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	Author	Amini, M.N.; Altantzis, T.; Lobato, I.; Grzelczak, M.; Sánchez-Iglesias, A.; Van Aert, S.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Partoens, B.; Bals, S.; Neyts, E.C.
	Title	Understanding the Effect of Iodide Ions on the Morphology of Gold Nanorods			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Particle and particle systems characterization	Abbreviated Journal	Part Part Syst Char
	Volume	35	Issue	35	Pages	1800051
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The presence of iodide ions during the growth of gold nanorods strongly affects the shape of the final products, which is proposed to be due to selective iodide adsorption on certain crystallographic facets. Therefore, a detailed structural and morphological characterization of the starting rods is crucial toward understanding this effect. Electron tomography is used to determine the crystallographic indices of the lateral facets of gold nanorods, as well as those present at the tips. Based on this information, density functional theory calculations are used to determine the surface and interface energies of the observed facets and provide insight into the relationship between the amount of iodide ions in the growth solution and the final morphology of anisotropic gold nanoparticles.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000441893400002	Publication Date	2018-06-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0934-0866	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.474	Times cited	6	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work was supported by the European Research Council (grant 335078 COLOURATOM to S.B.). T.A., S.V.A. S.B. and E.C.N., acknowledge funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium), through project funding (G.0218.14N and G.0369.15N) and a postdoctoral grant to T.A. L.M.L.-M. and M.G. acknowledge funding from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant MAT2013-46101-R). Mozhgan N. Amini and Thomas Altantzis contributed equally to this work. (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot); ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.474
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:152998UA @ admin @ c:irua:152998			Serial	5010
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	Author	Arenas Esteban, D.; Pacquets, L.; Choukroun, D.; Hoekx, S.; Kadu, A.A.; Schalck, J.; Daems, N.; Breugelmans, T.; Bals, S.
	Title	3D characterization of the structural transformation undergone by Cu@Ag core-shell nanoparticles following CO₂ reduction reaction			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	35	Issue	17	Pages	6682-6691
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	The increasing use of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) is significantly advancing the field of electrocatalysis. In particular, Cu/Ag bimetallic interfaces are widely used to enhance the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO(2)RR) toward CO and, more recently, C-2 products. However, drastic changes in the product distribution and performance when Cu@Ag core-shell configurations are used can often be observed under electrochemical reaction conditions, especially during the first few minutes of the reaction. Possible structural changes that generate these observations remain underexplored; therefore, the structure-property relationship is hardly understood. In this study, we use electron tomography to investigate the structural transformation mechanism of Cu@Ag core-shells NPs during the critical first minutes of the eCO(2)RR. In this manner, we found that the crystallinity of the Cu seed determines whether the formation of a complete and homogeneous Ag shell is possible. Moreover, by tracking the particles' transformations, we conclude that modifications of the Cu-Ag interface and Cu2O enrichment at the surface of the NPs are key factors contributing to the product generation changes. These insights provide a better understanding of how bimetallic core-shell NPs transform under electrochemical conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001061530700001	Publication Date	2023-08-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0897-4756; 1520-5002	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.6	Times cited	1	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	L.P. was supported through a PhD fellowship for strategicbasic research (1S56920N) of the Research Foundation – Flanders(FWO). S.H. was supported through a PhD fellowship for strategic basicresearch (1S42623N) of the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO).S.B., D.A.E., and A.A.K. acknowledge financial support from ERC Consolidator Grant Number 815128 REALNANO. This research was financed by the researchcouncil of the University of Antwerp (BOF-GOA 33928).			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.6; 2023 IF: 9.466
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:199187			Serial	8825
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	Author	Mulder, J.T.T.; Jenkinson, K.; Toso, S.; Prato, M.; Evers, W.H.H.; Bals, S.; Manna, L.; Houtepen, A.J.J.
	Title	Nucleation and growth of bipyramidal Yb:LiYF₄ nanocrystals : growing up in a hot environment			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	35	Issue	14	Pages	5311-5321
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Lanthanide-doped LiYF4 (Ln:YLF) is commonlyused fora broad variety of optical applications, such as lasing, photon upconversionand optical refrigeration. When synthesized as nanocrystals (NCs),this material is also of interest for biological applications andfundamental physical studies. Until now, it was unclear how Ln:YLFNCs grow from their ionic precursors into tetragonal NCs with a well-defined,bipyramidal shape and uniform dopant distribution. Here, we studythe nucleation and growth of ytterbium-doped LiYF4 (Yb:YLF),as a template for general Ln:YLF NC syntheses. We show that the formationof bipyramidal Yb:YLF NCs is a multistep process starting with theformation of amorphous Yb:YLF spheres. Over time, these spheres growvia Ostwald ripening and crystallize, resulting in bipyramidal Yb:YLFNCs. We further show that prolonged heating of the NCs results inthe degradation of the NCs, observed by the presence of large LiFcubes and small, irregular Yb:YLF NCs. Due to the similarity in chemicalnature of all lanthanide ions our work sheds light on the formationstages of Ln:YLF NCs in general.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001021474500001	Publication Date	2023-07-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0897-4756; 1520-5002	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	8.6	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement No. 766900 (Testing the large-scale limit of quantum mechanics). The authors thank Niranjan Saikumar for proof reading the manuscript.			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.6; 2023 IF: 9.466
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:197787			Serial	8907
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	Author	Jenkinson, K.; Spadaro, M.C.; Golovanova, V.; Andreu, T.; Morante, J.R.; Arbiol, J.; Bals, S.
	Title	Direct operando visualization of metal support interactions induced by hydrogen spillover during CO₂ hydrogenation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Advanced materials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	35	Issue	51	Pages	2306447-10
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The understanding of catalyst active sites is a fundamental challenge for the future rational design of optimized and bespoke catalysts. For instance, the partial reduction of Ce4+ surface sites to Ce3+ and the formation of oxygen vacancies are critical for CO2 hydrogenation, CO oxidation, and the water gas shift reaction. Furthermore, metal nanoparticles, the reducible support, and metal support interactions are prone to evolve under reaction conditions; therefore a catalyst structure must be characterized under operando conditions to identify active states and deduce structure-activity relationships. In the present work, temperature-induced morphological and chemical changes in Ni nanoparticle-decorated mesoporous CeO2 by means of in situ quantitative multimode electron tomography and in situ heating electron energy loss spectroscopy, respectively, are investigated. Moreover, operando electron energy loss spectroscopy is employed using a windowed gas cell and reveals the role of Ni-induced hydrogen spillover on active Ce3+ site formation and enhancement of the overall catalytic performance.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001106139400001	Publication Date	2023-10-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0935-9648	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	29.4	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 29.4; 2023 IF: 19.791
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:201143			Serial	9022
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	Author	Manzaneda-Gonzalez, V.; Jenkinson, K.; Pena-Rodriguez, O.; Borrell-Grueiro, O.; Trivino-Sanchez, S.; Banares, L.; Junquera, E.; Espinosa, A.; Gonzalez-Rubio, G.; Bals, S.; Guerrero-Martinez, A.
	Title	From multi- to single-hollow trimetallic nanocrystals by ultrafast heating			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	35	Issue	22	Pages	9603-9612
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Metal nanocrystals (NCs) display unique physicochemical features that are highly dependent on nanoparticle dimensions, anisotropy, structure, and composition. The development of synthesis methodologies that allow us to tune such parameters finely emerges as crucial for the application of metal NCs in catalysis, optical materials, or biomedicine. Here, we describe a synthetic methodology to fabricate hollow multimetallic heterostructures using a combination of seed-mediated growth routes and femtosecond-pulsed laser irradiation. The envisaged methodology relies on the coreduction of Ag and Pd ions on gold nanorods (Au NRs) to form Au@PdAg core-shell nanostructures containing small cavities at the Au-PdAg interface. The excitation of Au@PdAg NRs with low fluence femtosecond pulses was employed to induce the coalescence and growth of large cavities, forming multihollow anisotropic Au@PdAg nanostructures. Moreover, single-hollow alloy AuPdAg could be achieved in high yield by increasing the irradiation energy. Advanced electron microscopy techniques, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) tomography, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, and finite differences in the time domain (FDTD) simulations allowed us to characterize the morphology, structure, and elemental distribution of the irradiated NCs in detail. The ability of the reported synthesis route to fabricate multimetallic NCs with unprecedented hollow nanostructures offers attractive prospects for the fabrication of tailored high-entropy alloy nanoparticles.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001110623500001	Publication Date	2023-11-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0897-4756; 1520-5002	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.6	Times cited	2	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 8.6; 2023 IF: 9.466
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:202144			Serial	9040
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	Author	Zhang, Y.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Understanding CeO₂-Based Nanostructures through Advanced Electron Microscopy in 2D and 3D			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Particle and particle systems characterization	Abbreviated Journal	Part Part Syst Char
	Volume	36	Issue	36	Pages	1800287
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Engineering morphology and size of CeO2-based nanostructures on a (sub)nanometer scale will greatly influence their performance; this is because of their high oxygen storage capacity and unique redox properties, which allow faster switching of the oxidation state between Ce4+ and Ce3+. Although tremendous research has been carried out on the shapecontrolled synthesis of CeO2, the characterization of these nanostructures at the atomic scale remains a major challenge and the origin of debate. The rapid developments of aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM) have pushed the resolution below 1 Å, both in TEM and in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) mode. At present, not only morphology and structure, but also composition and electronic structure can be analyzed at an atomic scale, even in 3D. This review summarizes recent significant achievements using TEM/ STEM and associated spectroscopic techniques to study CeO2-based nanostructures and related catalytic phenomena. Recent results have shed light on the understanding of the different mechanisms. The potential and limitations, including future needs of various techniques, are discussed with recommendations to facilitate further developments of new and highly efficient CeO2-based nanostructures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000455414600012	Publication Date	2018-10-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0934-0866	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.474	Times cited	22	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Y.Z. acknowledges financial support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska- Curie grant agreement no. 665501 through a FWO [PEGASUS]2 Marie Skłodowska-Curie fellowship (12U4917N). S.B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council, ERC grant no. 335078-Colouratom. ; ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.474
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @UA @ admin @ c:irua:156391			Serial	5151
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	Author	Cremers, V.; Rampelberg, G.; Baert, K.; Abrahami, S.; Claes, N.; de Oliveira, T.M.; Terryn, H.; Bals, S.; Dendooven, J.; Detavernier, C.
	Title	Corrosion protection of Cu by atomic layer deposition			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films	Abbreviated Journal	J Vac Sci Technol A
	Volume	37	Issue	37	Pages	060902
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a vapor phase technique that is able to deposit uniform, conformal thin films with an excellent thickness control at the atomic scale. 18 nm thick Al2O3 and TiO2 coatings were deposited conformaly and pinhole-free onto micrometer-sized Cu powder, using trimethylaluminum and tetrakis(dimethylamido)titanium(IV), respectively, as a precursor and de-ionized water as a reactant. The capability of the ALD coating to protect the Cu powder against corrosion was investigated. Therefore, the stability of the coatings was studied in solutions with different pH in the range of 0–14, and in situ raman spectroscopy was used to detect the emergence of corrosion products of Cu as an indication that the protective coating starts to fail. Both ALD coatings provide good protection at standard pH values in the range of 5–7. In general, the TiO2 coating shows a better barrier protection against corrosion than the Al2O3 coating. However, for the most extreme pH conditions, pH 0 and pH 14, the TiO2 coating starts also to degrade.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000517925800003	Publication Date	2019-09-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0734-2101	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.374	Times cited	7	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors acknowledge financial support from the Strategic Initiative Materials in Flanders (SIM, SBO-FUNC project) and the Special Research Fund BOF of Ghent University (No. GOA 01G01513). J.D. acknowledges the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen) for a postdoctoral fellowship.			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.374
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:162640			Serial	5361
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	Author	Vanrompay, H.; Buurlage, J.‐W.; Pelt, D.M.; Kumar, V.; Zhuo, X.; Liz‐Marzán, L.M.; Bals, S.; Batenburg, K.J.
	Title	Real‐Time Reconstruction of Arbitrary Slices for Quantitative and In Situ 3D Characterization of Nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Particle & Particle Systems Characterization	Abbreviated Journal	Part Part Syst Char
	Volume	37	Issue	37	Pages	2000073
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A detailed 3D investigation of nanoparticles at a local scale is of great importance to connect their structure and composition to their properties. Electron tomography has therefore become an important tool for the 3D characterization of nanomaterials. 3D investigations typically comprise multiple steps, including acquisition, reconstruction, and analysis/quantification. Usually, the latter two steps are performed offline, at a dedicated workstation. This sequential workflow prevents on-the-fly control of experimental parameters to improve the quality of the 3D reconstruction, to select a relevant nanoparticle for further characterization or to steer an in-situ tomography experiment. Here, we present an efficient approach to overcome these limitations, based on the real-time reconstruction of arbitrary 2D reconstructed slices through a 3D object. Implementation of this method may lead to generalized implementation of electron tomography for routine nanoparticle characterization in 3D.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000536357100001	Publication Date	2020-05-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0934-0866	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.7	Times cited	10	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 1S32617N ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G026718N ; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 639.073.506 016.Veni.192.235 ; H.V. acknowledges financial support by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO grant 1S32617N). S.B acknowledges financial support by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO grant G026718N). Financial support was provided by The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), project numbers 639.073.506 and 016.Veni.192.235. This project received funding as well from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 731019 (EUSMI) and No 815128 (REALNANO). H.V. and J.-W.B contributed equally to this work.; sygma			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.7; 2020 IF: 4.474
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:169704			Serial	6371
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	Author	Pasquini, L.; Sacchi, M.; Brighi, M.; Boelsma, C.; Bals, S.; Perkisas, T.; Dam, B.
	Title	Hydride destabilization in core-shell nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	International journal of hydrogen energy	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Hydrogen Energ
	Volume	39	Issue	5	Pages	2115-2123
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We present a model that describes the effect of elastic constraint on the thermodynamics of hydrogen absorption and desorption in biphasic core-shell nanoparticles, where the core is a hydride forming metal. In particular, the change of the hydride formation enthalpy and of the equilibrium pressure for the metal/hydride transformation are described as a function of nanoparticles radius, shell thickness, and elastic properties of both core and shell. To test the model, the hydrogen sorption isotherms of Mg-MgO core-shell nanoparticles, synthesized by inert gas condensation, were measured by means of optical hydrogenography. The model's predictions are in good agreement with the experimentally determined plateau pressure of hydrogen absorption. The features that a core-shell systems should exhibit in view of practical hydrogen storage applications are discussed with reference to the model and the experimental results. Copyright (C) 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000331344800022	Publication Date	2014-01-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0360-3199;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.582	Times cited	32	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	COST Action MP1103			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.582; 2014 IF: 3.313
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115785			Serial	1528
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	Author	Mooij, L.; Perkisas, T.; Palsson, G.; Schreuders, H.; Wolff, M.; Hjorvarsson, B.; Bals, S.; Dam, B.
	Title	The effect of microstructure on the hydrogenation of Mg/Fe thin film multilayers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	International journal of hydrogen energy	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Hydrogen Energ
	Volume	39	Issue	30	Pages	17092-17103
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Nanoconfined magnesium hydride can be simultaneously protected and thermodynamically destabilized when interfaced with materials such as Ti and Fe. We study the hydrogenation of thin layers of Mg (<14 nm) nanoconfined in one dimension within thin film Fe/Mg/Fe/Pd multilayers by the optical technique Hydrogenography. The hydrogenation of nanosized magnesium layers in Fe/Mg/Fe multilayers surprisingly shows the presence of multiple plateau pressures, whose nature is thickness dependent. In contrast, hydrogen desorption occurs via a single plateau which does not depend on the Mg layer thickness. From structural and morphological analyses with X-ray diffraction/reflectometry and cross-section TEM, we find that the Mg layer roughness is large when deposited on Fe and furthermore contains high-angle grain boundaries (GB's). When grown on Ti, the Mg layer roughness is low and no high-angle GB's are detected. From a Ti/Mg/Fe multilayer, in which the Mg layer is flat and has little or no GB's, we conclude that MgH2 is indeed destabilized by the interface with Fe. In this case, both the ab- and desorption plateau pressures are increased by a factor two compared to the hydrogenation of Mg within Ti/Mg/Ti multilayers. We hypothesize that the GB's in the Fe/Mg/Fe multilayer act as diffusion pathways for Pd, which is known to greatly alter the hydrogenation behavior of Mg when the two materials share an interface. Copyright (C) 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000343839000031	Publication Date	2014-09-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0360-3199;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.582	Times cited	15	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	COST Action MP1103			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.582; 2014 IF: 3.313
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:121175			Serial	3575
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	Author	Bals, S.; Goris, B.; de Backer, A.; Van Aert, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Atomic resolution electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	MRS bulletin	Abbreviated Journal	Mrs Bull
	Volume	41	Issue	41	Pages	525-530
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Over the last two decades, three-dimensional (3D) imaging by transmission electron microscopy or “electron tomography” has evolved into a powerful tool to investigate a variety of nanomaterials in different fields, such as life sciences, chemistry, solid-state physics, and materials science. Most of these results were obtained with nanometer-scale resolution, but different approaches have recently pushed the resolution to the atomic level. Such information is a prerequisite to understand the specific relationship between the atomic structure and the physicochemical properties of (nano) materials. We provide an overview of the latest progress in the field of atomic-resolution electron tomography. Different imaging and reconstruction approaches are presented, and state-of-the-art results are discussed. This article demonstrates the power and importance of electron tomography with atomic-scale resolution.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Pittsburgh, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000382508100012	Publication Date	2016-07-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0883-7694	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.199	Times cited	19	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (G.0381.16N, G.036915, G.0374.13, and funding of postdoctoral grants to B.G. and A.D.B.). S.B. acknowledges the European Research Council, ERC Grant Number 335078-Colouratom. The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program under Grant Agreements 312483 (ESTEEM2). The authors would like to thank the colleagues who have contributed to this work, including K.J. Batenburg, J. De Beenhouwer, R. Erni, M.D. Rossell, W. Van den Broek, L. Liz-Marzan, E. Carbo-Argibay, S. Gomez-Grana, P. Lievens, M. Van Bael, B. Partoens, B. Schoeters, and J. Sijbers. ; ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.199
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:135690			Serial	4299
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	Author	Callini, E.; Aguey-Zinsou, K.F.; Ahuja, R.; Ares, J.R.; Bals, S.; Biliškov, N.; Chakraborty, S.; Charalambopoulou, G.; Chaudhary, A.L.; Cuevas, F.; Dam, B.; de Jongh, P.; Dornheim, M.; Filinchuk, Y.; Grbović Novaković, J.; Hirscher, M.; Jensen, T.R.; Jensen, P.B.; Novaković, N.; Lai, Q.; Leardini, F.; Gattia, D.M.; Pasquini, L.; Steriotis, T.; Turner, S.; Vegge, T.; Züttel, A.; Montone, A.
	Title	Nanostructured materials for solid-state hydrogen storage : a review of the achievement of COST Action MP1103			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	International journal of hydrogen energy T2 – E-MRS Fall Meeting / Symposium C on Hydrogen Storage in Solids -, Materials, Systems and Aplication Trends, SEP 15-18, 2015, Warsaw, POLAND	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Hydrogen Energ
	Volume	41	Issue	41	Pages	14404-14428
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In the framework of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action MP1103 Nanostructured Materials for Solid-State Hydrogen Storage were synthesized, characterized and modeled. This Action dealt with the state of the art of energy storage and set up a competitive and coordinated network capable to define new and unexplored ways for Solid State Hydrogen Storage by innovative and interdisciplinary research within the European Research Area. An important number of new compounds have been synthesized: metal hydrides, complex hydrides, metal halide ammines and amidoboranes. Tuning the structure from bulk to thin film, nanoparticles and nanoconfined composites improved the hydrogen sorption properties and opened the perspective to new technological applications. Direct imaging of the hydrogenation reactions and in situ measurements under operando conditions have been carried out in these studies. Computational screening methods allowed the prediction of suitable compounds for hydrogen storage and the modeling of the hydrogen sorption reactions on mono-, bi-, and three-dimensional systems. This manuscript presents a review of the main achievements of this Action. (C) 2016 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Pergamon-elsevier science ltd	Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000381950800051	Publication Date	2016-05-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0360-3199	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.582	Times cited	89	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	All the authors greatly thank the COST Action MP1103 for financial support.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.582
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:135723			Serial	4307
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	Author	Leroux, O.; Leroux, F.; Bagniewska-Zadworna,.; Knox, J.P.; Claeys, M.; Bals, S.; Viane, R.L.L.
	Title	Ultrastructure and composition of cell wall appositions in the roots of Asplenium (Polypodiales)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Micron	Abbreviated Journal	Micron
	Volume	42	Issue	8	Pages	863-870
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Cell wall appositions (CWAs), formed by the deposition of extra wall material at the contact site with microbial organisms, are an integral part of the response of plants to microbial challenge. Detailed histological studies of CWAs in fern roots do not exist. Using light and electron microscopy we examined the (ultra)structure of CWAs in the outer layers of roots of Asplenium species. All cell walls studded with CWAs were impregnated with yellow-brown pigments. CWAs had different shapes, ranging from warts to elongated branched structures, as observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructural study further showed that infecting fungi grow intramurally and that they are immobilized by CWAs when attempting to penetrate intracellularly. Immunolabelling experiments using monoclonal antibodies indicated pectic homogalacturonan, xyloglucan, mannan and cellulose in the CWAs, but tests for lignins and callose were negative. We conclude that these appositions are defense-related structures made of a non-lignified polysaccharide matrix on which phenolic compounds are deposited in order to create a barrier protecting the root against infections.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000294942600013	Publication Date	2011-06-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0968-4328;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.98	Times cited	20	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.98; 2011 IF: 1.527
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:92540			Serial	3798
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	Author	Lin, F.; Meng; Kukueva, E.; Altantzis, T.; Mertens, M.; Bals, S.; Cool, P.; Van Doorslaer, S.
	Title	Direct-synthesis method towards copper-containing periodic mesoporous organosilicas : detailed investigation of the copper distribution in the material			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Journal of the Chemical Society : Dalton transactions	Abbreviated Journal	Dalton T
	Volume	44	Issue	44	Pages	9970-9979
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	Three-dimensional cubic Fm (3) over barm mesoporous copper-containing ethane-bridged PMO materials have been prepared through a direct-synthesis method at room temperature in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as surfactant. The obtained materials have been unambiguously characterized in detail by several sophisticated techniques, including XRD, UV-Vis-Dr, TEM, elemental mapping, continuous- wave and pulsed EPR spectroscopy. The results show that at lower copper loading, the Cu2+ species are well dispersed in the Cu-PMO materials, and mainly exist as mononuclear Cu2+ species. At higher copper loading amount, Cu2+ clusters are observed in the materials, but the distribution of the Cu2+ species is still much better in the Cu-PMO materials prepared through the direct-synthesis method than in a Cu-containing PMO material prepared through an impregnation method. Moreover, the evolution of the copper incorporation during the PMO synthesis has been followed by EPR. The results show that the immobilization of the Cu2+ ion/complex and the formation of the PMO materials are taking place simultaneously. The copper ions are found to be situated on the inner surface of the mesopores of the materials and are accessible, which will be beneficial for the catalytic applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000355000700028	Publication Date	2015-04-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1477-9226;1477-9234;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.029	Times cited	11	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Goa-Bof; 335078 Colouratom; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.029; 2015 IF: 4.197
	Call Number	c:irua:126422			Serial	725
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	Author	Boschker, H.; Huijben, M.; Vailinois, A.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Aert, S.; Luysberg, M.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Houwman, E.P.; Koster, G.; Blank, D.H.A.; Rijnders, G.
	Title	Optimized fabrication of high-quality La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ thin films considering all essential characteristics			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of physics: D: applied physics	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys D Appl Phys
	Volume	44	Issue	20	Pages	205001-205001,9
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In this paper, an overview of the fabrication and properties of high-quality La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) thin films is given. A high-quality LSMO film combines a smooth surface morphology with a large magnetization and a small residual resistivity, while avoiding precipitates and surface segregation. In the literature, typically only a few of these issues are adressed. We therefore present a thorough characterization of our films, which were grown by pulsed laser deposition. The films were characterized with reflection high energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, magnetization and transport measurements, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The films have a saturation magnetization of 4.0 µB/Mn, a Curie temperature of 350 K and a residual resistivity of 60 µΩ cm. These results indicate that high-quality films, combining both large magnetization and small residual resistivity, were realized. A comparison between different samples presented in the literature shows that focussing on a single property is insufficient for the optimization of the deposition process. For high-quality films, all properties have to be adressed. For LSMO devices, the thin-film quality is crucial for the device performance. Therefore, this research is important for the application of LSMO in devices.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000290150900001	Publication Date	2011-04-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-3727;1361-6463;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.588	Times cited	99	Open Access
	Notes	This research was financially supported by the Dutch Science Foundation, by NanoNed, a nanotechnology program of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, and by the NanOxide program of the European Science Foundation. This work is supported in part by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.588; 2011 IF: 2.544
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89557UA @ admin @ c:irua:89557			Serial	2491
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	Author	Abakumov, A.M.; Hadermann, J.; Bals, S.; Nikolaev, I.V.; Antipov, E.V.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Crystallographic shear structures as a route to anion-deficient perovskites			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English	Abbreviated Journal	Angew Chem Int Edit
	Volume	45	Issue	40	Pages	6697-6700
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000241474500022	Publication Date	2006-09-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1433-7851;1521-3773;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11.994	Times cited	62	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 11.994; 2006 IF: 10.232
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:61689			Serial	589
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	Author	Wang, H.; Cuppens, J.; Biermans, E.; Bals, S.; Fernandez-Ballester, L.; Kvashnina, K.O.; Bras, W.; van Bael, M.J.; Temst, K.; Vantomme, A.
	Title	Tuning of the size and the lattice parameter of ion-beam synthesized Pb nanoparticles embedded in Si			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Journal of physics: D: applied physics	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys D Appl Phys
	Volume	45	Issue	3	Pages	035301-035301,7
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The size and lattice constant evolution of Pb nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by high fluence implantation in crystalline Si have been studied with a variety of experimental techniques. Results obtained from small-angle x-ray scattering showed that the Pb NPs grow with increasing implantation fluence and annealing duration. The theory of NP growth kinetics can be applied to qualitatively explain the size evolution of the Pb NPs during the implantation and annealing processes. Moreover, the lattice constant of the Pb NPs was evaluated by conventional x-ray diffraction. The lattice dilatation was observed to decrease with increasing size of the Pb NPs. Such lattice constant tuning can be attributed to the pseudomorphism caused by the lattice mismatch between the Pb NPs and the Si matrix.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000299308400008	Publication Date	2011-12-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-3727;1361-6463;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.588	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.588; 2012 IF: 2.528
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:94208			Serial	3754
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	Author	Bogomolova, A.; Hruby, M.; Panek, J.; Rabyk, M.; Turner, S.; Bals, S.; Steinhart, M.; Zhigunov, A.; Sedlacek, O.; Stepanek, P.; Filippov, S.K.;
	Title	Small-angle X-ray scattering and light scattering study of hybrid nanoparticles composed of thermoresponsive triblock copolymer F127 and thermoresponsive statistical polyoxazolines with hydrophobic moieties			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Journal of applied crystallography	Abbreviated Journal	J Appl Crystallogr
	Volume	46	Issue	6	Pages	1690-1698
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A combination of new thermoresponsive statistical polyoxazolines, poly[(2-butyl-2-oxazoline)-stat-(2-isopropyl-2-oxazoline)] [pBuOx-co-piPrOx], with different hydrophobic moieties and F127 surfactant as a template system for the creation of thermosensitive nanoparticles for radionuclide delivery has recently been tested [Pánek, Filippov, Hrubý, Rabyk, Bogomolova, Kučka Stěpánek (2012). Macromol. Rapid Commun.33, 16831689]. It was shown that the presence of the thermosensitive F127 triblock copolymer in solution reduces nanoparticle size and polydispersity. This article focuses on a determination of the internal structure and solution properties of the nanoparticles in the temperature range from 288 to 312 K. Here, it is demonstrated that below the cloud point temperature (CPT) the polyoxazolines and F127 form complexes that co-exist in solution with single F127 molecules and large aggregates. When the temperature is raised above the CPT, nanoparticles composed of polyoxazolines and F127 are predominant in solution. These nanoparticles could be described by a spherical shell model. It was found that the molar weight and hydrophobicity of the polymer do not influence the size of the outer radius and only slightly change the inner radius of the nanoparticles. At the same time, molar weight and hydrophobicity did affect the process of nanoparticle formation. In conclusion, poly(2-oxazoline) molecules are fully incorporated inside of F127 micelles, and this result is very promising for the successful application of such systems in radionuclide delivery.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Copenhagen	Editor
	Language		Wos	000327070000020	Publication Date	2013-11-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-8898;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes	262348 Esmi; Fwo; Iap-Pai			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:112420			Serial	3042
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	Author	Quintana, M.; Grzelczak, M.; Spyrou, K.; Kooi, B.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Rudolf, P.; Prato, M.
	Title	Production of large graphene sheets by exfoliation of graphite under high power ultrasound in the presence of tiopronin			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Chemical communications	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Commun
	Volume	48	Issue	100	Pages	12159-12161
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Under ultrasonication, the production of high quality graphene layers by exfoliation of graphite was achieved via addition of tiopronin as an antioxidant.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000311411100003	Publication Date	2012-10-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1359-7345;1364-548X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.319	Times cited	39	Open Access
	Notes	This work was financially supported by the University of Trieste, INSTM, Italian Ministry of Education MIUR (cofin Prot. 20085M27SS) and by the "Graphene-based electronics'' research program of the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM). Part of this work was supported by funding from the ERC grant No 246791COUNTATOMS. MQ acknowledges the financial support from CONACyT CB-2011-01-166914 and FAI-UASLP.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.319; 2012 IF: 6.378
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:105230			Serial	2724
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	Author	Mourdikoudis, S.; Montes-Garcia, V.; Rodal-Cedeira, S.; Winckelmans, N.; Perez-Juste, I.; Wu, H.; Bals, S.; Perez-Juste, J.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.
	Title	Highly porous palladium nanodendrites : wet-chemical synthesis, electron tomography and catalytic activity			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Journal of the Chemical Society : Dalton transactions	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	48	Issue	48	Pages	3758-3767
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A simple procedure to obtain highly porous hydrophilic palladium nanodendrites in one-step is described. The synthetic strategy is based on the thermal reduction of a Pd precursor in the presence of a positively charged polyelectrolyte such as polyethylenimine (PEI). Advanced electron microscopy techniques combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry and BET analysis demonstrate the polycrystalline nature of the nanodendrites as well as their high porosity and active surface area, facilitating a better understanding of their unique morphology. Besides, catalytic studies performed using Raman scattering and UV-Vis spectroscopies revealed that the nanodendrites exhibit a superior performance as recyclable catalysts towards hydrogenation reaction compared to other noble metal nanoparticles.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000461088700027	Publication Date	2019-02-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0300-9246; 1477-9226; 1472-7773	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	23	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; This work was supported by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO, Spain) under the Grant MAT2016-77809-R, Xunta de Galicia (GRC ED431C 2016-048 and Centro Singular de Investigacion de Galicia (ED431G/02)) and Fundacion Ramon Areces (SERSforSafety). S. M. acknowledges funding from the General Secretariat for Research and Technology in Greece (Project PE4 (1546)). S. B. and N. W. acknowledge financial support by the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS). We thank the EPSRC CNIE Research Facility (EPSRC Award, EP/K038656/1) at the University College London for the collection of the BET data. Authors thank J. Millos for the XRD measurements. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:158530			Serial	5251
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	Author	Van Tendeloo, L.; Wangermez, W.; Kurttepeli, M.; de Blochouse, B.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Martens, J.A.; Maes, A.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.; Breynaert, E.
	Title	Chabazite : stable cation-exchanger in hyper alkaline concrete pore water			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Environmental science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Technol
	Volume	49	Issue	49	Pages	2358-2365
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	To avoid impact on the environment, facilities for permanent disposal of hazardous waste adopt multibarrier design schemes. As the primary barrier very often consists of cement-based materials, two distinct aspects are essential for the selection of suitable complementary barriers: (1) selective sorption of the contaminants in the repository and (2) long-term chemical stability in hyperalkaline concrete-derived media. A multidisciplinary approach combining experimental strategies from environmental chemistry and materials science is therefore essential to provide a reliable assessment of potential candidate materials. Chabazite is typically synthesized in 1 M KOH solutions but also crystallizes in simulated young cement pore water, a pH 13 aqueous solution mainly containing K+ and Na+ cations. Its formation and stability in this medium was evaluated as a function of temperature (60 and 85 °C) over a timeframe of more than 2 years and was also asessed from a mechanistic point of view. Chabazite demonstrates excellent cation-exchange properties in simulated young cement pore water. Comparison of its Cs+ cation exchange properties at pH 8 and pH 13 unexpectedly demonstrated an increase of the KD with increasing pH. The combined results identify chabazite as a valid candidate for inclusion in engineered barriers for concrete-based waste disposal.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Easton, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000349806400047	Publication Date	2015-01-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936X;1520-5851;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.198	Times cited	13	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work was supported by long-term structural funding by the Flemish Government (Methusalem) and by ONDRAF/ NIRAS, the Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Fissile Materials, as part of the program on surface disposal of Belgian Category A waste. The Belgian government is acknowledged for financing the interuniversity poles of attraction (IAP-PAI). G.V.T. and S.B. acknowledge financial support from European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant no. 24691-COUNTATOMS, ERC Starting Grant no. 335078-COLOURATOMS).; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.198; 2015 IF: 5.330
	Call Number	c:irua:127695			Serial	307
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	Author	Panzic, I.; Mandic, V.; Mangalam, J.; Rath, T.; Radovanovic-Peric, F.; Gaboardi, M.; De Coen, B.; Bals, S.; Schrenker, N.
	Title	In-situ structural degradation study of quadruple-cation perovskite solar cells with nanostructured charge transfer layer			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Ceramics international	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	49	Issue	14b	Pages	24475-24486
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We investigated the structural stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in n-i-p configuration comprising a rubidium-caesium-methylammonium-formamidinium (Rb-Cs-MA-FA) lead iodide/bromide perovskite absorber, interfaced with nanostructured ZnO-nanorod (NR) or mesostructured (MS) TiO2 electron transfer layers (ETL). An in-situ setup was established comprising synchrotron grazing incidence diffraction (GID) and Raman spectroscopy as a function of temperature under ambient and isothermal conditions; measurements of current-voltage (IV) characteristics and electron microscopic investigations were conducted discretely.The aging of the solar cells was performed at ambient conditions or at elevated temperatures directly in the in -situ measurement setup. The diffraction depth profiling results point to different degradation rates for different ETLs; moreover, electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, as well as energy dispersive spectroscopy clarified surface conditions in terms of the extent of the degradation. Scanning transmission electron microscopy of lamellas, derived by dual beam microscopy, revealed that the origin of the degradation lay in the ETL/ absorber interface. For the case of the nanostructured zincite, the perovskite absorber contained many voids, leading to the conclusion that the investigated quadruple perovskite absorber showed limited compatibility with ZnO NR ETL due to a higher number of defects. Morphological defects promoted the absorber degradation and nullified the advantages initially achieved by nanostructuring. The exchange of the ZnO NR ETL with MS TiO2 improved the stability parameters of the absorber layer.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001021057200001	Publication Date	2022-12-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0272-8842; 1873-3956	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	5.2	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work has been funded by the projects PZS-2019-02-1555 PV-WALL in Research Cooperability Program of the Croatian Science Foundation funded by the European Union from the European Social Fund under the Operational Programme Efficient Human Resources 2014-2020 (perovskite solar cells) , UIP-2019-04-2367 SLIPPERY SLOPE of the Croatian Science Foundation (nanostructured titania and zincite constituents) , KK.01.2.1.02.0316 “ The development of the technical solution for energy saving using VIS -transparent or semi-transparent and IR-reflective thin-films” by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (characterisation of thin-films) , 20190571 and 20190516 at Elettra Synchrotron, ICM-2019-13220 in Ernst Mach program of the OeAD-GmbH, and E210900588 in the EUSMI program. The group of prof Gregor Trimmel of the ICTM, NAWI Graz, the beam- line scientists of the MCX beamline of the Elettra synchrotron, and FIB- STEM researchers of the Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, are gratefully acknowledged for collaboration and instrument access. The financial sustenance of the University of Zagreb is gratefully acknowledged.			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.2; 2023 IF: 2.986
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:197806			Serial	8885
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	Author	He, Z.; Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Direct evidence for the existence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with hexagonal cross-sections			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Carbon	Abbreviated Journal	Carbon
	Volume	50	Issue	7	Pages	2524-2529
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a polygonal cross-section have been paid increasing attention since their three-dimensional structure is related to specific physical properties, which are found to be different in comparison to CNTs with a circular cross-section. Here, we report the existence of novel multi-walled CNTs yielding walls with a rounded-hexagonal configuration. This structure was directly confirmed for the first time by both cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography. The morphology of the Fe catalytic particle also exhibits hexagonal characteristics, and is proposed as the origin of the formation of the rounded-hexagonal walls of the CNT. This observation is of great importance with respect to the design of polygonal (such as pentagonal or hexagonal) cross-sectional CNTs. By controlling the morphology of the catalytic nanoparticles it will be possible to grow CNTs with desired electronic and mechanical properties.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000303038400015	Publication Date	2012-02-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0008-6223;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.337	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.337; 2012 IF: 5.868
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:96956			Serial	711
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	Author	Rodríguez-Fernández, D.; Altantzis, T.; Heidari, H.; Bals, S.; Liz-Marzan, L.M.
	Title	A protecting group approach toward synthesis of Au-silica Janus nanostars			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Chemical communications	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Commun
	Volume	50	Issue	1	Pages	79-81
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The concept of protecting groups, widely used in organic chemistry, has been applied for the synthesis of Au-silica Janus stars, in which gold branches protrude from one half of Au-silica Janus spheres. This configuration opens up new possibilities to apply the plasmonic properties of gold nanostars, as well as a variety of chemical functionalizations on the silica component.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000327606000017	Publication Date	2013-10-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1359-7345;1364-548X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.319	Times cited	26	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	262348 Esmi; 335078 Colouratom; 267867 Plasmaquo; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.319; 2014 IF: 6.834
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:112774			Serial	2732
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	Author	Duarte, M.; Daems, N.; Hereijgers, J.; Arenas Esteban, D.; Bals, S.; Breugelmans, T.
	Title	Enhanced CO2 electroreduction with metal-nitrogen-doped carbons in a continuous flow reactor			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Journal Of Co2 Utilization	Abbreviated Journal	J Co2 Util
	Volume	50	Issue		Pages	101583-12
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	As part of a mitigation and adaptation approach to increasing carbon dioxide atmospheric concentrations, we report superior performance of various metal-nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts, synthesized using an easily up-scalable method, for the electrochemical reduction to carbon monoxide and/or formate at industrially relevant current densities up to 200 mAcm−2. Altering the embedded transition metal (i.e. Sn, Co, Fe, Mn and Ni) allowed to tune the selectivity towards the desired product. Mn-N-C and Fe-N-C performance was compromised by its high CO* binding energy, while Co-N-C catalyzed preferentially the HER. Ni-N-C and Sn-N-C revealed to be promising electrocatalysts, the latter being evaluated for the first time in a flow reactor. A productivity of 589 L CO m-2 h-1 at -1.39 VRHE with Ni-N-C and 751 g HCOO- m-2 h-1 at -1.47 VRHE with Sn-N-C was achieved with no signs of degradation detected after 24 h of operation at industrially relevant current densities (100 mAcm−2). Stable operation at 200 mAcm−2 led to turnover frequencies for the production of carbon products of up to 5176 h-1. These enhanced productivities, in combination with high stability, constitute an essential step towards the scalability and ultimately towards the economical valorization of CO2 electrolyzers using metal-containing nitrogen-doped catalysts.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000670316000002	Publication Date	2021-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2212-9820	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.292	Times cited	14	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors acknowledge sponsoring from the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) in the frame of a post-doctoral grant (12Y3919N – ND). This project was co-funded by the Interreg 2 Seas-Program 2014-2020, co-financed by the European Fund for Regional Development in the frame of subsidiary contract nr. 2S03-019. This work was further performed in the framework of the Catalisti MOT project D2M (“Dioxide to Monoxide (D2M): Innovative catalysis for CO2 to CO conversion”). We thank Lien Pacquets for analyzing the samples with SEM-EDX, Saskia Defoss´e for helping with the N2 physisorption measurements and Kitty Baert (VUB) for analyzing the samples with XPS and Raman.			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.292
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:178151			Serial	6779
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	Author	Yalcin, A.O.; Goris, B.; van Dijk-Moes, R.J.A.; Fan, Z.; Erdamar, A.K.; Tichelaar, F.D.; Vlugt, T.J.H.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bals, S.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.; Zandbergen, H.W.; van Huis, M.A.;
	Title	Heat-induced transformation of CdSe-CdS-ZnS coremultishell quantum dots by Zn diffusion into inner layers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Chemical communications	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Commun
	Volume	51	Issue	51	Pages	3320-3323
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In this work, we investigate the thermal evolution of CdSeCdSZnS coremultishell quantum dots (QDs) in situ using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Starting at a temperature of approximately 250 °C, Zn diffusion into inner layers takes place together with simultaneous evaporation of particularly Cd and S. As a result of this transformation, CdxZn1−xSeCdyZn1−yS coreshell QDs are obtained.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000349325000004	Publication Date	2014-11-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1359-7345;1364-548X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.319	Times cited	21	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	262348 Esmi; Fwo; 246791 Countatoms; 335078 Colouratom; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.319; 2015 IF: 6.834
	Call Number	c:irua:132582			Serial	1412
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	Author	Kundu, P.; Heidari, H.; Bals, S.; Ravishankar, N.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Formation and thermal stability of gold-silica nanohybrids : insight into the mechanism and morphology by electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English	Abbreviated Journal	Angew Chem Int Edit
	Volume	53	Issue	15	Pages	3970-3974
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Gold-silica hybrids are appealing in different fields of applications like catalysis, sensorics, drug delivery, and biotechnology. In most cases, the morphology and distribution of the heterounits play significant roles in their functional behavior. Methods of synthesizing these hybrids, with variable ordering of the heterounits, are replete; however, a complete characterization in three dimensions could not be achieved yet. A simple route to the synthesis of Au-decorated SiO2 spheres is demonstrated and a study on the 3D ordering of the heterounits by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography is presentedat the final stage, intermediate stages of formation, and after heating the hybrid. The final hybrid evolves from a soft self-assembled structure of Au nanoparticles. The hybrid shows good thermal stability up to 400 degrees C, beyond which the Au particles start migrating inside the SiO2 matrix. This study provides an insight in the formation mechanism and thermal stability of the structures which are crucial factors for designing and applying such hybrids in fields of catalysis and biotechnology. As the method is general, it can be applied to make similar hybrids based on SiO2 by tuning the reaction chemistry as needed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000333634800036	Publication Date	2014-03-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1433-7851;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11.994	Times cited	10	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This research has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program (ERC; grant number 246791)— COUNTATOMS, COLOURATOMS, as well as from the IAP 7/05 Programme initiated by the Belgian Science Policy Office. Funding from the Department of Science and Technology (DST) is also acknowledged.; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 11.994; 2014 IF: 11.261
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117186			Serial	1251
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	Author	Lueangchaichaweng, W.; Brooks, N.R.; Fiorilli, S.; Gobechiya, E.; Lin, K.; Li, L.; Parres-Esclapez, S.; Javon, E.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Martens, J.A.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.; Jacobs, P.A.; Pescarmona, P.P.;
	Title	Gallium oxide nanorods : novel, template-free synthesis and high catalytic activity in epoxidation reactions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English	Abbreviated Journal	Angew Chem Int Edit
	Volume	53	Issue	6	Pages	1585-1589
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Gallium oxide nanorods with unprecedented small dimensions (20-80nm length and 3-5nm width) were prepared using a novel, template-free synthesis method. This nanomaterial is an excellent heterogeneous catalyst for the sustainable epoxidation of alkenes with H2O2, rivaling the industrial benchmark microporous titanosilicate TS-1 with linear alkenes and being much superior with bulkier substrates. A thorough characterization study elucidated the correlation between the physicochemical properties of the gallium oxide nanorods and their catalytic performance, and underlined the importance of the nanorod morphology for generating a material with high specific surface area and a high number of accessible acid sites.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000330558400021	Publication Date	2014-01-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1433-7851;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11.994	Times cited	61	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	START 1; Methusalem; Prodex; IAP-PAI; and the ERC (grant number 24691-COUNTATOMS and grant number 335078-COLOURATOM) projects; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 11.994; 2014 IF: 11.261
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115726			Serial	1314
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	Author	Bals, S.; Goris, B.; Liz-Marzan, L.M.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Three-dimensional characterization of noble-metal nanoparticles and their assemblies by electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English	Abbreviated Journal	Angew Chem Int Edit
	Volume	53	Issue	40	Pages	10600-10610
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	New developments in the field of nanomaterials drive the need for quantitative characterization techniques that yield information down to the atomic scale. In this Review, we focus on the three-dimensional investigations of metal nanoparticles and their assemblies by electron tomography. This technique has become a versatile tool to understand the connection between the properties and structure or composition of nanomaterials. The different steps of an electron tomography experiment are discussed and we show how quantitative three-dimensional information can be obtained even at the atomic scale.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000342761500006	Publication Date	2014-08-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1433-7851;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11.994	Times cited	58	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	267867 Plasmaquo; 246791 Countatoms; 335078 Colouratom; 262348 Esmi; Fwo; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 11.994; 2014 IF: 11.261
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:121093			Serial	3646
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	Author	González-Rubio, G.; de Oliveira, T.M.; Altantzis, T.; La Porta, A.; Guerrero-Martínez, A.; Bals, S.; Scarabelli, L.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.
	Title	Disentangling the effect of seed size and crystal habit on gold nanoparticle seeded growth			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Chemical communications	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Commun
	Volume	53	Issue	53	Pages	11360-11363
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Oxidative etching was used to produce gold seeds of different sizes and crystal habits. Following detailed characterization, the seeds were grown under different conditions. Our results bring new insights toward understanding the effect of size and crystallinity on the growth of anisotropic particles, whilst identifying guidelines for the optimisation of new synthetic protocols of predesigned seeds.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000412814900019	Publication Date	2017-09-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1359-7345	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.319	Times cited	29	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work was funded by the Spanish MINECO (grant # MAT2013-46101-R, Ramon y Cajal fellowship to A. G.-M. and FPI fellowship to G. G.-R.). Financial support is acknowledged from the European Commission (EUSMI, 731019). S. B. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant # 335078-COLOURATOMS). T. A. acknowledges a postdoctoral grant from Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium). ECAS_Sara (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.319
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:146101UA @ admin @ c:irua:146101			Serial	4734
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