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	Author	Van Tendeloo, M.; Bundervoet, B.; Carlier, N.; Van Beeck, W.; Mollen, H.; Lebeer, S.; Colsen, J.; Vlaeminck, S.E.
	Title	Piloting carbon-lean nitrogen removal for energy-autonomous sewage treatment			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Environmental Science-Water Research & Technology	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci-Wat Res
	Volume	7	Issue	12	Pages	2268-2281
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Energy-autonomous sewage treatment can be achieved if nitrogen (N) removal does not rely on organic carbon (∼chemical oxygen demand, COD), so that a maximum of the COD can be redirected to energy recovery. Shortcut N removal technologies such as partial nitritation/anammox and nitritation/denitritation are therefore essential, enabling carbon- and energy-lean nitrogen removal. In this study, a novel three-reactor pilot design was tested and consisted of a denitrification, an intermittent aeration, and an anammox tank. A vibrating sieve was added for differential sludge retention time (SRT) control. The 13 m3 pilot was operated on pre-treated sewage (A-stage effluent) at 12–24 °C. Selective suppression of unwanted nitrite-oxidizing bacteria over aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria was achieved with strict floccular SRT management combined with innovative aeration control, resulting in a minimal nitrate production ratio of 17 ± 10%. Additionally, anoxic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AnAOB) activity could be maintained in the reactor for at least 150 days because of long granular SRT management and the anammox tank. Consequently, the COD/N removal ratio of 2.3 ± 0.7 demonstrated shortcut N removal almost three times lower than the currently applied nitrification/denitrification technology. The effluent total N concentrations of 17 ± 3 mg TN per L (at 21 ± 1 °C) and 17 ± 6 mg TN per L (at 15 ± 1 °C) were however too high for application at the sewage treatment plant Nieuwveer (Breda, The Netherlands). Corresponding N removal efficiencies were 52 ± 12% and 37 ± 21%, respectively. Further development should focus on redirecting more nitrite to AnAOB in the B-stage, exploring effluent-polishing options, or cycling nitrate for increased A-stage denitrification.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000714159900001	Publication Date	2021-10-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2053-1400	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	2.817	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.817
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:183347			Serial	8383
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Barbiellini, B.; Kuriplach, J.; Saniz, R.
	Title	Study of rechargeable batteries using advanced spectroscopic and computational techniques			Type	Editorial
	Year	2021	Publication	Condensed Matter	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	3	Pages	26
	Keywords	Editorial; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Improving the efficiency and longevity of energy storage systems based on Li- and Na-ion rechargeable batteries presents a major challenge. The main problems are essentially capacity loss and limited cyclability. These effects are due to a hierarchy of factors spanning various length and time scales, interconnected in a complex manner. As a consequence, and in spite of several decades of research, a proper understanding of the ageing process has remained somewhat elusive. In recent years, however, combinations of advanced spectroscopy techniques and first-principles simulations have been applied with success to tackle this problem. In this Special Issue, we are pleased to present a selection of articles that, by precisely applying these methods, unravel key aspects of the reduction-oxidation reaction and intercalation processes. Furthermore, the approaches presented provide improvements to standard diagnostic and characterisation techniques, enabling the detection of possible Li-ion flow bottlenecks causing the degradation of capacity and cyclability.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000699368400001	Publication Date	2021-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2410-3896	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:181630			Serial	6890
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	Author	Conti, S.; Perali, A.; Peeters, F.M.; Neilson, D.
	Title	Effect of mismatched electron-hole effective masses on superfluidity in double layer solid-state systems			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Condensed Matter	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	2	Pages	14
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	Superfluidity has been predicted and now observed in a number of different electron-hole double-layer semiconductor heterostructures. In some of the heterostructures, such as GaAs and Ge-Si electron-hole double quantum wells, there is a strong mismatch between the electron and hole effective masses. We systematically investigate the sensitivity to unequal masses of the superfluid properties and the self-consistent screening of the electron-hole pairing interaction. We find that the superfluid properties are insensitive to mass imbalance in the low density BEC regime of strongly-coupled boson-like electron-hole pairs. At higher densities, in the BEC-BCS crossover regime of fermionic pairs, we find that mass imbalance between electrons and holes weakens the superfluidity and expands the density range for the BEC-BCS crossover regime. This permits screening to kill the superfluid at a lower density than for equal masses.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000665155800001	Publication Date	2021-04-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2410-3896	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	1	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:179635			Serial	6982
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	Author	Conti, S.; Saberi-Pouya, S.; Perali, A.; Virgilio, M.; Peeters, F.M.; Hamilton, A.R.; Scappucci, G.; Neilson, D.
	Title	Electron-hole superfluidity in strained Si/Ge type II heterojunctions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	npj Quantum Materials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	1	Pages	41
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	Excitons are promising candidates for generating superfluidity and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in solid-state devices, but an enabling material platform with in-built band structure advantages and scaling compatibility with industrial semiconductor technology is lacking. Here we predict that spatially indirect excitons in a lattice-matched strained Si/Ge bilayer embedded into a germanium-rich SiGe crystal would lead to observable mass-imbalanced electron-hole superfluidity and BEC. Holes would be confined in a compressively strained Ge quantum well and electrons in a lattice-matched tensile strained Si quantum well. We envision a device architecture that does not require an insulating barrier at the Si/Ge interface, since this interface offers a type II band alignment. Thus the electrons and holes can be kept very close but strictly separate, strengthening the electron-hole pairing attraction while preventing fast electron-hole recombination. The band alignment also allows a one-step procedure for making independent contacts to the electron and hole layers, overcoming a significant obstacle to device fabrication. We predict superfluidity at experimentally accessible temperatures of a few Kelvin and carrier densities up to similar to 6 x 10(10) cm(-2), while the large imbalance of the electron and hole effective masses can lead to exotic superfluid phases.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000642904200001	Publication Date	2021-04-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2397-4648	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	5	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:178226			Serial	6984
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	Author	Bafekry, A.; Shahrokhi, M.; Shafique, A.; Jappor, H.R.; Fadlallah, M.M.; Stampfl, C.; Ghergherehchi, M.; Mushtaq, M.; Feghhi, S.A.H.; Gogova, D.
	Title	Semiconducting chalcogenide alloys based on the (Ge, Sn, Pb) (S, Se, Te) formula with outstanding properties : a first-principles calculation study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	ACS Omega	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	14	Pages	9433-9441
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	Very recently, a new class of the multicationic and -anionic entropy-stabilized chalcogenide alloys based on the (Ge, Sn, Pb) (S, Se, Te) formula has been successfully fabricated and characterized experimentally [Zihao Deng et al., Chem. Mater. 32, 6070 (2020)]. Motivated by the recent experiment, herein, we perform density functional theory-based first-principles calculations in order to investigate the structural, mechanical, electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties. The calculations of the cohesive energy and elasticity parameters indicate that the alloy is stable. Also, the mechanical study shows that the alloy has a brittle nature. The GeSnPbSSeTe alloy is a semiconductor with a direct band gap of 0.4 eV (0.3 eV using spin-orbit coupling effect). The optical analysis illustrates that the first peak of Im(epsilon) for the GeSnPbSSeTe alloy along all polarization directions is located in the visible range of the spectrum which renders it a promising material for applications in optical and electronic devices. Interestingly, we find an optically anisotropic character of this system which is highly desirable for the design of polarization-sensitive photodetectors. We have accurately predicted the thermoelectric coefficients and have calculated a large power factor value of 3.7 x 10(11) W m(-1) K-2 s(-1) for p-type. The high p-type power factor is originated from the multiple valleys near the valence band maxima. The anisotropic results of the optical and transport properties are related to the specific tetragonal alloy unit cell.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000640649500012	Publication Date	2021-03-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2470-1343	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:178395			Serial	7017
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	Author	Marinov, D.; de Marneffe, J.-F.; Smets, Q.; Arutchelvan, G.; Bal, K.M.; Voronina, E.; Rakhimova, T.; Mankelevich, Y.; El Kazzi, S.; Nalin Mehta, A.; Wyndaele, P.-J.; Heyne, M.H.; Zhang, J.; With, P.C.; Banerjee, S.; Neyts, E.C.; Asselberghs, I.; Lin, D.; De Gendt, S.
	Title	Reactive plasma cleaning and restoration of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	npj 2D Materials and Applications	Abbreviated Journal	npj 2D Mater Appl
	Volume	5	Issue	1	Pages	17
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The cleaning of two-dimensional (2D) materials is an essential step in the fabrication of future devices, leveraging their unique physical, optical, and chemical properties. Part of these emerging 2D materials are transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). So far there is limited understanding of the cleaning of “monolayer” TMD materials. In this study, we report on the use of downstream H<sub>2</sub>plasma to clean the surface of monolayer WS<sub>2</sub>grown by MOCVD. We demonstrate that high-temperature processing is essential, allowing to maximize the removal rate of polymers and to mitigate damage caused to the WS<sub>2</sub>in the form of sulfur vacancies. We show that low temperature in situ carbonyl sulfide (OCS) soak is an efficient way to resulfurize the material, besides high-temperature H<sub>2</sub>S annealing. The cleaning processes and mechanisms elucidated in this work are tested on back-gated field-effect transistors, confirming that transport properties of WS<sub>2</sub>devices can be maintained by the combination of H<sub>2</sub>plasma cleaning and OCS restoration. The low-damage plasma cleaning based on H<sub>2</sub>and OCS is very reproducible, fast (completed in a few minutes) and uses a 300 mm industrial plasma etch system qualified for standard semiconductor pilot production. This process is, therefore, expected to enable the industrial scale-up of 2D-based devices, co-integrated with silicon technology.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000613258900001	Publication Date	2021-01-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2397-7132	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Daniil Marinov has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No 752164. Ekaterina Voronina, Yuri Mankelevitch, and Tatyana Rakhimova are thankful to the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) for financial support (Grant No. 16-12-10361). This study was carried out using the equipment of the shared research facilities of high-performance computing resources at Lomonosov Moscow State University and the computational resources and services of the HPC core facility CalcUA of the University of Antwerp, and VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government. Patrick With gratefully acknowledges imec’s CTO office for financial support during his stay at imec. The authors thank Mr. Surajit Sutar (imec) for his help during sample electrical characterization, and Patrick Verdonck for lab processing. Jean-François de Marneffe thank Prof. Simone Napolitano from the Free University of Brussels for useful discussions on irreversibly adsorbed polymer layers, and Cédric Huyghebaert (imec) for his continuous support in the framework of the Graphene FET Flagship core project. All authors acknowledge the support of imec’s pilot line and materials characterization and analysis (MCA) group, namely Jonathan Ludwig, Stefanie Sergeant, Thomas Nuytten, Olivier Richard, and Thierry Conard. Finally, Daniil Marinov thank Mikhail Krishtab (imec/KU Leuven) for his help in selecting the optimal plasma etch system for this work. Part of this project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 649953.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:175871			Serial	6671
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	Author	Van Alphen, S.; Jardali, F.; Creel, J.; Trenchev, G.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Sustainable gas conversion by gliding arc plasmas: a new modelling approach for reactor design improvement			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Sustainable energy & fuels	Abbreviated Journal	Sustainable Energy Fuels
	Volume	5	Issue	6	Pages	1786-1800
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Research in plasma reactor designs is developing rapidly as plasma technology is gaining increasing interest for sustainable gas conversion applications, like the conversion of greenhouse gases into value-added chemicals and renewable fuels, and fixation of N<sub>2</sub>from air into precursors of mineral fertilizer. As plasma is generated by electric power and can easily be switched on/off, these applications allows for efficient conversion and energy storage of intermittent renewable electricity. In this paper, we present a new comprehensive modelling approach for the design and development of gliding arc plasma reactors, which reveals the fluid dynamics, the arc behaviour and the plasma chemistry by solving a unique combination of five complementary models. This results in a complete description of the plasma process, which allows one to efficiently evaluate the performance of a reactor and indicate possible design improvements before actually building it. We demonstrate the capabilities of this method for an experimentally validated study of plasma-based NO<sub>x</sub>formation in a rotating gliding arc reactor, which is gaining increasing interest as a flexible, electricity-driven alternative for the Haber–Bosch process. The model demonstrates the importance of the vortex flow and the presence of a recirculation zone in the reactor, as well as the formation of hot spots in the plasma near the cathode pin and the anode wall that are responsible for most of the NO<sub>x</sub>formation. The model also reveals the underlying plasma chemistry and the vibrational non-equilibrium that exists due to the fast cooling during each arc rotation. Good agreement with experimental measurements on the studied reactor design proves the predictive capabilities of our modelling approach.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000631643300013	Publication Date	2021-02-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2398-4902	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, GoF9618n ; Vlaamse regering, HBC.2019.0107 ; European Research Council, 810182 ; This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWOFNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), the 1798 \| Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2021, 5, 1786–1800			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:177540			Serial	6745
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	Author	Kelly, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Nitrogen fixation in an electrode-free microwave plasma			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Joule	Abbreviated Journal	Joule
	Volume	5	Issue	11	Pages	3006-3030
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	Plasma-based gas conversion has great potential for enabling carbon-free fertilizer production powered by renewable electricity. Sustaining an energy-efficient plasma process without eroding the containment vessel is currently a significant challenge, limiting scaling to higher powers and throughputs. Isolation of the plasma from contact with any solid surfaces is an advantage, which both limits energy loss to the walls and prevents material erosion that could lead to disastrous soil contamination. This paper presents highly energy-efficient nitrogen fixation from air into NOx by microwave plasma, with the plasma filament isolated at the center of a quartz tube using a vortex gas flow. NOx production is found to scale very efficiently when increasing both gas flow rate and absorbed power. The lowest energy cost recorded of ~2 MJ/mol, for a total NOx production of ~3.8%, is the lowest reported up to now for atmospheric pressure plasmas.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000723010700018	Publication Date	2021-10-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2542-4351	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We acknowledge financial support by the European Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship ‘‘PENFIX’’ within Horizon 2020 (grant no. 838181), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Centre VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. We thank Dr. Waldo Bongers and Dr. Floran Peeters of the DIFFER institute for their help and advice in the initial phase of the project, as well as Mr. Luc van‘t Dack, Dr. Karen Leyssens and Ing. Karel Venken for their technical assistance. We thank Dr. Klaus Werner, executive director of the RF Energy Alliance, for his extensive expertise and helpful discourse regarding solid-state MW technology.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:184250			Serial	6835
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	Author	Psilodimitrakopoulos, S.; Orekhov, A.; Mouchliadis, L.; Jannis, D.; Maragkakis, G.M.; Kourmoulakis, G.; Gauquelin, N.; Kioseoglou, G.; Verbeeck, J.; Stratakis, E.
	Title	Optical versus electron diffraction imaging of Twist-angle in 2D transition metal dichalcogenide bilayers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	npj 2D Materials and Applications	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue	1	Pages	77
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials can be vertically stacked with van der Waals bonds, which enable interlayer coupling. In the particular case of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) bilayers, the relative direction between the two monolayers, coined as twist-angle, modifies the crystal symmetry and creates a superlattice with exciting properties. Here, we demonstrate an all-optical method for pixel-by-pixel mapping of the twist-angle with a resolution of 0.55(degrees), via polarization-resolved second harmonic generation (P-SHG) microscopy and we compare it with four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM). It is found that the twist-angle imaging of WS2 bilayers, using the P-SHG technique is in excellent agreement with that obtained using electron diffraction. The main advantages of the optical approach are that the characterization is performed on the same substrate that the device is created on and that it is three orders of magnitude faster than the 4D STEM. We envisage that the optical P-SHG imaging could become the gold standard for the quality examination of TMD superlattice-based devices.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000694849200001	Publication Date	2021-09-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2397-7132	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	4	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This research has been co-financed by the European Union and Greek national funds through the Operational Program Competitiveness, Entrepreneurship and Innovation, under the call European R & T Cooperation-Grant Act of Hellenic Institutions that have successfully participated in Joint Calls for Proposals of European Networks ERA NETS (National project code: GRAPH-EYE T8 Epsilon Rho Alpha 2-00009 and European code: 26632, FLAGERA). L.M., G.Ko. and G.Ki. acknowledge funding by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation (H.F.R.I.) under the “First Call for H.F.R.I. Research Projects to support Faculty members and Researchers and the procurement of high-cost research equipment grant” (Project No: HFRI-FM17-3034). GKi, S.P. and G.M.M. acknowledge funding from a research co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund-ESF) through the Operational Programme “Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning 2014-2020” in the context of the project “Crystal quality control of two-dimensional materials and their heterostructures via imaging of their non-linear optical properties” (MIS 5050340)“. J.V acknowledges funding from FWO G093417N ('Compressed sensing enabling low dose imaging in transmission electron microscopy') from the Flanders Research Fund, EU. J.V. and N.G. acknowledge funding from the European Union under the Horizon 2020 programme within a contract for Integrating Activities for Advanced Communities No 823717-ESTEEM3. J.V. N.G. and A.O. acknowledge funding through a GOA project ”Solarpaint" of the University of Antwerp.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:181610			Serial	6877
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	Author	Tiwari, S.; Van de Put, M.L.; Sorée, B.; Vandenberghe, W.G.
	Title	Magnetic order and critical temperature of substitutionally doped transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	npj 2D Materials and Applications	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue	1	Pages	54
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	Using first-principles calculations, we investigate the magnetic order in two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal-dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers: MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WSe2, and WS2 substitutionally doped with period four transition-metals (Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni). We uncover five distinct magnetically ordered states among the 35 distinct TMD-dopant pairs: the non-magnetic (NM), the ferromagnetic with out-of-plane spin polarization (Z FM), the out-of-plane polarized clustered FMs (clustered Z FM), the in-plane polarized FMs (X-Y FM), and the anti-ferromagnetic (AFM) state. Ni and Ti dopants result in an NM state for all considered TMDs, while Cr dopants result in an anti-ferromagnetically ordered state for all the TMDs. Most remarkably, we find that Fe, Mn, Co, and V result in an FM ordered state for all the TMDs, except for MoTe2. Finally, we show that V-doped MoSe2 and WSe2, and Mn-doped MoS2, are the most suitable candidates for realizing a room-temperature FM at a 16-18% atomic substitution.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000650635200004	Publication Date	2021-05-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2397-7132	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:179063			Serial	7001
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	Author	McLachlan, G.; Majdak, P.; Reijniers, J.; Peremans, H.
	Title	Towards modelling active sound localisation based on Bayesian inference in a static environment			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Acta Acustica	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue		Pages	45
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	Over the decades, Bayesian statistical inference has become a staple technique for modelling human multisensory perception. Many studies have successfully shown how sensory and prior information can be combined to optimally interpret our environment. Because of the multiple sound localisation cues available in the binaural signal, sound localisation models based on Bayesian inference are a promising way of explaining behavioural human data. An interesting aspect is the consideration of dynamic localisation cues obtained through self-motion. Here we provide a review of the recent developments in modelling dynamic sound localisation with a particular focus on Bayesian inference. Further, we describe a theoretical Bayesian framework capable to model dynamic and active listening situations in humans in a static auditory environment. In order to demonstrate its potential in future implementations, we provide results from two examples of simplified versions of that framework.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000709050000001	Publication Date	2021-10-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:182453			Serial	7035
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	Author	Shi, W.; Pandey, T.; Lindsay, L.; Woods, L.M.
	Title	Vibrational properties and thermal transport in quaternary chalcogenides : the case of Te-based compositions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Physical review materials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue	4	Pages	045401
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	Vibrational thermal properties of CuZn2InTe4, AgZn2InTe4, and Cu2CdSnTe4, derived from binary II-VI zinc-blendes, are reported based on first-principles calculations. While the chalcogenide atoms in these materials have the same lattice positions, the cation atom arrangements vary, resulting in different crystal symmetries and subsequent properties. The compositional differences have important effects on the vibrational thermal characteristics of the studied materials, which demonstrate that low-frequency optical phonons hybridize with acoustic phonons and lead to enhanced phonon-phonon scattering and low lattice thermal conductivities. The phonon density of states, mode Gruneisen parameters, and phonon scattering rates are also calculated, enabling deeper insight into the microscopic thermal conduction processes in these materials. Compositional variations drive differences among the three materials considered here; nonetheless, their structural similarities and generally low thermal conductivities (0.5-4 W/mK at room temperature) suggest that other similar II-VI zinc-blende derived materials will also exhibit similarly low values, as also corroborated by experimental data. This, combined with the versatility in designing a variety of motifs on the overall structure, makes quaternary chalcogenides interesting for thermal management and energy conversion applications that require low thermal conductivity.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000655931400005	Publication Date	2021-04-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2475-9953	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:179140			Serial	7045
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	Author	Herzog, M.J.; Gauquelin, N.; Esken, D.; Verbeeck, J.; Janek, J.
	Title	Increased Performance Improvement of Lithium-Ion Batteries by Dry Powder Coating of High-Nickel NMC with Nanostructured Fumed Ternary Lithium Metal Oxides			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	ACS applied energy materials	Abbreviated Journal	ACS Appl. Energy Mater.
	Volume	4	Issue	9	Pages	8832-8848
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Dry powder coating is an effective approach to protect the surfaces of layered cathode active materials (CAMs) in lithium-ion batteries. Previous investigations indicate an incorporation of lithium ions in fumed Al2O3, ZrO2, and TiO2 coatings on LiNi0.7Mn0.15Co0.15O2 during cycling, improving the cycling performance. Here, this coating approach is transferred for the first time to fumed ternary LiAlO2, Li4Zr3O8, and Li4Ti5O12 and directly compared with their lithium-free equivalents. All materials could be processed equally and their nanostructured small aggregates accumulate on the CAM surfaces to quite homogeneous coating layers with a certain porosity. The LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) coated with lithium-containing materials shows an enhanced improvement in overall capacity, capacity retention, rate performance, and polarization behavior during cycling, compared to their lithium-free analogues. The highest rate performance was achieved with the fumed ZrO2 coating, while the best long-term cycling stability with the highest absolute capacity was obtained for the fumed LiAlO2-coated NMC. The optimal coating agent for NMC to achieve a balanced system is fumed Li4Ti5O12, providing a good compromise between high rate capability and good capacity retention. The coating agents prevent CAM particle cracking and degradation in the order LiAlO2 ≈ Al2O3 > Li4Ti5O12 > Li4Zr3O8 > ZrO2 > TiO2. A schematic model for the protection and electrochemical performance enhancement of high-nickel NMC with fumed metal oxide coatings is sketched. It becomes apparent that physical and chemical characteristics of the coating significantly influence the performance of NMC. A high degree of coating-layer porosity is favorable for the rate capability, while a high coverage of the surface, especially in vulnerable grain boundaries, enhances the long-term cycling stability and improves the cracking behavior of NMCs. While zirconium-containing coatings possess the best chemical properties for high rate performances, aluminum-containing coatings feature a superior chemical nature to protect high-nickel NMCs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000703338600018	Publication Date	2021-09-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2574-0962	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	15	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	For his support in scanning electron microscopy analysis, the authors thank Erik Peldszus. N. G. and J. V. acknowledge funding from GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp and from the Flemish Research Fund (FWO) project G0F1320N. The Qu-Ant-EM microscope and the direct electron detector were partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:183949			Serial	6823
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	Author	Abakumov, A.M.; Li, C.; Boev, A.; Aksyonov, D.A.; Savina, A.A.; Abakumova, T.A.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bals, S.
	Title	Grain boundaries as a diffusion-limiting factor in lithium-rich NMC cathodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	ACS applied energy materials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4	Issue	7	Pages	6777-6786
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	High-energy lithium-rich layered transition metal oxides are capable of delivering record electrochemical capacity and energy density as positive electrodes for Li-ion batteries. Their electrochemical behavior is extremely complex due to sophisticated interplay between crystal structure, electronic structure, and defect structure. Here we unravel an extra level of this complexity by revealing that the most typical representative Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 material, prepared by a conventional coprecipitation technique with Na2CO3 as a precipitating agent, contains abundant coherent (001) grain boundaries with a Na-enriched P2-structured block due to segregation of the residual sodium traces. The trigonal prismatic oxygen coordination of Na triggers multiple nanoscale twinning, giving rise to incoherent (104) boundaries. The cationic layers at the (001) grain boundaries are filled with transition metal cations being Mn-depleted and Co-enriched; this makes them virtually not permeable for the Li+ cations, and therefore they negatively influence the Li diffusion in and out of the spherical agglomerates. These results demonstrate that besides the mechanisms intrinsic to the crystal and electronic structure of Li-rich cathodes, their rate capability might also be depreciated by peculiar microstructural aspects. Dedicated engineering of grain boundaries opens a way for improving inherently sluggish kinetics of these materials.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000678382900042	Publication Date	2021-07-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2574-0962	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	4	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We thank Dr. M. V. Berekchiian (MSU) for assisting in ICPMS measurements. We acknowledge Russian Science Foundation (Grant 20-43-01012) and Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen, Project No. G0F1320N) for financial support.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:180556			Serial	6841
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	Author	Raymenants, E.; Bultynck, O.; Wan, D.; Devolder, T.; Garello, K.; Souriau, L.; Thiam, A.; Tsvetanova, D.; Canvel, Y.; Nikonov, D.E.; Young, I.A.; Heyns, M.; Sorée, B.; Asselberghs, I.; Radu, I.; Couet, S.; Nguyen, V.D.
	Title	Nanoscale domain wall devices with magnetic tunnel junction read and write			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Nature Electronics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4	Issue	6	Pages	392-398
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	The manipulation of fast domain wall motion in magnetic nanostructures could form the basis of novel magnetic memory and logic devices. However, current approaches for reading and writing domain walls require external magnetic fields, or are based on conventional magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) that are not compatible with high-speed domain wall motion. Here we report domain wall devices based on perpendicular MTJs that offer electrical read and write, and fast domain wall motion via spin-orbit torque. The devices have a hybrid free layer design that consists of platinum/cobalt (Pt/Co) or a synthetic antiferromagnet (Pt/Co/Ru/Co) into the free layer of conventional MTJs. We show that our devices can achieve good tunnelling magnetoresistance readout and efficient spin-transfer torque writing that is comparable to current magnetic random-access memory technology, as well as domain wall depinning efficiency that is similar to stand-alone materials. We also show that a domain wall conduit based on a synthetic antiferromagnet offers the potential for reliable domain wall motion and faster write speed compared with a device based on Pt/Co. Domain wall devices based on perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions with a hybrid free layer design can offer electrical read and write, and fast domain wall motion driven via spin-orbit torque.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000665011500005	Publication Date	2021-06-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2520-1131	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:179673			Serial	7003
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	Author	Bizindavyi, J.; Verhulst, A.S.; Sorée, B.; Vandenberghe, W.G.
	Title	Thermodynamic equilibrium theory revealing increased hysteresis in ferroelectric field-effect transistors with free charge accumulation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Communications Physics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4	Issue	1	Pages	86
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	At the core of the theoretical framework of the ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET) is the thermodynamic principle that one can determine the equilibrium behavior of ferroelectric (FERRO) systems using the appropriate thermodynamic potential. In literature, it is often implicitly assumed, without formal justification, that the Gibbs free energy is the appropriate potential and that the impact of free charge accumulation can be neglected. In this Article, we first formally demonstrate that the Grand Potential is the appropriate thermodynamic potential to analyze the equilibrium behavior of perfectly coherent and uniform FERRO-systems. We demonstrate that the Grand Potential only reduces to the Gibbs free energy for perfectly non-conductive FERRO-systems. Consequently, the Grand Potential is always required for free charge-conducting FERRO-systems. We demonstrate that free charge accumulation at the FERRO interface increases the hysteretic device characteristics. Lastly, a theoretical best-case upper limit for the interface defect density D-FI is identified. The ferroelectric field-effect transistor, which has attracted much attention for application as both a highly energy-efficient logic device and a non-volatile memory device, has often been studied within the framework of equilibrium thermodynamics. Here, the authors theoretically demonstrate the importance of utilizing the correct thermodynamic potential and investigate the impact of free charge accumulation on the equilibrium performance of ferroelectric-based systems.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000645913400001	Publication Date	2021-04-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2399-3650	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:179005			Serial	7031
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	Author	Yildiz, A.; Chouki, T.; Atli, A.; Harb, M.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Ninakanti, R.; Emin, S.
	Title	Efficient iron phosphide catalyst as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	ACS applied energy materials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4	Issue	10	Pages	10618-10626
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Developing an efficient material as a counter electrode (CE) with excellent catalytic activity, intrinsic stability, and low cost is essential for the commercial application of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Transition metal phosphides have been demonstrated as outstanding multifunctional catalysts in a broad range of energy conversion technologies. Here, we exploited different phases of iron phosphide as CEs in DSSCs with an I–/I3–-based electrolyte. Solvothermal synthesis using a triphenylphosphine precursor as a phosphorus source allows to grow a Fe2P phase at 300 °C and a FeP phase at 350 °C. The obtained iron phosphide catalysts were coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates and heat-treated at 450 °C under an inert gas atmosphere. The solar-to-current conversion efficiency of the solar cells assembled with the Fe2P material reached 3.96 ± 0.06%, which is comparable to the device assembled with a platinum (Pt) CE. DFT calculations support the experimental observations and explain the fundamental origin behind the improved performance of Fe2P compared to FeP. These results indicate that the Fe2P catalyst exhibits excellent performance along with desired stability to be deployed as an efficient Pt-free alternative in DSSCs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000711236300022	Publication Date	2021-10-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2574-0962	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:181953			Serial	7853
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	Author	van der Jeught, S.; Muyshondt, P.G.G.; Lobato, I.
	Title	Optimized loss function in deep learning profilometry for improved prediction performance			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	JPhys Photonics	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	3	Issue	2	Pages	024014
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Single-shot structured light profilometry (SLP) aims at reconstructing the 3D height map of an object from a single deformed fringe pattern and has long been the ultimate goal in fringe projection profilometry. Recently, deep learning was introduced into SLP setups to replace the task-specific algorithm of fringe demodulation with a dedicated neural network. Research on deep learning-based profilometry has made considerable progress in a short amount of time due to the rapid development of general neural network strategies and to the transferrable nature of deep learning techniques to a wide array of application fields. The selection of the employed loss function has received very little to no attention in the recently reported deep learning-based SLP setups. In this paper, we demonstrate the significant impact of loss function selection on height map prediction accuracy, we evaluate the performance of a range of commonly used loss functions and we propose a new mixed gradient loss function that yields a higher 3D surface reconstruction accuracy than any previously used loss functions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000641030000001	Publication Date	2021-03-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2515-7647	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:178171			Serial	6797
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	Author	Tiwari, S.; Vanherck, J.; Van de Put, M.L.; Vandenberghe, W.G.; Sorée, B.
	Title	Computing Curie temperature of two-dimensional ferromagnets in the presence of exchange anisotropy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Physical review research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	3	Issue	4	Pages	043024
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	We compare three first-principles methods of calculating the Curie temperature in two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials (FM), modeled using the Heisenberg model, and propose a simple formula for estimating the Curie temperature with high accuracy that works for all common 2D lattice types. First, we study the effect of exchange anisotropy on the Curie temperature calculated using the Monte Carlo (MC), the Green's function, and the renormalized spin-wave (RNSW) methods. We find that the Green's function method overestimates the Curie temperature in high-anisotropy regimes compared to the MC method, whereas the RNSW method underestimates the Curie temperature compared to the MC and the Green's function methods. Next, we propose a closed-form formula for calculating the Curie temperature of 2D FMs, which provides an estimate of the Curie temperature that is greatly improved over the mean-field expression for magnetic material screening. We apply the closed-form formula to predict the Curie temperature 2D magnets screened from the C2DB database and discover several high Curie temperature FMs, with Fe2F2 and MoI2 emerging as the most promising 2D ferromagnets. Finally, by comparing to experimental results for CrI3, CrCl3, and CrBr3, we conclude that for small effective anisotropies, the Green's-function-based equations are preferable, while for larger anisotropies, MC-based results are more predictive.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000707506500001	Publication Date	2021-10-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:182522			Serial	6975
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	Author	Aucar Boidi, N.; Fernández García, H.; Nunez-Fernandez, Y.; Hallberg, K.
	Title	In-gap band in the one-dimensional two-orbital Kanamori-Hubbard model with interorbital Coulomb interaction			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Physical review research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	3	Issue	4	Pages	043213
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
	Abstract	We study the electronic spectral properties at zero temperature of the one-dimensional (1D) version of the degenerate two-orbital Kanamori-Hubbard model, one of the well-established frameworks to study transition metal compounds, using state-of-the-art numerical techniques based on the density matrix renormalization group. While the system is Mott insulating for the half-filled case, as expected for an interacting 1D system, we find interesting and rich structures in the single-particle density of states (DOS) for the hole-doped system. In particular, we find the existence of in-gap states which are pulled down to lower energies from the upper Hubbard band with increasing the interorbital Coulomb interaction V. We analyze the composition of the DOS by projecting it onto different local excitations, and we observe that for large dopings these in-gap excitations are formed mainly by interorbital holon-doublon (HD) states and their energies follow approximately the HD states in the atomic limit. We observe that the Hund interaction J increases the width of the in-gap band, as expected from the two-particle fluctuations in the Hamiltonian. The observation of a finite density of states within the gap between the Hubbard bands for this extended 1D model indicates that these systems present a rich excitation spectra which could help us understand the microscopic physics behind multiorbital compounds.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000736651500002	Publication Date	2021-12-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:184836			Serial	8073
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	Author	Felipe Montiel, N.; Parrilla, M.; Beltrán, V.; Nuyts, G.; Van Durme, F.; De Wael, K.
	Title	The opportunity of 6-monoacetylmorphine to selectively detect heroin at preanodized screen printed electrodes			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Talanta	Abbreviated Journal	Talanta
	Volume		Issue		Pages	122005
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation (AXES) ;
	Abstract	The illicit consumption of heroin is an increasing concern in our society. For this reason, rapid analytical methods to seize heroin samples in the field are of paramount importance to hinder drug trafficking, and thus prevent the availability of heroin in the drug market. The present work reports on the enriched electrochemical fingerprint of heroin, allowing its selective detection in street samples, based on the use of electrochemical pretreated screen printed electrodes (p-SPE). The voltammetric identification is built on two oxidation peaks of both heroin and its degradation product 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), generated in alkaline conditions. Interestingly, an anodic pretreatment of the screen printed electrodes (SPE) shifts the peak potential of paracetamol (the most encountered cutting agent in heroin seizures), allowing the detection of 6-MAM peak, overlapping with the paracetamol signal in the case of untreated SPE. Subsequently, the characterization of the p-SPE with scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is provided to demonstrate local changes on the surface of the electrode. From an analytical perspective, p-SPE provide higher sensitivity (0.019 μA μM-1), excellent reproducibility (6-MAM, RSD = 2.85%, and heroin RSD = 0.91%, n = 5) and lower limits of detection (LOD) (5.2 μM) in comparison to untreated SPE. The proposed protocol which integrates a tailor-made script is interrogated against common cutting agents, and finally, validated with the screening of 14 street samples, also analyzed by standard methods. Besides, a comparison with portable spectroscopic techniques on the confiscated samples shows the better performance of the electrochemical strategy. Overall, this sensing approach offers promising results for the rapid on-site profiling of suspicious heroin samples, also in the presence of paracetamol.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000656959000033	Publication Date	2021-01-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0039-9140	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.162	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the grant agreement No 833787, BorderSens. The authors acknowledge financial support from the University of Antwerp (IOF).			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.162
	Call Number	AXES @ axes @c:irua:174844			Serial	6663
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	Author	Van Hoecke, L.; Laffineur, L.; Campe, R.; Perreault, P.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Challenges in the use of hydrogen for maritime applications			Type	A1 Journal Article;Review article, Hydrogen Production, Hydrogen Storage, Maritime Applications
	Year	2021	Publication	Energy & Environmental Science	Abbreviated Journal	Energ Environ Sci
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article;Review article, Hydrogen Production, Hydrogen Storage, Maritime Applications; Sustainable energy, air and water technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Maritime shipping is a key factor that enables the global economy, however the pressure it exerts on the environment is increasing rapidly. In order to reduce the emissions of harmful greenhouse gasses, the search is on for alternative fuels for the maritime shipping industry. In this work the usefulness of hydrogen and hydrogen carriers is being investigated as a fuel for sea going ships. Due to the low volumetric energy density of hydrogen under standard conditions, the need for efficient storage of this fuel is high. Key processes in the use of hydrogen are discussed, starting with the production of hydrogen from fossil and renewable sources. The focus of this review is different storage methods, and in this work we discuss the storage of hydrogen at high pressure, in liquefied form at cryogenic temperatures and bound to liquid or solid-state carriers. In this work a theoretical introduction to different hydrogen storage methods precedes an analysis of the energy-efficiency and practical storage density of the carriers. In the final section the major challenges and hurdles for the development of hydrogen storage for the maritime industry are discussed. The most likely challenges will be the development of a new bunkering infrastructure and suitable monitoring of the safety to ensure safe operation of these hydrogen carriers on board the ship.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000621101100009	Publication Date	2021-01-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1754-5692	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	29.518	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	For the completion of this work we would like to thank, Compagnie Maritime Belge for initial funding 9 of the research into maritime hydrogen storage and the University of Antwerp for funding of the 10 Doctoral Project that allowed for the completion of this work.			Approved	Most recent IF: 29.518
	Call Number	DuEL @ duel @c:irua:174754			Serial	6668
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	Author	Bagiński, M.; Pedrazo-Tardajos, A.; Altantzis, T.; Tupikowska, M.; Vetter, A.; Tomczyk, E.; Suryadharma, R.N.S.; Pawlak, M.; Andruszkiewicz, A.; Górecka, E.; Pociecha, D.; Rockstuhl, C.; Bals, S.; Lewandowski, W.
	Title	Understanding and Controlling the Crystallization Process in Reconfigurable Plasmonic Superlattices			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Acs Nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume		Issue		Pages	acsnano.0c09746
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	The crystallization of nanomaterials is a primary source of solid-state, photonic structures. Thus, a detailed understanding of this process is of paramount importance for the successful application of photonic nanomaterials in emerging optoelectronic technologies. While colloidal crystallization has been thoroughly studied, for example, with advanced in situ electron microscopy methods, the noncolloidal crystallization (freezing) of nanoparticles (NPs) remains so far unexplored. To fill this gap, in this work, we present proof-of principle experiments decoding a crystallization of reconfigurable assemblies of NPs at a solid state. The chosen material corresponds to an excellent testing bed, as it enables both in situ and ex situ investigation using X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and optical spectroscopy in visible and ultraviolet range (UV−vis) techniques. In particular, ensemble measurements with small-angle XRD highlighted the dependence of the correlation length in the NPs assemblies on the number of heating/cooling cycles and the rate of cooling. Ex situ TEM imaging further supported these results by revealing a dependence of domain size and structure on the sample preparation route and by showing we can control the domain size over 2 orders of magnitude. The application of HAADF-STEM tomography, combined with in situ thermal control, provided three-dimensional single-particle level information on the positional order evolution within assemblies. This combination of real and reciprocal space provides insightful information on the anisotropic, reversibly reconfigurable assemblies of NPs. TEM measurements also highlighted the importance of interfaces in the polydomain structure of nanoparticle solids, allowing us to understand experimentally observed differences in UV−vis extinction spectra of the differently prepared crystallites. Overall, the obtained results show that the combination of in situ heating HAADF-STEM tomography with XRD and ex situ TEM techniques is a powerful approach to study nanoparticle freezing processes and to reveal the crucial impact of disorder in the solid-state aggregates of NPs on their plasmonic properties.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000634569100101	Publication Date	2021-02-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	10	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyzszego, 0112/DIA/2019/48 ; European Commission, 731019 E171000009 (EUSMI) ; Narodowe Centrum Nauki, 2016/21/N/ST5/03356 ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, RO 3640/12-1 ; Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej, First TEAM2016–2/15 ; European Research Council, 815128 (REALNANO) ; sygma;			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:175872			Serial	6673
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	Author	Saniz, R.; Bekaert, J.; Partoens, B.; Lamoen, D.
	Title	First-principles study of defects at Σ3 grain boundaries in CuGaSe2			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Solid State Communications	Abbreviated Journal	Solid State Commun
	Volume		Issue		Pages	114263
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We present a first-principles computational study of cation–Se 3 (112) grain boundaries in CuGaSe. We discuss the structure of these grain boundaries, as well as the effect of native defects and Na impurities on their electronic properties. The formation energies show that the defects will tend to form preferentially at the grain boundaries, rather than in the grain interiors. We find that in Ga-rich growth conditions Cu vacancies as well as Ga at Cu and Cu at Ga antisites are mainly responsible for having the equilibrium Fermi level pinned toward the middle of the gap, resulting in carrier depletion. The Na at Cu impurity in its +1 charge state contributes to this. In Ga-poor growth conditions, on the other hand, the formation energies of Cu vacancies and Ga at Cu antisites are comparatively too high for any significant influence on carrier density or on the equilibrium Fermi level position. Thus, under these conditions, the Cu at Ga antisites give rise to a -type grain boundary. Also, their formation energy is lower than the formation energy of Na at Cu impurities. Thus, the latter will fail to act as a hole barrier preventing recombination at the grain boundary, in contrast to what occurs in CuInSe grain boundaries. We also discuss the effect of the defects on the electronic properties of bulk CuGaSe, which we assume reflect the properties of the grain interiors.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000652668500013	Publication Date	2021-03-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0038-1098	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.554	Times cited	1	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fwo; We acknowledge the financial support of FWO-Vlaanderen, Belgium through project G.0150.13. The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center) and the HPC infrastructure of the University of Antwerp (CalcUA), both funded by FWO-Vlaanderen and the Flemish Government-department EWI.			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.554
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:176544			Serial	6703
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	Author	Berdiyorov, G.R.; Khalilov, U.; Hamoudi, H.; Neyts, E.C.
	Title	Effect of chemical modification on electronic transport properties of carbyne			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Journal Of Computational Electronics	Abbreviated Journal	J Comput Electron
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Using density functional theory in combination with the Green’s functional formalism, we study the effect of surface functionalization on the electronic transport properties of 1D carbon allotrope—carbyne. We found that both hydrogenation and fluorination result in structural changes and semiconducting to metallic transition. Consequently, the current in the functionalization systems increases significantly due to strong delocalization of electronic states along the carbon chain. We also study the electronic transport in partially hydrogenated carbyne and interface structures consisting of pristine and functionalized carbyne. In the latter case, current rectification is obtained in the system with rectification ratio up to 50%. These findings can be useful for developing carbyne-based structures with tunable electronic transport properties.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000617664900001	Publication Date	2021-02-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1569-8025	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.526	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Computational resources were provided by the research computing facilities of Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute. Calculations are also conducted using the Turing HPC infrastructure of the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Centre VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the University of Antwerp. U. Khalilov gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Fund of Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), Belgium, Grant number 12M1315N.			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.526
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:176169			Serial	6708
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	Author	Rivera Julio, J.
	Title	Cálculos ab initio de sistemas 2D y de baja dimensionalidad			Type	Doctoral thesis
	Year	2021	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	137 p.
	Keywords	Doctoral thesis; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:176996			Serial	6718
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	Author	Herzog, M.J.; Gauquelin, N.; Esken, D.; Verbeeck, J.; Janek, J.
	Title	Facile dry coating method of high-nickel cathode material by nanostructured fumed alumina (Al2O3) improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Energy technology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	9	Issue	4	Pages	2100028
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Surface coating is a crucial method to mitigate the aging problem of high-Ni cathode active materials (CAMs). By avoiding the direct contact of the CAM and the electrolyte, side reactions are hindered. Commonly used techniques like wet or ALD coating are time consuming and costly. Therefore, a more cost-effective coating technique is desirable. Herein, a facile and fast dry powder coating process for CAMs with nanostructured fumed metal oxides are reported. As the model case, the coating of high-Ni NMC (LiNi0.7Mn0.15Co0.15O2) by nanostructured fumed Al2O3 is investigated. A high coverage of the CAM surface with an almost continuous coating layer is achieved, still showing some porosity. Electrochemical evaluation shows a significant increase in capacity retention, cycle life and rate performance of the coated NMC material. The coating layer protects the surface of the CAM successfully and prevents side reactions, resulting in reduced solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and charge transfer impedance during cycling. A mechanism on how the coating layer enhances the cycling performance is hypothesized. The stable coating layer effectively prevents crack formation and particle disintegration of the NMC. In depth analysis indicates partial formation of LixAl2O3/LiAlO2 in the coating layer during cycling, enhancing lithium ion diffusivity and thus, also the rate performance.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000621000700001	Publication Date	2021-01-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2194-4296; 2194-4288	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	25	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors would like to thank Erik Peldszus and Steve Rienecker for the support with scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. The Qu-Ant-EM microscope and the direct electron detector were partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. N.G. and J.V. acknowledge funding from GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp. Funding from the Flemish Research Fund (FWO) project G0F1320N is acknowledged.; Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:176670			Serial	6724
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	Author	Freund, R.; Canossa, S.; Cohen, S.M.; Yan, W.; Deng, H.; Guillerm, V.; Eddaoudi, M.; Madden, D.G.; Fairen-Jimenez, D.; Lyu, H.; Macreadie, L.K.; Ji, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, B.; Haase, F.; Wöll, C.; Zaremba, O.; Andreo, J.; Wuttke, S.; Diercks, C.S.
	Title	25 years of Reticular Chemistry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Angewandte Chemie-International Edition	Abbreviated Journal	Angew Chem Int Edit
	Volume		Issue		Pages	anie.202101644
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	At its core, reticular chemistry has translated the precision and expertise of organic and inorganic synthesis to the solid state. While initial excitement over metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) was undoubtedly fueled by their unprecedented porosity and surface areas, the most profound scientific innovation of the field has been the elaboration of design strategies for the synthesis of extended crystalline solids through strong directional bonds. In this contribution we highlight the different classes of reticular materials that have been developed, how these frameworks can be functionalized and how complexity can be introduced into their backbones. Finally, we show how the structural control over these materials is being extended from the molecular scale to their crystal morphology and shape on the nanoscale, all the way to their shaping on the bulk scale.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000672037800001	Publication Date	2021-03-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1433-7851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11.994	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 11.994
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:177778			Serial	6743
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	Author	González‐Rubio, G.; Díaz‐Núñez, P.; Albrecht, W.; Manzaneda‐González, V.; Bañares, L.; Rivera, A.; Liz‐Marzán, L.M.; Peña‐Rodríguez, O.; Bals, S.; Guerrero‐Martínez, A.
	Title	Controlled Alloying of Au@Ag Core–Shell Nanorods Induced by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Advanced Optical Materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Opt Mater
	Volume		Issue		Pages	2002134
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000625964300001	Publication Date	2021-03-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2195-1071	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.875	Times cited	10	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	G.G.‐R., P.D.‐N., and W.A. contributed equally to this work. This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MICIU) (Grant Nos. RTI2018‐095844‐B‐I00, PID2019‐105325RB, and PGC2018‐096444‐B‐I00), the Madrid Regional Government (Grant Nos. P2018/NMT‐4389 and S2018/EMT‐4437), and the EUROfusion Consortium (grant ENR‐IFE19.CCFE‐01). This work was supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) Action TUMIEE (Grant No. CA17126). S.B. and W.A. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program (ERC Consolidator Grant No. 815128 – REALNANO). All the authors acknowledge funding from the European Commission (Grant No. E180900184‐EUSMI). G.G.‐R. thanks the Spanish MICIU for an FPI (Grant No. BES‐2014‐068972) fellowship. W.A. acknowledges an Individual Fellowship from the Marie Sklodowska‐Curie actions (MSCA) under the EU's Horizon 2020 Program (Grant No. 797153, SOPMEN). The facilities provided by the Center for Ultrafast Laser of Complutense University of Madrid are gratefully acknowledged. The authors also acknowledge the computer resources and technical assistance provided by CESVIMA (UPM).; sygmaSB			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.875
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:177586			Serial	6758
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	Author	MacArthur, K.E.; Yankovich, A.B.; Béché, A.; Luysberg, M.; Brown, H.G.; Findlay, S.D.; Heggen, M.; Allen, L.J.
	Title	Optimizing Experimental Conditions for Accurate Quantitative Energy-Dispersive X-ray Analysis of Interfaces at the Atomic Scale			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Microscopy And Microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-15
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The invention of silicon drift detectors has resulted in an unprecedented improvement in detection efficiency for energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy in the scanning transmission electron microscope. The result is numerous beautiful atomic-scale maps, which provide insights into the internal structure of a variety of materials. However, the task still remains to understand exactly where the X-ray signal comes from and how accurately it can be quantified. Unfortunately, when crystals are aligned with a low-order zone axis parallel to the incident beam direction, as is necessary for atomic-resolution imaging, the electron beam channels. When the beam becomes localized in this way, the relationship between the concentration of a particular element and its spectroscopic X-ray signal is generally nonlinear. Here, we discuss the combined effect of both spatial integration and sample tilt for ameliorating the effects of channeling and improving the accuracy of EDX quantification. Both simulations and experimental results will be presented for a perovskite-based oxide interface. We examine how the scattering and spreading of the electron beam can lead to erroneous interpretation of interface compositions, and what approaches can be made to improve our understanding of the underlying atomic structure.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000664532400007	Publication Date	2021-04-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors would like to thank Jürgen Schubert for helping to supply the sample and valuable discussions on the topic. K. E. MacArthur and M. Heggen acknowledge the Helmholtz Funding agency and the DFG (grant number HE 7192/1-2) for their financial support of this work. L. J. Allen acknowledges the support of the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation. This research was supported under the Discovery Projects funding scheme of the Australian Research Council (Projects DP140102538 and FT190100619). K.E. MacArthur, A.B. Yankovich and A. Béché acknowledge support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research innovation program under grant agreement No. 823717 – ESTEEM3. A.B. Yankovich also acknowledges support from the Materials Science Area of Advance at Chalmers and the Swedish Research Council (VR, under grant No: 2020-04986).; esteem3TA; esteem3reported			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:178129			Serial	6760
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