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	Author	Van Goethem, C.; Verbeke, R.; Pfanmoeller, M.; Koschine, T.; Dickmann, M.; Timpel-Lindner, T.; Egger, W.; Bals, S.; Vankelecom, I.F.J.
	Title	The role of MOFs in Thin-Film Nanocomposite (TFN) membranes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Journal of membrane science	Abbreviated Journal	J Membrane Sci
	Volume	563	Issue	563	Pages	938-948
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Incorporation of MOFs in interfacially polymerized Thin-Film Nanocomposite (TFN) membranes has widely been shown to result in increased membrane performance. However, the exact functioning of these membranes is poorly understood as large variability in permeance increase, filler incorporation and rejection changes can be observed in literature. The synthesis and functioning of TFN membranes (herein exemplified by ZIF-8 filled polyamide (PA) membranes prepared via the EFP method) was investigated via targeted membrane synthesis and thorough characterization via STEM-EDX, XRD and PALS. It is hypothesized that the acid generated during the interfacial polymerization (IP) at least partially degrades the crystalline, acid-sensitive ZIF-8 and that this influences the membrane formation (through so-called secondary effects, i.e. not strictly linked to the pore morphology of the MOF). Nanoscale HAADF-STEM imaging and STEM-EDX Zn-mapping revealed no ZIF-8 particles but rather the presence of randomly shaped regions with elevated Zn-content. Also XRD failed to show the presence of crystalline areas in the composite PA films. As the addition of the acid-quenching TEA led to an increase in the diffraction signal observed in XRD, the role of the acid was confirmed. The separate addition of dissolved Zn2+ to the synthesis of regular TFC membranes showed an increase in permeance while losing some salt retention, similar to observations regularly made for TFN membranes. While the addition of a porous material to a TFC membrane is a straightforward concept, all obtained results indicate that the synthesis and performance of such composite membranes is often more complex than commonly accepted.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000441897200099	Publication Date	2018-06-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0376-7388	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.035	Times cited	84	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; C.V.G. and R.V. kindly acknowledge respectively the Flemish Agency for Innovation through Science and Technology (IWT) (IWT, 141697) and the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO, 1500917N) for a PhD scholarship. The authors kindly acknowledge funding from KU Leuven through C16/17/005 and from the Belgian Federal Government through IAP 6/27 Functional Supramolecular systems. S.B. and M.P. acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOM). M.P. acknowledges funding from the European Union (ESTEEM2, No. 312483) and the HEiKA centre FunTECH-3D (Ministry of Science, Research and Art Baden-Wurttemberg, AZ: 33-753-30-20/3/3). The MLZ-Garching is kindly acknowledged for providing access to the NEPOMUC facilities (project no 11541). ; ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.035
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:153618UA @ admin @ c:irua:153618			Serial	5132
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	Author	Zhou, Y.; Che, F.; Liu, M.; Zou, C.; Liang, Z.; De Luna, P.; Yuan, H.; Li, J.; Wang, Z.; Xie, H.; Li, H.; Chen, P.; Bladt, E.; Quintero-Bermudez, R.; Sham, T.-K.; Bals, S.; Hofkens, J.; Sinton, D.; Chen, G.; Sargent, E.H.
	Title	Dopant-induced electron localization drives CO₂ reduction to C₂ hydrocarbons			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Nature chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Chem
	Volume	10	Issue	10	Pages	974-980
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to multi-carbon products has attracted much attention because it provides an avenue to the synthesis of value-added carbon-based fuels and feedstocks using renewable electricity. Unfortunately, the efficiency of CO2 conversion to C-2 products remains below that necessary for its implementation at scale. Modifying the local electronic structure of copper with positive valence sites has been predicted to boost conversion to C-2 products. Here, we use boron to tune the ratio of Cu delta+ to Cu-0 active sites and improve both stability and C-2-product generation. Simulations show that the ability to tune the average oxidation state of copper enables control over CO adsorption and dimerization, and makes it possible to implement a preference for the electrosynthesis of C-2 products. We report experimentally a C-2 Faradaic efficiency of 79 +/- 2% on boron-doped copper catalysts and further show that boron doping leads to catalysts that are stable for in excess of similar to 40 hours while electrochemically reducing CO2 to multi-carbon hydrocarbons.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000442395200013	Publication Date	2018-07-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1755-4330; 1755-4349	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	25.87	Times cited	700	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; This work was supported financially by funding from TOTAL S.A., the Ontario Research Fund: Research Excellence Program, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the CIFAR Bio-Inspired Solar Energy programme, a University of Toronto Connaught grant, the Ministry of Science, Natural Science Foundation of China (21471040, 21271055 and 21501035), the Innovation-Driven Plan in Central South University project (2017CX003), a project from State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy in Central South University, the Thousand Youth Talents Plan of China and Hundred Youth Talents Program of Hunan and the China Scholarship Council programme. This work benefited from the soft X-ray microcharacterization beamline at CLS, sector 20BM at the APS and the Ontario Centre for the Characterisation of Advanced Materials at the University of Toronto. H.Y. acknowledges financial support from the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO postdoctoral fellowship). C.Z. acknowledges support from the International Academic Exchange Fund for Joint PhD Students from Tianjin University. P.D.L. acknowledges financial support from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council in the form of the Canada Graduate Scholarship-Doctoral award. S.B. and E.B. acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant # 335078-COLOURATOMS). The authors thank B. Zhang, N. Wang, C. T. Dinh, T. Zhuang, J. Li and Y. Zhao for fruitful discussions, as well as Y. Hu and Q. Xiao from CLS, and Z. Finfrock and M. Ward from APS for their help during the course of study. Computations were performed on the SOSCIP Consortium's Blue Gene/Q computing platform. SOSCIP is funded by the Federal Economic Development Agency of Southern Ontario, the Province of Ontario, IBM Canada, Ontario Centres of Excellence, Mitacs and 15 Ontario academic member institutions. ; ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 25.87
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:153693UA @ admin @ c:irua:153693			Serial	5091
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	Author	van der Graaf, W.N.P.; Tempelman, C.H.L.; Hendriks, F.C.; Ruiz-Martinez, J.; Bals, S.; Weckhuysen, B.M.; Pidko, E.A.; Hensen, E.J.M.
	Title	Deactivation of Sn-Beta during carbohydrate conversion			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Applied catalysis : A : general	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal A-Gen
	Volume	564	Issue	564	Pages	113-122
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The deactivation of Sn-Beta zeolite catalyst during retro-aldolization and isomerization of glucose is investigated. Confocal fluorescence microscopy reveals that retro-aldolization of glucose in CH3OH at 160 degrees C is accompanied with the build-up of insoluble oligomeric deposits in the micropores, resulting in a rapid catalyst deactivation. These deposits accumulate predominantly in the outer regions of the zeolite crystals, which points to mass transport limitations. Glucose isomerization in water is not only accompanied by the formation of insoluble deposits in the micropores, but also by the structural degradation of the zeolite due to desilication and destannation. Enhanced and sustained catalytic performance can be achieved by using ethanol/water mixtures as the reaction solvent instead of water.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000443669800012	Publication Date	2018-07-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0926-860x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.339	Times cited	25	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; This work was performed in the framework of the CatchBio programme and the Joint Scientific Thematic Research Programme funded by the The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology. J.R.M. acknowledges the Dutch Science Foundation (NWO) for his personal VENI grant. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.339
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:153715UA @ admin @ c:irua:153715			Serial	5088
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	Author	Brodu, A.; Ballottin, M.V.; Buhot, J.; van Harten, E.J.; Dupont, D.; La Porta, A.; Prins, P.T.; Tessier, M.D.; Versteegh, M.A.M.; Zwiller, V.; Bals, S.; Hens, Z.; Rabouw, F.T.; Christianen, P.C.M.; de Donega, C.M.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.
	Title	Exciton Fine Structure and Lattice Dynamics in InP/ZnSe Core/Shell Quantum Dots			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	ACS Photonics	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Photonics
	Volume	5	Issue	5	Pages	3353-3362
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Nanocrystalline InP quantum dots (QDs) hold promise for heavy-metal-free optoelectronic applications due to their bright and size tunable emission in the visible range. Photochemical stability and high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield are obtained by a diversity of epitaxial shells around the InP core. To understand and optimize the emission line shapes, the exciton fine structure of InP core/shell QD systems needs be investigated. Here, we study the exciton fine structure of InP/ZnSe core/shell QDs with core diameters ranging from 2.9 to 3.6 nm (PL peak from 2.3 to 1.95 eV at 4 K). PL decay measurements as a function of temperature in the 10 mK to 300 K range show that the lowest exciton fine structure state is a dark state, from which radiative recombination is assisted by coupling to confined acoustic phonons with energies ranging from 4 to 7 meV, depending on the core diameter. Circularly polarized fluorescence line-narrowing (FLN) spectroscopy at 4 K under high magnetic fields (up to 30 T) demonstrates that radiative recombination from the dark F = +/- 2 state involves acoustic and optical phonons, from both the InP core and the ZnSe shell. Our data indicate that the highest intensity FLN peak is an acoustic phonon replica rather than a zero-phonon line, implying that the energy separation observed between the F = +/- 1 state and the highest intensity peak in the FLN spectra (6 to 16 meV, depending on the InP core size) is larger than the splitting between the dark and bright fine structure exciton states.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000442185900049	Publication Date	2018-07-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2330-4022	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.756	Times cited	40	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; We acknowledge the support of the HFML-RU/FOM, member of the European Magnetic Field Laboratory (EMFL). D.V. and Z.H. acknowledge support by the European Commission via the Marie-Sklodowska Curie action Phonsi (H2020-MSCA-ITN-642656) and the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action Compass (H2020 MSCA-RISE-691185). Z.H. acknowledges the Research Foundation Flanders (project 17006602) and Ghent University (GOA no. 01G01513). Z.H. and S.B. acknowledge SIM vzw (SBO-QDOCCO). F.T.R. acknowledges financial support from The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research NWO (Gravitation program Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion and VENI grant number 722.017.002). This work was also supported by the Dutch NWO-Physics Program DDC13, ERC Advanced Grant 692691 “First step”, and ERC Starting Grant 335078 “COLOURATOM”. ; ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.756
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:153753UA @ admin @ c:irua:153753			Serial	5100
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	Author	Cherigui, E.A.M.; Şentosun, K.; Mamme, M.H.; Lukaczynska, M.; Terryn, H.; Bals, S.; Ustarroz, J.
	Title	On the control and effect of water content during the electrodeposition of Ni nanostructures from deep eutectic solvents			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	The journal of physical chemistry: C : nanomaterials and interfaces	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys Chem C
	Volume	122	Issue	122	Pages	23129-23142
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The electrodeposition of nickel nanostructures on glassy carbon was investigated in 1:2 choline chloride urea deep eutectic solvent (DES) containing different amounts of water. By combining electrochemical techniques, with ex situ field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, the effect of water content on the electrochemical processes occurring during nickel deposition was better understood. At highly negative potentials and depending on water content, Ni growth is halted due to water splitting and formation of a mixed layer of Ni/NiOx(OH)(2(1-x)(ads)). Moreover, under certain conditions, the DES components can also be (electro)chemically reduced at the electrode surface, blocking further three-dimensional growth of the Ni NPs. Hence, a two-dimensional crystalline Ni-containing network can be formed in the interparticle region.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000447471700038	Publication Date	2018-09-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1932-7447; 1932-7455	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.536	Times cited	27	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; E.A.M.C. and M.H.M. acknowledge funding from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek in Flanders (FWO, research project G019014N). S.B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (Starting Grant No. COLOURATOMS 335078). Finally, J.U. acknowledges funding from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek in Flanders (FWO, postdoctoral grant 12I7816N). ; ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.536
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:154731			Serial	5121
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	Author	Tessier, M.D.; Baquero, E.A.; Dupont, D.; Grigel, V.; Bladt, E.; Bals, S.; Coppel, Y.; Hens, Z.; Nayral, C.; Delpech, F.
	Title	Interfacial oxidation and photoluminescence of InP-Based core/shell quantum dots			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Mater
	Volume	30	Issue	30	Pages	6877-6883
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Indium phosphide colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are emerging as an efficient cadmium-free alternative for optoelectronic applications. Recently, syntheses based on easy-to-implement aminophosphine precursors have been developed. We show by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy that this new approach allows oxide-free indium phosphide core or core/shell quantum dots to be made. Importantly, the oxide-free core/shell interface does not help in achieving higher luminescence efficiencies. We demonstrate that in the case of InP/ZnS and InP/ZnSe QDs, a more pronounced oxidation concurs with a higher photoluminescence efficiency. This study suggests that a II-VI shell on a III-V core generates an interface prone to defects. The most efficient InP/ZnS or InP/ZnSe QDs are therefore made with an oxide buffer layer between the core and the shell: it passivates these interface defects but also results in a somewhat broader emission line width.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Chemical Society	Place of Publication	Washington, D.C	Editor
	Language		Wos	000447237800031	Publication Date	2018-09-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0897-4756	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.466	Times cited	74	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; The authors thank L. Biadala and C. Delerue for fruitful discussion. Z.H. acknowledges support by the European Commission via the Marie-Sklodowska Curie action Phonsi (H2020-MSCA-ITN-642656), by Research Foundation Flanders (Project 17006602), and by Ghent University (GOA No. 01G01513). Z.H., M.D.T., and D.D. acknowledge the Strategisch Initiatief Materialen in Vlaanderen of Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen (SIM VLAIO), vzw (SBO-QDOCCO, ICON-QUALIDI). This work was supported by the Universite Paul Sabatier, the Region Midi-Pyrenees, the CNRS, the Institut National des Sciences Appliquees of Toulouse, and the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (Project ANR-13-IS10-0004-01). E.A.B. is grateful to Marie Curie Actions and Campus France for a PRESTIGE postdoc fellowship (FP7 /2007-2013) under REA Grant Agreement PCOFUND-GA-2013-609102. E.B. acknowledges financial support from Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.466
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:154732UA @ admin @ c:irua:154732			Serial	5109
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	Author	Li, Z.Z.; Raffy, H.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Megtert, S.
	Title	Interplay of doping and structural modulation in superconducting Bi₂Sr_2-xLa_xCuO_6+\delta thin films			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev B
	Volume	71	Issue	17	Pages	174503,1-7
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We have studied the evolution of the structural modulation in epitaxial, c-axis-oriented, Bi2Sr2-xLaCuO6+delta thin films when varying the La content x and for a given x as a function of oxygen content. A series of thin films with 0 <= x <= 0.8 has been prepared in situ by rf-magnetron sputtering and characterized by R(T) measurements, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction techniques. The oxygen content of each individual film was varied by thermal annealing across the phase diagram. The evolution of the structural modulation has been thoroughly studied by x-ray diffraction in determining the variation of the amplitude of satellite reflections in special two axes 2 theta/theta-theta scans (reciprocal space scans). It is shown that the amplitude of the modulation along the c axis decreases strongly when x increases from 0 to 0.2. It is demonstrated that this variation is essentially governed by La content x and that changing the oxygen content by thermal treatments has a much lower influence, even becoming negligible for x > 0.2. Such study is important to understand the electronical properties of Bi2Sr2-xLaxCuO6+gamma thin films.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lancaster, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000229935000092	Publication Date	2005-05-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1098-0121;1550-235X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.836	Times cited	11	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.836; 2005 IF: 3.185
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54746			Serial	1707
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	Author	Bals, S.; Rijnders, G.; Blank, D.H.A.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	TEM of ultra-thin DyBa₂Cu₃O_7-x films deposited on TiO₂ terminated SrTiO₃			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2001	Publication	Physica: C : superconductivity	Abbreviated Journal	Physica C
	Volume	355	Issue	3/4	Pages	225-230
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Using pulsed laser deposition ultra-thin DyBa2Cu3O7-x films were deposited on a single terminated (0 0 1) SrTiOr(3) substrate. The initial growth was studied by high-resolution electron microscopy. Two different types of interface arrangements occur and were determined as: bulk-SrO-TiO2-BaO-CuO-BaO-CuO2-Dy-CuO2-BaO bulk and bulk-SrO-TiO2-BaO-CuO2-Dy-CuO2-BaO-CuO-BaO-bulk This variable growth sequence causes structural shifts, resulting in antiphase boundaries with displacement vector R = [0 0 1/3]. as well as local chemical variations. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000169479500006	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-4534;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.404	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.404; 2001 IF: 0.806
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54793			Serial	3484
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	Author	Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Rijnders, G.; Blank, D.H.A.; Leca, V.; Salluzzo, M.
	Title	Optimisation of superconducting thin films by TEM			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	Physica: C : superconductivity	Abbreviated Journal	Physica C
	Volume	372/376	Issue	part 2	Pages	711-714
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	High-resolution electron microscopy is used to study the initial growth of different REBa2CU3O7-5 thin films. In DyBa2CU3O7-5 ultra-thin films, deposited on TiO2 terminated SrTiO3, two different types of interface arrangements occur: bulk-SrO-TiO2-BaO-CuO-BaO-CuO2-Dy-CuO2-BaO-bulk and bulk-SrO-TiO2-BaO-CuO2-Dy-CuO2-BaO-CuO-BaO-bulk. This variable growth sequence is the origin of the presence of antiphase boundaries. In Nd1+xBa2-xCu3O7-5 thin films, antiphase boundaries tend to annihilate by the insertion of extra Nd-layers. This annihilation is correlated with the flat morphology of the film and the absence of growth spirals at the surface of the Nd-rich films. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000178018800033	Publication Date	2002-08-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-4534;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.404	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.404; 2002 IF: 0.912
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54796			Serial	2485
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	Author	Musolino, N.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Clayton, N.; Walker, E.; Flükiger, R.
	Title	Modulation-free phase in heavily Pb-doped (Bi,Pb)2212 crystals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2003	Publication	Physica: C : superconductivity	Abbreviated Journal	Physica C
	Volume	399	Issue	1/2	Pages	1-7
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We report the complete disappearance of the structural modulation in heavily lead-doped Bi2-xPbxSr2CaCu2O8+delta crystals observed by transmission electron microscopy. Crystals with a nominal lead content of x = 0.8, corresponding to an effective lead content of x = 0.39, yield the non-modulated phase. The superconducting properties of this modulation-free phase (beta phase) have been studied and compared to those of undoped crystals displaying the modulated phase (alpha phase). Magnetisation measurements reveal that the irreversibility field H-irr(T) and relaxation rates are strongly improved within the beta phase. Measurements of the lower critical field, H-c1, show that the anisotropy factor, epsilon, is considerably reduced in the modulation-free crystals. This is the signature of stronger coupling between CuO2 layers which in turn deeply influences the effectiveness of the pinning. These measurements explain the enhanced pinning properties in moderately Pb-doped crystals in which the alpha phase and beta phase coexist. The enhanced pinning is not only due to the alpha/beta interfaces, which act as effective pinning centers: the emergence of modulation-free domains, characterized by a strongly reduced anisotropy, also significantly contribute to this effect. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000186526200001	Publication Date	2003-09-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-4534;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.404	Times cited	31	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.404; 2003 IF: 1.192
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54797			Serial	2167
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	Author	Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Salluzzo, M.; Maggio-Aprile, I.
	Title	Why are sputter deposited Nd_1+xBa_2-xCu₃O_7-\delta thin films flatter than NdBa₂Cu₃O_7-\delta films?			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2001	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	79	Issue	22	Pages	3660-3662
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	High-resolution electron microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy have been used to compare the microstructure of NdBa2Cu3O7-delta and Nd1+xBa2-xCu3O7-delta thin films. Both films contain comparable amounts of Nd2CuO4 inclusions. Antiphase boundaries are induced by unit cell high steps at the substrate or by a different interface stacking. In Nd1+xBa2-xCu3O7-delta the antiphase boundaries tend to annihilate by the insertion of extra Nd layers. Stacking faults, which can be characterized as local Nd2Ba2Cu4O9 inclusions, also absorb the excess Nd. A correlation is made between the excess Nd and the absence of growth spirals at the surface of the Nd-rich films. (C) 2001 American Institute of Physics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000172204400034	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2001 IF: 3.849
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54801			Serial	3916
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	Author	Bals, S.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Liu, Y.-L.; Grivel, J.-C.
	Title	Quantitative electron microscopy of (Bi,Pb)₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_10+\delta/Ag multifilament tapes during initial stages of annealing			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Journal of the American Ceramic Society	Abbreviated Journal	J Am Ceram Soc
	Volume	88	Issue	2	Pages	431-436
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The microstructural and compositional evolution during initial annealing of a superconducting (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+delta/Ag tape is studied using quantitative transmission electron microscopy. Special attention is devoted to the occurrence of Pb-rich liquids, which are crucial for the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+delta to (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+delta transformation. Ca and/or Pb-rich (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2CaCu2O8+delta grains dissolve into a liquid, which reacts with Ca-rich phases to increase the liquid's Ca-content. This leads to (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+delta formation. Apparently, a Ca/Sr ratio of around I is sufficient to keep (Bi,Pb)(2)Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+delta nucleation going. It is confirmed that Ag particles are transported from the Ag-sheath into the oxide core by the liquid and not by mechanical treatment of the tape.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Columbus, Ohio	Editor
	Language		Wos	000227510200030	Publication Date	2005-02-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0002-7820;1551-2916;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.841	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.841; 2005 IF: 1.586
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54876UA @ admin @ c:irua:54876			Serial	2754
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	Author	Bals, S.; Kisielowski, C.; Croitoru, M.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Tomography using annular dark field imaging in TEM			Type	A3 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	S	Pages	2118-2119
	Keywords	A3 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54880			Serial	3672
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; van Dyck, D.; Avila-Brande, D.
	Title	Statistical estimation of oxygen atomic positions eith sub Ångstrom precision from exit wave reconstruction			Type	A3 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	S	Pages	556-557
	Keywords	A3 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54881			Serial	3155
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Avila-Brande, D.
	Title	Statistical estimation of atomic positions from exit wave reconstruction with a precision in the picometer range			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Physical review letters	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev Lett
	Volume	96	Issue	9	Pages	096106,1-4
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The local structure of Bi4W2/3Mn1/3O8Cl is determined using quantitative transmission electron microscopy. The electron exit wave, which is closely related to the projected crystal potential, is reconstructed and used as a starting point for statistical parameter estimation. This method allows us to refine all atomic positions on a local scale, including those of the light atoms, with a precision in the picometer range. Using this method one is no longer restricted to the information limit of the electron microscope. Our results are in good agreement with x-ray powder diffraction data demonstrating the reliability of the method. Moreover, it will be shown that local effects can be interpreted using this approach.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000235905700042	Publication Date	2006-03-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-9007;1079-7114;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.462	Times cited	69	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap V			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.462; 2006 IF: 7.072
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:56977			Serial	3154
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	Author	Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Kisielowski, C.
	Title	A new approach for electron tomography: annular dark-field transmission electron microscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Advanced materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Mater
	Volume	18	Issue	7	Pages	892-895
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Annular dark-field transmission electron microscopy uses an annular objective aperture that blocks the central beam and all electrons scattered up to a certain serniangle. A contrast suitable for electron tomography is generated and 3D reconstructions of CdTe tetrapods and C nanotubes (see figure) are successfully obtained. With short exposure times and high contrast, the technique could be useful not only for materials science, but also for biological applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000236950500013	Publication Date	2006-03-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0935-9648;1521-4095;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	19.791	Times cited	53	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 19.791; 2006 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:58258			Serial	2306
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	Author	Avila-Brande, D.; Otero-Díaz, L.C.; Landa-Cánovas, A.R.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	A new Bi₄Mn_1/3W_2/3O₈Cl Sillén-Aurivillius intergrowth: synthesis and structural characterisation by quantitative transmission electron microscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	European journal of inorganic chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Eur J Inorg Chem
	Volume		Issue	9	Pages	1853-1858
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The synthesis and structural characterisation of a new phase with nominal composition Bi4Mn1/3W2/3O8Cl is presented. Conventional and analytical transmission electron microscopy are used to determine the composition, unit-cell symmetry and space group of the compound, whereas a structural model is deducted by exit-wave reconstruction in the transmission electron microscope. This technique allows the microscope information limit of 1.1 angstrom to be reached and the (light) oxygen atoms in the presence of heavier atoms (Bi, W, Mn) to be imaged. The average structure is refined from Xray powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method yielding an orthorhombic unit cell with lattice parameters a 5.467(4) angstrom, b = 5.466(7) angstrom and c = 14.159(3) angstrom and space group Cm2m, which could be described as a Sillen-Aurivillius intergrowth. ((c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000237617800016	Publication Date	2006-03-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1434-1948;1099-0682;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.444	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.444; 2006 IF: 2.704
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:59436			Serial	2335
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	Author	Huijben, M.; Rijnders, G.; Blank, D.H.A.; Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Brinkman, A.; Hilgenkamp, H.
	Title	Electronically coupled complementary interfaces between perovskite band insulators			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Nature materials	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Mater
	Volume	5	Issue		Pages	556-560
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000238708900021	Publication Date	2006-06-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1476-1122;1476-4660;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	39.737	Times cited	315	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 39.737; 2006 IF: 19.194
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:59713UA @ admin @ c:irua:59713			Serial	1019
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	Author	Leca, V.; Blank, D.H.A.; Rijnders, G.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Superconducting single-phase Sr_1-xLa_xCuO₂ thin films with improved crystallinity grown by pulsed laser deposition			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	89	Issue	9	Pages
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Sr1-xLaxCuO2-delta (x=0.10-0.20) thin films exhibiting an oxygen-deficient 2 root 2a(p)x2 root a(p) x c structure (a(p) and c represent the cell parameters of the perovskite subcell) were epitaxially grown by means of pulsed laser deposition in low-pressure oxygen ambient. (001) KTaO3 and (001) SrTiO3 single crystals were used as substrates, with BaTiO3 as buffer layer. The Sr1-xLaxCuO2-delta films were oxidized during cooling down in order to yield the infinite-layer-type structure. By applying this method, high quality single-phase Sr1-xLaxCuO2 thin films could be obtained for 0.10 <= x <= 0.175 doping range. The films grown on BaTiO3/KTaO3 show superconductivity for 0.15 <= x <= 0.175 with optimum doping at x=0.15, in contrast with previously reported data. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000240236600077	Publication Date	2006-08-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	32	Open Access
	Notes	Fom; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2006 IF: 3.977
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:60817			Serial	3366
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	Author	Lebedev, O.I.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Snoeck, G.E.; Retoux, R.; Boudin, S.; Hervieu, M.
	Title	Mixed (Sr_1-xCa_x)₃₃Bi₂₄Al₄₈O₁₄₁ fullerenoids: the defect structure analysed by (S)TEM techniques			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	International journal of materials research	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Mater Res
	Volume	97	Issue	7	Pages	978-984
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	(Sr1-xCax)(33)Bi-24,partial derivative Al48O141+3 partial derivative/2 fullerenoid solid solutions have been synthesized and the effect of partial substitution of Sr by Ca has been characterized by (scanning) transmission electron microscopy, applying different imaging methods. Most of the defects commonly observed in face centered cubic compounds, have also been observed in (Sr1-xCax)(33)Bi24-partial derivative Al48O141+3 partial derivative/2. Based on purely geometrical and topological models, structural presentations for the coherent twin boundaries and stacking faults have been constructed on the basis of complex spherical “Al84O210” units. The results are compared to defects observed in the crystallite fullerite C-60.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000239916700017	Publication Date	2013-12-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1862-5282;2195-8556;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	0.681	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 0.681; 2006 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:60966			Serial	2091
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	Author	Abakumov, A.M.; Hadermann, J.; Bals, S.; Nikolaev, I.V.; Antipov, E.V.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Crystallographic shear structures as a route to anion-deficient perovskites			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English	Abbreviated Journal	Angew Chem Int Edit
	Volume	45	Issue	40	Pages	6697-6700
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000241474500022	Publication Date	2006-09-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1433-7851;1521-3773;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11.994	Times cited	62	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 11.994; 2006 IF: 10.232
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:61689			Serial	589
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	Author	Bals, S.; Kilaas, R.; Kisielowski, C.
	Title	Nonlinear imaging using annular dark field TEM			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	104	Issue	3/4	Pages	281-289
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Annular dark field TEM images exhibit a dominant mass-thickness contrast that can be quantified to extract single atom scattering cross sections. On top of this incoherent background, additional lattice fringes appear with a nonlinear information limit of 1.2 angstrom at 150 kV. The formation of these fringes is described by coherent nonlinear imaging theory and good agreement is found between experimental and simulated images. Calculations furthermore predict that the use of aberration corrected microscopes will improve the image quality dramatically. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000231297100012	Publication Date	2005-06-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2005 IF: 2.490
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:64685			Serial	2352
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	Author	Monticelli, O.; Musina, Z.; Russo, S.; Bals, S.
	Title	On the use of TEM in the characterization of nanocomposites			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	Materials letters	Abbreviated Journal	Mater Lett
	Volume	61	Issue	16	Pages	3446-3450
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Both an organically modified commercial clay of montmorillonite type (MMT) and its nanocomposites, based either on polyamide 6 (PA6) or an epoxy resin, as matrix polymer, have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Sample micrographs, taken at increasing exposure times (t(e)), have shown the gradual disappearance of clay layers, because of an amorphisation of the MMT crystalline structures caused by prolonged sample exposure to electron beam. Indeed, the above phenomenon, which is mostly evident in the case of intercalated nanocomposites, makes the detection of the layered silicate dispersion in the polymer matrix rather difficult and compels to perform TEM measurements using very short exposure times. Moreover, the microscopy accelerating voltage has turned out to affect sample stability; namely, when decreasing the above parameter, the disappearance of clay structure occurs at lower exposure times. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000247146100034	Publication Date	2006-12-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0167-577X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.572	Times cited	28	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.572; 2007 IF: 1.625
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:64757			Serial	2460
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	Author	Bals, S.; Tirry, W.; Geurts, R.; Yang, Z.; Schryvers, D.
	Title	High-quality sample preparation by low kV FIB thinning for analytical TEM measurements			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	13	Issue	2	Pages	80-86
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Focused ion beam specimen preparation has been used for NiTi samples and SrTiO(3)/SrRuO(3) multilayers with prevention of surface amorphization and Ga implantation by a 2-kV cleaning procedure. Transmission electron microscopy techniques show that the samples are of high quality with a controlled thickness over large scales. Furthermore, preferential thinning effects in multicompounds are avoided, which is important when analytical transmission electron microscopy measurements need to be interpreted in a quantitative manner. The results are compared to similar measurements acquired for samples obtained using conventional preparation techniques such as electropolishing for alloys and ion milling for oxides.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000245662200002	Publication Date	2007-03-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited	82	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Goa			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2007 IF: 1.941
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:65850			Serial	1441
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	Author	Bals, S.; Batenburg, J.; Verbeeck, J.; Sijbers, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Quantitative three-dimensional reconstruction of catalyst particles for bamboo-like carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	Nano letters	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett
	Volume	7	Issue	12	Pages	3669-3674
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	The three-dimensional (3D) structure and chemical composition of bamboo-like carbon nanotubes including the catalyst particles that are. used during their growth are studied by discrete electron tomography in combination with energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. It is found that cavities are present in the catalyst particles. Furthermore, only a small percentage of the catalyst particles consist of pure Cu, since a large volume fraction of the particles is oxidized to CU(2)0. These volume fractions are determined quantitatively from 3D reconstructions obtained by discrete tomography.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington	Editor
	Language		Wos	000251581600022	Publication Date	2007-11-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1530-6984;1530-6992;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.712	Times cited	78	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Esteem			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.712; 2007 IF: 9.627
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:66762UA @ admin @ c:irua:66762			Serial	2768
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	Author	Montoya, E.; Bals, S.; Rossell, M.D.; Schryvers, D.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Evaluation of top, angle, and side cleaned FIB samples for TEM analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	Microscopy research and technique	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Res Techniq
	Volume	70	Issue	12	Pages	1060-1071
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	ITEM specimens of a LaAlO3/SrTiO3 multilayer are prepared by FIB with internal lift out. Using a Ga+1 beam of 5 kV, a final cleaning step yielding top, top-angle, side, and bottom-angle cleaning is performed. Different cleaning procedures, which can be easily implemented in a dual beam FIB system, are described and compared; all cleaning types produce thin lamellae, useful for HRTEM and HAADF-STEM work up to atomic resolution. However, the top cleaned lamellae are strongly affected by the curtain effect. Top-angle cleaned specimens show an amorphous layer of around 5 nm at the specimen surfaces, due to damage and redeposition. Furthermore, it is observed that the LaAlO3 layers are preferentially destroyed and transformed into amorphous material, during the thinning process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000251868200008	Publication Date	2007-08-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1059-910X;1097-0029;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.147	Times cited	36	Open Access
	Notes	Aip; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.147; 2007 IF: 1.644
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:67282			Serial	1090
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	Author	Krsmanovic, R.; Bals, S.; Bertoni, G.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Structural characterization of Er-doped Li₂O-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ glass ceramics			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Optical materials	Abbreviated Journal	Opt Mater
	Volume	30	Issue	7	Pages	1183-1188
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Particularly favourable properties of glass ceramics are developed on the basis of two key advantages of these materials: the variation of chemical composition and of microstructure. Therefore, detailed structural and chemical information are necessary to get insight in novel glass ceramic materials. We present here two examples of Er-doped Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2, with different quantities of ZrO2, both obtained with sol-gel synthesis. Different transmission electron microscopy techniques: conventional TEM, HRTEM, and EELS are used and the results are compared with those previously obtained with XRD and Rietveld analysis. We also demonstrate the 3D reconstruction, obtained from HAADF-STEM imaging, to determine the morphology of nanosize precipitates in these composites. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000254419100035	Publication Date	2007-07-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0925-3467;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.238	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	Iap-V1; Esteem			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.238; 2008 IF: 1.714
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:70004			Serial	3219
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	Author	Batenburg, K.J.; Bals, S.; Sijbers, J.; Kübel, C.; Midgley, P.A.; Hernandez, J.C.; Kaiser, U.; Encina, E.R.; Coronado, E.A.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	3D imaging of nanomaterials by discrete tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	109	Issue	6	Pages	730-740
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	The field of discrete tomography focuses on the reconstruction of samples that consist of only a few different materials. Ideally, a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of such a sample should contain only one grey level for each of the compositions in the sample. By exploiting this property in the reconstruction algorithm, either the quality of the reconstruction can be improved significantly, or the number of required projection images can be reduced. The discrete reconstruction typically contains fewer artifacts and does not have to be segmented, as it already contains one grey level for each composition. Recently, a new algorithm, called discrete algebraic reconstruction technique (DART), has been proposed that can be used effectively on experimental electron tomography datasets. In this paper, we propose discrete tomography as a general reconstruction method for electron tomography in materials science. We describe the basic principles of DART and show that it can be applied successfully to three different types of samples, consisting of embedded ErSi2 nanocrystals, a carbon nanotube grown from a catalyst particle and a single gold nanoparticle, respectively.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000265816400005	Publication Date	2009-02-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	220	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2009 IF: 2.067
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:74665 c:irua:74665			Serial	12
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	Author	Figuerola, A.; Franchini, I.R.; Fiore, A.; Mastria, R.; Falqui, A.; Bertoni, G.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Kudera, S.; Cingolani, R.; Manna, L.
	Title	End-to-end assembly of shape-controlled nanocrystals via a nanowelding approach mediated by gold domains			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Advanced materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Mater
	Volume	21	Issue	5	Pages	550-554
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Welding nanocrystals for assembly: The welding of Au domains grown on the tips of shape-controlled cadmium chalcogenide colloidal nanocrystals is used as a strategy for their assembly. Iodine-induced coagulation of selectively grown Au domains leads to assemblies such as flowerlike structures based on bullet-shaped nanocrystals, linear and cross-linked chains of nanorods, and globular networks with tetrapods as building blocks.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000263371800005	Publication Date	2008-11-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0935-9648;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	19.791	Times cited	110	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 19.791; 2009 IF: 8.379
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:75960			Serial	1037
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	Author	Werner, R.; Raisch, C.; Leca, V.; Ion, V.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Chasse, T.; Kleiner, R.; Koelle, D.
	Title	Transport, magnetic, and structural properties of La_0.7Ce_0.3MnO₃ thin films: evidence for hole-doping			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Physical review : B : solid state	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev B
	Volume	79	Issue	5	Pages	054416,1-054416,8
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Cerium-doped manganite thin films were grown epitaxially by pulsed laser deposition at 720 °C and oxygen pressure pO2=125 Pa and were subjected to different annealing steps. According to x-ray diffraction (XRD) data, the formation of CeO2 as a secondary phase could be avoided for pO28 Pa. However, transmission electron microscopy shows the presence of CeO2 nanoclusters even in those films which appear to be single phase in XRD. With O2 annealing, the metal-to-insulator transition temperature increases, while the saturation magnetization decreases and stays well below the theoretical value for electron-doped La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 with mixed Mn3+/Mn2+ valences. The same trend is observed with decreasing film thickness from 100 to 20 nm, indicating a higher oxygen content for thinner films. Hall measurements on a film which shows a metal-to-insulator transition clearly reveal holes as dominating charge carriers. Combining data from x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, for determination of the oxygen content, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), for determination of the hole concentration and cation valences, we find that with increasing oxygen content the hole concentration increases and Mn valences are shifted from 2+ to 4+. The dominating Mn valences in the films are Mn3+ and Mn4+, and only a small amount of Mn2+ ions can be observed by XAS. Mn2+ and Ce4+ XAS signals obtained in surface-sensitive total electron yield mode are strongly reduced in the bulk-sensitive fluorescence mode, which indicates hole-doping in the bulk for those films which do show a metal-to-insulator transition.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lancaster, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000263815400057	Publication Date	2009-02-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1098-0121;1550-235X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.836	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.836; 2009 IF: 3.475
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:76221			Serial	3725
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