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Author Wardenier, N.; Vanraes, P.; Nikiforov, A.; Van Hulle, S.W.H.; Leys, C. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Removal of micropollutants from water in a continuous-flow electrical discharge reactor Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Journal of hazardous materials Abbreviated Journal J Hazard Mater  
  Volume 362 Issue 362 Pages 238-245  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract The emergence of micropollutants into our aquatic resources is regarded as an issue of increasing environmental concern. To protect the aquatic environment against further contamination with micropollutants, treatment with advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is put forward as a promising technique. In this work, an innovative AOP based on electrical discharges in a continuous-flow pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor with falling water film over activated carbon textile is examined for its potential application in water treatment. The effect of various operational parameters including feed gas type, gas flow rate, water flow rate and power on removal and energy efficiency has been studied. To this end, a synthetic micropollutant mixture containing five pesticides (atrazine, alachlor, diuron, dichlorvos and pentachlorophenol), two pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine and 1,7-alpha-ethinylestradiol), and 1 plasticizer (bisphenol A) is used. While working under optimal conditions, energy consumption was situated in the range 2.42-4.25 kW h/m(3), which is about two times lower than the economically viable energy cost of AOPs (5 kW h/m(3)). Hence, the application of non-thermal plasma could be regarded as a promising alternative AOP for (industrial) wastewater remediation.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000449127500027 Publication Date 2018-08-30  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0304-3894 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 6.065 Times cited 13 Open Access OpenAccess  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 6.065  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:155358 Serial 5279  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Shaw, P.; Kumar, N.; Hammerschmid, D.; Privat-Maldonado, A.; Dewilde, S.; Bogaerts, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Synergistic Effects of Melittin and Plasma Treatment: A Promising Approach for Cancer Therapy Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Cancers Abbreviated Journal Cancers  
  Volume 11 Issue 8 Pages 1109  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Melittin (MEL), a small peptide component of bee venom, has been reported to exhibit anti-cancer effects in vitro and in vivo. However, its clinical applicability is disputed because of its non-specific cytotoxicity and haemolytic activity in high treatment doses. Plasma-treated phosphate buffered saline solution (PT-PBS), a solution rich in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) can disrupt the cell membrane integrity and induce cancer cell death through oxidative stress-mediated pathways. Thus, PT-PBS could be used in combination with MEL to facilitate its access into cancer cells and to reduce the required therapeutic dose. The aim of our study is to determine the reduction of the effective dose of MEL required to eliminate cancer cells by its combination with PT-PBS. For this purpose, we have optimised the MEL threshold concentration and tested the combined treatment of MEL and PT-PBS on A375 melanoma and MCF7 breast cancer cells, using in vitro, in ovo and in silico approaches. We investigated the cytotoxic effect of MEL and PT-PBS alone and in combination to reveal their synergistic cytological effects. To support the in vitro and in ovo experiments, we showed by computer simulations that plasma-induced oxidation of the phospholipid bilayer leads to a decrease of the free energy barrier for translocation of MEL in comparison with the non-oxidized bilayer, which also suggests a synergistic effect of MEL with plasma induced oxidation. Overall, our findings suggest that MEL in combination with PT-PBS can be a promising combinational therapy to circumvent the non-specific toxicity of MEL, which may help for clinical applicability in the future.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000484438000069 Publication Date 2019-08-03  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2072-6694 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited 1 Open Access  
  Notes We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO), grant number 12J5617N. We are thankful to Maksudbek Yusupov for his valuable discussions, and to the Center for Oncological Research (CORE), for providing the facilities for the experimental work. The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the University Antwerp, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI), and the University of Antwerp. Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:161630 Serial 5286  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Gorbanev, Y.; Golda, J.; Gathen, V.S.; Bogaerts, A url  doi
openurl 
  Title Applications of the COST Plasma Jet: More than a Reference Standard Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Plasma Abbreviated Journal Plasma  
  Volume 2 Issue 3 Pages 316-327  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract The rapid advances in the field of cold plasma research led to the development of many plasma jets for various purposes. The COST plasma jet was created to set a comparison standard between different groups in Europe and the world. Its physical and chemical properties are well studied, and diagnostics procedures are developed and benchmarked using this jet. In recent years, it has been used for various research purposes. Here, we present a brief overview of the reported applications of the COST plasma jet. Additionally, we discuss the chemistry of the plasma-liquid systems with this plasma jet, and the properties that make it an indispensable system for plasma research.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 2019-07-12  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2571-6182 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes We would like to thank Deborah O’Connell (York Plasma Institute, Department of Physics, University of York, United Kingdom) and Angela Privat-Maldonado (PLASMANT, University of Antwerp) for useful discussions. Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:161628 Serial 5287  
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Author Wardenier, N.; Gorbanev, Y.; Van Moer, I.; Nikiforov, A.; Van Hulle, S.W.H.; Surmont, P.; Lynen, F.; Leys, C.; Bogaerts, A.; Vanraes, P. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Removal of alachlor in water by non-thermal plasma: Reactive species and pathways in batch and continuous process Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Water research Abbreviated Journal Water Res  
  Volume 161 Issue Pages 549-559  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Pesticides are emerging contaminants frequently detected in the aquatic environment. In this work, a novel approach combining activated carbon adsorption, oxygen plasma treatment and ozonation was studied for the removal of the persistent chlorinated pesticide alachlor. A comparison was made between the removal efficiency and energy consumption for two different reactor operation modes: batchrecirculation and single-pass mode. The kinetics study revealed that the insufficient removal of alachlor by adsorption was significantly improved in terms of degradation efficiency and energy consumption when combined with the plasma treatment. The best efficiency (ca. 80% removal with an energy cost of 19.4 kWh mÀ3) was found for the single-pass operational mode of the reactor. In the batch-recirculating process, a complete elimination of alachlor by plasma treatment was observed after 30 min of treatment. Analysis of the reactive species induced by plasma in aqueous solutions showed that the decomposition of alachlor mainly occurred through a radical oxidation mechanism, with a minor contribution of long-living oxidants (O3, H2O2). Investigation of the alachlor oxidation pathways revealed six different oxidation mechanisms, including the loss of aromaticity which was never before reported for plasma-assisted degradation of aromatic pesticides. It was revealed that the removal rate and energy cost could be further improved with more than 50% by additional O3 gas bubbling in the solution reservoir.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000475999400054 Publication Date 2019-06-10  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0043-1354 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 6.942 Times cited 2 Open Access  
  Notes PlasmaTex project IWT, 1408/2 ; the European Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship within Horizon2020, 743151 ; Flemish Knowledge Centre Water; This work was financially supported by the PlasmaTex project IWT 1408/2 and the European Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship within Horizon2020 (‘LTPAM’, grant no. 743151). This research was initiated within the LED H2O project which is financially supported by the Flemish Knowledge Centre Water (Vlakwa). Approved Most recent IF: 6.942  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:161173 Serial 5288  
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Author Bekeschus, S.; Freund, E.; Spadola, C.; Privat-Maldonado, A.; Hackbarth, C.; Bogaerts, A.; Schmidt, A.; Wende, K.; Weltmann, K.-D.; von Woedtke, T.; Heidecke, C.-D.; Partecke, L.-I.; Käding, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Risk Assessment of kINPen Plasma Treatment of Four Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Lines with Respect to Metastasis Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Cancers Abbreviated Journal Cancers  
  Volume 11 Issue 9 Pages 1237  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Cold physical plasma has limited tumor growth in many preclinical models and is, therefore, suggested as a putative therapeutic option against cancer. Yet, studies investigating the cells’ metastatic behavior following plasma treatment are scarce, although being of prime importance to evaluate the safety of this technology. Therefore, we investigated four human pancreatic cancer cell lines for their metastatic behavior in vitro and in chicken embryos (in ovo). Pancreatic cancer was chosen as it is particularly metastatic to the peritoneum and systemically, which is most predictive for outcome. In vitro, treatment with the kINPen plasma jet reduced pancreatic cancer cell activity and viability, along with unchanged or decreased motility. Additionally, the expression of adhesion markers relevant for metastasis was down-regulated, except for increased CD49d. Analysis of 3D tumor spheroid outgrowth showed a lack of plasma-spurred metastatic behavior. Finally, analysis of tumor tissue grown on chicken embryos validated the absence of an increase of metabolically active cells physically or chemically detached with plasma treatment. We conclude that plasma treatment is a safe and promising therapeutic option and that it does not promote metastatic behavior in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in ovo.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000489719000022 Publication Date 2019-08-23  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2072-6694 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited 4 Open Access  
  Notes The authors acknowledge that this work was supported by grants funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), grant number 03Z22DN11. We want to thank the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) for providing funding to APM under the “long stay abroad” scheme (grant code V415618N). APM and AB acknowledge financial support from the Methusalem project. Technical support by Felix Niessner and Antje Janetzko is gratefully acknowledged. Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:162106 Serial 5357  
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Author Vanmeert, M.; Razzokov, J.; Mirza, M.U.; Weeks, S.D.; Schepers, G.; Bogaerts, A.; Rozenski, J.; Froeyen, M.; Herdewijn, P.; Pinheiro, V.B.; Lescrinier, E. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Rational design of an XNA ligase through docking of unbound nucleic acids to toroidal proteins Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Nucleic acids research Abbreviated Journal Nucleic Acids Res  
  Volume 47 Issue 13 Pages 7130-7142  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Xenobiotic nucleic acids (XNA) are nucleic acid analogues not present in nature that can be used for the storage of genetic information. In vivo XNA applications could be developed into novel biocontainment strategies, but are currently limited by the challenge of developing XNA processing enzymes such as polymerases, ligases and nucleases. Here, we present a structure-guided modelling-based strategy for the rational design of those enzymes essential for the development of XNA molecular biology. Docking of protein domains to unbound double-stranded nucleic acids is used to generate a first approximation of the extensive interaction of nucleic acid processing enzymes with their substrate. Molecular dynamics is used to optimise that prediction allowing, for the first time, the accurate prediction of how proteins that form toroidal complexes with nucleic acids interact with their substrate. Using the Chlorella virus DNA ligase as a proof of principle, we recapitulate the ligase's substrate specificity and successfully predict how to convert it into an XNA-templated XNA ligase.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000490556600047 Publication Date 2019-07-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0305-1048 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 10.162 Times cited 1 Open Access  
  Notes European Research Council, FP7/2007-2013 ERC-2012-ADG 20120216/320683 ; KU Leuven, OT/14/128 ; Biotechnology and Biosciences Research Council, BB/N01023X/1 BB/N010221/1 ; Authors are grateful to Prof. Dr A.M.J.J. (Alexandre) Bonvin from the University of Utrecht and the WeNMR institute for his expert contribution. We have greatly benefited from discussions and help from numerous postdocs over the years (in particular, Dr E. Groaz, Dr E. Eremeeva, Dr J. Masschelein, Dr S. Xiaoping and Dr M. Renders) as well as graduate student D. Kestemont and undergraduate student M. Abdel Fattah Ismail. We express our gratitude to L. Margamuljana for helpful discussions and excellent technical assistance on in vitro experiments. Approved Most recent IF: 10.162  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:162105 Serial 5359  
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Author Bogaerts, A.; Zhang, Q.-Z.; Zhang, Y.-R.; Van Laer, K.; Wang, W. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Burning questions of plasma catalysis: Answers by modeling Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Catalysis today Abbreviated Journal Catal Today  
  Volume 337 Issue Pages 3-14  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Plasma catalysis is promising for various environmental, energy and chemical synthesis applications, but the underlying mechanisms are far from understood. Modeling can help to obtain a better insight in these mechanisms. Some burning questions relate to the plasma behavior inside packed bed reactors and whether plasma can penetrate into catalyst pores. In this paper, we try to provide answers to these questions, by means of both fluid modeling and particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision simulations. We present a short overview of recent findings obtained in our group by means of modeling, i.e., the enhanced electric field near the contact points and the streamer propagation through the packing in packed bed reactors, as well as the plasma behavior in catalyst pores, to determine the minimum pore size in which plasma streamers can penetrate.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000482179500002 Publication Date 2019-04-24  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0920-5861 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.636 Times cited 7 Open Access  
  Notes University of Antwerp, the European Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships “GlidArc”; “CryoEtch” within Horizon2020, 657304 702604 ;We would like to thank H.-H. Kim for performing experiments to validate the modeling of streamer propagation in packed bed reactors. We acknowledge financial support from the TOP-BOF project of the University of Antwerp, the European Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowships “GlidArc” and “CryoEtch” within Horizon2020 (Grant Nos. 657304 and 702604). Approved Most recent IF: 4.636  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:161775 Serial 5356  
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Author Ghasemitarei, M.; Yusupov, M.; Razzokov, J.; Shokri, B.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Effect of oxidative stress on cystine transportation by xC‾ antiporter Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Archives of biochemistry and biophysics Abbreviated Journal Arch Biochem Biophys  
  Volume 674 Issue Pages 108114  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract We performed computer simulations to investigate the effect of oxidation on the extracellular cystine (CYC) uptake by the xC− antiporter. The latter is important for killing of cancer cells. Specifically, applying molecular dynamics (MD) simulations we studied the transport of CYC across xCT, i.e., the light subunit of the xC− antiporter, in charge of bidirectional transport of CYC and glutamate. We considered the outward facing (OF) configuration of xCT, and to study the effect of oxidation, we modified the Cys327 residue, located in the vicinity of the extracellular milieu, to cysteic acid (CYO327). Our computational results showed that oxidation of Cys327 results in a free energy barrier for CYC translocation, thereby blocking the access of CYC to the substrate binding site of the OF system. The formation of the energy barrier was found to be due to the conformational changes in the channel. Analysis of the MD trajectories revealed that the reorganization of the side chains of the Tyr244 and CYO327 residues play a critical role in the OF channel blocking. Indeed, the calculated distance between Tyr244 and either Cys327 or CYO327 showed a narrowing of the channel after oxidation. The obtained free energy barrier for CYC translocation was found to be 33.9kJmol−1, indicating that oxidation of Cys327, by e.g., cold atmospheric plasma, is more effective in inhibiting the xC− antiporter than in the mutation of this amino acid to Ala (yielding a barrier of 32.4kJmol−1). The inhibition of the xC− antiporter may lead to Cys starvation in some cancer cells, eventually resulting in cancer cell death.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000525439700011 Publication Date 2019-09-23  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-9861 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.165 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran; University of Antwerp; Research Foundation − Flanders, 1200219N ; Universiteit Antwerpen; Hercules Foundation; Flemish Government; UA; M. G. acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of Iran and from the University of Antwerp in Belgium. M. Y. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Research Foundation − Flanders (FWO), grant number 1200219N. The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UA. Finally, we thank A. S. Mashayekh Esfehan and A. Mohseni for their important comments on the manuscript. Approved Most recent IF: 3.165  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:163474 Serial 5372  
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Author Privat-Maldonado, A.; Schmidt, A.; Lin, A.; Weltmann, K.-D.; Wende, K.; Bogaerts, A.; Bekeschus, S. url  doi
openurl 
  Title ROS from Physical Plasmas: Redox Chemistry for Biomedical Therapy Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity Abbreviated Journal Oxid Med Cell Longev  
  Volume 2019 Issue Pages 1-29  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Physical plasmas generate unique mixes of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS or ROS). Only a bit more than a decade ago, these plasmas, operating at body temperature, started to be considered for medical therapy with considerably little mechanistic redox chemistry or biomedical research existing on that topic at that time. Today, a vast body of evidence is available on physical plasma-derived ROS, from their spatiotemporal resolution in the plasma gas phase to sophisticated chemical and biochemical analysis of these species once dissolved in liquids. Data from<italic>in silico</italic>analysis dissected potential reaction pathways of plasma-derived reactive species with biological membranes, and<italic>in vitro</italic>and<italic>in vivo</italic>experiments in cell and animal disease models identified molecular mechanisms and potential therapeutic benefits of physical plasmas. In 2013, the first medical plasma systems entered the European market as class IIa devices and have proven to be a valuable resource in dermatology, especially for supporting the healing of chronic wounds. The first results in cancer patients treated with plasma are promising, too. Due to the many potentials of this blooming new field ahead, there is a need to highlight the main concepts distilled from plasma research in chemistry and biology that serve as a mechanistic link between plasma physics (how and which plasma-derived ROS are produced) and therapy (what is the medical benefit). This inevitably puts cellular membranes in focus, as these are the natural interphase between ROS produced by plasmas and translation of their chemical reactivity into distinct biological responses.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000493001000003 Publication Date 2019-10-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1942-0900 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.593 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes KW and SB acknowledge funding by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (grant numbers 03Z22DN11 and 03Z22DN12). The work of SB is further supported by the European Social Fund (grant number ESF/14-BM-A55-0006). APM and AB acknowledge funding by the Methusalem Project. AL acknowledges funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (grant number 12S9218N). APM thanks Yury Gorbanev for his assistance with the preparation of this review. Approved Most recent IF: 4.593  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:163476 Serial 5373  
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Author Oliveira, M.C.; Yusupov, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Cordeiro, R.M. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Molecular dynamics simulations of mechanical stress on oxidized membranes Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Biophysical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Biophys Chem  
  Volume 254 Issue Pages 106266  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Biomembranes are under constant attack of free radicals that may lead to lipid oxidation in conditions of oxidative stress. The products generated during lipid oxidation are responsible for structural and dynamical changes which may jeopardize the membrane function. For instance, the local rearrangements of oxidized lipid molecules may induce membrane rupture. In this study, we investigated the effects of mechanical stress on oxidized phospholipid bilayers (PLBs). Model bilayers were stretched until pore formation (or poration) using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations. We studied single-component homogeneous membranes composed of lipid oxidation products, as well as two-component heterogeneous membranes with coexisting native and oxidized domains. In homogeneous membranes, the oxidation products with —OH and —OOH groups reduced the areal strain required for pore formation, whereas the oxidation product with ]O group behaved similarly to the native membrane. In heterogeneous membranes composed of oxidized and non-oxidized domains, we tested the hypothesis according to which poration may be facilitated at the domain interface region. However, results were inconclusive due to their large statistical variance and sensitivity to simulation setup parameters. We pointed out important technical issues that need to be considered in future simulations of mechanically-induced poration of heterogeneous membranes. This research is of interest for photodynamic therapy and plasma medicine, because ruptured and intact plasma membranes are experimentally considered hallmarks of necrotic and apoptotic cell death.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000502890900015 Publication Date 2019-09-13  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0301-4622 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.402 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes São Paulo Research Foundation, 2012/50680-5 ; National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development, 459270/2014-1 ; We are thankful for the financial support received from the São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) (grant no. 2012/50680-5) and from the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) (grant no. 459270/2014-1). MCO acknowledges UFABC for the Master's scholarship granted. Approved Most recent IF: 2.402  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:163477 Serial 5374  
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Author Kang, T.-Y.; Kwon, J.-S.; Kumar, N.; Choi, E.; Kim, K.-M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Effects of a Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet with Different Gas Sources and Modes of Treatment on the Fate of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Applied Sciences Abbreviated Journal Appl Sci-Basel  
  Volume 9 Issue 22 Pages 4819  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Despite numerous attempts to use human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in the field of tissue engineering, the control of their differentiation remains challenging. Here, we investigated possible applications of a non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma jet (NTAPPJ) to control the differentiation of hMSCs. An air- or nitrogen-based NTAPPJ was applied to hMSCs in culture media, either directly or by media treatment in which the cells were plated after the medium was exposed to the NTAPPJ. The durations of exposure were 1, 2, and 4 min, and the control was not exposed to the NTAPPJ. The initial attachment of the cells was assessed by a water-soluble tetrazolium assay, and the gene expression in the cells was assessed through reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence staining. The results showed that the gene expression in the hMSCs was generally increased by the NTAPPJ exposure, but the enhancement was dependent on the conditions of the exposure, such as the source of the gas and the treatment method used. These results were attributed to the chemicals in the extracellular environment and the reactive oxygen species generated by the plasma. Hence, it was concluded that by applying the best conditions for the NTAPPJ exposure of hMSCs, the control of hMSC differentiation was possible, and therefore, exposure to an NTAPPJ is a promising method for tissue engineering.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000502570800096 Publication Date 2019-11-11  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2076-3417 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.679 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes The plasma source was kindly provided by the Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Kwangwoon University. Approved Most recent IF: 1.679  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:164893 Serial 5435  
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Author Attri, P.; Razzokov, J.; Yusupov, M.; Koga, K.; Shiratani, M.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Influence of osmolytes and ionic liquids on the Bacteriorhodopsin structure in the absence and presence of oxidative stress: A combined experimental and computational study Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication International Journal Of Biological Macromolecules Abbreviated Journal Int J Biol Macromol  
  Volume 148 Issue Pages 657-665  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Understanding the folding and stability of membrane proteins is of great importance in protein science. Recently, osmolytes and ionic liquids (ILs) are increasingly being used as drug delivery systems in the biopharmaceutical industry. However, the stability of membrane proteins in the presence of osmolytes and ILs is not yet fully understood. Besides, the effect of oxidative stress on membrane proteins with osmolytes or ILs has not been investigated. Therefore, we studied the influence of osmolytes and ILs as co-solvents on the stability of a model membrane protein (i.e., Bacteriorhodopsin in purple membrane of Halobacterium salinarum), using UV–Vis spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The MD simulations allowed us to determine the flexibility and solvent accessible surface area (SASA) of Bacteriorhodopsin protein in the presence and/or absence of cosolvents, as well as to carry out principal component analysis (PCA) to identify the most important movements in this protein. In addition, by means of UV–Vis spectroscopy we studied the effect of oxidative stress generated by cold atmospheric plasma on the stability of Bacteriorhodopsin in the presence and/or absence of co-solvents. This study is important for a better understanding of the stability of proteins in the presence of oxidative stress.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000522094600066 Publication Date 2020-01-20  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0141-8130 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 8.2 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Horizon2020, 743546 ; JSPS, 19H05462 16H03895 ; Nagoya University; We gratefully acknowledge the European Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship “Anticancer-PAM” within Horizon2020 (grant number 743546). This work was also supported by JSPS-KAKENHI 19H05462 and 16H03895, the joint usage/research program of Center for Low-temperature Plasma Science, Nagoya University and also supported by JSPS and RCL under the Japan-Lithuania Research Cooperative Program. The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UA. Approved Most recent IF: 8.2; 2020 IF: 3.671  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:165585 Serial 5444  
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Author Rezaei, F.; Vanraes, P.; Nikiforov, A.; Morent, R.; De Geyter, N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Applications of plasma-liquid systems : a review Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Materials Abbreviated Journal Materials  
  Volume 12 Issue 17 Pages 2751  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Plasma-liquid systems have attracted increasing attention in recent years, owing to their high potential in material processing and nanoscience, environmental remediation, sterilization, biomedicine, and food applications. Due to the multidisciplinary character of this scientific field and due to its broad range of established and promising applications, an updated overview is required, addressing the various applications of plasma-liquid systems till now. In the present review, after a brief historical introduction on this important research field, the authors aimed to bring together a wide range of applications of plasma-liquid systems, including nanomaterial processing, water analytical chemistry, water purification, plasma sterilization, plasma medicine, food preservation and agricultural processing, power transformers for high voltage switching, and polymer solution treatment. Although the general understanding of plasma-liquid interactions and their applications has grown significantly in recent decades, it is aimed here to give an updated overview on the possible applications of plasma-liquid systems. This review can be used as a guide for researchers from different fields to gain insight in the history and state-of-the-art of plasma-liquid interactions and to obtain an overview on the acquired knowledge in this field up to now.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000488880300104 Publication Date 2019-08-27  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1996-1944 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.654 Times cited 4 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.654  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:163805 Serial 6285  
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Author Van der Paal, J.; Fridman, G.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Ceramide cross-linking leads to pore formation: Potential mechanism behind CAP enhancement of transdermal drug delivery Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Plasma processes and polymers Abbreviated Journal Plasma Process Polym  
  Volume 16 Issue 16 Pages 1900122  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract In recent years, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been proposed as a novel method to enhance transdermal drug delivery, while avoiding tissue damage. However, the underlying mechanism for the increasing skin permeability upon CAP treatment is still undefined. We propose a mechanism in which CAP-generated reactive species induce cross-linking of skin lipids, leading to the generation of nanopores, thereby facilitating the permeation of drug molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations support this proposed mechanism. Furthermore, our results indicate that to achieve maximum enhancement of the permeability, the optimal treatment will depend on the exact lipid composition of the skin, as well as on the CAP source used.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000479747500001 Publication Date 2019-07-30  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1612-8850 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.846 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.846  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:161874 Serial 6287  
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Author Nematollahi, P.; Neyts, E.C. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Direct methane conversion to methanol on M and MN4 embedded graphene (M = Ni and Si): a comparative DFT study Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Applied surface science Abbreviated Journal Appl Surf Sci  
  Volume 496 Issue 496 Pages 143618  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract The ever increasing global production and dispersion of methane requires novel chemistry to transform it into easily condensable energy carriers that can be integrated into the chemical infrastructure. In this context, single atom catalysts have attracted considerable interest due to their outstanding catalytic activity. We here use density functional theory (DFT) computations to compare the reaction and activation energies of M and MN4 embedded graphene (M = Ni and Si) on the methane-to-methanol conversion near room temperature. Thermodynamically, conversion of methane to methanol is energetically favorable at ambient conditions. Both singlet and triplet spin state of the studied systems are considered in all of the calculations. The DFT results show that the barriers are significantly lower when the complexes are in the triplet state than in the singlet state. In particular, Si-G with the preferred spin multiplicity of triplet seems to be viable catalysts for methane oxidation thanks to the corresponding lower energy barriers and higher stability of the obtained configurations. Our results provide insights into the nature of methane conversion and may serve as guidance for fabricating cost-effective graphene-based single atom catalysts.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000488957400004 Publication Date 2019-08-12  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0169-4332 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.387 Times cited 2 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.387  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:163695 Serial 6294  
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Author Vohra, A.; Khanam, A.; Slotte, J.; Makkonen, I.; Pourtois, G.; Porret, C.; Loo, R.; Vandervorst, W. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Heavily phosphorus doped germanium : strong interaction of phosphorus with vacancies and impact of tin alloying on doping activation Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 125 Issue 22 Pages 225703  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract We examined the vacancy trapping proficiency of Sn and P atoms in germanium using positron annihilation spectroscopy measurements, sensitive to the open-volume defects. Epitaxial Ge1 xSnx films were grown by chemical vapor deposition with different P concentrations in the 3: 0 1019-1: 5 1020 cm 3 range. We corroborate our findings with first principles simulations. Codoping of Ge with a Sn concentration of up to 9% is not an efficient method to suppress the free vacancy concentration and the formation of larger phosphorus-vacancy complexes. Experimental results confirm an increase in the number of P atoms around the monovacancy with P-doping, leading to dopant deactivation in epitaxial germanium-tin layers with similar Sn content. Vice versa, no impact on the improvement of maximum achieved P activation in Ge with increasing Sn-doping has been observed. Theoretical calculations also confirm that Pn-V (vacancy) complexes are energetically more stable than the corresponding SnmPn-V and Snm-V defect structures with the same number of alien atoms (Sn or P) around the monovacancy. he strong attraction of vacancies to the phosphorus atoms remains the dominant dopant deactivation mechanism in Ge as well as in Ge1 xSnx. Published under license by AIP Publishing.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000471698600044 Publication Date 2019-06-10  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0021-8979; 1089-7550 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 1 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:161333 Serial 6300  
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Author Van der Paal, J.; Hong, S.-H.; Yusupov, M.; Gaur, N.; Oh, J.-S.; Short, R.D.; Szili, E.J.; Bogaerts, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title How membrane lipids influence plasma delivery of reactive oxygen species into cells and subsequent DNA damage : an experimental and computational study Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Physical chemistry, chemical physics Abbreviated Journal Phys Chem Chem Phys  
  Volume 21 Issue 35 Pages 19327-19341  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract The mechanisms of plasma in medicine are broadly attributed to plasma-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). In order to exert any intracellular effects, these plasma-derived RONS must first traverse a major barrier in the cell membrane. The cell membrane lipid composition, and thereby the magnitude of this barrier, is highly variable between cells depending on type and state (e.g. it is widely accepted that healthy and cancerous cells have different membrane lipid compositions). In this study, we investigate how plasma-derived RONS interactions with lipid membrane components can potentially be exploited in the future for treatment of diseases. We couple phospholipid vesicle experiments, used as simple cell models, with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the lipid membrane to provide new insights into how the interplay between phospholipids and cholesterol may influence the response of healthy and diseased cell membranes to plasma-derived RONS. We focus on the (i) lipid tail saturation degree, (ii) lipid head group type, and (iii) membrane cholesterol fraction. Using encapsulated molecular probes, we study the influence of the above membrane components on the ingress of RONS into the vesicles, and subsequent DNA damage. Our results indicate that all of the above membrane components can enhance or suppress RONS uptake, depending on their relative concentration within the membrane. Further, we show that higher RONS uptake into the vesicles does not always correlate with increased DNA damage, which is attributed to ROS reactivity and lifetime. The MD simulations indicate the multifactorial chemical and physical processes at play, including (i) lipid oxidation, (ii) lipid packing, and (iii) lipid rafts formation. The methods and findings presented here provide a platform of knowledge that could be leveraged in the development of therapies relying on the action of plasma, in which the cell membrane and oxidative stress response in cells is targeted.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000486175400045 Publication Date 2019-08-21  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1463-9076; 1463-9084 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.123 Times cited 1 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 4.123  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:162782 Serial 6303  
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Author Katiyar, K.S.; Lin, A.; Fridman, A.; Keating, C.E.; Cullen, D.K.; Miller, V. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Non-thermal plasma accelerates astrocyte regrowth and neurite regeneration following physical trauma in vitro Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Applied Sciences Abbreviated Journal Appl Sci-Basel  
  Volume 9 Issue 18 Pages 3747  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Non-thermal plasma (NTP), defined as a partially ionized gas, is an emerging technology with several biomedical applications, including tissue regeneration. In particular, NTP treatment has been shown to activate endogenous biological processes to promote cell regrowth, differentiation, and proliferation in multiple cell types. However, the effects of this therapy on nervous system regeneration have not yet been established. Accordingly, the current study explored the effects of a nanosecond-pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma on neural regeneration. Following mechanical trauma in vitro, plasma was applied either directly to (1) astrocytes alone, (2) neurons alone, or (3) neurons or astrocytes in a non-contact co-culture. Remarkably, we identified NTP treatment intensities that accelerated both neurite regeneration and astrocyte regrowth. In astrocyte cultures alone, an exposure of 20-90 mJ accelerated astrocyte re-growth up to three days post-injury, while neurons required lower treatment intensities (<= 20 mJ) to achieve sub-lethal outgrowth. Following injury to neurons in non-contact co-culture with astrocytes, 20 mJ exposure of plasma to only neurons or astrocytes resulted in increased neurite regeneration at three days post-treatment compared to the untreated, but no enhancement was observed when both cell types were treated. At day seven, although regeneration further increased, NTP did not elicit a significant increase from the control. However, plasma exposure at higher intensities was found to be injurious, underscoring the need to optimize exposure levels. These results suggest that growth-promoting physiological responses may be elicited via properly calibrated NTP treatment to neurons and/or astrocytes. This could be exploited to accelerate neurite re-growth and modulate neuron-astrocyte interactions, thereby hastening nervous system regeneration.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000489115200107 Publication Date 2019-09-09  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2076-3417 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.679 Times cited 2 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.679  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:163799 Serial 6312  
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Author Khalili, M.; Daniels, L.; Lin, A.; Krebs, F.C.; Snook, A.E.; Bekeschus, S.; Bownel, W.B.; Miller, V. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Non-thermal plasma-induced immunogenic cell death in cancer Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Journal of physics: D: applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Phys D Appl Phys  
  Volume 52 Issue 42 Pages 423001  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Recent advances in biomedical research in cancer immunotherapy have identified the use of an oxidative stress-based approach to treat cancers, which works by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) in cancer cells. Since the anti-cancer effects of non-thermal plasma (NTP) are largely attributed to the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that are delivered to and generated inside the target cancer cells, it is reasonable to postulate that NTP would be an effective modality for ICD induction. NTP treatment of tumors has been shown to destroy cancer cells rapidly and, under specific treatment regimens, this leads to systemic tumorspecific immunity. The translational benefit of NTP for treatment of cancer relies on its ability to enhance the interactions between NTP-exposed minor cells and local immune cells which initiates subsequent protective immune responses. This review discusses results from recent investigations of NTP application to induce ICD in cancer cells. With further optimization of clinical devices and treatment protocols, NTP can become an essential part of the therapeutic armament against cancer.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000479103100001 Publication Date 2019-07-13  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0022-3727 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.588 Times cited 6 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.588  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:161774 Serial 6313  
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Author Zhou, R.; Zhou, R.; Xian, Y.; Fang, Z.; Lu, X.; Bazaka, K.; Bogaerts, A.; Ostrikov, K.(K.) pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Plasma-enabled catalyst-free conversion of ethanol to hydrogen gas and carbon dots near room temperature Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Chemical Engineering Journal Abbreviated Journal Chem Eng J  
  Volume 382 Issue 382 Pages 122745  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Selective conversion of bio-renewable ethanol under mild conditions especially at room temperature remains a major challenge for sustainable production of hydrogen and valuable carbon-based materials. In this study, adaptive non-thermal plasma is applied to deliver pulsed energy to rapidly and selectively reform ethanol in the absence of a catalyst. Importantly, the carbon atoms in ethanol that would otherwise be released into the environment in the form of CO or CO2 are effectively captured in the form of carbon dots (CDs). Three modes of non-thermal spark plasma discharges, i.e. single spark mode (SSM), multiple spark mode (MSM) and gliding spark mode (GSM), provide additional flexibility in ethanol reforming by controlling the processes of energy transfer and distribution, thereby affecting the flow rate, gas content, and energy consumption in H-2 production. A favourable combination of low temperature (< 40 degrees C), attractive conversion rate (gas flow rate of similar to 120 mL/min), high hydrogen yield (H-2 content > 90%), low energy consumption (similar to 0.96 kWh/m(3) H-2) and the effective generation of photoluminescent CDs (which are applicable for bioimaging or biolabelling) in the MSM indicate that the proposed strategy may offer a new carbon-negative avenue for comprehensive utilization of alcohols and mitigating the increasingly severe energy and environmental issues.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000503381200200 Publication Date 2019-09-07  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1385-8947; 1873-3212 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 15.1 Times cited 20 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 15.1; 2020 IF: 6.216  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:165648 Serial 6318  
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Author Heirman, P.; Van Boxem, W.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Reactivity and stability of plasma-generated oxygen and nitrogen species in buffered water solution: a computational study Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Physical chemistry, chemical physics Abbreviated Journal Phys Chem Chem Phys  
  Volume 21 Issue 24 Pages 12881-12894  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Plasma-treated liquids have great potential for biomedical applications. However, insight into the underlying mechanisms and the exact chemistry is still scarce. In this study, we present the combination of a 0D chemical kinetics and a 2D fluid dynamics model to investigate the plasma treatment of a buffered water solution with the kINPen (R) plasma jet. Using this model, we calculated the gas and liquid flow profiles and the transport and chemistry of all species in the gas and the liquid phase. Moreover, we evaluated the stability of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species after plasma treatment. We found that of all species, only H2O2, HNO2/NO2-, and HNO3/NO3- are stable in the buffered solution after plasma treatment. This is because both their production and loss processes in the liquid phase are dependent on short-lived radicals (e.g. OH, NO, and NO2). Apart from some discrepancy in the absolute values of the concentrations, which can be explained by the model, all general trends and observations in our model are in qualitative agreement with experimental data and literature.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000472214000012 Publication Date 2019-05-29  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1463-9076; 1463-9084 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.123 Times cited 7 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 4.123  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:161314 Serial 6320  
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Author Sun, J.-Y.; Wen, D.-Q.; Zhang, Q.-Z.; Liu, Y.-X.; Wang, Y.-N. url  doi
openurl 
  Title The effects of electron surface interactions in geometrically symmetric capacitive RF plasmas in the presence of different electrode surface materials Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Physics of plasmas Abbreviated Journal Phys Plasmas  
  Volume 26 Issue 6 Pages 063505  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision (PIC/MCC) simulations are performed to investigate the asymmetric secondary electron emission (SEE) effects when electrons strike two different material electrodes in low pressure capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs). To describe the electron-surface interactions, a realistic model, considering the primary electron impact energy and angle, as well as the corresponding surface property-dependent secondary electron yields, is employed in PIC/MCC simulations. In this model, three kinds of electrons emitted from the surface are considered: (i) elastically reflected electrons, (ii) inelastically backscattered electrons, and (iii) electron induced secondary electrons (SEs, i.e., delta-electrons). Here, we examined the effects of electron-surface interactions on the ionization dynamics and plasma characteristics of an argon discharge. The discharge is driven by a voltage source of 13.56MHz with amplitudes in the range of 200-2000V. The grounded electrode material is copper (Cu) for all cases, while the powered electrode material is either Cu or silicon dioxide (SiO2). The simulations reveal that the electron impact-induced SEE is an essential process at low pressures, especially at high voltages. Different electrode materials result in an asymmetric response of SEE. Depending on the instantaneous local sheath potential and the phase of the SEE, these SEs either are reflected by the opposite sheath or strike the electrode surface, where they can induce delta-electrons upon their residual energies. It is shown that highly energetic delta-electrons contribute significantly to the ionization rate and a self-bias forms when the powered electrode material is assumed to be made of SiO2. Complex dynamics is observed due to the multiple electron-surface interaction processes and asymmetric yields of SEs in CCPs.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000474440600043 Publication Date 2019-06-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1070-664x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.115 Times cited 1 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.115  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:161353 Serial 6327  
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Author Fukuhara, S.; Bal, K.M.; Neyts, E.C.; Shibuta, Y. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Accelerated molecular dynamics simulation of large systems with parallel collective variable-driven hyperdynamics Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Computational Materials Science Abbreviated Journal Comp Mater Sci  
  Volume 177 Issue Pages 109581  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract The limitation in time and length scale is a major issue of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Although several methods have been developed to extend the MD time scale, their performance usually deteriorates with increasing system size. Therefore, an acceleration method which is applicable to large systems is required to bridge the gap between the MD simulations and target phenomena. In this study, an accelerated MD method for large system is developed based on the collective variable-driven hyperdynamics (CVHD) method [K.M. Bal and E.C. Neyts, 2015]. The key idea is to run CVHD in parallel with rate control and accelerate multiple possible events simultaneously. Using this novel method, carbon diffusion in bcc-iron bicrystal with grain boundary is examined as an application for practical materials. Carbon atoms reaching at the grain boundary are trapped whereas carbon atoms in the bulk region diffuse randomly, and both dynamic regimes can be simultaneously accelerated with the parallel CVHD technique.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000519576300001 Publication Date 2020-02-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0927-0256 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.3 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes JSPS, J22727 ; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; This work was supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) (No.19H02415) and Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Research Fellow (No.18J22727) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Japan. S.F. was supported by JSPS through the Program for Leading Graduate Schools (MERIT). Data availability The data required to reproduce these findings are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request. Approved Most recent IF: 3.3; 2020 IF: 2.292  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:166773 Serial 6333  
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Author Sun, S.R.; Wang, H.X.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Chemistry reduction of complex CO2chemical kinetics: application to a gliding arc plasma Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Plasma Sources Science & Technology Abbreviated Journal Plasma Sources Sci T  
  Volume 29 Issue 2 Pages 025012  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract A gliding arc (GA) plasma has great potential for CO2 conversion into value-added chemicals, because of its high energy efficiency. To improve the application, a 2D/3D fluid model is needed to investigate the CO2 conversion mechanisms in the actual discharge geometry. Therefore, the complex CO2 chemical kinetics description must be reduced due to the huge computational cost associated with 2D/3D models. This paper presents a chemistry reduction method for CO2 plasmas, based on the so-called directed relation graph method. Depending on the defined threshold values, some marginal species are identified. By means of a sensitivity analysis, we can further reduce the chemistry set by removing one by one the marginal species. Based on the socalled flux-sensitivity coupling, we obtain a reduced CO2 kinetics model, consisting of 36 or 15 species (depending on whether the 21 asymmetric mode vibrational states of CO2 are explicitly included or lumped into one group), which is applied to a GA discharge. The results are compared with those predicted with the full chemistry set, and very good agreement is reached. Moreover, the range of validity of the reduced CO2 chemistry set is checked, telling us that this reduced set is suitable for low power GA discharges. Finally, the time and spatial evolution of the CO2 plasma characteristics are presented, based on a 2D model with the reduced kinetics.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000525600600001 Publication Date 2020-02-11  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1361-6595 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.8 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes We acknowledge financial support from the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO; Grant No. G.0383.16 N). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. This work was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. (Grant Nos. 11735004, 11575019). SR Sun thanks the financial support from the National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX20180029). Approved Most recent IF: 3.8; 2020 IF: 3.302  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:167135 Serial 6338  
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Author Cordeiro, R.M.; Yusupov, M.; Razzokov, J.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Parametrization and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Nitrogen Oxyanions and Oxyacids for Applications in Atmospheric and Biomolecular Sciences Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Journal Of Physical Chemistry B Abbreviated Journal J Phys Chem B  
  Volume 124 Issue 6 Pages 1082-1089  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Nitrogen oxyanions and oxyacids are important agents in atmospheric chemistry and medical biology. Although their chemical behavior in solution is relatively well understood, they may behave very differently at the water/air interface of atmospheric aerosols or at the membrane/water interface of cells. Here, we developed a fully classical model for molecular dynamics simulations of NO3−, NO2−, HNO3, and HNO2 in the framework of the GROMOS 53A6 and 54A7 force field versions. The model successfully accounted for the poorly structured solvation shell and ion pairing tendency of NO3−. Accurate pure-liquid properties and hydration free energies were obtained for the oxyacids. Simulations at the water/air interface showed a local enrichment of HNO3 and depletion of NO3−. The effect was discussed in light of earlier spectroscopic data and ab initio calculations, suggesting that HNO3 behaves as a weaker acid at the surface of water. Our model will hopefully allow for efficient and accurate simulations of nitrogen oxyanions and oxyacids in solution and at microheterogeneous interface environments.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000512222500015 Publication Date 2020-02-13  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1520-6106 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.3 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes We thank Universidade Federal do ABC for providing the computational resources needed for completion of this work. This study was financed in part by the Coordenaçaõ de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nı ́vel Superior – Brasil (CAPES) – Finance Code 001. Approved Most recent IF: 3.3; 2020 IF: 3.177  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:166488 Serial 6340  
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Author Trenchev, G.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Dual-vortex plasmatron: A novel plasma source for CO2 conversion Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Journal Of Co2 Utilization Abbreviated Journal J Co2 Util  
  Volume 39 Issue Pages 101152  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Atmospheric pressure gliding arc (GA) discharges are gaining increasing interest for CO2 conversion and other gas conversion applications, due to their simplicity and high energy efficiency. However, they are characterized by some drawbacks, such as non-uniform gas treatment, limiting the conversion, as well as the development of a hot cathode spot, resulting in severe electrode degradation. In this work, we built a dual-vortex plasmatron, which is a GA plasma reactor with innovative electrode configuration, to solve the above problems. The design aims to improve the CO2 conversion capability of the GA reactor by elongating the arc in two directions, to increase the residence time of the gas inside the arc, and to actively cool the cathode spot by rotation of the arc and gas convection. The measured CO2 conversion and corresponding energy efficiency indeed look very promising. In addition, we developed a fluid dynamics non-thermal plasma model with argon chemistry, to study the arc behavior in the reactor and to explain the experimental results.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000546648400008 Publication Date 2020-03-20  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2212-9820 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 7.7 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders, G.0383.16N 11U53.16N ; Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government; UAntwerpen; We acknowledge financial support from the Fund for Scientific Research – Flanders (FWO); grant numbers G.0383.16N and 11U53.16N. The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI), and the UAntwerpen. We would also like to thank G. Van Loon from the University of Antwerp for building the DVP reactor. Approved Most recent IF: 7.7; 2020 IF: 4.292  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:167593 Serial 6356  
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Author van ‘t Veer, K.; Reniers, F.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Zero-dimensional modeling of unpacked and packed bed dielectric barrier discharges: the role of vibrational kinetics in ammonia synthesis Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Plasma Sources Science & Technology Abbreviated Journal Plasma Sources Sci T  
  Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 045020  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract We present a zero-dimensional plasma kinetics model, including both surface and gas phase kinetics, to determine the role of vibrationally excited states in plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis. We defined a new method to systematically capture the conditions of dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs), including those found in packed bed DBDs. We included the spatial and temporal nature of such discharges by special consideration of the number of micro-discharges in the model. We introduce a parameter that assigns only a part of the plasma power to the microdischarges, to scale the model conditions from filamentary to uniform plasma. Because of the spatial and temporal behaviour of the micro-discharges, not all micro-discharges occurring in the plasma reactor during a certain gas residence time are affecting the molecules. The fraction of power considered in the model ranges from 0.005 %, for filamentary plasma, to 100 %, for uniform plasma. If vibrational excitation is included in the plasma chemistry, these different conditions, however, yield an ammonia density that is only varying within one order of magnitude. At only 0.05 % of the power put into the uniform plasma component, a model neglecting vibrational excitation clearly does not result in adequate amounts of ammonia. Thus, our new model, which accounts for the concept in which not all the power is deposited by the micro-discharges, but some part may also be distributed in between them, suggests that vibrational kinetic processes are really important in (packed bed) DBDs. Indeed, vibrational excitation takes place in both the uniform plasma between the micro-discharges and in the strong micro-discharges, and is responsible for an increased N2 dissociation rate. This is shown here for plasma-catalytic ammonia synthesis, but might also be valid for other gas conversion applications.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000570241500001 Publication Date 2020-04-09  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1361-6595 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.8 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. The authors would also like to thank Dr. Fatme Jardali for the discussions on plasma kinetic modelling and Dr. Jungmi Hong and Dr. Anthony B. Murphy for their aid in the calculation of the diffusion coefficients. Approved Most recent IF: 3.8; 2020 IF: 3.302  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:168097 Serial 6359  
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Author Zhang, H.; Zhang, H.; Trenchev, G.; Li, X.; Wu, Y.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Multi-dimensional modelling of a magnetically stabilized gliding arc plasma in argon and CO2 Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Plasma Sources Science & Technology Abbreviated Journal Plasma Sources Sci T  
  Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 045019  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract This study focuses on a magnetically stabilized gliding arc (MGA) plasma. Two fully coupled flow-plasma models (in 3D and 2D) are presented. The 3D model is applied to compare the arc dynamics of the MGA with a traditional gas-driven gliding arc. The 2D model is used for a detailed parametric study on the effect of the external magnetic field. The results show that the relative velocity between the plasma and feed gas is generated due to the Lorentz force, which can increase the plasma-treated gas fraction. The magnetic field also helps to decrease the gas temperature by enhancing heat transfer and to increase the electron number density. This work shows the potential of an external magnetic field to control the gliding arc behavior, for enhanced gas conversion at low gas flow rates.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000570241800001 Publication Date 2020-04-09  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1361-6595 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.8 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G.0383.16N ; National Natural Science Foundation of China, 51706204 51707144 ; State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, EIPE19302 ; The authors acknowledge financial support from the Fund for Scientific Research—Flanders (FWO; Grant G.0383.16 N), National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 51706204, 51707144, and State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment (EIPE19302). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of Universiteit Antwerpen, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (Department EWI), and Universiteit Antwerpen. Finally, Hantian Zhang acknowledges financial support from the China Scholarship Council. Approved Most recent IF: 3.8; 2020 IF: 3.302  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:169218 Serial 6360  
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Author Duan, J.; Ma, M.; Yusupov, M.; Cordeiro, R.M.; Lu, X.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title The penetration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species across the stratum corneum Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Plasma Processes And Polymers Abbreviated Journal Plasma Process Polym  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract The penetration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) across the stratum corneum (SC) is a necessary and crucial process in many skin‐related plasma medical applications. To gain more insights into this penetration behavior, we combined experimental measurements of the permeability of dry and moist SC layers with computer simulations of model lipid membranes. We measured the permeation of relatively stable molecules, which are typically generated by plasma, namely H2O2, NO3−, and NO2−. Furthermore, we calculated the permeation free energy profiles of the major plasma‐generated RONS and their derivatives (i.e., H2O2, OH, HO2, O2, O3, NO, NO2, N2O4, HNO2, HNO3, NO2−, and NO3−) across native and oxidized SC lipid bilayers, to understand the mechanisms of RONS permeation across the SC. Our results indicate that hydrophobic RONS (i.e., NO, NO2, O2, O3, and N2O4) can translocate more easily across the SC lipid bilayer than hydrophilic RONS (i.e., H2O2, OH, HO2, HNO2, and HNO3) and ions (i.e., NO2− and NO3−) that experience much higher permeation barriers. The permeability of RONS through the SC skin lipids is enhanced when the skin is moist and the lipids are oxidized. These findings may help to understand the underlying mechanisms of plasma interaction with a biomaterial and to optimize the environmental parameters in practice in plasma medical applications.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000536892900001 Publication Date 2020-06-02  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1612-8850 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.5 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes National Natural Science Foundation of China, 51625701 51977096 ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 1200219N ; China Scholarship Council, 201806160128 ; M. Y. acknowledges the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) for financial support (Grant No. 1200219N). This study was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 51625701 and 51977096) and the China Scholarship Council (Grant No: 201806160128). All computational work was performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA Core Facility of the University of Antwerp (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI), and the UA. Approved Most recent IF: 3.5; 2020 IF: 2.846  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:169709 Serial 6372  
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Author Mehta, P.; Barboun, P.M.; Engelmann, Y.; Go, D.B.; Bogaerts, A.; Schneider, W.F.; Hicks, J.C. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Plasma-Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis beyond the Equilibrium Limit Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Acs Catalysis Abbreviated Journal Acs Catal  
  Volume 10 Issue 12 Pages 6726-6734  
  Keywords (up) A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract We explore the consequences of nonthermal plasma-activation on product yields in catalytic ammonia synthesis, a reaction that is equilibrium-limited at elevated temperatures. We employ a minimal microkinetic model that incorporates the influence of plasma-activation on N2 dissociation rates to predict NH3 yields into and across the equilibrium-limited regime. NH3 yields are predicted to exceed bulk thermodynamic equilibrium limits on materials that are thermal-rate-limited by N2 dissociation. In all cases, yields revert to bulk equilibrium at temperatures at which thermal reaction rates exceed plasma-activated ones. Beyond-equilibrium NH3 yields are observed in a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor and exhibit sensitivity to catalytic material choice in a way consistent with model predictions. The approach and results highlight the opportunity to exploit synergies between nonthermal plasmas and catalysts to affect transformations at conditions inaccessible through thermal routes.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000543663800015 Publication Date 2020-06-19  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2155-5435 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 12.9 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes University of Notre Dame; Basic Energy Sciences, DE-SC-0016543 ; Air Force Office of Scientific Research, FA9550-18-1- 0157 ; This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis Program, under Award DE-SC-0016543 and by the U.S. Air Force Office of Scientific Research, under Award FA9550-18-1-0157. P.M. acknowledges support through the Eilers Graduate Fellowship for Energy Related Research from the University of Notre Dame. Computational resources were provided by the Notre Dame Center for Research Computing. We thank the Notre Dame Energy Materials Characterization Facility and the Notre Dame Integrated Imaging Facility for the use of the X-ray diffractometer and the transmission electron microscope, respectively. Approved Most recent IF: 12.9; 2020 IF: 10.614  
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:170713 Serial 6405  
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