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Author |
Van der Donck, M.; Conti, S.; Perali, A.; Hamilton, A.R.; Partoens, B.; Peeters, F.M.; Neilson, D. |
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Title |
Three-dimensional electron-hole superfluidity in a superlattice close to room temperature |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Physical Review B |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys Rev B |
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Volume |
102 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
060503 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Abstract |
Although there is strong theoretical and experimental evidence for electron-hole superfluidity in separated sheets of electrons and holes at low T, extending superfluidity to high T is limited by strong two-dimensional fluctuations and Kosterlitz-Thouless effects. We show this limitation can be overcome using a superlattice of alternating electron- and hole-doped semiconductor monolayers. The superfluid transition in a three-dimensional superlattice is not topological, and for strong electron-hole pair coupling, the transition temperature T-c can be at room temperature. As a quantitative illustration, we show T-c can reach 270 K for a superfluid in a realistic superlattice of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. |
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Wos |
000562320700001 |
Publication Date |
2020-08-25 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2469-9969; 2469-9950 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.7 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This work was supported by the Research Foundation of Flanders (FWO-Vl) through an aspirant research grant for M.V.d.D., by the FLAG-ERA project TRANS-2D-TMD, and by the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics (Project No. CE170100039). We thank Milorad V. Milossevi ' c, Pierbiagio Pieri, and Jacques Tempere for helpful discussions. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.7; 2020 IF: 3.836 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:172064 |
Serial |
6628 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bafekry, A.; Shojaei, F.; Obeid, M.M.; Ghergherehchi, M.; Nguyen, C.; Oskouian, M. |
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Title |
Two-dimensional silicon bismotide (SiBi) monolayer with a honeycomb-like lattice: first-principles study of tuning the electronic properties |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Rsc Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rsc Adv |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
53 |
Pages |
31894-31900 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Abstract |
Using density functional theory, we investigate a novel two-dimensional silicon bismotide (SiBi) that has a layered GaSe-like crystal structure.Ab initiomolecular dynamic simulations and phonon dispersion calculations suggest its good thermal and dynamical stability. The SiBi monolayer is a semiconductor with a narrow indirect bandgap of 0.4 eV. Our results show that the indirect bandgap decreases as the number of layers increases, and when the number of layers is more than six layers, direct-to-indirect bandgap switching occurs. The SiBi bilayer is found to be very sensitive to an E-field. The bandgap monotonically decreases in response to uniaxial and biaxial compressive strain, and reaches 0.2 eV at 5%, while at 6%, the semiconductor becomes a metal. For both uniaxial and biaxial tensile strains, the material remains a semiconductor and indirect-to-direct bandgap transition occurs at a strain of 3%. Compared to a SiBi monolayer with a layer thickness of 4.89 angstrom, the bandgap decreases with either increasing or decreasing layer thickness, and at a thicknesses of 4.59 to 5.01 angstrom, the semiconductor-to-metal transition happens. In addition, under pressure, the semiconducting character of the SiBi bilayer with a 0.25 eV direct bandgap is preserved. Our results demonstrate that the SiBi nanosheet is a promising candidate for designing high-speed low-dissipation devices. |
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Wos |
000565206400027 |
Publication Date |
2020-09-02 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2046-2069 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.9 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant, funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF-2017R1A2B2011989). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.9; 2020 IF: 3.108 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:172045 |
Serial |
6644 |
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Author |
Petrov, M.; Bekaert, J.; Milošević, M.V. |
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Title |
Superconductivity in gallenene |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
2d Materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
2D Mater |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
035056 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Abstract |
Among the large variety of two-dimensional (2D) materials discovered to date, elemental monolayers that host superconductivity are very rare. Using ab initio calculations we show that recently synthesized gallium monolayers, coined gallenene, are intrinsically superconducting through electron-phonon coupling. We reveal that Ga-100 gallenene, a planar monolayer isostructural with graphene, is the structurally simplest 2D superconductor to date, furthermore hosting topological edge states due to its honeycomb structure. Our anisotropic Eliashberg calculations show distinctly three-gap superconductivity in Ga-100, in contrast to the alternative buckled Ga-010 gallenene which presents a single anisotropic superconducting gap. Strikingly, the critical temperature (T ( c )) of gallenene is in the range of 7-10 K, exceeding the T ( c ) of bulk gallium from which it is exfoliated. Finally we explore chemical functionalization of gallenene with hydrogen, and report induced multigap superconductivity with an enhanced T ( c ) in the resulting gallenane compound. |
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Wos |
000667458500001 |
Publication Date |
2021-06-01 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2053-1583 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
6.937 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.937 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:179623 |
Serial |
7025 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Yao, Y.; Ugras, T.J.; Meyer, T.; Dykes, M.; Wang, D.; Arbe, A.; Bals, S.; Kahr, B.; Robinson, R.D. |
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Title |
Extracting pure circular dichroism from hierarchically structured CdS magic cluster films |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ACS nano |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acs Nano |
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Volume |
16 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
20457-20469 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Chiroptically active, hierarchically structured materials are difficult to accurately characterize due to linear anisotropic contributions (i.e., linear dichroism (LD) and linear birefringence (LB)) and parasitic ellipticities that produce artifactual circular dichroism (CD) signals, in addition to chiral analyte contributions ranging from molecular-scale clusters to micron-sized assemblies. Recently, we have shown that CdS magic-sized clusters (MSC) can self-assemble into ordered films that have a hierarchical structure spanning seven orders of length-scale. These films have a strong CD response, but the chiral origins are obfuscated by the hierarchical architecture and LDLB contributions. Here, we derive and demonstrate a method for extracting the “pure” CD signal (CD generated by structural dissymmetry) from hierarchical MSC films and identified the chiral origin. The theory behind the method is derived using Mueller matrix and Stokes vector conventions and verified experimentally before being applied to hierarchical MSC and nanoparticle films with varying macroscopic orderings. Each film's extracted “true CD” shares a bisignate profile aligned with the exciton peak, indicating the assemblies adopt a chiral arrangement and form an exciton coupled system. Interestingly, the linearly aligned MSC film possesses one of the highest g-factors (0.05) among semiconducting nanostructures reported. Additionally, we find that films with similar electronic transition dipole alignment can possess greatly different g-factors, indicating chirality change rather than anisotropy is the cause of the difference in the CD signal. The difference in g-factor is controllable via film evaporation geometry. This study provides a simple means to measure “true” CD and presents an example of experimentally understanding chiroptic interactions in hierarchical nanostructures. |
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Wos |
000888219600001 |
Publication Date |
2022-11-17 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1936-0851 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
17.1 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award Nos. DMR-2003431 and CHE-2003586. This work made use of the Cornell Center for Materials Research Shared Facilities, which are supported through the NSF MRSEC program (DMR-1719875). This work is partly supported by Grant PID2021-123438NB-I00 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ERDF vA way of making Europe”) and Grant IT1566-22 (Eusko Jaurlaritza). D.W. acknowledges an Individual Fellowship funded by the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) in the Horizon 2020 program (Grant 894254 SuprAtom). S.B. acknowledges financial support from ERC Consolidator Grant No. 815128 REALNANO. B.K. acknowledges NSF award DMR-2003968. We would like to thank Dr. Mark August Pfeifer for help with circular dichroism measurements. Additionally, we would like to thank Professor Luis M. Liz-Marzan for invaluable discussions on chirality. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 17.1 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:192070 |
Serial |
7305 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Mosquera, J.; Wang, D.; Bals, S.; Liz-Marzan, L.M. |
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Title |
Surfactant layers on gold nanorods |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Accounts of chemical research |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
56 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
1204-1212 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Gold nanorods (Au NRs) are an exceptionally promising tool in nanotechnology due to three key factors: (i) their strong interaction with electromagnetic radiation, stemming from their plasmonic nature, (ii) the ease with which the resonance frequency of their longitudinal plasmon mode can be tuned from the visible to the near-infrared region of the electromagnetic spect r u m based on their aspect ratio, and (iii) their simple and cost-effective preparation through seed-mediated chemical growth. In this synthetic method, surfactants play a critical role in controlling the size, shape, and colloidal stabi l i t y of Au NRs. For example, surfactants can stabilize specific crystallographic facets during the formation of Au NRs, leading to t h e formation of NRs with specific morphologies. The process of surfactant adsorption onto the NR surface may result in various assemblies of surfactant molecules, such as spherical micelles, elongated micelles, or bilayers. Again, the assembly mode is critical toward determining the further availabi l i t y of the Au NR surface to the surrounding medium. Despite its importance and a great deal of research effort, the interaction between Au NPs and surfactants remains insufficiently understood, because the assembly process is influenced by numerous factors, including the chemical nature of the surfactant, the surface morphology of Au NPs, and solution parameters. Therefore, gaining a more comprehensive understanding of these interactions is essential to unlock the full potential of the seed-mediated growth method and the applications of plasmonic NPs. A plethora of characterization techniques have been applied to reach such an understanding , but many open questions remain. In this Account, we review the current knowledge on the interactions between surfactants and Au NRs. We briefly introduce the state-of-the-art methods for synthesizing Au NRs and highlight the crucial role of cationic surfactants during this process. The self-assembly and organization of surfactants on the Au NR surface is then discussed to better understand their role in seed-mediated growth. Subsequently, we provide examples and elucidate how chemical additives can be used to modulate micellar assemblies, in turn allowing for a finer control over the growth of Au NRs, including chiral NRs. Next, we review the main experimental characterization and computational modeling techniques that have been applied to shed light on the arrangement of surfactants on Au NRs and summarize the advantages and disadvantages for each technique. The Account ends with a “Conclusions and Outlook” section, outlining promising future research directions and developments that we consider are sti l l required, mostly related to the application of electron microscopy in liquid and in 3D. Finally, we remark on the potential of exploiting machine learning techniques to predict synthetic routes for NPs with predefined structures and properties. |
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Wos |
000986447000001 |
Publication Date |
2023-05-08 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0001-4842 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
18.3 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
The authors acknowledge financial support by the European Research Council (ERC CoG No. 815128 REALNANO to S.B.; ERC AdG No. 787510, 4DbioSERS to L.M.L.-M.) , from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “ESF Investing in your future” (Grant PID2020-117779RB-I00 to L.M.L.-M. and Grants RYC2019-027842-I , PID2020-117885GA-I00 to J.M.) , and by Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology (No. 2017B030301007) , National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics (No. 2016B01018) , MOE Interna-tional Laboratory for Optical Information Technologies, and the 111 projects. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 18.3; 2023 IF: 20.268 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:196768 |
Serial |
8940 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Schattschneider, P.; Löffler, S.; Verbeeck, J. |
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Title |
Comment on “Quantized orbital angular momentum transfer and magnetic dichroism in the interaction of electron vortices with matter” |
Type |
Editorial |
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Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Physical review letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys Rev Lett |
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Volume |
110 |
Issue |
18 |
Pages |
189501-189502 |
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Keywords |
Editorial; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Place of Publication |
New York, N.Y. |
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Wos |
000319019300019 |
Publication Date |
2013-05-02 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0031-9007;1079-7114; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
8.462 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
Countatoms; Vortex; Esteem2; esteem2jra3 ECASJO; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 8.462; 2013 IF: 7.728 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109014UA @ admin @ c:irua:109014 |
Serial |
410 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Lamas, J.S.; Leroy, W.P.; Lu, Y.-G.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Depla, D. |
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Title |
Using the macroscopic scale to predict the nano-scale behavior of YSZ thin films |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Surface and coatings technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Surf Coat Tech |
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Volume |
238 |
Issue |
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Pages |
45-50 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
In this work, Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thin films were deposited using dual reactive magnetron sputtering. By varying the deposition conditions, the film morphology and texture of the thin films are tuned and biaxial alignment is obtained. Studying the crystallographic and microstructural properties of the YSZ thin films, a tilted columnar growth was identified. This tilt is shown to be dependent on the compositional gradient of the sample. The variation of composition within a single YSZ column measured via STEM-EDX is demonstrated to be equal to the macroscopic variation on a full YSZ sample when deposited under the same deposition parameters. A simple stress model was developed to predict the tilt of the growing columns. The results indicate that this model not only determines the column bending of the growing film but also confirms that a macroscopic approach is sufficient to determine the compositional gradient in a single column of the YSZ thin films. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Place of Publication |
Lausanne |
Editor |
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Wos |
000331028200005 |
Publication Date |
2013-10-29 |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0257-8972; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.589 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
246791 Countatoms; 278510 Vortex;Nmp3-La-2010-246102 Ifox; 312483 Esteem2; esteem2jra3 ECASJO; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.589; 2014 IF: 1.998 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115765 |
Serial |
3827 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Yuan, R.; Claes, N.; Verheyen, E.; Tuel, A.; Bals, S.; Breynaert, E.; Martens, J.; Kirschhock, C.E.A. |
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Title |
Synthesis of IWW-type germanosilicate zeolite using 5-azonia-spiro[4, 4]nonane as structure directing agent |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
New journal of chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
New J Chem |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
40 |
Pages |
4319-4324 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
IWW-type zeolite with Si/Ge of 4.9 is obtained using 5-azonia-spiro[4,4]nonane as template in fluoride-free medium under hydrothermal conditions at 175 °C. In an otherwise identical synthesis, using the related 5-azonia-spiro[4,5]decane as structure directing agent, a mixture of IWW and NON zeolite types was formed. In absence of GeO2 from the reactant mixture, pure NON formed. The IWW zeolite was characterized by XRD, SEM, and HRTEM. IWW zeolite displayed a unique morphology and could be calcined at 600 °C without loss of crystallinity. The Si/Ge ratio of the IWW zeolite was increased by postsynthesis modification. Part of the germanium could be eliminated from the as-synthesized IWW zeolite by acid leaching using 6 M HCl solution. Also the calcined material could be degermanated. Here the presence of a silicon source in the acidic leaching solution minimized structural damage. This way the Si/Ge ratio of the IWW zeolite was increased from 4.9 up to 10. |
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Wos |
000375586400038 |
Publication Date |
2016-02-19 |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1144-0546 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.269 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
The authors acknowledge FWO/NWO and ESRF for providing beam time at the DUBBLE and SNBL beamlines (ESRF, Grenoble) and P. Abdala for her assistance during the use of the beamline. The authors are grateful to L. Van Tendeloo for taking SEM images. I. Cuppens and K. Houthoofd are thanked for the ICP and AAS measurements. R.Y. acknowledges Chinese Scholarship Council for a CSC doctoral fellowship. JAM and CEAK acknowledge the Flemish government for long-term structural funding (Methusalem). N.C. and S.B. acknowledge financial support from European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS).; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot); |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.269 |
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Call Number |
c:irua:133671 |
Serial |
4027 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Saqlain, M.A.; Hussain, A.; Siddiq, D.M.; Leenaerts, O.; Leitão, A.A. |
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Title |
DFT Study of Synergistic Catalysis of the Water-Gas-Shift Reaction on Cu-Au Bimetallic Surfaces |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
ChemCatChem |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chemcatchem |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1208-1217 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Abstract |
The water-gas-shift reaction (WGSR) is an important industrial process that can be significantly enhanced at suitable catalyst surfaces. In this work, we investigate the catalytic behavior of metallic Cu(1 0 0) and bimetallic Cu–Au(1 0 0) surfaces. With density functional theory calculations, the variation in the Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), the activation barriers, and the rate constants for the WGSR are calculated. The variation in ΔG° for water dissociation shows that the process is spontaneous up to 520 K on the bimetallic surface and up to 229 K on the Cu(1 0 0) surface. The calculated rate constants for the process also show that the bimetallic surface is much more reactive than the Cu(1 0 0) surface. The calculated pressure–temperature phase diagram for water dissociation shows that the partial pressure of H2O required for water dissociation on the bimetallic surface is substantially lower than that on the Cu(1 0 0) surface at all the studied temperatures. Additionally, the calculations demonstrate that the kinetics of the water-gas-shift reaction is dominated by redox processes on both the surfaces. |
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Language |
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Wos |
000373074900026 |
Publication Date |
2016-02-26 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1867-3880 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.803 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The authors would like to thank the Brazilian agencies CNPq, CAPES, FAPEMIG (CEX-PPM-00262/13), and TWAS for financial support and CENAPAD-SP for computational facilities. M.A. Saqlain pays special thanks to all the members of GFQSI for making his stay in Brazil memorable. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.803 |
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Call Number |
c:irua:133236 |
Serial |
4070 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Ekimov, E.A.; Kudryavtsev, O.S.; Turner, S.; Korneychuk, S.; Sirotinkin, V.P.; Dolenko, T.A.; Vervald, A.M.; Vlasov, I.I. |
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Title |
The effect of molecular structure of organic compound on the direct high-pressure synthesis of boron-doped nanodiamond: Effect of organic compound on synthesis of boron-doped nanodiamond |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Physica status solidi : A : applications and materials science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys Status Solidi A |
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Volume |
213 |
Issue |
213 |
Pages |
2582-2589 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Evolution of crystalline phases with temperature has been studied in materials produced by high-pressure high-temperature treatment of 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane dimer (9BBN), triphenylborane and trimesitylborane. The boron-doped diamond nanoparticles with a size below 10 nm were obtained at 8–9 GPa and temperatures 970–1250 °C from 9BBN only. Bridged structure and the presence of boron atom in the carbon cycle of 9BBN were revealed to be a key point for the direct synthesis of doped diamond nanocrystals. The diffusional transformation of the disordered carbon phase is suggested to be the main mechanism of the nanodiamond formation from 9BBN in the temperature range of 970–1400 °C. Aqueous suspensions of primary boron-doped diamond nanocrystals were prepared upon removal of non-diamond phases that opens wide opportunities for application of this new nanomaterial in electronics and biotechnologies. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000388321500006 |
Publication Date |
2016-07-04 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1862-6300 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.775 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.775 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:135175 |
Serial |
4120 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
van den Bos, K.H.W.; Krause, F.F.; Béché, A.; Verbeeck, J.; Rosenauer, A.; Van Aert, S. |
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Title |
Locating light and heavy atomic column positions with picometer precision using ISTEM |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Ultramicroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ultramicroscopy |
|
|
Volume |
172 |
Issue |
172 |
Pages |
75-81 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Recently, imaging scanning transmission electron microscopy (ISTEM) has been proposed as a promising new technique combining the advantages of conventional TEM (CTEM) and STEM [1]. The ability to visualize light and heavy elements together makes it a particularly interesting new, spatially incoherent imaging mode. Here, we evaluate this technique in term of precision with which atomic column locations can be measured. By using statistical parameter estimation theory, we will show that these locations can be accurately measured with a precision in the picometer range. Furthermore, a quantitative comparison is made with HAADF STEM imaging to investigate the advantages of ISTEM. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000390600200009 |
Publication Date |
2016-10-09 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
|
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ISSN |
0304-3991 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.843 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
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|
Notes |
The authors acknowledge financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through project fundings (G.0374.13N, G.0368.15N, G.0369.15N), and by a Ph.D. grant to K.H.W. van den Bos. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under Contract No. RO 2057/4-2 and the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 312483 – ESTEEM2. We thank Prof. G. Koster from the University of Twente for kindly providing us with the PbTiO3 test sample. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.843 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:136109UA @ admin @ c:irua:136109 |
Serial |
4288 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Garzia Trulli, M.; Claes, N.; Pype, J.; Bals, S.; Baert, K.; Terryn, H.; Sardella, E.; Favia, P.; Vanhulsel, A. |
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Title |
Deposition of aminosilane coatings on porous Al2O3microspheres by means of dielectric barrier discharges |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Plasma processes and polymers |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Process Polym |
|
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
14 |
Pages |
1600211 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA) |
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Abstract |
Advances in the synthesis of porous microspheres and in their functionalization are increasing the interest in applications of alumina. This paper deals with coatings plasma deposited from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane by means of dielectric barrier discharges on alumina porous microspheres, shaped by a vibrational droplet coagulation technique. Aims of the work are the functionalization of the particles with active amino groups, as well as the evaluation of their surface coverage and of the penetration of the coatings into their pores. A multi-diagnostic approach was used for the chemical/morphological characterization of the particles. It was found that 5 min exposure to plasma discharges promotes the deposition of homogeneous coatings onto the microspheres and within their pores, down to 1 μm. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000410773200003 |
Publication Date |
2017-01-05 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
|
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ISSN |
1612-8850 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.846 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
The technical assistance of the VITO staff (Materials Dpt.) is gratefully acknowledged, especially D. Havermans, E. Van Hoof, R. Kemps (SEM-EDX), and A. De Wilde (Hg Porosimetry). Drs. S. Mullens and G. Scheltjens are kindly acknowledged for constructive discussions. Strategic Initiative Materials in Flanders (SIM) is gratefully acknowledged for its financial support. This research was carried out in the framework of the SIM-TRAP program (Tools for rational processing of nano-particles: controlling and tailoring nanoparticle based or nanomodified particle based materials). N. Claes and S. Bals acknowledge financial support from European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOM). (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot); saraecas; ECAS_Sara; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.846 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:139511UA @ admin @ c:irua:139511 |
Serial |
4342 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Georgieva, V.; Berthelot, A.; Silva, T.; Kolev, S.; Graef, W.; Britun, N.; Chen, G.; van der Mullen, J.; Godfroid, T.; Mihailova, D.; van Dijk, J.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A.; Delplancke-Ogletree, M.-P. |
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Title |
Understanding Microwave Surface-Wave Sustained Plasmas at Intermediate Pressure by 2D Modeling and Experiments: Understanding Microwave Surface-Wave Sustained Plasmas … |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Plasma processes and polymers |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Process Polym |
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Volume |
14 |
Issue |
14 |
Pages |
1600185 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Abstract |
An Ar plasma sustained by a surfaguide wave launcher is investigated at intermediate pressure (200–2667 Pa). Two 2D self-consistent models (quasi-neutral and plasma bulk-sheath) are developed and benchmarked. The complete set of electromagnetic and fluid equations and the boundary conditions are presented. The transformation of fluid equations from a local reference frame, that is, moving with plasma or when the gas flow is zero, to a laboratory reference frame, that is,
accounting for the gas flow, is discussed. The pressure range is extended down to 80 Pa by experimental measurements. The electron temperature decreases with pressure. The electron density depends linearly on power, and changes its behavior with pressure depending on the product of pressure and radial plasma size. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000403074000012 |
Publication Date |
2016-11-17 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1612-8850 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.846 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid; European Marie Curie RAPID project; European Union's Seventh Framework Programme, 606889 ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.846 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:142807 |
Serial |
4568 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
De wael, A.; De Backer, A.; Jones, L.; Nellist, P.D.; Van Aert, S. |
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Title |
Hybrid statistics-simulations based method for atom-counting from ADF STEM images |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Ultramicroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ultramicroscopy |
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Volume |
177 |
Issue |
177 |
Pages |
69-77 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
A hybrid statistics-simulations based method for atom-counting from annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF STEM) images of monotype crystalline nanostructures is presented. Different atom-counting methods already exist for model-like systems. However, the increasing relevance of radiation damage in the study of nanostructures demands a method that allows atom-counting from low dose images with a low signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, the hybrid method directly includes prior knowledge from image simulations into the existing statistics-based method for atom-counting, and accounts in this manner for possible discrepancies between actual and simulated experimental conditions. It is shown by means of simulations and experiments that this hybrid method outperforms the statistics-based method, especially for low electron doses and small nanoparticles. The analysis of a simulated low dose image of a small nanoparticle suggests that this method allows for far more reliable quantitative analysis of beam-sensitive materials. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000401219800010 |
Publication Date |
2017-01-25 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0304-3991 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.843 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
The authors acknowledge financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through project fundings (G.0374.13N, G.0368.15N, G.0369.15N, and WO.010.16N), and a postdoctoral research Grant to A. De Backer. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 312483 – ESTEEM2 (Integrated Infrastructure Initiative-I3). The authors are grateful to G.T. Martinez for providing image simulations. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.843 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:141718 |
Serial |
4486 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Altantzis, T.; Zanaga, D.; Bals, S. |
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Title |
Advanced electron tomography of nanoparticle assemblies |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Europhysics letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Epl-Europhys Lett |
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Volume |
119 |
Issue |
119 |
Pages |
38001 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Nanoparticle assemblies have attracted enormous scientific interest during the last
years, due to their unique properties compared to those of their building blocks. To understand
the origin of these properties and to establish the connection with their structure, a detailed and
quantitative structural characterization is essential. Transmission electron microscopy has been
widely used to investigate nano-assemblies. However, TEM images only correspond to a twodimensional
projection of a three-dimensional object. Therefore, in order to obtain the necessary
3D structural information electron tomography has to be applied. By means of advanced electron
tomography, both qualitative and quantitative information can be obtained, which can be used
for detailed theoretical studies. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000415019400023 |
Publication Date |
2017-10-12 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0295-5075 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.957 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
We would like to thank the colleagues who have contributed to this work over the years, including L. M. Liz- Marzan, M. Grzelczak, A. Sanchez-Iglesias, D. Vanmaekelbergh, M. P. Boneschanscher, W. H. Evers, J. J. Geuchies, B. Goris, A. de Backer, S. van Aert, M.-P. Pileni, Z. Yang, K. J. Batenburg, J. Sijbers, F. Bleichrodt, W. J. Palenstijn, A. van Blaaderen, M. A. van Huis, F. M. Peeters, N. Winckelmans and D. Wang. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (G.0381.16N, G.036915 G.0374.13 and funding of a postdoctoral grant to TA). SB and DZ acknowledge funding from the European Research Council, ERC grant No. 335078 – Colouratom. (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot); saraecas; ECAS_Sara; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.957 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:146096UA @ admin @ c:irua:146096 |
Serial |
4733 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Shetty, S.; Sinha, S.K.; Ahmad, R.; Singh, A.K.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ravishankar, N. |
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Title |
Existence of Ti2+States on the Surface of Heavily Reduced SrTiO3Nanocubes |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
acs.chemmater.7b04113 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Using advanced electron microscopy, we demonstrate the presence of Ti2+ on the 001 surfaces of heavily reduced strontium titanate nanocubes. While high-angle annular dark field images show a clear difference between the surfaces of the unreduced and reduced samples, electron energy loss spectroscopy detects the presence of Ti2+ on the surface of the reduced cubes. Conventional reduction only leads to the formation of Ti3+ and involves the use of high temperatures. In our case, reduction is achieved at relatively lower temperatures in the solid state using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent. Our findings provide insights into the optical properties of the samples and provide a convenient method to produce highly reduced surfaces that could demonstrate a range of exotic physical phenomena |
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Corporate Author |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000418206600005 |
Publication Date |
2017-11-17 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0897-4756 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
9.466 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
We thank Advanced Facility for Microscopy and Microanalysis (AFMM), IISc, Bangalore for providing the TEM facility. We also thank MNCF, CeNSE, IISc for providing the XPS and FT-IR facilities. We acknowledge the help from Prof. Anshu Pandey for providing the PL facility and Mr. Ashutosh Gupta for the help with measurements. SS and NR thank DST for providing the financial support. RA and AKS acknowledge Super Computing Education and Research Center (SERC) and Materials Research Center (MRC), at IISc for providing required computational facilities. RA acknowledges the financial support from INSPIRE fellowship, AORC.Science and Engineering Research Board; Federaal Wetenschapsbeleid; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.466 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @c:irua:147191 |
Serial |
4767 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Li, J.; Pereira, P.J.; Yuan, J.; Lv, Y.-Y.; Jiang, M.-P.; Lu, D.; Lin, Z.-Q.; Liu, Y.-J.; Wang, J.-F.; Li, L.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Li, M.-Y.; Feng, H.-L.; Hatano, T.; Wang, H.-B.; Wu, P.-H.; Yamaura, K.; Takayama-Muromachi, E.; Vanacken, J.; Chibotaru, L.F.; Moshchalkov, V.V. |
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Title |
Nematic superconducting state in iron pnictide superconductors |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Nature communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Commun |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
1880 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Nematic order often breaks the tetragonal symmetry of iron-based superconductors. It arises from regular structural transition or electronic instability in the normal phase. Here, we report the observation of a nematic superconducting state, by measuring the angular dependence of the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetoresistivity of Ba 0.5 K 0.5 Fe 2 As 2 single crystals. We find large twofold oscillations in the vicinity of the superconducting transition, when the direction of applied magnetic field is rotated within the basal plane. To avoid the influences from sample geometry or current flow direction, the sample was designed as Corbino-shape for in-plane and mesa-shape for out-of-plane measurements. Theoretical analysis shows that the nematic superconductivity arises from the weak mixture of the quasi-degenerate s-wave and d-wave components of the superconducting condensate, most probably induced by a weak anisotropy of stresses inherent to single crystals. |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Wos |
000416933400002 |
Publication Date |
2017-11-27 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2041-1723 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
12.124 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
The authors J.L., P.J.P., and J.Y. contributed equally to this work. J.L. and J.Y. designed the experiments. J.L., H.-L.F., K.Y., and E.T.-M. grew the single crystals. J.L., J.Y., Y.-Y.L., M.-P.J., D.L., M.-Y.L., T.H., H.-B.W., P.-H.W., K.Y., E.T.-M., J.V., and V.V.M. fabricated the devices and measured transport properties. J.L., Y.-Y.L., Z.-Q.L., Y.-J.L., J.-F.W., and L.L. studied on the pulsed high field measurements. X.K. and G.V.T. measured the low temperature TEM. All authors discussed the data. J.L., P.J.P., and L.F.C. proposed the model and simulated the results. J.L., P.J.P., K.Y., E.T.-M., and L.F.C. analyzed the data and prepared the manuscript. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 12.124 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:147348 |
Serial |
4772 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Zhong, Z.; Aveyard, R.; Rieger, B.; Bals, S.; Palenstijn, W.J.; Batenburg, K.J. |
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Title |
Automatic correction of nonlinear damping effects in HAADF-STEM tomography for nanomaterials of discrete compositions |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Ultramicroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ultramicroscopy |
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Volume |
184 |
Issue |
184 |
Pages |
57-65 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
<script type='text/javascript'>document.write(unpmarked('HAADF-STEM tomography is a common technique for characterizing the three-dimensional morphology of nanomaterials. In conventional tomographic reconstruction algorithms, the image intensity is assumed to be a linear projection of a physical property of the specimen. However, this assumption of linearity is not completely valid due to the nonlinear damping of signal intensities. The nonlinear damping effects increase w.r.t the specimen thickness and lead to so-called \u0022cupping artifacts\u0022, due to a mismatch with the linear model used in the reconstruction algorithm. Moreover, nonlinear damping effects can strongly limit the applicability of advanced reconstruction approaches such as Total Variation Minimization and discrete tomography. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for automatically correcting the nonlinear effects and the subsequent cupping artifacts. It is applicable to samples in which chemical compositions can be segmented based on image gray levels. The correction is realized by iteratively estimating the nonlinear relationship between projection intensity and sample thickness, based on which the projections are linearized. The correction and reconstruction algorithms are tested on simulated and experimental data. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.')); |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000417779800008 |
Publication Date |
2017-10-31 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0304-3991 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.843 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
; This research is supported by the Dutch Technology Foundation STW (http:// www.stw.nl/), which is part of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), and which is partly funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation under project number 13314. Funding from the European Research Council (Starting grant no. COLOURATOMS 335078) is acknowledged by S. Bals. The authors would like to thank Dr. Thomas Altantzis and Dr. Bart Goris for providing the experimental data, and Prof. Dr. Luis M. Liz-Marzan for providing the investigated samples. ; ecas_sara |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.843 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:148501UA @ admin @ c:irua:148501 |
Serial |
4867 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Bal, K.M.; Neyts, E.C. |
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Title |
Modelling molecular adsorption on charged or polarized surfaces: a critical flaw in common approaches |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Physical chemistry, chemical physics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys Chem Chem Phys |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
8456-8459 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Abstract |
A number of recent computational material design studies based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations have put forward a new class of materials with electrically switchable chemical characteristics that can be exploited in the development of tunable gas storage and electrocatalytic applications. We find systematic flaws in almost every computational study of gas adsorption on polarized or charged surfaces, stemming from an improper and unreproducible treatment of periodicity, leading to very large errors of up to 3 eV in some cases. Two simple corrective procedures that lead to consistent results are proposed, constituting a crucial course correction to the research in the field. |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
000428779700007 |
Publication Date |
2018-03-12 |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
|
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ISSN |
1463-9076 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.123 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
K. M. B. is funded as PhD fellow (aspirant) of the FWO-Flanders (Research Foundation – Flanders), Grant 11V8915N. The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the FWO and the Flemish Government – department EWI. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.123 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:150357 |
Serial |
4916 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Belov, I.; Vermeiren, V.; Paulussen, S.; Bogaerts, A. |
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Title |
Carbon dioxide dissociation in a microwave plasma reactor operating in a wide pressure range and different gas inlet configurations |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Journal of CO2 utilization |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Co2 Util |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
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Pages |
386-397 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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Abstract |
Microwave (MW) plasmas represent a promising solution for efficient CO2 dissociation. MW discharges are also very versatile and can be sustained at various pressure and gas flow regimes. To identify the most favorable conditions for the further scale-up of the CO2 decomposition reaction, a MW plasma reactor operating in pure CO2 in a wide pressure range (200 mbar–1 bar) is studied. Three different gas flow configurations are explored: a direct, reverse and a vortex regime. The CO2 conversion and energy efficiency drop almost linearly with increasing pressure, regardless of the gas flow regime. The results obtained in the direct flow configuration underline the importance of post-discharge cooling, as the exhaust of the MW plasma reactor in this regime expanded into the vacuum chamber without additional quenching. As a result, this system yields exhaust temperatures of up to 1000 K, which explains the lowest conversion (∼3.5% at 200 mbar and 2% at 1 bar). A post-discharge cooling step is introduced for the reverse gas inlet regime and allows the highest conversion to be achieved (∼38% at 200 mbar and 6.2% at 1 bar, with energy efficiencies of 23% and 3.7%). Finally, a tangential gas inlet is utilized in the vortex configuration to generate a swirl flow pattern. This results in the generation of a stable discharge in a broader range of CO2 flows (15–30 SLM) and the highest energy efficiencies obtained in this study (∼25% at 300 mbar and ∼13% at 1 bar, at conversions of 21% and 12%). The experimental results are complemented with computational fluid dynamics simulations and with the analysis of the latest literature to identify the further research directions. |
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Wos |
000428234500045 |
Publication Date |
2018-03-15 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2212-9820 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.292 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access: Available from 16.03.2020
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Notes |
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-PEOPLE-2013- ITN) under Grant Agreement№606889 (R |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.292 |
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Call Number |
PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:150874 |
Serial |
4955 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
van den Bos, K.H.W.; Altantzis, T.; De Backer, A.; Van Aert, S.; Bals, S. |
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Title |
Recent breakthroughs in scanning transmission electron microscopy of small species |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Advances in Physics: X |
Abbreviated Journal |
Advances in Physics: X |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
1480420 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Over the last decade, scanning transmission electron microscopy has become one of the most powerful tools to characterise nanomaterials at the atomic scale. Often, the ultimate goal is to retrieve the three-dimensional structure, which is very challenging since small species are typically sensitive to electron irradiation. Nevertheless, measuring individual atomic positions is crucial to understand the relation between the structure and physicochemical properties of these (nano)materials. In this review, we highlight the latest approaches that are available to reveal the 3D atomic structure of small species. Finally, we will provide an outlook and will describe future challenges where the limits of electron microscopy will be pushed even further. |
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Wos |
000441619500001 |
Publication Date |
2018-08-13 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2374-6149 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
This work was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) under Grant G.0368.15N, G.0369.15N, and G.0267.18N, by personal FWO Grants to K. H. W. van den Bos, T. Altantzis, and A. De Backer, and the European Research Council under Grant 335078 COLOURATOM to S. Bals. The authors would like to thank the colleagues who have contributed to this work over the years, including A. M. Abakumov, K. J. Batenburg, E. Countiño-Gonzalez, C. de Mello Donega, R. Erni, J. J. Geuchies, B. Goris, J. Hofkens, L. Jones, P. Lievens, L. M. Liz-Marzán, I. Lobato, G. T. Martinez, P. D. Nellist, B. Partoens, M. B. J. Roeffaers, M.D. Rossell, B. Schoeters, M. J. Van Bael, W. van der Stam, M. van Huis, G. Van Tendeloo, D. Vanmaekelbergh, and N. Winckelmans. (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:can); saraecas; ECAS_Sara; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:152820UA @ admin @ c:irua:152820 |
Serial |
5007 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
He, L.; Wang, H.; Chen, L.; Wang, X.; Xie, H.; Jiang, C.; Li, C.; Elibol, K.; Meyer, J.; Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Wu, Z.; Wang, W.; Ni, Z.; Miao, X.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, D.; Wang, H.; Xie, X. |
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Title |
Isolating hydrogen in hexagonal boron nitride bubbles by a plasma treatment |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Nature communications |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Commun |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
2815 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Atomically thin hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is often regarded as an elastic film that is impermeable to gases. The high stabilities in thermal and chemical properties allow h-BN to serve as a gas barrier under extreme conditions. Here, we demonstrate the isolation of hydrogen in bubbles of h-BN via plasma treatment. Detailed characterizations reveal that the substrates do not show chemical change after treatment. The bubbles are found to withstand thermal treatment in air, even at 800°C. Scanning transmission electron microscopy investigation shows that the h-BN multilayer has a unique aligned porous stacking nature, which is essential for the character of being transparent to atomic hydrogen but impermeable to hydrogen molecules. In addition, we successfully demonstrated the extraction of hydrogen gases from gaseous compounds or mixtures containing hydrogen element. The successful production of hydrogen bubbles on h-BN flakes has potential for further application in nano/ micro-electromechanical systems and hydrogen storage. |
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Wos |
000473002500004 |
Publication Date |
2019-06-27 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2041-1723 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
12.124 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
The work was partially supported by the National Key R&D program (Grant No. 2017YFF0206106), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB30000000), the National Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51772317, 51302096), the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (Grant No. 16ZR1442700), the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. ZRMS2017000370), and the Fundamental Research Funds of Wuhan City (No. 2016060101010075). K.W. and T.T. acknowledge support from the Elemental Strategy Initiative conducted by the MEXT, Japan and JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers JP15K21722. C.L. acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grants No. 656378—Interfacial Reactions. L.H. acknowledges financial support from the program of China Scholarships Council (No. 201706160037). H.W. and D.Z. thank Y. Gu, Y. Ma, X. Chen (Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for FTIR spectra measurement. L.C. and L.H. thank Q. Liu and Z. Liu (Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) for measurement in XPS spectra and mass spectra. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 12.124 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:160714 |
Serial |
5191 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Prabhakara, V.; Jannis, D.; Béché, A.; Bender, H.; Verbeeck, J. |
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Title |
Strain measurement in semiconductor FinFET devices using a novel moiré demodulation technique |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Semiconductor science and technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Semicond Sci Tech |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Moiré fringes are used throughout a wide variety of applications in physics and
engineering to bring out small variations in an underlying lattice by comparing with another reference lattice. This method was recently demonstrated in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy imaging to provide local strain measurement in crystals by comparing the crystal lattice with the scanning raster that then serves as the reference. The images obtained in this way contain a beating fringe pattern with a local period that represents the deviation of the lattice from the reference. In order to obtain the actual strain value, a region containing a full period of the fringe is required, which results in a compromise between strain sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this paper we propose an advanced setup making use of an optimised scanning pattern and a novel phase stepping demodulation scheme. We demonstrate the novel method on a series of 16 nm Si-Ge semiconductor FinFET devices in which strain plays a crucial role in modulating the charge carrier mobility. The obtained results are compared with both Nano-beam diffraction and the recently proposed Bessel beam diffraction technique. The setup provides a much improved spatial resolution over conventional moiré imaging in STEM while at the same time being fast and requiring no specialised diffraction camera as opposed to the diffraction techniques we compare to. |
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Wos |
000537721200002 |
Publication Date |
2019-11-29 |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0268-1242 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.305 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
The Qu-Ant-EM microscope and the direct electron detector used in the diffraction experiments was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. This project has received funding from the GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp. We would also like to thank Dr. Thomas Nuytten and Prof. Dr. Wilfried Vandervorst from IMEC, Leuven for their continuous support and collaboration with the project. |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.305 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:165794 |
Serial |
5445 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Marchetti, A.; Saniz, R.; Krishnan, D.; Rabbachin, L.; Nuyts, G.; De Meyer, S.; Verbeeck, J.; Janssens, K.; Pelosi, C.; Lamoen, D.; Partoens, B.; De Wael, K. |
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Title |
Unraveling the Role of Lattice Substitutions on the Stabilization of the Intrinsically Unstable Pb2Sb2O7Pyrochlore: Explaining the Lightfastness of Lead Pyroantimonate Artists’ Pigments |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Chemistry Of Materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
2863-2873 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Abstract |
The pyroantimonate pigments Naples yellow and lead tin antimonate yellow are recognized as some of the most stable synthetic yellow pigments in the history of art. However, this exceptional lightfastness is in contrast with experimental evidence suggesting that this class of mixed oxides is of semiconducting nature. In this study the electronic structure and light-induced behavior of the lead pyroantimonate pigments were determined by means of a combined multifaceted analytical and computational approach (photoelectrochemical measurements, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, STEM-EDS, STEM-HAADF, and density functional theory calculations). The results demonstrate both the semiconducting nature and the lightfastness of these pigments. Poor optical absorption and minority carrier mobility are the main properties responsible for the observed stability. In addition, novel fundamental insights into the role played by Na atoms in the stabilization of the otherwise intrinsically unstable Pb2Sb2O7 pyrochlore were obtained. |
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Wos |
000526394000016 |
Publication Date |
2020-04-14 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0897-4756 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
8.6 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
Universiteit Antwerpen; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 8.6; 2020 IF: 9.466 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:168819 |
Serial |
6363 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Wang, J.; Gauquelin, N.; Huijben, M.; Verbeeck, J.; Rijnders, G.; Koster, G. |
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Title |
Metal-insulator transition of SrVO 3 ultrathin films embedded in SrVO 3 / SrTiO 3 superlattices |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Applied Physics Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Phys Lett |
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Volume |
117 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
133105 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
The metal-insulator transition (MIT) in strongly correlated oxides is a topic of great interest for its potential applications, such as Mott field effect transistors and sensors. We report that the MIT in high quality epitaxial SrVO3 (SVO) thin films is present as the film thickness is reduced, lowering the dimensionality of the system, and electron-electron correlations start to become the dominant interactions. The critical thickness of 3 u.c is achieved by avoiding effects due to off-stoichiometry using optimal growth conditions and excluding any surface effects by a STO capping layer. Compared to the single SVO thin films, conductivity enhancement in SVO/STO superlattices is observed. This can be explained by the interlayer coupling effect between SVO sublayers in the superlattices. Magnetoresistance and Hall measurements indicate that the dominant driving force of MIT is the electron–electron interaction. |
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Wos |
000577126100001 |
Publication Date |
2020-09-28 |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0003-6951 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 13HTSM01 ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 4; 2020 IF: 3.411 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:172461 |
Serial |
6415 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Mychinko, M.; Skorikov, A.; Albrecht, W.; Sánchez‐Iglesias, A.; Zhuo, X.; Kumar, V.; Liz‐Marzán, L.M.; Bals, S. |
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Title |
The Influence of Size, Shape, and Twin Boundaries on Heat‐Induced Alloying in Individual Au@Ag Core–Shell Nanoparticles |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Small |
Abbreviated Journal |
Small |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
2102348 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Environmental conditions during real-world application of bimetallic core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) often include the use of elevated temperatures, which are known to cause elemental redistribution, in turn significantly altering the properties of these nanomaterials. Therefore, a thorough understanding of such processes is of great importance. The recently developed combination of fast electron tomography with in situ heating holders is a powerful approach to investigate heat-induced processes at the single NP level, with high spatial resolution in 3D. In combination with 3D finite-difference diffusion simulations, this method can be used to disclose the influence of various NP parameters on the diffusion dynamics in Au@Ag core–shell systems. A detailed study of the influence of heating on atomic diffusion and alloying for Au@Ag NPs with varying core morphology and crystallographic details is carried out. Whereas the core shape and aspect ratio of the NPs play a minor role, twin boundaries are found to have a strong influence on the elemental diffusion. |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
000673326600001 |
Publication Date |
2021-07-14 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1613-6810 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
8.643 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
The funding for this project was provided by European Research Council (ERC Consolidator Grant 815128, REALNANO) and European Commission (grant 731019, EUSMI and grant 26019, ESTEEM). This work was performed under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme-Grant No. MDM-2017-0720, Ministry of Science and Innovation.; sygmaSB |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 8.643 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:179856 |
Serial |
6804 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Albrecht, W.; Arslan Irmak, E.; Altantzis, T.; Pedrazo‐Tardajos, A.; Skorikov, A.; Deng, T.‐S.; van der Hoeven, J.E.S.; van Blaaderen, A.; Van Aert, S.; Bals, S. |
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Title |
3D Atomic‐Scale Dynamics of Laser‐Light‐Induced Restructuring of Nanoparticles Unraveled by Electron Tomography |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Advanced Materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Adv Mater |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
2100972 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT) |
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Abstract |
Understanding light–matter interactions in nanomaterials is crucial for
optoelectronic, photonic, and plasmonic applications. Specifically, metal
nanoparticles (NPs) strongly interact with light and can undergo shape
transformations, fragmentation and ablation upon (pulsed) laser excitation.
Despite being vital for technological applications, experimental insight into
the underlying atomistic processes is still lacking due to the complexity of
such measurements. Herein, atomic resolution electron tomography is performed
on the same mesoporous-silica-coated gold nanorod, before and after
femtosecond laser irradiation, to assess the missing information. Combined
with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations based on the experimentally
determined 3D atomic-scale morphology, the complex atomistic rearrangements,
causing shape deformations and defect generation, are unraveled.
These rearrangements are simultaneously driven by surface diffusion, facet
restructuring, and strain formation, and are influenced by subtleties in the
atomic distribution at the surface. |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Wos |
000671662000001 |
Publication Date |
2021-07-11 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0935-9648 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
19.791 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
W.A. and E.A.I. contributed equally to this work. The authors acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC Consolidator Grants No. 815128 – REALNANO and No. 770887 – PICOMETRICS), the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (ERC Advanced Grant No. 291667 – HierarSACol), and the European Commission (EUSMI). W.A. acknowledges an Individual Fellowship funded by the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) in the Horizon2020 program (Grant 797153, SOPMEN). T.-S.D. acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC, Grant No. 61905056). The authors also acknowledge financial support by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Grant G.0267.18N).; sygmaSB |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 19.791 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:179781 |
Serial |
6805 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Windels, S.; Diefenhardt, T.; Jain, N.; Marquez, C.; Bals, S.; Schlummer, M.; De Vos, D.E. |
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Title |
Catalytic upcycling of PVC waste-derived phthalate esters into safe, hydrogenated plasticizers |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Green chemistry : cutting-edge research for a greener sustainable future |
Abbreviated Journal |
Green Chem |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
754-766 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Recycling of end-of-life polyvinyl chloride (PVC) calls for solutions to deal with the vast amounts of harmful phthalate plasticizers that have historically been incorporated in PVC. Here, we report on the upcycling of such waste-extracted phthalate esters into analogues of the much safer diisononyl 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate plasticizer (DINCH), via a catalytic one-pot (trans)esterification-hydrogenation process. For most of the virgin phthalates, Ru/Al2O3 is a highly effective hydrogenation catalyst, yielding >99% ring-hydrogenated products under mild reaction conditions (0.1 mol% Ru, 80 degrees C, 50 bar H-2). However, applying this reaction to PVC-extracted phthalates proved problematic, (1) as benzyl phthalates are hydrogenolyzed to benzoic acids that inhibit the Ru-catalyst, and (2) because impurities in the plasticizer extract (PVC, sulfur) further retard the hydrogenation. These complications were solved by coupling the hydrogenation to an in situ (trans)esterification with a higher alcohol, and by pretreating the extract with an activated carbon adsorbent. In this way, a real phthalate extract obtained from post-consumer PVC waste was eventually completely (>99%) hydrogenated to phthalate-free, cycloaliphatic plasticizers. |
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Wos |
000726865200001 |
Publication Date |
2021-11-30 |
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ISSN |
1463-9262; 1463-9270 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
9.8 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 821366 (programma acronym: Circular Flooring). D. E. D. V. thanks FWO for project funding (SBO project S001819N Triple Cycle); N. J. and S. B. acknowledge the financial support from FWO and FNRS (EOS 30489208). Finally, the authors also thank S. Smolders for assistance with the TGA-MS experiments and D. Paredaens for his experimental contribution |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.8 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:184746 |
Serial |
6958 |
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Author |
Pedrazo-Tardajos, A.; Arslan Irmak, E.; Kumar, V.; Sánchez-Iglesias, A.; Chen, Q.; Wirix, M.; Freitag, B.; Albrecht, W.; Van Aert, S.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Bals, S. |
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Title |
Thermal Activation of Gold Atom Diffusion in Au@Pt Nanorods |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
ACS nano |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acs Nano |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Understanding the thermal stability of bimetallic nanoparticles is of vital importance to preserve their functionalities during their use in a variety of applications. In contrast to well-studied bimetallic systems such as Au@Ag, heat-induced morphological and compositional changes in Au@Pt nanoparticles are insufficiently understood, even though Au@Pt is an important material for catalysis. To investigate the thermal instability of Au@Pt nanorods at temperatures below their bulk melting point, we combined in situ heating with two- and three-dimensional electron microscopy techniques, including three-dimensional energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The experimental results were used as input for molecular dynamics simulations, to unravel the mechanisms behind the morphological transformation of Au@Pt core–shell nanorods. We conclude that thermal stability is influenced not only by the degree of coverage of Pt on Au but also by structural details of the Pt shell. |
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Wos |
000819246800001 |
Publication Date |
2022-06-10 |
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ISSN |
1936-0851 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
17.1 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
S.B., S.V.A., L.M.L.-M. and A.P.-T. acknowledge financial support from the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 Programme by grant nos. 731019 (EUSMI) and 823717 (ESTEEM3) and ERC Consolidator grant nos. 815128 (REALNANO) and 770887 (PICOMETRICS). L.M.L.-M. acknowledges funding from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through grants no. PID2020-117779RB-I00 and Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence no. MDM-2017-0720. The authors acknowledge the resources and services used for the simulations in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government.; esteem3reported; esteem3JRA |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 17.1 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:188540 |
Serial |
7072 |
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Author |
Goodvin, G.L.; Covaci, L.; Berciu, M. |
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Title |
Holstein polarons near surfaces |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Physical Review Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys Rev Lett |
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Volume |
103 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
176402 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article |
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Abstract |
We study the effects of a nearby surface on the spectral weight of a Holstein polaron, using the inhomogeneous momentum average approximation which is accurate over the entire range of electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling strengths. The broken translational symmetry is taken into account exactly. We find that the e-ph coupling gives rise to a large additional surface potential, with strong retardation effects, which may bind surface states even when they are not normally expected. The surface, therefore, has a significant effect and bulk properties are recovered only very far away from it. These results demonstrate that interpretation in terms of bulk quantities of spectroscopic data sensitive only to a few surface layers is not always appropriate. |
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Address |
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1 |
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English |
Wos |
000271164500042 |
Publication Date |
2009-10-22 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0031-9007 |
ISBN |
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Impact Factor |
8.462 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 8.462; 2009 IF: 7.328 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ |
Serial |
4435 |
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