish between mechanisms for ammonia synthesis in the presence of a plasma, with and without a catalyst, for different plasma conditions. Strategies for catalyst design are discussed, as well as the current understanding regarding the potential plasma-catalyst synergies as function of the plasma conditions and their implications on energy efficiency. Finally, we discuss the limitations in currently reported models and experiments, as an outlook for research opportunities for further unravelling the complexities of plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis, in order to bridge the gap between the currently reported models and experimental results.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000575015700002	Publication Date	2020-09-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1463-9262	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.8	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.8; 2020 IF: 9.125
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:172671			Serial	6430
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	Author	Biondo, O.; van Deursen, C.F.A.M.; Hughes, A.; van de Steeg, A.; Bongers, W.; van de Sanden, M.C.M.; van Rooij, G.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Avoiding solid carbon deposition in plasma-based dry reforming of methane			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Green Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Green Chem.
	Volume	25	Issue	24	Pages	10485-10497
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	Solid carbon deposition is a persistent challenge in dry reforming of methane (DRM), affecting both classical and plasma-based processes. In this work, we use a microwave plasma in reverse vortex flow configuration to overcome this issue in CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>plasmas. Indeed, this configuration efficiently mitigates carbon deposition, enabling operation even with pure CH<sub>4</sub>feed gas, in contrast to other configurations. At the same time, high reactor performance is achieved, with CO<sub>2</sub>and CH<sub>4</sub>conversions reaching 33% and 44% respectively, at an energy cost of 14 kJ L<sup>−1</sup>for a CO<sub>2</sub> : CH<sub>4</sub>ratio of 1 : 1. Laser scattering and optical emission imaging demonstrate that the shorter residence time in reverse vortex flow lowers the gas temperature in the discharge, facilitating a shift from full to partial CH<sub>4</sub>pyrolysis. This underscores the pivotal role of flow configuration in directing process selectivity, a crucial factor in complex chemistries like CO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>4</sub>mixtures and very important for industrial applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001110100100001	Publication Date	2023-11-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1463-9262	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	9.8	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	Universiteit Antwerpen; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, 813393 ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.8; 2023 IF: 9.125
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:202138			Serial	8978
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	Author	Jardali, F.; Van Alphen, S.; Creel, J.; Ahmadi Eshtehardi, H.; Axelsson, M.; Ingels, R.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	NO_xproduction in a rotating gliding arc plasma: potential avenue for sustainable nitrogen fixation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Green Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Green Chem
	Volume	23	Issue	4	Pages	1748-1757
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The fast growing world population demands food to survive, and nitrogen-based fertilizers are essential to ensure sufficient food production. Today, fertilizers are mainly produced from non-sustainable fossil fuels<italic>via</italic>the Haber–Bosch process, leading to serious environmental problems. We propose here a novel rotating gliding arc plasma, operating in air, for direct NO<sub>x</sub>production, which can yield high nitrogen content organic fertilizers without pollution associated with ammonia emission. We explored the efficiency of NO<sub>x</sub>production in a wide range of feed gas ratios, and for two arc modes: rotating and steady. When the arc is in steady mode, record-value NO<sub>x</sub>concentrations up to 5.5% are achieved which are 1.7 times higher than the maximum concentration obtained by the rotating arc mode, and with an energy consumption of 2.5 MJ mol<sup>−1</sup>(or<italic>ca.</italic>50 kW h kN<sup>−1</sup>);<italic>i.e.</italic>the lowest value so far achieved by atmospheric pressure plasma reactors. Computer modelling, using a combination of five different complementary approaches, provides a comprehensive picture of NO<sub>x</sub>formation in both arc modes; in particular, the higher NO<sub>x</sub>production in the steady arc mode is due to the combined thermal and vibrationally-promoted Zeldovich mechanisms.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000629630600021	Publication Date	2021-01-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1463-9262	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.125	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, GoF9618n 30505023 ; H2020 European Research Council, 810182 ; This research was supported by a Bilateral Project with N2 Applied, the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023) and by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. We also thank J.-L. Liu for the RGA design, L. Van ‘t dack and K. Leyssens for MS calibration and practical support, and K. Van ‘t Veer for the fruitful discussions on plasma kinetic modelling and for calculating the electron energy losses.			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.125
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:176022			Serial	6678
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	Author	Vervloessem, E.; Gorbanev, Y.; Nikiforov, A.; De Geyter, N.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Sustainable NO_xproduction from air in pulsed plasma: elucidating the chemistry behind the low energy consumption			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Green Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Green Chem
	Volume	24	Issue	2	Pages	916-929
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	N-Based fertilisers are paramount to support our still-growing world population. Current industrial N<sub>2</sub>fixation is heavily fossil fuel-dependent, therefore, a lot of work is put into the development of fossil-free pathways. Plasma technology offers a fossil-free and flexible method for N<sub>2</sub>fixation that is compatible with renewable energy sources. We present here a pulsed plasma jet for direct NO<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>production from air. The pulsed power allows for a record-low energy consumption (EC) of 0.42 MJ (mol N)<sup>−1</sup>. This is the lowest reported EC in plasma-based N<sub>2</sub>fixation at atmospheric pressure thus far. We compare our experimental data with plasma chemistry modelling, and obtain very good agreement. Hence, we can use our model to explain the underlying mechanisms responsible for this low EC. The pulsed power and the corresponding pulsed gas temperature are the reason for the very low EC: they provide a strong vibrational–translational non-equilibrium and promote the non-thermal Zeldovich mechanism. This insight is important for the development of the next generation of plasma sources for energy-efficient NO<sub><italic>x</italic></sub>production.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000739578400001	Publication Date	2021-12-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1463-9262	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.8	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	H2020 European Research Council, grant agreement no. 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project ; Herculesstichting; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, EOS ID 30505023 FWO grant ID GoF9618n ; Universiteit Antwerpen; This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (NITROPLASM, FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and through long-term structural funding (Methusalem). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (Department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. We thank E. H. Choi and coworkers from the Plasma Bioscience Research Center (Korea) for providing the Soft Jet plasma source, as well as K. van’t Veer and C. Verheyen for the fruitful discussion on the electron loss fraction calculations. The graphical abstract was designed using resources from Flaticon.com.			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.8
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:185450			Serial	6906
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	Author	Belov, I.; Paulussen, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Analysis and comparison of the co2 and co dielectric barrier discharge solid products			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2016	Publication	Hakone Xv: International Symposium On High Pressure Low Temperature Plasma Chemistry: With Joint Cost Td1208 Workshop: Non-equilibrium Plasmas With Liquids For Water And Surface Treatment	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The CO and CO2 Dielectric Barrier Discharges (DBD) and their solid products were analyzed keeping similar energy input regimes. Gas chromatography analysis revealed the presence of CO2, CO and O-2 mixture in the exhaust of the CO2 DBD, while no O-2 was found when CO was used as a feed gas. It was shown that the C-2 Swan lines observed with optical emission spectroscopy were distinct in the CO plasma while they were not observed in the CO2 emission spectrum. Also the solid products of the plasmas exhibited remarkable differences. Nanoparticles with a diameter between10 and 300 nm, composed of Fe, O and C (Fe: O: C similar to 13: 50: 30) were produced by the CO2 DBD, while microscopic dendrite-like carbon structure (C: O similar to 73: 27) were formed in the CO plasma. The growth rate in the CO2 and CO DBDs was evaluated to be on the level of 0.15 mg/min and 15 mg/min, respectively. The difference of the CO and CO2 discharges and their products might be attributed to the oxygen content in the latter (6.4 mol.% O-2 in the exhaust) and subsequent etching of the carbonaceous film.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Masarykova univ	Place of Publication	Brno	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-80-210-8318-9	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:141554			Serial	4516
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Snoeckx, R.; Berthelot, A.; Heijkers, S.; Wang, W.; Sun, S.; Van Laer, K.; Ramakers, M.; Michielsen, I.; Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.
	Title	Plasma based co2 conversion: a combined modeling and experimental study			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2016	Publication	Hakone Xv: International Symposium On High Pressure Low Temperature Plasma Chemistry: With Joint Cost Td1208 Workshop: Non-equilibrium Plasmas With Liquids For Water And Surface Treatment	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	In recent years there is increased interest in plasma-based CO2 conversion. Several plasma setups are being investigated for this purpose, but the most commonly used ones are a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), a microwave (MW) plasma and a gliding arc (GA) reactor. In this proceedings paper, we will show results from our experiments in a (packed bed) DBD reactor and in a vortex-flow GA reactor, as well as from our model calculations for the detailed plasma chemistry in a DBD, MW and GA, for pure CO2 as well as mixtures of CO2 with N-2, CH4 and H2O.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Masarykova univ	Place of Publication	Brno	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-80-210-8318-9	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:141553			Serial	4526
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	Author	Paulussen, S.; Sels, B.; Bogaerts, A.; Paul, J.
	Title	Een tweede leven voor broeikasgassen?			Type	A2 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Het ingenieursblad : maandblad van de Koninklijke Vlaamse Ingenieursvereniging KVIV	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	77	Issue	3	Pages	16-20
	Keywords	A2 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Antwerpen	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0020-1235	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82308			Serial	3765
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	Author	de Bleecker, K.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Modeling of the synthesis and subsequent growth of nanoparticles in dusty plasmas			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	High temperature material processes	Abbreviated Journal	High Temp Mater P-Us
	Volume	11	Issue		Pages	21-36
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000246372200003	Publication Date	2008-01-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1093-3611;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:63996			Serial	2136
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	Author	Neyts, E.; Bogaerts, A.; van de Sanden, M.C.M.
	Title	Modeling PECVD growth of nanostructured carbon materials			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	High temperature material processes	Abbreviated Journal	High Temp Mater P-Us
	Volume	13	Issue	3/4	Pages	399-412
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	We present here some of our modeling efforts for PECVD growth of nanostructured carbon materials with focus on amorphous hydrogenated carbon. Experimental data from an expanding thermal plasma setup were used as input for the simulations. Attention was focused both on the film growth mechanism, as well as on the hydrocarbon reaction mechanisms during growth of the films. It is found that the reaction mechanisms and sticking coefficients are dependent on the specific surface sites, and the structural properties of the growth radicals. The film growth results are in correspondence with the experiment. Furthermore, it is found that thin a-C:H films can be densified using an additional H-flux towards the substrate.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000274202300012	Publication Date	2010-02-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1093-3611;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:80991			Serial	2138
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; de Bleecker, K.; Georgieva, V.; Herrebout, D.; Kolev, I.; Madani, M.; Neyts, E.
	Title	Numerical modeling for a better understanding of gas discharge plasmas			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	High temperature material processes	Abbreviated Journal	High Temp Mater P-Us
	Volume	9	Issue	3	Pages	321-344
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000231634100001	Publication Date	2005-10-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1093-3611;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:55832			Serial	2398
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	Author	Cui, Z.; Zhou, C.; Jafarzadeh, A.; Meng, S.; Yi, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, X.; Hao, Y.; Li, L.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	SF₆ catalytic degradation in a γ-Al₂O₃ packed bed plasma system : a combined experimental and theoretical study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	High voltage	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-11
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Effective abatement of the greenhouse gas sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) waste is of great importance for the environment protection. This work investigates the size effect and the surface properties of gamma-Al2O3 pellets on SF6 degradation in a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge (PB-DBD) system. Experimental results show that decreasing the packing size improves the filamentary discharges and promotes the ignition and the maintenance of plasma, enhancing the degradation performance at low input powers. However, too small packing pellets decrease the gas residence time and reduce the degradation efficiency, especially for the input power beyond 80 W. Besides, lowering the packing size promotes the generation of SO2, while reduces the yields of S-O-F products, corresponding to a better degradation. After the discharge, the pellet surface becomes smoother with the appearance of S and F elements. Density functional theory calculations show that SF6 is likely to be adsorbed at the Al-III site over the gamma-Al2O3(110) surface, and it is much more easily to decompose than in the gas phase. The fluorine gaseous products can decompose and stably adsorb on the pellet surface to change the surface element composition. This work provides a better understanding of SF6 degradation in a PB-DBD system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000827312700001	Publication Date	2022-07-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2397-7264	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	4.4	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.4
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:189603			Serial	7208
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	Author	Kolev, I.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Detailed numerical investigation of a DC sputter magnetron			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	IEEE transactions on plasma science	Abbreviated Journal	Ieee T Plasma Sci
	Volume	34	Issue	3	Pages	886-894
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000238582700019	Publication Date	2006-06-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0093-3813;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.052	Times cited	28	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.052; 2006 IF: 1.144
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:58198			Serial	667
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	Author	Yan, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.
	Title	Evolution of charged particle densities after laser-induced photodetachment in a strongly electronegative RF discharge			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	IEEE transactions on plasma science	Abbreviated Journal	Ieee T Plasma Sci
	Volume	30	Issue	1	Pages	132-133
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000175845900065	Publication Date	2002-11-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0093-3813;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	1.052	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.052; 2002 IF: 1.170
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:40186			Serial	1097
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	Author	de Bleecker, K.; Bogaerts, A.; Goedheer, W.; Gijbels, R.
	Title	Investigation of growth mechanisms of clusters in a silane discharge with the use of a fluid model			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	IEEE transactions on plasma science	Abbreviated Journal	Ieee T Plasma Sci
	Volume	32	Issue	2	Pages	691-698
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000222278400026	Publication Date	2004-06-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0093-3813;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.052	Times cited	29	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.052; 2004 IF: 1.042
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:46379			Serial	1732
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.
	Title	Monte Carlo model for the argon ions and fast argon atoms in a radio-frequency discharge			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1999	Publication	IEEE transactions on plasma science	Abbreviated Journal	Ieee T Plasma Sci
	Volume	27	Issue	5	Pages	1406-1415
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000083453000023	Publication Date	2002-08-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0093-3813;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.052	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.052; 1999 IF: 1.085
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:28321			Serial	2197
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	Author	Herrebout, D.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.; Goedheer, W.J.; Vanhulsel, A.
	Title	A one-dimensional fluid model for an acetylene rf discharge: a study of the plasma chemistry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2003	Publication	IEEE transactions on plasma science	Abbreviated Journal	Ieee T Plasma Sci
	Volume	31	Issue		Pages	659-664
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000184833400022	Publication Date	2003-08-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0093-3813;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.052	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.052; 2003 IF: 0.840
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:44021			Serial	2462
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	Author	Laroussi, M.; Bekeschus, S.; Keidar, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Fridman, A.; Lu, X.; Ostrikov, K.; Hori, M.; Stapelmann, K.; Miller, V.; Reuter, S.; Laux, C.; Mesbah, A.; Walsh, J.; Jiang, C.; Thagard, S.M.; Tanaka, H.; Liu, D.; Yan, D.; Yusupov, M.
	Title	Low-Temperature Plasma for Biology, Hygiene, and Medicine: Perspective and Roadmap			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	IEEE transactions on radiation and plasma medical sciences	Abbreviated Journal	IEEE Trans. Radiat. Plasma Med. Sci.
	Volume	6	Issue	2	Pages	127-157
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Plasma, the fourth and most pervasive state of matter in the visible universe, is a fascinating medium that is connected to the beginning of our universe itself. Man-made plasmas are at the core of many technological advances that include the fabrication of semiconductor devices, which enabled the modern computer and communication revolutions. The introduction of low temperature, atmospheric pressure plasmas to the biomedical field has ushered a new revolution in the healthcare arena that promises to introduce plasma-based therapies to combat some thorny and long-standing medical challenges. This article presents an overview of where research is at today and discusses innovative concepts and approaches to overcome present challenges and take the field to the next level. It is written by a team of experts who took an in-depth look at the various applications of plasma in hygiene, decontamination, and medicine, made critical analysis, and proposed ideas and concepts that should help the research community focus their efforts on clear and practical steps necessary to keep the field advancing for decades to come.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000750257400005	Publication Date	2021-12-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2469-7311	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Research Foundation—Flanders, 1200219N ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:185875			Serial	6907
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	Author	Berezhnoi, S.; Kaganovich, I.; Misina, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.
	Title	Semianalytical description of nonlocal secondary electrons in a radio-frequency capacitively coupled plasma at intermediate pressures			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1999	Publication	IEEE transactions plasma science	Abbreviated Journal	Ieee T Plasma Sci
	Volume	27	Issue		Pages	1339-1347
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000083453000014	Publication Date	2002-08-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0093-3813;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.052	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.052; 1999 IF: 1.085
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:28314			Serial	2980
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	Author	Attri, P.; Razzokov, J.; Yusupov, M.; Koga, K.; Shiratani, M.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Influence of osmolytes and ionic liquids on the Bacteriorhodopsin structure in the absence and presence of oxidative stress: A combined experimental and computational study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	International Journal Of Biological Macromolecules	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Biol Macromol
	Volume	148	Issue		Pages	657-665
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Understanding the folding and stability of membrane proteins is of great importance in protein science. Recently, osmolytes and ionic liquids (ILs) are increasingly being used as drug delivery systems in the biopharmaceutical industry. However, the stability of membrane proteins in the presence of osmolytes and ILs is not yet fully understood. Besides, the effect of oxidative stress on membrane proteins with osmolytes or ILs has not been investigated. Therefore, we studied the inﬂuence of osmolytes and ILs as co-solvents on the stability of a model membrane protein (i.e., Bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane of Halobacterium salinarum), using UV–Vis spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The MD simulations allowed us to determine the ﬂexibility and solvent accessible surface area (SASA) of Bacteriorhodopsin protein in the presence and/or absence of cosolvents, as well as to carry out principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the most important movements in this protein. In addition, by means of UV–Vis spectroscopy we studied the effect of oxidative stress generated by cold atmospheric plasma on the stability of Bacteriorhodopsin in the presence and/or absence of co-solvents. This study is important for a better understanding of the stability of proteins in the presence of oxidative stress.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000522094600066	Publication Date	2020-01-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0141-8130	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.2	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	Horizon2020, 743546 ; JSPS, 19H05462 16H03895 ; Nagoya University; We gratefully acknowledge the European Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship “Anticancer-PAM” within Horizon2020 (grant number 743546). This work was also supported by JSPS-KAKENHI 19H05462 and 16H03895, the joint usage/research program of Center for Low-temperature Plasma Science, Nagoya University and also supported by JSPS and RCL under the Japan-Lithuania Research Cooperative Program. The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UA.			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.2; 2020 IF: 3.671
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:165585			Serial	5444
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	Author	Attri, P.; Park, J.-H.; De Backer, J.; Kim, M.; Yun, J.-H.; Heo, Y.; Dewilde, S.; Shiratani, M.; Choi, E.H.; Lee, W.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Structural modification of NADPH oxidase activator (Noxa 1) by oxidative stress: An experimental and computational study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	International Journal Of Biological Macromolecules	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Biol Macromol
	Volume	163	Issue		Pages	2405-2414
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	NADPH oxidases 1 (NOX1) derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the progression of cancer through signaling pathways. Therefore, in this paper, we demonstrate the effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the structural changes of Noxa1 SH3 protein, one of the regulatory subunits of NOX1. For this purpose, ﬁrstly we puriﬁed the Noxa1 SH3 protein and analyzed the structure using X-ray crystallography, and subsequently, we treated the protein with two types of CAP reactors such as pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and Soft Jet for different time intervals. The structural deformation of Noxa1 SH3 protein was analyzed by various experimental methods (circular dichroism, ﬂuorescence, and NMR spectroscopy) and by MD simulations. Additionally, we demonstrate the effect of CAP (DBD and Soft Jet) on the viability and expression of NOX1 in A375 cancer cells. Our results are useful to understand the structural modiﬁcation/oxidation occur in protein due to reactive oxygen and nitrogen (RONS) species generated by CAP.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000579839600233	Publication Date	2020-09-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0141-8130	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.2	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	European Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship, 743546 ; JSPS, 20K14454 ; National Research Foundation of Korea, 2019M3A9F6021810 NRF-2017M3A9F6029753 NRF-2019M3E5D6063903 NRF-2016R1A6A3A04010213 ; Brain Korea 21; MSIT, NRF-2016K1A4A3914113 ; Hercules Foundation; Flemish Government; UA; We gratefully acknowledge the European Marie SkłodowskaCurie Individual Fellowship “Anticancer-PAM” within Horizon 2020 (grant number 743546). This work was also supported by JSPS-KAKENHI grant number 20K14454. Additionally, work was supported by several grants (2019M3A9F6021810, NRF2017M3A9F6029753, NRF-2019M3E5D6063903 to W. Lee), Basic Science Research Program (NRF-2016R1A6A3A04010213 to J.H. Yun) through the National Research Foundation of Korea and in part by the Brain Korea 21 (BK21) PLUS program (J.H.P.). EHC is thankful to National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea, funded by the Korea government (MSIT) under the grant number (NRF2016K1A4A3914113). The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UA.			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.2; 2020 IF: 3.671
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:172451			Serial	6419
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	Author	Attri, P.; Kaushik, N.K.; Kaushik, N.; Hammerschmid, D.; Privat-Maldonado, A.; De Backer, J.; Shiratani, M.; Choi, E.H.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Plasma treatment causes structural modifications in lysozyme, and increases cytotoxicity towards cancer cells			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	International Journal Of Biological Macromolecules	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Biol Macromol
	Volume	182	Issue		Pages	1724-1736
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Lysozyme; Cold atmospheric plasma; Cancer cell death; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	Bacterial and mammalian proteins, such as lysozyme, are gaining increasing interest as anticancer drugs. This study aims to modify the lysozyme structure using cold atmospheric plasma to boost its cancer cell killing effect. We investigated the structure at acidic and neutral pH using various experimental techniques (circular dichroism, ﬂuorescence, and mass spectrometry) and molecular dynamics simulations. The controlled structural modiﬁcation of lysozyme at neutral pH enhances its activity, while the activity was lost at acidic pH at the same treatment conditions. Indeed, a larger number of amino acids were oxidized at acidic pH after plasma treatment, which results in a greater distortion of the lysozyme structure, whereas only limited structural changes were observed in lysozyme after plasma treatment at neutral pH. We found that the plasma-treated lysozyme signiﬁcantly induced apoptosis to the cancer cells. Our results reveal that plasma-treated lysozyme could have potential as a new cancer cell killing drug.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000675794700005	Publication Date	2021-05-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0141-8130	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.671	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; We gratefully acknowledge the European H2020 Marie SkłodowskaCurie Actions Individual Fellowship “Anticancer-PAM” within Horizon2020 (grant number 743546). This work was also supported by JSPS-KAKENHI grant number 20K14454. NK thanks to National Research Foundation of Korea under Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF2021R1C1C1013875) of Korean Government. The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UA.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.671
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:178813			Serial	6792
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	Author	Snoeckx, R.; Setareh, M.; Aerts, R.; Simon, P.; Maghari, A.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Influence of N₂ concentration in a CH₄/N₂ dielectric barrier discharge used for CH₄ conversion into H₂			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	International journal of hydrogen energy	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Hydrogen Energ
	Volume	38	Issue	36	Pages	16098-16120
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	We present a combined study of experimental and computational work for a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) used for CH4 conversion into H2. More specifically, we investigated the influence of N2 as an impurity (150,000 ppm) and as additive gas (199%) on the CH4 conversion and H2 yield. For this purpose, a zero-dimensional chemical kinetics model is applied to study the plasma chemistry. The calculated conversions and yields for various gas mixing ratios are compared to the obtained experimental values, and good agreement is achieved. The study reveals the significance of the View the MathML source and View the MathML source metastable states for the CH4 conversion into H2, based on a kinetic analysis of the reaction chemistry.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000327904500027	Publication Date	2013-10-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0360-3199;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.582	Times cited	40	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.582; 2013 IF: 2.930
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:111372			Serial	1642
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	Author	Andersen, J.A.; Christensen, J.M.; Østberg, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Jensen, A.D.
	Title	Plasma-catalytic ammonia decomposition using a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	International Journal Of Hydrogen Energy	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Hydrogen Energ
	Volume	47	Issue	75	Pages	32081-32091
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Plasma-catalytic ammonia decomposition as a method for producing hydrogen was studied in a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor at ambient pressure and a fixed plasma power. The influence of packing the plasma zone with various dielectric materials, typically used as catalyst supports, was examined. At conditions (21 W, 75 Nml/min NH3) where an NH3 conversion of 5% was achieved with plasma alone, an improved decomposition was found when introducing dielectric materials with dielectric constants between 4 and 30. Of the tested materials, MgAl2O4 yielded the highest conversion (15.1%). The particle size (0.3-1.4 mm) of the MgAl2O4 packing was found to have a modest influence on the conversion, which dropped from 15.1% to 12.6% with increasing particle size. Impregnation of MgAl2O4 with different metals was found to decrease the NH3 conversion, with the Ni impregnation still showing an improved conversion (7%) compared to plasma-only. The plasma-assisted ammonia decomposition occurs in the gas phase due to micro-discharges, as evident from a linear correlation between the conversion and the frequency of micro-discharges for both plasma alone and with the various solid packing materials. The primary function of the solid is thus to facilitate the gas phase reaction by assisting the creation of micro-discharges. Lastly, insulation of the reactor to raise the temperature to 230 degrees C in the plasma zone was found to have a negative effect on the conversion, as a change from volume discharges to surface discharges occurred. The study shows that NH3 can be decomposed to provide hydrogen by exposure to a non-thermal plasma, but further developments are needed for it to become an energy efficient technology. (C)2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000865421200012	Publication Date	2022-08-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0360-3199	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.2	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 7.2
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:191512			Serial	7191
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	Author	Bengtson, C.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	The Quest to Quantify Selective and Synergistic Effects of Plasma for Cancer Treatment: Insights from Mathematical Modeling			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	International Journal Of Molecular Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Mol Sci
	Volume	22	Issue	9	Pages	5033
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) and plasma-treated liquids (PTLs) have recently become a promising option for cancer treatment, but the underlying mechanisms of the anti-cancer effect are still to a large extent unknown. Although hydrogen peroxide () has been recognized as the major anti-cancer agent of PTL and may enable selectivity in a certain concentration regime, the co-existence of nitrite can create a synergistic effect. We develop a mathematical model to describe the key species and features of the cellular response toward PTL. From the numerical solutions, we define a number of dependent variables, which represent feasible measures to quantify cell susceptibility in terms of the membrane diffusion rate constant and the intracellular catalase concentration. For each of these dependent variables, we investigate the regimes of selective versus non-selective, and of synergistic versus non-synergistic effect to evaluate their potential role as a measure of cell susceptibility. Our results suggest that the maximal intracellular concentration, which in the selective regime is almost four times greater for the most susceptible cells compared to the most resistant cells, could be used to quantify the cell susceptibility toward exogenous . We believe our theoretical approach brings novelty to the field of plasma oncology, and more broadly, to the field of redox biology, by proposing new ways to quantify the selective and synergistic anti-cancer effect of PTL in terms of inherent cell features.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000650366900001	Publication Date	2021-05-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1422-0067	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.226	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.226
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:178123			Serial	6757
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	Author	Privat-Maldonado, A.; Verloy, R.; Cardenas Delahoz, E.; Lin, A.; Vanlanduit, S.; Smits, E.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Cold Atmospheric Plasma Does Not Affect Stellate Cells Phenotype in Pancreatic Cancer Tissue in Ovo			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	International Journal Of Molecular Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Mol Sci
	Volume	23	Issue	4	Pages	1954
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Center for Oncological Research (CORE)
	Abstract	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a challenging neoplastic disease, mainly due to the development of resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is an alternative technology that can eliminate cancer cells through oxidative damage, as shown in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo. However, how CAP affects the pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), key players in the invasion and metastasis of PDAC, is poorly understood. This study aims to determine the effect of an anti-PDAC CAP treatment on PSCs tissue developed in ovo using mono- and co-cultures of RLT-PSC (PSCs) and Mia PaCa-2 cells (PDAC). We measured tissue reduction upon CAP treatment and mRNA expression of PSC activation markers and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling factors via qRT-PCR. Protein expression of selected markers was confirmed via immunohistochemistry. CAP inhibited growth in Mia PaCa-2 and co-cultured tissue, but its effectiveness was reduced in the latter, which correlates with reduced ki67 levels. CAP did not alter the mRNA expression of PSC activation and ECM remodelling markers. No changes in MMP2 and MMP9 expression were observed in RLT-PSCs, but small changes were observed in Mia PaCa-2 cells. Our findings support the ability of CAP to eliminate PDAC cells, without altering the PSCs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000763630900001	Publication Date	2022-02-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1422-0067	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.6	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors would like to thank Hanne Verswyvel for her support with sample collection from the in ovo model and Peter Ponsaerts for providing the facilities for the microscopy studies.			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.6
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:187155			Serial	7049
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	Author	Zheng, J.; Zhang, H.; Lv, J.; Zhang, M.; Wan, J.; Gerrits, N.; Wu, A.; Lan, B.; Wang, W.; Wang, S.; Tu, X.; Bogaerts, A.; Li, X.
	Title	Enhanced NH₃Synthesis from Air in a Plasma Tandem-Electrocatalysis System Using Plasma-Engraved N-Doped Defective MoS₂			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	JACS Au	Abbreviated Journal	JACS Au
	Volume	3	Issue	5	Pages	1328-1336
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	We have developed a sustainable method to produce NH3 directly from air using a plasma tandem-electrocatalysis system that operates via the N2−NOx−NH3 pathway. To efficiently reduce NO2− to NH3, we propose a novel electrocatalyst consisting of defective N-doped molybdenum sulfide nanosheets on vertical graphene arrays (N-MoS2/VGs). We used a plasma engraving process to form the metallic 1T phase, N doping, and S vacancies in the electrocatalyst simultaneously. Our system exhibited a remarkable NH3 production rate of 7.3 mg h−1 cm−2 at −0.53 V vs RHE, which is almost 100 times higher than the state-of-the-art electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction and more than double that of other hybrid systems. Moreover, a low energy consumption of only 2.4 MJ molNH3−1 was achieved in this study. Density functional theory calculations revealed that S vacancies and doped N atoms play a dominant role in the selective reduction of NO2− to NH3. This study opens up new avenues for efficient NH3 production using cascade systems.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000981779300001	Publication Date	2023-05-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2691-3704	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51976191, 5227060056, 52276214) and the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2018YFE0117300). N.G. was financially supported through an NWO Rubicon Grant (019.202EN.012). X.T. acknowl- edges the support of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/X002713/1).			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:196761			Serial	8792
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.; Goedheer, W.
	Title	Hybrid modeling of a capacitively coupled radio frequency glow discharge in argon: combined Monte Carlo and fluid model			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1999	Publication	Japanese journal of applied physics	Abbreviated Journal	Jpn J Appl Phys
	Volume	38	Issue		Pages	4404-4415
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Kyoto	Editor
	Language		Wos	000082871400032	Publication Date	2002-10-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-4922;1347-4065;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.384	Times cited	45	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.384; 1999 IF: 1.411
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:24922			Serial	1523
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	Author	Kelly, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Nitrogen fixation in an electrode-free microwave plasma			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Joule	Abbreviated Journal	Joule
	Volume	5	Issue	11	Pages	3006-3030
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	Plasma-based gas conversion has great potential for enabling carbon-free fertilizer production powered by renewable electricity. Sustaining an energy-efficient plasma process without eroding the containment vessel is currently a significant challenge, limiting scaling to higher powers and throughputs. Isolation of the plasma from contact with any solid surfaces is an advantage, which both limits energy loss to the walls and prevents material erosion that could lead to disastrous soil contamination. This paper presents highly energy-efficient nitrogen fixation from air into NOx by microwave plasma, with the plasma filament isolated at the center of a quartz tube using a vortex gas flow. NOx production is found to scale very efficiently when increasing both gas flow rate and absorbed power. The lowest energy cost recorded of ~2 MJ/mol, for a total NOx production of ~3.8%, is the lowest reported up to now for atmospheric pressure plasmas.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000723010700018	Publication Date	2021-10-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2542-4351	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We acknowledge financial support by the European Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship ‘‘PENFIX’’ within Horizon 2020 (grant no. 838181), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Centre VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. We thank Dr. Waldo Bongers and Dr. Floran Peeters of the DIFFER institute for their help and advice in the initial phase of the project, as well as Mr. Luc van‘t Dack, Dr. Karen Leyssens and Ing. Karel Venken for their technical assistance. We thank Dr. Klaus Werner, executive director of the RF Energy Alliance, for his extensive expertise and helpful discourse regarding solid-state MW technology.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:184250			Serial	6835
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