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	Author	Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Van Alphen, S.; Michielsen, I.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	A packed-bed DBD micro plasma reactor for CO 2 dissociation: Does size matter?			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	348	Issue		Pages	557-568
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	DBD plasma reactors are of great interest for environmental and energy applications, such as CO2 conversion, but they suffer from limited conversion and especially energy efficiency. The introduction of packing materials has been a popular subject of investigation in order to increase the reactor performance. Reducing the discharge gap of the reactor below one millimetre can enhance the plasma performance as well. In this work, we combine both effects and use a packed-bed DBD micro plasma reactor to investigate the influence of gap size reduction, in combination with a packing material, on the conversion and efficiency of CO2 dissociation. Packing materials used in this work were SiO2, ZrO2, and Al2O3 spheres as well as glass wool. The results are compared to a regular size reactor as a benchmark. Reducing the discharge gap can greatly increase the CO2 conversion, although at a lower energy efficiency. Adding a packing material further increases the conversion when keeping a constant residence time, but is greatly dependent on the material composition, gap and sphere size used. Maximum conversions of 50–55% are obtained for very long residence times (30 s and higher) in an empty reactor or with certain packing material combinations, suggesting a balance in CO2 dissociation and recombination reactions. The maximum energy efficiency achieved is 4.3%, but this is for the regular sized reactor at a short residence time (7.5 s). Electrical characterization is performed to reveal some trends in the electrical behaviour of the plasma upon reduction of the discharge gap and addition of a packing material.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000434467000055	Publication Date	2018-05-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	22	Open Access	Not_Open_Access: Available from 03.05.2020
	Notes	We acknowledge financial support from the European Fund for Regional Development through the cross-border collaborative Interreg V program Flanders-the Netherlands (project EnOp), the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO; Grant Number: G.0254.14N) and an IOF-SBO (SynCO2Chem) project from the University of Antwerp.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:151238			Serial	4956
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	Author	Asapu, R.; Claes, N.; Ciocarlan, R.-G.; Minjauw, M.; Detavernier, C.; Cool, P.; Bals, S.; Verbruggen, S.W.
	Title	Electron Transfer and Near-Field Mechanisms in Plasmonic Gold-Nanoparticle-Modified TiO₂Photocatalytic Systems			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	ACS applied nano materials	Abbreviated Journal	ACS Appl. Nano Mater.
	Volume	2	Issue	2	Pages	4067-4074
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	The major mechanism responsible for plasmonic enhancement of titanium dioxide photocatalysis using gold nanoparticles is still under contention. This work introduces an experimental strategy to disentangle the significance of the charge transfer and near-field mechanisms in plasmonic photocatalysis. By controlling the thickness and conductive nature of a nanoparticle shell that acts as a spacer layer separating the plasmonic metal core from the TiO2 surface, field enhancement or charge transfer effects can be selectively repressed or evoked. Layer-by-layer and in situ polymerization methods are used to synthesize gold core–polymer shell nanoparticles with shell thickness control up to the sub-nanometer level. Detailed optical and electrical characterization supported by near-field simulation models corroborate the trends in photocatalytic activity of the different systems. This approach mainly points at an important contribution of the enhanced near field.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000477917700006	Publication Date	2019-05-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2574-0970	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	32	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work was supported by Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). P.C. and R-G.C. acknowledge financial support from FWO (Project No. G038215N). N.C. and S.B. acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant No. 335078-COLOURATOM).			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @UA @ admin @ c:irua:160579			Serial	5184
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	Author	Zhuge, X.; Jinnai, H.; Dunin-Borkowski, R.E.; Migunov, V.; Bals, S.; Cool, P.; Bons, A.-J.; Batenburg, K.J.
	Title	Automated discrete electron tomography – Towards routine high-fidelity reconstruction of nanomaterials			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	175	Issue	175	Pages	87-96
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	Electron tomography is an essential imaging technique for the investigation of morphology and 3D structure of nanomaterials. This method, however, suffers from well-known missing wedge artifacts due to a restricted tilt range, which limits the objectiveness, repeatability and efficiency of quantitative structural analysis. Discrete tomography represents one of the promising reconstruction techniques for materials science, potentially capable of delivering higher fidelity reconstructions by exploiting the prior knowledge of the limited number of material compositions in a specimen. However, the application of discrete tomography to practical datasets remains a difficult task due to the underlying challenging mathematical problem. In practice, it is often hard to obtain consistent reconstructions from experimental datasets. In addition, numerous parameters need to be tuned manually, which can lead to bias and non-repeatability. In this paper, we present the application of a new iterative reconstruction technique, named TVR-DART, for discrete electron tomography. The technique is capable of consistently delivering reconstructions with significantly reduced missing wedge artifacts for a variety of challenging data and imaging conditions, and can automatically estimate its key parameters. We describe the principles of the technique and apply it to datasets from three different types of samples acquired under diverse imaging modes. By further reducing the available tilt range and number of projections, we show that the proposed technique can still produce consistent reconstructions with minimized missing wedge artifacts. This new development promises to provide the electron microscopy community with an easy-to-use and robust tool for high-fidelity 3D characterization of nanomaterials.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000403342500008	Publication Date	2017-01-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	22	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work has been supported in part by the Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen (STW) through a personal grant (Veni,13610), and was in part by ExxonMobil Chemical Europe Inc. The authors further acknowledge financial support from the University of Antwerp through BOF GOA funding. S.B. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS). R.D.B. is grateful for funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)/ ERC grant agreement number 320832. Thomas Altantzis is gratefully acknowledged for acquiring the Anatase nanosheets dataset. (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot); saraecas; ECAS_Sara;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:141218UA @ admin @ c:irua:141218			Serial	4485
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	Author	De Meyer, R.; Gorbanev, Y.; Ciocarlan, R.-G.; Cool, P.; Bals, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Importance of plasma discharge characteristics in plasma catalysis: Dry reforming of methane vs. ammonia synthesis			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2024	Publication	Chemical Engineering Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chemical Engineering Journal
	Volume	488	Issue		Pages	150838
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Gas conversion Dry reforming of methane Ammonia Microdischarges Dielectric barrier discharge; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	Plasma catalysis is a rapidly growing field, often employing a packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor. Such dielectric barrier discharges are complex, especially when a packing material (e.g., a catalyst) is introduced in the discharge volume. Catalysts are known to affect the plasma discharge, though the underlying mechanisms influencing the plasma physics are not fully understood. Moreover, the effect of the catalysts on the plasma discharge and its subsequent effect on the overall performance is often overlooked. In this work, we deliberately design and synthesize catalysts to affect the plasma discharge in different ways. These Ni or Co alumina-based catalysts are used in plasma-catalytic dry reforming of methane and ammonia synthesis. Our work shows that introducing a metal to the dielectric packing can affect the plasma discharge, and that the distribution of the metal is crucial in this regard. Further, the altered discharge can greatly influence the overall performance. In an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge reactor, this apparently more uniform plasma yields a significantly better performance for ammonia synthesis compared to the more conventional filamentary discharge, while it underperforms in dry reforming of methane. This study stresses the importance of analyzing the plasma discharge in plasma catalysis experiments. We hope this work encourages a more critical view on the plasma discharge characteristics when studying various catalysts in a plasma reactor.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2024-03-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor	15.1	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	This research was supported through long-term structural funding (Methusalem FFB15001C) and by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme with grant agreement No 810182 (SCOPE ERC Synergy project) and with grant agreement No 815128 (REALNANO). We acknowledge the practical contribution of Senne Van Doorslaer.			Approved	Most recent IF: 15.1; 2024 IF: 6.216
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:205154			Serial	9115
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	Author	Ndayirinde, C.; Gorbanev, Y.; Ciocarlan, R.-G.; De Meyer, R.; Smets, A.; Vlasov, E.; Bals, S.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis : packed catalysts act as plasma modifiers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Catalysis today	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	419	Issue		Pages	114156-12
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	We studied the plasma-catalytic production of NH3 from H2 and N2 in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor using five different Co-based catalysts supported on Al2O3, namely Co/Al2O3, CoCe/Al2O3, CoLa/Al2O3, CoCeLa/Al2O3 and CoCeMg/Al2O3. The catalysts were characterized via several techniques, including SEM-EDX, and their performance was compared. The best performing catalyst was found to be CoLa/Al2O3, but the dif-ferences in NH3 concentration, energy consumption and production rate between the different catalysts were limited under the same conditions (i.e. feed gas, flow rate and ratio, and applied power). At the same time, the plasma properties, such as the plasma power and current profile, varied significantly depending on the catalyst. Taken together, these findings suggest that in the production of NH3 by plasma catalysis, our catalysts act as plasma modifiers, i.e., they change the discharge properties and hence the gas phase plasma chemistry. Importantly, this effect dominates over the direct catalytic effect (as e.g. in thermal catalysis) defined by the chemistry on the catalyst surface.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000987221300001	Publication Date	2023-04-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0920-5861	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.3	Times cited	3	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project) and the Methusalem project of the University of Antwerp. We also gratefully acknowledge the NH3-TPD analysis performed by Sander Bossier.			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.3; 2023 IF: 4.636
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:197268			Serial	8917
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	Author	Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Bal, Km.; Neyts, Ec.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	On the kinetics and equilibria of plasma-based dry reforming of methane			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Chemical Engineering Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	405	Issue		Pages	126630
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Plasma reactors are interesting for gas-based chemical conversion but the fundamental relation between the plasma chemistry and selected conditions remains poorly understood. Apparent kinetic parameters for the loss and formation processes of individual components of gas conversion processes, can however be extracted by performing experiments in an extended residence time range (2–75 s) and ﬁtting the gas composition to a ﬁrstorder kinetic model of the evolution towards partial chemical equilibrium (PCE). We speciﬁcally investigated the diﬀerences in kinetic characteristics and PCE state of the CO2 dissociation and CH4 reforming reactions in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBD), how these are mutually aﬀected when combining both gases in the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction, and how they change when a packing material (non-porous SiO2) is added to the reactor. We ﬁnd that CO2 dissociation is characterized by a comparatively high reaction rate of 0.120 s−1 compared to CH4 reforming at 0.041 s−1; whereas CH4 reforming reaches higher equilibrium conversions, 82% compared to 53.6% for CO2 dissociation. Combining both feed gases makes the DRM reaction to proceed at a relatively high rate (0.088 s−1), and high conversion (75.4%) compared to CO2 dissociation, through accessing new chemical pathways between the products of CO2 and CH4. The addition of the packing material can also distinctly inﬂuence the conversion rate and position of the equilibrium, but its precise eﬀect depends strongly on the gas composition. Comparing diﬀerent CO2:CH4 ratios reveals the delicate balance of the combined chemistry. CO2 drives the loss reactions in DRM, whereas CH4 in the mixture suppresses back reactions. As a result, our methodology provides some of the insight necessary to systematically tune the conversion process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000621197700003	Publication Date	2020-08-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors acknowledge ﬁnancial support from the European Fund for Regional Development through the cross-border collaborative Interreg V program Flanders-the Netherlands (project EnOp), the Fund for Scientiﬁc Research (FWO; grant number: G.0254.14N), a TOP-BOF project and an IOF-SBO (SynCO2Chem) project from the University of Antwerp.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:172458			Serial	6411
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	Author	Kus, M.; Altantzis, T.; Vercauteren, S.; Caretti, I.; Leenaerts, O.; Batenburg, K.J.; Mertens, M.; Meynen, V.; Partoens, B.; Van Doorslaer, S.; Bals, S.; Cool, P.
	Title	Mechanistic Insight into the Photocatalytic Working of Fluorinated Anatase {001} Nanosheets			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	The journal of physical chemistry: C : nanomaterials and interfaces	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys Chem C
	Volume	121	Issue	121	Pages	26275-26286
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	Anatase nanosheets with exposed {001} facets have gained increasing interest for photocatalytic applications. To fully understand the structure-to-activity relation, combined experimental and computational methods have been exploited. Anatase nanosheets were prepared under hydrothermal conditions in the presence of fluorine ions. High resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy was used to fully characterize the synthesized material, confirming the TiO2 nanosheet morphology. Moreover, the surface structure and composition of a single nanosheet could be determined by annular bright-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ABF-STEM) and STEM electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS). The photocatalytic activity was tested for the decomposition of organic dyes rhodamine 6G and methyl orange and compared to a reference TiO2 anatase sample. The anatase nanosheets with exposed {001} facets revealed a significantly lower photocatalytic activity compared to the reference. In order to understand the mechanism for the catalytic performance, and to investigate the role of the presence of F−, light-induced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) experiments were performed. The EPR results are in agreement with TEM, proving the presence of Ti3+ species close to the surface of the sample and allowing the analysis of the photoinduced formation of paramagnetic species. Further, ab initio calculations of the anisotropic effective mass of electrons and electron holes in anatase show a very high effective mass of electrons in the [001] direction, having a negative impact on the mobility of electrons toward the {001} surface and thus the photocatalysis. Finally, motivated by the experimental results that indicate the presence of fluorine atoms at the surface, we performed ab initio calculations to determine the position of the band edges in anatase slabs with different terminations of the {001} surface. The presence of fluorine atoms near the surface is shown to strongly shift down the band edges, which indicates another reason why it can be expected that the prepared samples with a large amount of {001} surface, but with fluorine atoms near the surface, show only a low photocatalytic activity.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000417228500017	Publication Date	2017-11-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1932-7447	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.536	Times cited	20	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors acknowledge the University of Antwerp for financial support in the frame of a GOA project. S.B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under the Seventh Framework Program (FP7), ERC Grant No. 335078 COLOURATOM. S.V.D. and V.M. acknowledge funding from the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (G.0687.13). T.A. acknowledges financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through a postdoctoral grant. (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot); saraecas; ECAS_Sara;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.536
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:147240UA @ admin @ c:irua:147240			Serial	4771
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	Author	Ciocarlan, R.-G.; Seftel, E.M.; Gavrila, R.; Suchea, M.; Batuk, M.; Mertens, M.; Hadermann, J.; Cool, P.
	Title	Spinel nanoparticles on stick-like Freudenbergite nanocomposites as effective smart-removal photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants under visible light			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Journal Of Alloys And Compounds	Abbreviated Journal	J Alloy Compd
	Volume	820	Issue		Pages	153403
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	A series of mixed nanocomposite materials was synthetized, containing a Ferrite phase type Zn1-xNixFe2O4 and a Freudenbergite phase type Na2Fe2Ti6O16, where x = 0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1. The choice for this combination is based on the good adsorption properties of Freudenbergite for dye molecules, and the small bandgap energy of Ferrite spinel, allowing activation of the catalysts under visible light irradiation. A two steps synthesis protocol was used to obtain the smart-removal nanocomposites. Firstly, the spinel structure was obtained via the co-precipitation route followed by the addition of the Ti-source and formation of the Freudenbergite system. The role of cations on the formation mechanism and an interesting interchange of cations between spinel and Freudenbergite structures was clarified by a TEM study. Part of the Ti4+ penetrated the spinel structure and, at the same time, part of the Fe3+ formed the Freudenbergite system. The photocatalytic activity was studied under visible light, reaching for the best catalysts a 67% and 40% mineralization degree for methylene blue and rhodamine 6G respectively, after 6 h of irradiation. In the same conditions, the well-known commercial P25 (Degussa) managed to mineralize only 12% and 3% of methylene blue and rhodamine 6G, respectively. Due to the remarkable magnetic properties of Ferrites, a convenient recovery and reuse of the catalysts is possible after the photocatalytic tests. Based on the excellent catalytic performance of the nanocomposites under visible light and their ease of separation out of the solution after the catalytic reaction, the newly developed composite catalysts are considered very effective for wastewater treatment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000507854700130	Publication Date	2019-12-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0925-8388	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.2	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors acknowledge the FWO-Flanders (project nr. G038215N) for financial support.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.2; 2020 IF: 3.133
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:166447			Serial	6342
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	Author	Van Everbroeck, T.; Wu, J.; Arenas-Esteban, D.; Ciocarlan, R.-G.; Mertens, M.; Bals, S.; Dujardin, C.; Granger, P.; Seftel, E.M.; Cool, P.
	Title	ZnAl layered double hydroxide based catalysts (with Cu, Mn, Ti) used as noble metal-free three-way catalysts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Applied clay science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Clay Sci
	Volume	217	Issue		Pages	106390
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000795870100004	Publication Date	2022-01-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0169-1317	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.6	Times cited	6	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors acknowledge financial support by theEuropean Union’s Horizon 2020 Project Partial-PGMs (H2020-NMP-686086). R-G C. and P.C. acknowledge the FWO-Flanders (project no. G038215N) for financial support. S⋅B and D.A.E thank the financial support of the European Research Council (ERC-CoG-2019 815128). The authors are grateful to Johnson Matthey, UK, for supplying the commercial benchmark catalysts; realnano; sygmaSB			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.6
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:186956			Serial	6955
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	Author	Lebedev, O.I.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Collart, O.; Cool, P.; Vansant, E.F.
	Title	Structure and microstructure of nanoscale mesoporous silica spheres			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	Solid state sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Solid State Sci
	Volume	6	Issue		Pages	489-498
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000221604500011	Publication Date	2004-03-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1293-2558;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.811	Times cited	42	Open Access
	Notes	Pai/Iuap P5/01			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.811; 2004 IF: 1.598
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:46262			Serial	3289
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	Author	Blommaerts, N.; Hoeven, N.; Arenas Esteban, D.; Campos, R.; Mertens, M.; Borah, R.; Glisenti, A.; De Wael, K.; Bals, S.; Lenaerts, S.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Cool, P.
	Title	Tuning the turnover frequency and selectivity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction to CO and methane using platinum and palladium nanoparticles on Ti-Beta zeolites			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Chemical Engineering Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	410	Issue		Pages	128234
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A Ti-Beta zeolite was used in gas phase photocatalytic CO2 reduction to reduce the charge recombination rate and increase the surface area compared to P25 as commercial benchmark, reaching 607 m2 g-1. By adding Pt nanoparticles, the selectivity can be tuned toward CO, reaching a value of 92% and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 96 µmol.gcat-1.h-1, nearly an order of magnitude higher in comparison with P25. By adding Pd nanoparticles the selectivity can be shifted from CO (70% for a bare Ti-Beta zeolite), toward CH4 as the prevalent species (60%). In this way, the selectivity toward CO or CH4 can be tuned by either using Pt or Pd. The TOF values obtained in this work outperform reported state-of-the-art values in similar research. The improved activity by adding the nanoparticles was attributed to an improved charge separation efficiency, together with a plasmonic contribution of the metal nanoparticles under the applied experimental conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000623394200004	Publication Date	2021-01-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	15	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	N.B., S.L., S.W.V. and P.C. wish to thank the Flemish government and Catalisti for financial support and coordination in terms of a sprint SBO in the context of the moonshot project D2M. N.H. thanks the Flanders Innovation and Entrepreneurship (VLAIO) for the financial support. The Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE) group, R. Blust, University of Antwerp is acknowledged for the ICP-MS measurements.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:174591			Serial	6662
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	Author	Pacquets, L.; Van den Hoek, J.; Arenas Esteban, D.; Ciocarlan, R.-G.; Cool, P.; Baert, K.; Hauffman, T.; Daems, N.; Bals, S.; Breugelmans, T.
	Title	Use of nanoscale carbon layers on Ag-based gas diffusion electrodes to promote CO production			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	ACS applied nano materials	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue	6	Pages	7723-7732
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	A promising strategy for the inhibition of the hydrogen evolution reaction along with the stabilization of the electrocatalyst in electrochemical CO2 reduction cells involves the application of a nanoscale amorphous carbon layer on top of the active catalyst layer in a gas diffusion electrode. Without modifying the chemical nature of the electrocatalyst itself, these amorphous carbon layers lead to the stabilization of the electrocatalyst, and a significant improvement with respect to the inhibition of the hydrogen evolution reaction was also obtained. The faradaic efficiencies of hydrogen could be reduced from 31.4 to 2.1% after 1 h of electrolysis with a 5 nm thick carbon layer. Furthermore, the impact of the carbon layer thickness (5–30 nm) on this inhibiting effect was investigated. We determined an optimal thickness of 15 nm where the hydrogen evolution reaction was inhibited and a decent stability was obtained. Next, a thickness of 15 nm was selected for durability measurements. Interestingly, these durability measurements revealed the beneficial impact of the carbon layer already after 6 h by suppressing the hydrogen evolution such that an increase of only 37.9% exists compared to 56.9% without the use of an additional carbon layer, which is an improvement of 150%. Since carbon is only applied afterward, it reveals its great potential in terms of electrocatalysis in general.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000818507900001	Publication Date	2022-05-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2574-0970	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.9	Times cited	3	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	L.P. was supported through a Ph.D. fellowship strategic basic research (1S56920N) of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). S.B. acknowledges financial support from ERC Consolidator Grant Number 815128 REALNANO. This research was financed by the Research Council of the University of Antwerp (BOF-GOA 33928). P.C. and R.-G.C. acknowledge financial support by FWO Flanders (project no. G038215N). The authors recognize the contribution of S. Pourbabak and T. Derez for the assistance with the Ag and carbon coating, Indah Prihatiningtyas and Bart Van der Bruggen for the assistance with the contact angle measurements, Daniel Choukroun for the use of the in-house-made hybrid flow cell, and Stijn Van den Broeck for his assistance with the FIB measurements.			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.9
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:188887			Serial	7099
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	Author	de Witte, K.; Meynen, V.; Mertens, M.; Lebedev, O.I.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Sepúlveda-Escribano, A.; Rodríguez-Reinoso, F.; Vansant, E.F.; Cool, P.
	Title	Multi-step loading of titania on mesoporous silica: influence of the morphology and the porosity on the catalytic degradation of aqueous pollutants and VOC's			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Applied catalysis : B : environmental	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal B-Environ
	Volume	84	Issue	1/2	Pages	125-132
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	Titania nanoparticles have been deposited on inert porous silica supports with high specific surface area. These materials have potential applications in paint and textile industry as the titania particles selectively deposited on the inner surface of the silica supports act as a photocatalyst. The inert external surface is necessary to avoid photodegradation of the textile material or the paint components. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts has been evaluated with two catalytic setups. One setup in aqueous phase, for the degradation of dyes such as rhodamine-6G, is commonly used. The second setup is a continuous flow gaseous phase setup which was used for the mineralization of ethanol as a representative volatile organic compound (VOC). The influence of the porosity and the morphology of the silica supports on the photocatalytic activity are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000260728300017	Publication Date	2008-04-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0926-3373;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.446	Times cited	24	Open Access
	Notes	Iwt 30916; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.446; 2008 IF: 4.853
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:68279			Serial	2213
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	Author	Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Hereijgers, J.; Breugelmans, T.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	How gas flow design can influence the performance of a DBD plasma reactor for dry reforming of methane			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Chemical Engineering Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	405	Issue		Pages	126618
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	DBD plasma reactors are commonly used in a static ‘one inlet – one outlet’ design that goes against reactor design principles for multi-component reactions, such as dry reforming of methane (DRM). Therefore, in this paper we have developed a novel reactor design, and investigated how the shape and size of the reaction zone, as well as gradual gas addition, and the method of mixing CO2 and CH4 can influence the conversion and product com position of DRM. Even in the standard ‘one inlet – one outlet’ design, the direction of the gas flow (i.e. short or long path through the reactor, which defines the gas velocity at fixed residence time), as well as the dimensions of the reaction zone and the power delivery to the reactor, largely affect the performance. Using gradual gas addition and separate plasma activation zones for the individual gases give increased conversions within the same operational parameters, by optimising mixing ratios and kinetics. The choice of the main (pre-activated) gas and the direction of gas flow largely affect the conversion and energy cost, while the gas inlet position during separate addition only influences the product distribution.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000626511800005	Publication Date	2020-08-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Interreg; Flanders; FWO; University of Antwerp; The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Fund for Regional Development through the cross-border collaborative Interreg V program Flanders-the Netherlands (project EnOp), the Fund 13 for Scientific Research (FWO; grant number: G.0254.14N), and an IOFSBO (SynCO2Chem) project from the University of Antwerp.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:170609			Serial	6410
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	Author	Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	The Potential Use of Core-Shell Structured Spheres in a Packed-Bed DBD Plasma Reactor for CO2 Conversion			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Catalysts	Abbreviated Journal	Catalysts
	Volume	10	Issue	5	Pages	530
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	This work proposes to use core-shell structured spheres to evaluate whether it allows to individually optimize bulk and surface effects of a packing material, in order to optimize conversion and energy efficiency. Different core-shell materials have been prepared by spray coating, using dense spheres (as core) and powders (as shell) of SiO2, Al2O3, and BaTiO3. The materials are investigated for their performance in CO2 dissociation and compared against a benchmark consisting of a packed-bed reactor with the pure dense spheres, as well as an empty reactor. The results in terms of CO2 conversion and energy efficiency show various interactions between the core and shell material, depending on their combination. Al2O3 was found as the best core material under the applied conditions here, followed by BaTiO3 and SiO2, in agreement with their behaviour for the pure spheres. Applying a thin shell layer on the cores showed equal performance between the different shell materials. Increasing the layer thickness shifts this behaviour, and strong combination effects were observed depending on the specific material. Therefore, this method of core-shell spheres has the potential to allow tuning of the packing properties more closely to the application by designing an optimal combination of core and shell.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000546007000092	Publication Date	2020-05-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2073-4344	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.9	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	Interreg, Project EnOp ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G.0254.14N ; Universiteit Antwerpen, Project SynCO2Chem ; We want to thank Jasper Lefevre (VITO) for assistance in the development of the coating suspension for the core-shell spheres.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.9; 2020 IF: 3.082
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:169222			Serial	6364
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	Author	Bertoni, G.; Beyers, E.; Verbeeck, J.; Mertens, M.; Cool, P.; Vansant, E.F.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Quantification of crystalline and amorphous content in porous TiO₂ samples from electron energy loss spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	106	Issue	7	Pages	630-635
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	We present an efficient method for the quantification of crystalline versus amorphous phase content in mesoporous materials, making use of electron energy loss spectroscopy. The method is based on fitting a superposition of core-loss edges using the maximum likelihood method with measured reference spectra. We apply the method to mesoporous TiO2 samples. We show that the absolute amount of the crystalline phase can be determined with an accuracy below 5%. This method takes also the amorphous phase into account, where standard X-ray diffraction is only quantitative for crystalline phases and not for amorphous phase. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000238479300011	Publication Date	2006-04-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	83	Open Access
	Notes	Iap-V; Goa-2005; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2006 IF: 1.706
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:58823UA @ admin @ c:irua:58823			Serial	2741
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	Author	Beyers, E.; Biermans, E.; Ribbens, S.; de Witte, K.; Mertens, M.; Meynen, V.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Vansant, E.F.; Cool, P.
	Title	Combined TiO₂/SiO₂ mesoporous photocatalysts with location and phase controllable TiO₂ nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Applied catalysis : B : environmental	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal B-Environ
	Volume	88	Issue	3/4	Pages	515-524
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	Combined TiO2/SiO2 mesoporous materials were prepared by deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesised via the acid-catalysed solgel method. In the first synthesis step a titania solution is prepared, by dissolving titaniumtetraisopropoxide in nitric acid. The influences of the initial titaniumtetraisopropoxide concentration and the temperature of dissolving on the final structural properties were investigated. In the second step of the synthesis, the titania nanoparticles were deposited on a silica support. Here, the influence of the temperature during deposition was studied. The depositions were carried out on two different mesoporous silica supports, SBA-15 and MCF, leading to substantial differences in the catalytic and structural properties. The samples were analysed with N2-sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to obtain structural information, determining the amount of titania, the crystal phase and the location of the titania particles on the mesoporous material (inside or outside the mesoporous channels). The structural differences of the support strongly determine the location of the nanoparticles and the subsequent photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of rhodamine 6G in aqueous solution under UV irradiation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000266513400032	Publication Date	2008-10-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0926-3373;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.446	Times cited	69	Open Access
	Notes	Goa-Bof; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.446; 2009 IF: 5.252
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:77150			Serial	403
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	Author	Lin, F.; Meng; Kukueva, E.; Altantzis, T.; Mertens, M.; Bals, S.; Cool, P.; Van Doorslaer, S.
	Title	Direct-synthesis method towards copper-containing periodic mesoporous organosilicas : detailed investigation of the copper distribution in the material			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Journal of the Chemical Society : Dalton transactions	Abbreviated Journal	Dalton T
	Volume	44	Issue	44	Pages	9970-9979
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	Three-dimensional cubic Fm (3) over barm mesoporous copper-containing ethane-bridged PMO materials have been prepared through a direct-synthesis method at room temperature in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as surfactant. The obtained materials have been unambiguously characterized in detail by several sophisticated techniques, including XRD, UV-Vis-Dr, TEM, elemental mapping, continuous- wave and pulsed EPR spectroscopy. The results show that at lower copper loading, the Cu2+ species are well dispersed in the Cu-PMO materials, and mainly exist as mononuclear Cu2+ species. At higher copper loading amount, Cu2+ clusters are observed in the materials, but the distribution of the Cu2+ species is still much better in the Cu-PMO materials prepared through the direct-synthesis method than in a Cu-containing PMO material prepared through an impregnation method. Moreover, the evolution of the copper incorporation during the PMO synthesis has been followed by EPR. The results show that the immobilization of the Cu2+ ion/complex and the formation of the PMO materials are taking place simultaneously. The copper ions are found to be situated on the inner surface of the mesopores of the materials and are accessible, which will be beneficial for the catalytic applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000355000700028	Publication Date	2015-04-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1477-9226;1477-9234;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.029	Times cited	11	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Goa-Bof; 335078 Colouratom; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.029; 2015 IF: 4.197
	Call Number	c:irua:126422			Serial	725
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	Author	Liu, S.; Rao, J.; Sui, X.; Cool, P.; Vansant, E.F.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Cheng, X.
	Title	Preparation of hollow silica spheres with different mesostructures			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Journal of non-crystalline solids	Abbreviated Journal	J Non-Cryst Solids
	Volume	354	Issue	10/11	Pages	826-830
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Hollow silica spheres were quickly synthesized by an octylamine (OA) templating method using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as the silica source. N2-sorption results indicate that the hollow spheres have high surface areas and pore volumes. XRD and TEM measurements reveal that the structure of the hollow spheres depends on the amount of TEOS used in the synthesis. When low amount of TEOS is added, the template-containing precursor spheres depict an XRD pattern with two peaks, which can be indexed to a lamellar phase. After the removal of the template, the obtained hollow spheres show no diffraction peaks in the XRD pattern, suggesting that the nanopores in the silica shells are disordered. If increasing the amount of TEOS, either the uncalcined or the calcined sample gives an XRD pattern with a single diffraction peak. The mesostructure of these hollow silica spheres is typically as HMS materials. TGA analyses suggest that the interaction between the silica species and surfactant is stronger in the latter case.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000253216700003	Publication Date	2007-09-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-3093;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.124	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes	Gao			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.124; 2008 IF: 1.449
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:72018			Serial	2703
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	Author	Smeulders, G.; Meynen, V.; van Baelen, G.; Mertens, M.; Lebedev, O.I.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Maes, B.U.W.; Cool, P.
	Title	Rapid microwave-assisted synthesis of benzene bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Journal of materials chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	J Mater Chem
	Volume	19	Issue	19	Pages	3042-3048
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Organic synthesis (ORSY)
	Abstract	Following extended use in organic chemistry, microwave-assisted synthesis is gaining more importance in the field of inorganic chemistry, especially for the synthesis of nanoporous materials. It offers some major advantages such as a significant shortening of the synthesis time and an improved promotion of nucleation. In the research here reported, microwave technology is applied for the synthesis of benzene bridged PMOs (periodic mesoporous organosilicas). PMOs are one of the latest innovations in the field of hybrid ordered mesoporous materials and have attracted much attention because of their feasibility in electronics, catalysis, separation and sorption applications. The different synthesis steps (stirring, aging and extraction) of the classical PMO synthesis are replaced by microwave-assisted synthesis steps. The characteristics of the as-synthesized materials are evaluated by X-ray diffraction, N2-sorption, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning- and transmission electron microscopy. The microwave-assisted synthesis drastically reduces the synthesis time by more than 40 hours without any loss in structural properties, such as mesoscale and molecular ordering. The porosity of the PMO materials has even been improved by more than 25%. Moreover, the number of handling/transfer steps and amounts of chemicals and waste are drastically reduced. The study also shows that there is a clear time (1 to 3 hours) and temperature frame (373 K to 403 K) wherein synthesis of benzene bridged PMO is optimal. In conclusion, the microwave-assisted synthesis pathway allows an improved material to be obtained in a more economical way i.e. a much shorter time with fewer chemicals and less waste.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000265919300024	Publication Date	2009-03-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0959-9428;1364-5501;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	20	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iwt			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:76844			Serial	2810
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	Author	Collart, O.; Cool, P.; van der Voort, P.; Meynen, V.; Vansant, E.F.; Houthoofd, K.J.; Grobet, P.J.; Lebedev, O.I.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Aluminum incorporation into MCM-48 toward the creation of Brønsted acidity			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	The journal of physical chemistry : B : condensed matter, materials, surfaces, interfaces and biophysical	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys Chem B
	Volume	108	Issue		Pages	13905-13912
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000224164000003	Publication Date	2004-09-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1520-6106;1520-5207;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.177	Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iuap P5/01			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.177; 2004 IF: 3.834
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:49014			Serial	92
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	Author	Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Vansant, E.F.; Kortunov, P.; Grinberg, F.; Kärger, J.; Mertens, M.; Lebedev, O.I.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Deposition of vanadium silicalite-1 nanoparticles on SBA-15 materials: structural and transport characteristics of SBA-VS-15			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	Microporous and mesoporous materials	Abbreviated Journal	Micropor Mesopor Mat
	Volume	99	Issue	1/2	Pages	14-22
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000243845200003	Publication Date	2006-10-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1387-1811;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.615	Times cited	23	Open Access
	Notes	FWO; GOA; Inside-Pores NoE (FP-EU)			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.615; 2007 IF: 2.210
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:61567			Serial	647
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	Author	Smeulders, G.; van Oers, C.; Van Havenbergh, K.; Houthoofd, K.; Mertens, M.; Martens, J.A.; Bals, S.; Maes, B.U.W.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.
	Title	Smart heating profiles for the synthesis of benzene bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	175	Issue		Pages	585-591
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Organic synthesis (ORSY)
	Abstract	In this study the effects of the heating rate and heating time on the formation of crystal-like benzene bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) are investigated. The time needed to heat up an autoclave during the hydrothermal treatment has shown to be crucial in the synthesis of PMOs, while the total duration of heating gave rise to only minor differences. By choosing a smart heating profile, superior PMO materials can be obtained in a short time. Different heating profiles in a range from one minute to one hour are adopted by microwave equipment and compared with conventional heating methods. The heating rate has a large influence on the porosity characteristics and the uniformity of the obtained particles. Moreover, two new alternative synthetic strategies to adopt the smart heating profile are presented, in order to give some possible solutions for the expensive microwave equipment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lausanne	Editor
	Language		Wos	000297875900069	Publication Date	2011-10-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Goa-Bof			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216; 2011 IF: 3.461
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93630			Serial	3044
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	Author	Vernimmen, J.; Meynen, V.; Mertens, M.; Lebedev, O.I.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Cool, P.
	Title	Formation of a Ti-siliceous trimodal material with macroholes, mesopores and zeolitic features via a one-pot templating synthesis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Journal of porous materials	Abbreviated Journal	J Porous Mat
	Volume	19	Issue	2	Pages	153-160
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	Based on a facile one-pot templating synthesis, using a TS-1 zeolite recipe whereby part of the zeolite structure directing agent is replaced by a mesopore templating agent, a trimodal material is formed. The resulting meso-TSM material combines mesoporosity (Ti-MCM-41) with zeolitic features (TS-1) and a unique sheet-like morphology with uniform macroporous voids (macroholes). Moreover, the macrohole formation, mesoporosity and zeolitic properties of the meso-TSM material can be controlled in a straightforward way by adjusting the length of the hydrothermal treatment. This newly developed material may imply great potential for catalytic redox applications and diffusion limitated processes because of its highly tunable character in all three dimensions (micro-, meso- and macroporous scale).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Kluwer Academic	Place of Publication	Boston, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000301187600002	Publication Date	2011-03-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1380-2224;1573-4854;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.624	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Goa			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.624; 2012 IF: 1.348
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88367			Serial	1257
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	Author	Liu, S.; Lebedev, O.I.; Mertens, M.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Vansant, E.F.
	Title	The merging of silica-surfactant microspheres under hydrothermal conditions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Microporous and mesoporous materials: zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials	Abbreviated Journal	Micropor Mesopor Mat
	Volume	116	Issue		Pages	141-146
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	Post-synthesis hydrothermal treatments have been used to improve the quality of MCM-41 materials. In our latest work, merging of surfactant-containing silica microspheres during the hydrothermal treatments was observed. Mechanistic insights and the different stages that are involved in the merging process can be summarized as follows. First, the surfaces of the starting microspheres open up due to the dissolution of silica. Then the dissolved silica species provide mass source for the formation of particle necks connecting two neighboring microspheres. Gradually, surfaces of the starting microspheres are flattened to meet the needs of further growth of the necks. Finally, some chain-like highly-ordered mesoporous structures up to several micrometers are formed. The observed merging of the surfactant-containing microspheres is a re-assembling process, which is under the control of electrostatic force between the dissolved silica species and the surfactant cations. The occluded surfactant cations in the precursor spheres play important roles in the merging process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000261133600021	Publication Date	2008-04-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1387-1811;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.615	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Goa			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.615; 2008 IF: 2.555
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:72021			Serial	1997
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	Author	Stevens, W.J.J.; Meynen, V.; Bruijn, E.; Lebedev, O.I.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Cool, P.; Vansant, E.F.
	Title	Mesoporous material formed by acidic hydrothermal assembly of silicalite-1 precursor nanoparticles in the absence of meso-templates			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Microporous and mesoporous materials: zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials	Abbreviated Journal	Micropor Mesopor Mat
	Volume	110	Issue	1	Pages	77-85
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000254056200010	Publication Date	2007-09-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1387-1811;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.615	Times cited	21	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Crp; Inside-Pores			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.615; 2008 IF: 2.555
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:68229			Serial	1998
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	Author	Ribbens, S.; Meynen, V.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ke, X.; Mertens, M.; Maes, B.U.W.; Cool, P.; Vansant, E.F.
	Title	Development of photocatalytic efficient Ti-based nanotubes and nanoribbons by conventional and microwave assisted synthesis strategies			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Microporous and mesoporous materials: zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials	Abbreviated Journal	Micropor Mesopor Mat
	Volume	114	Issue	1/3	Pages	401-409
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Organic synthesis (ORSY)
	Abstract	Titanate nanotubes were prepared via a hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 powders (Riedel De Haen) in a basic solution. Morphology and structure of the prepared samples were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), XRD, FT-Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption and DSC. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of rhodamine 6G. Trititanate nanotubes (TTNT) with inner pore diameters between 4 and 4.2 nm and surface areas up till 360 m(2)/g could be synthesized. The synthesis route was modified by introduction of a calcination step, by applying a lower hydrothermal temperature and microwave irradiation in order to increase the photocatalytic activity of the porous photoactive nanotubular materials. Calcination and a softer hydrothermal treatment led to the formation of anatase without affecting the surface area and nanotubular shape of the samples. In this way, the photocatalytic activity of the original trititanate nanotubes could be significantly increased. By making use of microwave assisted synthesis, the photocatalytic activity call also be increased due to the presence of anatase. However, by applying microwave synthesis, a different structure was obtained, nanoribbons (NR) instead of nanotubcs, resulting in a decrease in surface area and porosity.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000258432100040	Publication Date	2008-02-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1387-1811;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.615	Times cited	47	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Crp (Ua)			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.615; 2008 IF: 2.555
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:69696			Serial	683
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	Author	Vernimmen, J.; Meynen, V.; Herregods, S.J.F.; Mertens, M.; Lebedev, O.I.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Cool, P.
	Title	New insights in the formation of combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials by using a one-pot templating synthesis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	European journal of inorganic chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Eur J Inorg Chem
	Volume		Issue	27	Pages	4234-4240
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	Zeolitic growth is often absent or occurs in separate phases when synthetic strategies based on the combination of zeolite templates and mesopore templating agents are applied. In this work, zeolitic growth and mesopore formation have been investigated at different temperatures by applying a one-pot templating approach, based on a TS-1 zeolite synthesis whereby part of the microtemplate (tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, TPAOH) is replaced by a mesotemplate (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTMABr). Moreover, the synthesis duration and the molar ratio of the microtemplate/mesotemplate have also been studied. The different syntheses clearly show the inherent competitive mechanism between zeolitic growth and mesopore formation. These insights have led to the conclusion that by following a one-pot templating strategy with standard, nonexotic commercial templates, i.e. CTMABr and TPAOH, it is not possible to develop a true hierarchical mesoporous zeolite, meaning a mesoporous siliceous material with highly crystalline zeolitic walls. The resultant materials are instead combined zeolitic/mesoporous composite structures with, however, highly tuneable and controllable porosity characteristics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000296143500014	Publication Date	2011-08-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1434-1948;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.444	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.444; 2011 IF: 3.049
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:91574			Serial	2315
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	Author	Lebedev, O.I.; Turner, S.; Liu, S.; Cool, P.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	New nano-architectures of mesoporous silica spheres analyzed by advanced electron microscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	4	Issue	5	Pages	1722-1727
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	Using template-containing silica microspheres as a precursor, novel ordered mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a narrow pore size distribution and high crystallinity have been synthesized by various hydrothermal merging processes. Several architectures like chains, dumbbells, triangles, squares and flowers have been discovered. The linking mechanisms of these interacting silica spheres leading to the formation of ordered nano-structures are studied by HRTEM, HAADF-STEM and electron tomography and a plausible model is presented for several merging processes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000300433700051	Publication Date	2011-12-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364;2040-3372;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367; 2012 IF: 6.233
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:95038			Serial	2328
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	Author	Ribbens, S.; Beyers, E.; Schellens, K.; Mertens, M.; Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.
	Title	Systematic evaluation of thermal and mechanical stability of different commercial and synthetic photocatalysts in relation to their photocatalytic activity			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Microporous and mesoporous materials: zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials	Abbreviated Journal	Micropor Mesopor Mat
	Volume	156	Issue		Pages	62-72
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	The effect of thermal treatment and mechanical stress on the structural and photocatalytic properties of eight different (synthetic and commercial) photocatalysts has been thoroughly investigated. Different mesoporous Ti-based materials were prepared via surfactant based synthesis routes (e.g. Pluronic 123, CTMABr = Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) or via template-free synthesis routes (e.g. trititanate nanotubes). Also, the stabilizing effect of the NaOH/NH4OH post-treatment on the templated mesoporous materials and their photocatalytic activity was investigated. Furthermore, the thermal and mechanical properties of commercially available titanium dioxides such as P25 Evonik® and Millenium PC500® were studied. The various photocatalysts were analyzed with N2-sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) to obtain information concerning the specific surface area, pore volume, crystal structure, morphology, phase transitions, etc. In general, results show that the NaOH post-treatment leads to an increased control of the crystallization process during calcination resulting in a higher thermal stability, but at the same time diminishes the photocatalytic activity. Mesoporous materials in which pre-synthesized nanoparticles are used as titania source have the best mechanical stability whereas the mechanical stability of the nanotubes is the most limited. At increased temperatures and pressures, the tested commercial titanium dioxides lose their superior photocatalytic activity caused by a decreased accessibility of the active sites. The observed changes in adsorption capacities and photocatalytic activities cannot be assigned to one single phenomenon. In this respect, it shows the need to define a general/standard method to compare different photocatalysts. Furthermore, it is shown that the photocatalytic properties do not necessarily deteriorate under thermal stress, but can be improved due to crystallization, even though the initial material is (partially) destroyed. It is shown that the usefulness of a specific type of photocatalyst strongly depends on the application and the temperature/pressure to which it needs to resist.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000303625200010	Publication Date	2012-02-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1387-1811;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.615	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.615; 2012 IF: 3.365
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:96910			Serial	3466
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