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	Author	Pilehvar, S.; Gielkens, K.; Trashin, S.A.; Dardenne, F.; Blust, R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	(Electro)sensing of phenicol antibiotics : a review			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Critical reviews in food science and nutrition	Abbreviated Journal	Crit Rev Food Sci
	Volume	56	Issue	14	Pages	2416-2429
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The presence of residues from frequent antibiotic use in animal feed can cause serious health risks by contaminating products for human consumption such as meat and milk. The present article gives an overview of the electrochemical methods developed for the detection of phenicol antibiotic residues (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol) in different kinds of foodstuffs. Electrochemical sensors based on different biomolecules and nanomaterials are described. The detection limit of various developed methods with their advantages and disadvantage will be highlighted.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000382757200015	Publication Date	2015-04-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1040-8398	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.077	Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors are highly thankful for the University of Antwerp Grants (DOCPRO/ IWS). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.077
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:125663			Serial	5585
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	High resolution electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Current opinion in solid state and materials science	Abbreviated Journal	Curr Opin Solid St M
	Volume	17	Issue	3	Pages	107-114
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Reaching atomic resolution in 3D has been the ultimate goal in the field of electron tomography for many years. Significant progress, both on the theoretical as well as the experimental side has recently resulted in several exciting examples demonstrating the ability to visualise atoms in 3D. In this paper, we will review the different steps that have pushed the resolution in 3D to the atomic level. A broad range of methodologies and practical examples together with their impact on materials science will be discussed. Finally, we will provide an outlook and will describe future challenges in the field of high resolution electron tomography.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000323869800003	Publication Date	2013-03-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1359-0286;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.938	Times cited	24	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; 312483 Esteem; Countatoms;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.938; 2013 IF: 7.167
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109454			Serial	1457
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Idrissi, H.; Carrez, P.; Cordier, P.
	Title	On amorphization as a deformation mechanism under high stresses			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Current opinion in solid state and materials science	Abbreviated Journal	Curr Opin Solid St M
	Volume	26	Issue	1	Pages	100976-17
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In this paper we review the work related to amorphization under mechanical stress. Beyond pressure, we highlight the role of deviatoric or shear stresses. We show that the most recent works make amorphization appear as a deformation mechanism in its own right, in particular under extreme conditions (shocks, deformations under high stresses, high strain-rates).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000779433300002	Publication Date	2022-01-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1359-0286	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 11
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:188014			Serial	7064
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kaminsky, F.V.; Ryabchikov, I.D.; McCammon, C.A.; Longo, M.; Abakumov, A.M.; Turner, S.; Heidari, H.
	Title	Oxidation potential in the Earth's lower mantle as recorded by ferropericlase inclusions in diamond			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Earth and planetary science letters	Abbreviated Journal	Earth Planet Sc Lett
	Volume	417	Issue	417	Pages	49-56
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Ferropericlase (fPer) inclusions from kimberlitic lower-mantle diamonds recovered in the Juina area, Mato Grosso State, Brazil were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy and the flank method. The presence of exsolved non-stoichiometric Fe3+-enriched clusters, varying in size from 1-2 nm to 10-15 nm and comprising similar to 3.64 vol.% of fPer was established. The oxidation conditions necessary for fPer formation within the uppermost lower mantle (P = 25 GPa, T = 1960 K) vary over a wide range: Delta log f(o2) (IW) from 1.58 to 7.76 (Delta = 6.2), reaching the fayalite-magnetite-quartz (FMQ) oxygen buffer position. This agrees with the identification of carbonates and free silica among inclusions within lower-mantle Juina diamonds. On the other hand, at the base of the lower mantle Delta log f(o2) values may lie at and below the iron-wustite (IW) oxygen buffer. Hence, the variations of Delta log f(o2) values within the entire sequence of the lower mantle may reach ten logarithmic units, varying from the IW buffer to the FMQ buffer values. The similarity between lower- and upper-mantle redox conditions supports whole mantle convection, as already suggested on the basis of nitrogen and carbon isotopic compositions in lower- and upper-mantle diamonds. The mechanisms responsible for redox differentiation in the lower mantle may include subduction of oxidized crustal material, mechanical separation of metallic phase(s) and silicate-oxide mineral assemblages enriched in ferric iron, as well as transfer of fused silicate-oxide material presumably also enriched in ferric iron through the mantle. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000351799400006	Publication Date	2015-03-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0012-821X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.409	Times cited	23	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.409; 2015 IF: 4.734
	Call Number	c:irua:125451			Serial	2539
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	Author	Brenker, F.E.; Vollmer, C.; Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Szymanski, A.; Janssens, K.; Szaloki, I.; Nasdala, L.; Joswig, W.; Kaminsky, F.
	Title	Carbonates from the lower part of transition zone or even the lower mantle			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	Earth and planetary science letters	Abbreviated Journal	Earth Planet Sc Lett
	Volume	260	Issue	1/2	Pages	1-9
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Effective CO2-storage in the shallow solid Earth mainly occurs by the formation of carbonates. Although the possibility of transport and storage of carbonates to great depth is demonstrated experimentally, ultra-deep mantle carbonates have not been found before. Applying several in situ analytical techniques on inclusions in diamonds from Juina (Brazil) originating from the lower part of the transition zone (> 580 km) or even the lower mantle (> 670 km), reveal the existence of deep Earth carbonates. These finding unquestionably show that at least locally carbonates exist within the deep Earth and may indicate that the Earth's global CO2-cycle has an ultra-deep extension.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000248883300001	Publication Date	2007-03-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0012-821x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.409	Times cited	156	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.409; 2007 IF: 3.873
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:71387			Serial	5496
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	Author	Sankaran, K.; Clima, S.; Mees, M.; Pourtois, G.
	Title	Exploring alternative metals to Cu and W for interconnects applications using automated first-principles simulations			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	ECS journal of solid state science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Ecs J Solid State Sc
	Volume	4	Issue	4	Pages	N3127-N3133
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The bulk properties of elementary metals and copper based binary alloys have been investigated using automated first-principles simulations to evaluate their potential to replace copper and tungsten as interconnecting wires in the coming CMOS technology nodes. The intrinsic properties of the screened candidates based on their cohesive energy and on their electronic properties have been used as a metrics to reflect their resistivity and their sensitivity to electromigration. Using these values, the 'performances' of the alloys have been benchmarked with respect to the Cu and W ones. It turns out that for some systems, alloying Cu with another element leads to a reduced tendency to electromigration. This is however done at the expense of a decrease of the conductivity of the alloy with respect to the bulk metal. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Electrochemical society	Place of Publication	Pennington (N.J.)	Editor
	Language		Wos	000349547900018	Publication Date	2014-11-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2162-8769;2162-8777;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.787	Times cited	19	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.787; 2015 IF: 1.558
	Call Number	c:irua:125296			Serial	1150
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	Author	Loo, R.; Arimura, H.; Cott, D.; Witters, L.; Pourtois, G.; Schulze, A.; Douhard, B.; Vanherle, W.; Eneman, G.; Richard, O.; Favia, P.; Mitard, J.; Mocuta, D.; Langer, R.; Collaert, N.
	Title	Epitaxial CVD Growth of Ultra-Thin Si Passivation Layers on Strained Ge Fin Structures			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	ECS journal of solid state science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Ecs J Solid State Sc
	Volume	7	Issue	2	Pages	P66-P72
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Epitaxially grown ultra-thin Si layers are often used to passivate Ge surfaces in the high-k gate module of (strained) Ge FinFET and Gate All Around devices. We use Si4H10 as Si precursor as it enables epitaxial Si growth at temperatures down to 330 degrees. C-V characteristics of blanket capacitors made on Ge virtual substrates point to the presence of an optimal Si thickness. In case of compressively strained Ge fin structures, the Si growth results in non-uniform and high strain levels in the strained Ge fin. These strain levels have been calculated for different shapes of the Ge fin and in function of the grown Si thickness. The high strain is the driving force for potential (unwanted) Ge surface reflow during Si deposition. The Ge surface reflow is strongly affected by the strength of the H-passivation during Si-capping and can be avoided by carefully selected process conditions. (C) The Author(s) 2018. Published by ECS.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Electrochemical society	Place of Publication	Pennington (N.J.)	Editor
	Language		Wos	000425215200010	Publication Date	2018-01-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2162-8769; 2162-8777	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.787	Times cited	5	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.787
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:149326			Serial	4933
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	Author	Dabral, A.; Pourtois, G.; Sankaran, K.; Magnus, W.; Yu, H.; de de Meux, A.J.; Lu, A.K.A.; Clima, S.; Stokbro, K.; Schaekers, M.; Collaert, N.; Horiguchi, N.; Houssa, M.
	Title	Study of the intrinsic limitations of the contact resistance of metal/semiconductor interfaces through atomistic simulations			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	ECS journal of solid state science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Ecs J Solid State Sc
	Volume	7	Issue	6	Pages	N73-N80
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	In this contribution, we report a fundamental study of the factors that set the contact resistivity between metals and highly doped n-type 2D and 3D semiconductors. We investigate the case of n-type doped Si contacted with amorphous TiSi combining first principles calculations with Non-Equilibrium Green functions transport simulations. The evolution of the intrinsic contact resistivity with the doping concentration is found to saturate at similar to 2 x 10(-10) Omega.cm(2) for the case of TiSi and imposes an intrinsic limit to the ultimate contact resistance achievable for n-doped Silamorphous-TiSi (aTiSi). The limit arises from the intrinsic properties of the semiconductors and of the metals such as their electron effective masses and Fermi energies. We illustrate that, in this regime, contacting heavy electron effective mass metals with semiconductor helps reducing the interface intrinsic contact resistivity. This observation seems to hold true regardless of the 3D character of the semiconductor, as illustrated for the case of three 2D semiconducting materials, namely MoS2, ZrS2 and HfS2. (C) The Author(s) 2018. Published by ECS.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Electrochemical society	Place of Publication	Pennington (N.J.)	Editor
	Language		Wos	000440836000004	Publication Date	2018-05-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2162-8769; 2162-8777	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.787	Times cited	2	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; The authors thank the imec core CMOS program members, the European Commission, its TAKEMI5 ECSEL research project and the local authorities for their support. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.787
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:153205UA @ admin @ c:irua:153205			Serial	5130
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	Author	Dhayalan, S.K.; Kujala, J.; Slotte, J.; Pourtois, G.; Simoen, E.; Rosseel, E.; Hikavyy, A.; Shimura, Y.; Loo, R.; Vandervorst, W.
	Title	On the evolution of strain and electrical properties in as-grown and annealed Si:P epitaxial films for source-drain stressor applications			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	ECS journal of solid state science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Ecs J Solid State Sc
	Volume	7	Issue	5	Pages	P228-P237
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Heavily P doped Si:P epitaxial layers have gained interest in recent times as a promising source-drain stressor material for n type FinFETs (Fin Field Effect Transistors). They are touted to provide excellent conductivity as well as tensile strain. Although the as-grown layers do provide tensile strain, their conductivity exhibits an unfavorable behavior. It reduces with increasing P concentration (P > 1E21 at/cm(3)), accompanied by a saturation in the active carrier concentration. Subjecting the layers to laser annealing increases the conductivity and activates a fraction of P atoms. However, there is also a concurrent reduction in tensile strain (<1%). Literature proposes the formation of local semiconducting Si3P4 complexes to explain the observed behaviors in Si:P [Z. Ye et al., ECS Trans., 50(9) 2013, p. 1007-10111. The development of tensile strain and the saturation in active carrier is attributed to the presence of local complexes while their dispersal on annealing is attributed to strain reduction and increase in active carrier density. However, the existence of such local complexes is not proven and a fundamental void exists in understanding the structure-property correlation in Si:P films. In this respect, our work investigates the reason behind the evolution of strain and electrical properties in the as-grown and annealed Si:P epitaxial layers using ab-initio techniques and corroborate the results with physical characterization techniques. It will be shown that the strain developed in Si:P films is not due to any specific complexes while the formation of Phosphorus-vacancy complexes will be shown responsible for the carrier saturation and the increase in resistivity in the as-grown films. Interstitial/precipitate formation is suggested to be a reason for the strain loss in the annealed films. (C) The Author(s) 2018. Published by ECS.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Electrochemical society	Place of Publication	Pennington (N.J.)	Editor
	Language		Wos	000440834200010	Publication Date	2018-05-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2162-8769; 2162-8777	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.787	Times cited	4	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.787
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:153204			Serial	5122
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	Author	Dhayalan, S.K.; Nuytten, T.; Pourtois, G.; Simoen, E.; Pezzoli, F.; Cinquanta, E.; Bonera, E.; Loo, R.; Rosseel, E.; Hikavyy, A.; Shimura, Y.; Vandervorst, W.
	Title	Insights into the C Distribution in Si:C/Si:C:P and the Annealing Behavior of Si:C Layers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	ECS journal of solid state science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Ecs J Solid State Sc
	Volume	8	Issue	4	Pages	P209-P216
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Si:C and Si:C:P alloys are potential candidates for source-drain stressor applications in n-type Fin Field Effect Transistors (FinFETs). Increasing the C content to achieve high strain results in the arrangement of C atoms as third nearest neighbors (3nn) in the Si: C lattice. During thermal annealing, the presence of C atoms as 3nn may promote clustering at the interstitial sites, causing loss of stress. The concentration of C atoms as 3nn is reduced by the incorporation of a small amount of Ge atoms during the growth, whereas in-situ P doping does not influence this 3nn distribution [J Solid State Sci. Technol vol 6, p 755, 2017]. Small amounts of Ge are provided during low temperature selective epitaxial growth scheme, which are based on cyclic deposition and etching (CDE). In this work, we aim to provide physical insights into the aforementioned phenomena, to understand the behavior of 3nn C atoms and the types of defects that are formed in the annealed Si: C films. Using ab-initio simulations, the Ge-C interaction in the Si matrix is investigated and this insight is used to explain how the Ge incorporation leads to a reduced 3nn distribution of the C atoms. The interaction between C and P in the Si: C: P films is also investigated to explain why the P incorporation has not led to a reduction in the 3nn distribution. We then report on the Raman characterization of Si: C layers subjected to post epi annealing. As the penetration depth of the laser is dependent on the wavelength, Raman measurements at two different wavelengths enable us to probe the depth distribution of 3nn C atoms after applying different annealing conditions. We observed a homogeneous loss in 3nn C throughout the layer. Whereas in the kinematic modeling of high resolution X-ray diffraction spectra, a gradient in the substitutional C loss was observed close to the epitaxial layer/substrate interface. This gradient can be due to the out diffusion of C atoms into the Si substrate or to the formation of interstitial C clusters, which cannot be distinguished in HR-XRD. Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy indicated that the prominent out-diffusing species was interstitial CO complex while the interstitial C defects were also prevalent in the epi layer. (c) 2019 The Electrochemical Society.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000465069200001	Publication Date	2019-04-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2162-8769; 2162-8777	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	1.787	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.787
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:160399			Serial	5275
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vohra, A.; Makkonen, I.; Pourtois, G.; Slotte, J.; Porret, C.; Rosseel, E.; Khanam, A.; Tirrito, M.; Douhard, B.; Loo, R.; Vandervorst, W.
	Title	Source/drain materials for Ge nMOS devices: phosphorus activation in epitaxial Si, Ge, Ge_1-xSn_x and Si_yGe_1-x-ySn_x			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Ecs Journal Of Solid State Science And Technology	Abbreviated Journal	Ecs J Solid State Sc
	Volume	9	Issue	4	Pages	044010-44012
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	This paper benchmarks various epitaxial growth schemes based on n-type group-IV materials as viable source/drain candidates for Ge nMOS devices. Si:P grown at low temperature on Ge, gives an active carrier concentration as high as 3.5 x 10(20) cm(-3) and a contact resistivity down to 7.5 x 10(-9) Omega.cm(2). However, Si:P growth is highly defective due to large lattice mismatch between Si and Ge. Within the material stacks assessed, one option for Ge nMOS source/drain stressors would be to stack Si:P, deposited at contact level, on top of a selectively grown n-SiyGe1-x-ySnx at source/drain level, in line with the concept of Si passivation of n-Ge surfaces to achieve low contact resistivities as reported in literature (Martens et al. 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett., 98, 013 504). The saturation in active carrier concentration with increasing P (or As)-doping is the major bottleneck in achieving low contact resistivities for as-grown Ge or SiyGe1-x-ySnx. We focus on understanding various dopant deactivation mechanisms in P-doped Ge and Ge1-xSnx alloys. First principles simulation results suggest that P deactivation in Ge and Ge1-xSnx can be explained both by P-clustering and donor-vacancy complexes. Positron annihilation spectroscopy analysis, suggests that dopant deactivation in P-doped Ge and Ge1-xSnx is primarily due to the formation of P-n-V and SnmPn-V clusters. (C) 2020 The Author(s). Published on behalf of The Electrochemical Society by IOP Publishing Limited.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000531473500002	Publication Date	2020-04-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2162-8769; 2162-8777	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.2	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; The imec core CMOS program members, European Commission, the TAKEMI5 ECSEL project, local authorities and the imec pilot line are acknowledged for their support. Air Liquide Advanced Materials is acknowledged for providing advanced precursor gases. A. V. acknowledges his long stay abroad grant and a grant for participation in congress abroad from the Research Foundation-Flanders (Application No. V410518N and K159219N). I. M. acknowledges financial support from Academy of Finland (Project Nos. 285 809, 293 932 and 319 178). CSC-IT Center for Science, Finland is acknowledged for providing the computational resources. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.2; 2020 IF: 1.787
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:169502			Serial	6607
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	Author	Snoeckx, R.; Heijkers, S.; Van Wesenbeeck, K.; Lenaerts, S.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	CO₂conversion in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma: N₂in the mix as a helping hand or problematic impurity?			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Energy & environmental science	Abbreviated Journal	Energ Environ Sci
	Volume	9	Issue	9	Pages	999-1011
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Carbon dioxide conversion and utilization has gained significant interest over the years. A novel gas conversion technique with great potential in this area is plasma technology. A lot of research has already been performed, but mostly on pure gases. In reality, N2 will always be an important impurity in effluent gases. Therefore, we performed an extensive combined experimental and computational study on the effect of N2 in the range of 1–98% on CO2 splitting in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma. The presence of up to 50% N2 in the mixture barely influences the effective (or overall) CO2 conversion and energy efficiency, because the N2 metastable molecules enhance the absolute CO2 conversion, and this compensates for the lower CO2 fraction in the mixture. Higher N2 fractions, however, cause a drop in the CO2 conversion and energy efficiency. Moreover, in the entire CO2/N2 mixing ratio, several harmful compounds, i.e., N2O and NOx compounds, are produced in the range of several 100 ppm. The reaction pathways for the formation of these compounds are explained based on a kinetic analysis, which allows proposing solutions on how to prevent the formation of these harmful compounds.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000372243600030	Publication Date	2015-12-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1754-5692	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	29.518	Times cited	68	Open Access
	Notes	The authors acknowledge financial support from the IAP/7 (Inter-university Attraction Pole) program ‘PSI-Physical Chemistry of Plasma-Surface Interactions’, financially supported by the Belgian Federal Office for Science Policy (BELSPO), as well as the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO). This work was carried out in part using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the University of Antwerp.			Approved	Most recent IF: 29.518
	Call Number	c:irua:133169			Serial	4020
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	Author	Kertik, A.; Wee, L.H.; Pfannmöller, M.; Bals, S.; Martens, J.A.; Vankelecom, I.F.J.
	Title	Highly selective gas separation membrane using in situ amorphised metal-organic frameworks			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Energy & environmental science	Abbreviated Journal	Energ Environ Sci
	Volume	10	Issue	10	Pages	2342-2351
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Conventional carbon dioxide (CO2) separation in the petrochemical industry via cryogenic distillation is energy intensive and environmentally unfriendly. Alternatively, polymer membrane-based separations are of significant interest owing to low production cost, low-energy consumption and ease of upscaling. However, the implementation of commercial polymeric membranes is limited by their permeability and selectivity trade-off and the insufficient thermal and chemical stability. Herein, a novel type of amorphous mixed matrix membrane (MMM) able to separate CO2/CH4 mixtures with the highest selectivities ever reported for MOF based MMMs is presented. The MMM consists of an amorphised metal-organic framework (MOF) dispersed in an oxidatively cross-linked matrix achieved by fine tuning of the thermal treatment temperature in air up to 350 degrees C which drastically boosts the separation properties of the MMM. Thanks to the protection of the surrounding polymer, full oxidation of this MOF (i.e. ZIF-8) is prevented, and amorphisation of the MOF is realized instead, thus in situ creating a molecular sieve network. In addition, the treatment also improves the filler-polymer adhesion and induces an oxidative cross-linking of the polyimide matrix, resulting in MMMs with increased stability or plasticization resistance at high pressure up to 40 bar, marking a new milestone as new molecular sieve MOF MMMs for challenging natural gas purification applications. A new field for the use of amorphised MOFs and a variety of separation opportunities for such MMMs are thus opened.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000414774500007	Publication Date	2017-08-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1754-5692; 1754-5706	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	29.518	Times cited	122	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; A.K. acknowledges financial support from the Erasmus-Mundus Doctorate in Membrane Engineering (EUDIME) Programme. L.H.W. thanks the FWO-Vlaanderen for a postdoctoral research fellowship (12M1415N). M. P. acknowledges financial support by the FP7 European project SUNFLOWER (FP7 #287594). S. B. acknowledges financial support from European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant # 335078-COLOURATOMS). J. A. M. gratefully acknowledges financial supports from the Flemish Government for long-term Methusalem funding. J. A. M. and I. F. J. V. acknowledge the Belgian Government for IAP-PAI networking. A. K. would also like to thank Frank Mathijs for the mechanical tests, Roy Bernstein for the XPS analysis and Lien Telen and Bart Goderis for the DSC measurements. We thank Verder Scientific Benelux for providing the service of ZIF-8 ball milling. ; ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 29.518
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:147399UA @ admin @ c:irua:147399			Serial	4879
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	Author	Lizin, S.; Van Passel, S.; De Schepper, E.; Maes, W.; Lutsen, L.; Manca, J.; Vanderzande, D.
	Title	Life cycle analyses of organic photovoltaics : a review			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Energy & Environmental Science	Abbreviated Journal	Energ Environ Sci
	Volume	6	Issue	11	Pages	3136-3149
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM)
	Abstract	This paper reviews the available life cycle analysis (LCA) literature on organic photovoltaics (OPVs). This branch of OPV research has focused on the environmental impact of single-junction bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells using a P3HT/PC60BM active layer blend processed on semi-industrial pilot lines in ambient surroundings. The environmental impact was found to be strongly decreasing through continuous innovation of the manufacturing procedures. The current top performing cell regarding environmental performance has a cumulative energy demand of 37.58 MJp m(-2) and an energy payback time in the order of months for cells having 2% efficiency, thereby rendering OPV cells one of the best performing PV technologies from an environmental point of view. Nevertheless, we find that LCA literature is lagging behind on the main body of OPV literature due to the lack of readily available input data. Still, LCA research has led us to believe that in the quest for higher efficiencies, environmental sustainability is being disregarded on the materials' side. Hence, we advise the scientific community to take the progress made on environmental sustainability aspects of OPV preparations into account not only because standard procedures put a bigger strain on the environment, but also because these methods may not be transferrable to an industrial process. Consequently, we recommend policy makers to subsidize research that bridges the gaps between fundamental materials research, stability, and scalability given that these constraints have to be fulfilled simultaneously if OPVs are ever to be successful on the market. Additionally, environmental sustainability will have to keep on being monitored to steer future developments in the right direction.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000325946400002	Publication Date	2013-10-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1754-5692; 1754-5706	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	29.518	Times cited	124	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors are much obliged to both the INTERREG ORGAN-EXT project and FP7 MOLESOL project for their financial support, without which it would have been impossible to conduct this research. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 29.518; 2013 IF: 15.490
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127548			Serial	6223
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	Author	Van Hoecke, L.; Laffineur, L.; Campe, R.; Perreault, P.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Challenges in the use of hydrogen for maritime applications			Type	A1 Journal Article;Review article, Hydrogen Production, Hydrogen Storage, Maritime Applications
	Year	2021	Publication	Energy & Environmental Science	Abbreviated Journal	Energ Environ Sci
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article;Review article, Hydrogen Production, Hydrogen Storage, Maritime Applications; Sustainable energy, air and water technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Maritime shipping is a key factor that enables the global economy, however the pressure it exerts on the environment is increasing rapidly. In order to reduce the emissions of harmful greenhouse gasses, the search is on for alternative fuels for the maritime shipping industry. In this work the usefulness of hydrogen and hydrogen carriers is being investigated as a fuel for sea going ships. Due to the low volumetric energy density of hydrogen under standard conditions, the need for efficient storage of this fuel is high. Key processes in the use of hydrogen are discussed, starting with the production of hydrogen from fossil and renewable sources. The focus of this review is different storage methods, and in this work we discuss the storage of hydrogen at high pressure, in liquefied form at cryogenic temperatures and bound to liquid or solid-state carriers. In this work a theoretical introduction to different hydrogen storage methods precedes an analysis of the energy-efficiency and practical storage density of the carriers. In the final section the major challenges and hurdles for the development of hydrogen storage for the maritime industry are discussed. The most likely challenges will be the development of a new bunkering infrastructure and suitable monitoring of the safety to ensure safe operation of these hydrogen carriers on board the ship.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000621101100009	Publication Date	2021-01-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1754-5692	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	29.518	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	For the completion of this work we would like to thank, Compagnie Maritime Belge for initial funding 9 of the research into maritime hydrogen storage and the University of Antwerp for funding of the 10 Doctoral Project that allowed for the completion of this work.			Approved	Most recent IF: 29.518
	Call Number	DuEL @ duel @c:irua:174754			Serial	6668
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	Author	Rouwenhorst, K.H.R.; Jardali, F.; Bogaerts, A.; Lefferts, L.
	Title	From the Birkeland–Eyde process towards energy-efficient plasma-based NO_Xsynthesis: a techno-economic analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Energy & Environmental Science	Abbreviated Journal	Energ Environ Sci
	Volume	14	Issue	5	Pages	2520-2534
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Plasma-based NO<sub>X</sub>synthesis<italic>via</italic>the Birkeland–Eyde process was one of the first industrial nitrogen fixation methods. However, this technology never played a dominant role for nitrogen fixation, due to the invention of the Haber–Bosch process. Recently, nitrogen fixation by plasma technology has gained significant interest again, due to the emergence of low cost, renewable electricity. We first present a short historical background of plasma-based NO<sub>X</sub>synthesis. Thereafter, we discuss the reported performance for plasma-based NO<sub>X</sub>synthesis in various types of plasma reactors, along with the current understanding regarding the reaction mechanisms in the plasma phase, as well as on a catalytic surface. Finally, we benchmark the plasma-based NO<sub>X</sub>synthesis process with the electrolysis-based Haber–Bosch process combined with the Ostwald process, in terms of the investment cost and energy consumption. This analysis shows that the energy consumption for NO<sub>X</sub>synthesis with plasma technology is almost competitive with the commercial process with its current best value of 2.4 MJ mol N<sup>−1</sup>, which is required to decrease further to about 0.7 MJ mol N<sup>−1</sup>in order to become fully competitive. This may be accomplished through further plasma reactor optimization and effective plasma–catalyst coupling.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000639255800001	Publication Date	2021-03-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1754-5692	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	29.518	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	H2020 European Research Council; Horizon 2020, 810182 ; Ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat; This research was supported by the TKI-Energie from Toeslag voor Topconsortia voor Kennis en Innovatie (TKI) from the Ministry of Economic Aﬀairs and Climate Policy, the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project).			Approved	Most recent IF: 29.518
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:178173			Serial	6763
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	Author	Rouwenhorst, K.H.R.; Jardali, F.; Bogaerts, A.; Lefferts, L.
	Title	Correction: From the Birkeland–Eyde process towards energy-efficient plasma-based NO_Xsynthesis: a techno-economic analysis			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2023	Publication	Energy & Environmental Science	Abbreviated Journal	Energy Environ. Sci.
	Volume	16	Issue	12	Pages	6170-6173
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	Correction for ‘From the Birkeland–Eyde process towards energy-efficient plasma-based NO<sub><italic>X</italic></sub>synthesis: a techno-economic analysis’ by Kevin H. R. Rouwenhorst<italic>et al.</italic>,<italic>Energy Environ. Sci.</italic>, 2021,<bold>14</bold>, 2520–2534, https://doi.org/10.1039/D0EE03763J.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2023-11-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1754-5692	ISBN		Additional Links
	Impact Factor	32.5	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	H2020 European Research Council; Horizon 2020, 810182 ; Ministerie van Economische Zaken en Klimaat;			Approved	Most recent IF: 32.5; 2023 IF: 29.518
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @			Serial	8980
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	Author	Kardel, F.; Wuyts, K.; De Wael, K.; Samson, R.
	Title	Biomonitoring of atmospheric particulate pollution via chemical composition and magnetic properties of roadside tree leaves			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Environmental Science and Pollution Research	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Pollut R
	Volume	25	Issue	26	Pages	25994-26004
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Particulate matter (PM) is a main atmospheric pollution which threats human health and well-being. In this research, we chemically and magnetically analysed roadside tree leaves, collected from three tree species in two main roads (from two different cities) and a reference area, for 28 elements and the saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation. Comparison of unwashed and washed leaves revealed that deposited particles on the leaf surface contain various elements including Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Si, Ti, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Rb, V, Zn and Zr. Moreover, there was no significant difference between washed/unwashed leaves in Cl, K, P, S, As, Cd, Cs, Pb, Sn and Sr concentrations, which indicates tree leaves may not be a suitable biomonitor for these elements. Our results showed that site and tree species are important factors which affect atmospheric elements deposition. Among the three considered tree species, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana showed the highest potential for atmospheric particle accumulation. The PCA results revealed that Al, Fe, Ti, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Rb, Si, V, Zn and Zr indicated emissions from road traffic activities and soil dust; Ca, Mg and Na from sea salts and Mn and Sb from industrial activity. The biplot results showed that the site effect was much stronger than the species effect for all elements and saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation (SIRM) values. Moreover, elements from traffic, industrial activity and soil dust are significantly correlated with leaf SIRM indicating that leaf SIRM can be a suitable bioindicator of exposure to traffic-derived particles and soil dust, and not from sea salts. It is concluded that chemical composition and SIRM of urban tree leaves can serve as a good indicator of atmospheric PM pollution in Iran and anywhere else where the studied trees grow.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000443329100034	Publication Date	2018-07-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0944-1344; 1614-7499	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.741	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.741
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:153669			Serial	5489
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	Author	Anaf, W.; Horemans, B.; Madeira, T.I.; Carvalho, M.L.; De Wael, K.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Effects of a constructional intervention on airborne and deposited particulate matter in the Portuguese National Tile Museum, Lisbon			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Environmental Science and Pollution Research	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Pollut R
	Volume	20	Issue	3	Pages	1849-1857
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In the 1970s, a large ambulatory of the National Tile Museum, Lisbon, was closed with glass panes on both ground and first floor. Although this design was meant to protect the museum collection from ambient air pollutants, small openings between the glass panes remain, creating a semi-enclosed corridor. The effects of the glass panes on the indoor air quality were evaluated in a comparative study by monitoring the airborne particle concentration and the extent of particle deposition at the enclosed corridor as well as inside the museum building. Comparison of the indoor/outdoor ratio of airborne particle concentration demonstrated a high natural ventilation rate in the enclosed corridor as well as inside the museum building. PM10 deposition velocities on vertical surfaces were estimated in the order of 3 × 10−4 m s−1 for both indoor locations. Also, the deposition rates of dark-coloured and black particles in specific were very similar at both indoor locations, causing visual degradation. The effectiveness of the glass panes in protecting the museum collection is discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000315442500061	Publication Date	2012-07-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0944-1344; 1614-7499	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.741	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.741; 2013 IF: 2.757
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:100214			Serial	5583
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	Author	van Walsem, J.; Roegiers, J.; Modde, B.; Lenaerts, S.; Denys, S.
	Title	Integration of a photocatalytic multi-tube reactor for indoor air purification in HVAC systems : a feasibility study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Environmental Science and Pollution Research	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Pollut R
	Volume	25	Issue	18	Pages	18015-18026
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	This work is focused on an in-depth experimental characterization of multi-tube reactors for indoor air purification integrated in ventilation systems. Glass tubes were selected as an excellent photocatalyst substrate to meet the challenging requirements of the operating conditions in a ventilation system in which high flow rates are typical. Glass tubes show a low-pressure drop which reduces the energy demand of the ventilator, and additionally, they provide a large exposed surface area to allow interaction between indoor air contaminants and the photocatalyst. Furthermore, the performance of a range of P25-loaded sol-gel coatings was investigated, based on their adhesion properties and photocatalytic activities. Moreover, the UV light transmission and photocatalytic reactor performance under various operating conditions were studied. These results provide vital insights for the further development and scaling up of multi-tube reactors in ventilation systems which can provide a better comfort, improved air quality in indoor environments, and reduced human exposure to harmful pollutants.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000436879200071	Publication Date	2018-04-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0944-1344; 1614-7499	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.741	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	; J.V.W. acknowledges the Agentschap Innoveren and Ondernemen for a PhD fellowship. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.741
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:150946			Serial	5967
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	Author	Li, J.; Zhu, W.; Dong, H.; Yang, Z.; Zhang, P.; Qiang, Z.
	Title	Impact of carrier on ammonia and organics removal from zero-discharge marine recirculating aquaculture system with sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Environmental Science And Pollution Research	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Pollut R
	Volume	27	Issue	28	Pages	34614-34623
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Marine recirculating aquaculture system (MRAS) is an effective technology that provides sustainable farming of food fish globally. However, dissolved organics material (chemical oxygen demand, COD) and especially ammonia are produced from uneaten feed and metabolic wastes of fish. To purify the MRAS water, this study adopted a sequencing biofilm batch reactor (SBBR) and comparatively investigated the performances of four different carriers on ammonia and COD removal. Results indicated that the NH4+-N removal rates were 0.045 +/- 0.05, 0.065 +/- 0.008, 0.089 +/- 0.005, and 0.093 +/- 0.003 kg/(m(3)center dot d), and the COD removal rates were 0.019 +/- 0.010, 0.213 +/- 0.010, 0.255 +/- 0.015, and 0.322 +/- 0.010 kg/(m(3)center dot d) in the SBBRs packed with porous plastic, bamboo ring, maifan stone, and ceramsite carriers, respectively. Among the four carriers, ceramsite exhibited the best performance for both NH4+-N (80%) and COD (33%) removal after the SBBR reached the steady-state operation conditions. For all carriers studied, the NH4+-N removal kinetics could be well simulated by the first-order model, and the NH4+-N and COD removal rates were logarithmically correlated with the carrier's specific surface area. Due to its high ammonia removal, stable performance and easy operation, the ceramsite-packed SBBR is feasible for MRAS water treatment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000565020300005	Publication Date	2019-04-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0944-1344; 1614-7499	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.8	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.8; 2020 IF: 2.741
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:171932			Serial	6542
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	Author	Ravindra, K.; Dirtu, A.C.; Mor, S.; Wauters, E.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Source apportionment and seasonal variation in particulate PAHs levels at a coastal site in Belgium			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Environmental Science And Pollution Research	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Pollut R
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In the present study, estimation of the atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was done in particulate samples collected from De Haan, Belgium, during different seasons. The sampling site was situated very close to the north sea and far from the influence of local or industrial activities. The levels of PAHs depicted a distinct seasonal trend, being highest during the spring season. The observations of the study indicated a mean value of 2.6 ng m(-3) for concentration of all the 16 US EPA PAHs, thus being significantly lower when compared to results of previous studies focused on other sites. The dominating PAHs species reported were naphthalene, fluoranthene, benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, and indeno[1,2,3c,d] pyrene. Assessment of the seasonal variation of the PAH levels was also done with respect to diagnostic ratio-based source identification, analysis of back trajectories, and principle component analysis. Burning of fossil fuels was observed to be the prominent source of atmospheric PAHs in the study area. Further, lifetime cancer risk assessment was performed to assess the detrimental health impacts on humans on being exposed to atmospheric PAHs. Particulate PAHs present in the ambient air of Belgium shows no carcinogenic health impacts. However, considering the industrial expansion in the region, efforts are required to prevent the environmental contamination of PAHs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000516395800002	Publication Date	2020-02-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0944-1344; 1614-7499	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.8	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.8; 2020 IF: 2.741
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:167778			Serial	6606
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	Author	Van Hal, M.; Lenaerts, S.; Verbruggen, S.W.
	Title	Photocatalytic soot degradation under UV and visible light			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Environmental Science and Pollution Research	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Pollut R
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-11
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology
	Abstract	Particulate matter is one of the most persistent global air pollutants that is causing health problems, climate disturbance and building deterioration. A sustainable technique that is able to degrade soot using (sun)light is photocatalysis. Currently, research on photocatalytic soot oxidation focusses on large band gap TiO2-based photocatalysts and thus requires the use of UV light. It would prove useful if visible light, and thus a larger fraction of the (freely available) solar spectrum, could additionally be utilised to drive this process. In this work, a visible light-active photocatalyst, WO3, is benchmarked to TiO2 under both UV and visible light. At the same time, the versatility and drastic improvement of a recently introduced digital image-based soot degradation detection method are demonstrated. An additional step correcting for non-soot related catalyst colour changes is applied, resulting in accurate detection and quantification of soot degradation for all studied photocatalysts, even for materials such as WO3 that are inherently coloured. With this study, we aim to broaden the scope of photocatalytic soot oxidation technology to visible light-active photocatalyst. Along with this study, we provide a versatile soot degradation detection methodology based on digital image analysis that is made widely applicable.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000871854600010	Publication Date	2022-10-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0944-1344; 1614-7499	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.8	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 5.8
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:191275			Serial	7189
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	Author	Castanheiro, A.; Wuyts, K.; Hofman, J.; Nuyts, G.; De Wael, K.; Samson, R.
	Title	Morphological and elemental characterization of leaf-deposited particulate matter from different source types : a microscopic investigation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Environmental Science And Pollution Research	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Pollut R
	Volume	28	Issue	20	Pages	25716-25732
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Particulate matter (PM) deposition on urban green enables the collection of particulate pollution from a diversity of contexts, and insight into the physico-chemical profiles of PM is key for identifying main polluting sources. This study reports on the morphological and elemental characterization of PM2-10 deposited on ivy leaves from five different environments (forest, rural, roadside, train, industry) in the region of Antwerp, Belgium. Ca. 40,000 leaf-deposited particles were thoroughly investigated by particle-based analysis using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and their physico-chemical characteristics were explored for PM source apportionment purposes. The size distribution of all deposited particles was biased towards small-sized PM, with 32% of the particles smaller than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and median diameters of 2.80-3.09 mu m. The source type influenced both the particles' size and morphology (aspect ratio and shape), with roadside particles being overall the smallest in size and the most spherical. While forest and rural elemental profiles were associated with natural PM, the industry particles revealed the highest anthropogenic metal input. PM2-10 profiles for roadside and train sites were rather comparable and only distinguishable when evaluating the fine (2-2.5 mu m) and coarse (2.5-10 mu m) PM fractions separately, which enabled the identification of a larger contribution of combustion-derived particles (small, circular, Fe-enriched) at the roadside compared to the train. Random forest prediction model classified the source type correctly for 61-85% of the leaf-deposited PM. The still modest classification accuracy denotes the influence of regional background PM and demands for additional fingerprinting techniques to facilitate source apportionment. Nonetheless, the obtained results demonstrate the utility of leaf particle-based analysis to fingerprint and pinpoint source-specific PM, particularly when considering both the composition and size of leaf-deposited particles.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000609067300006	Publication Date	2021-01-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0944-1344; 1614-7499	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.741	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.741
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:176082			Serial	8282
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	Author	Van Tendeloo, L.; Wangermez, W.; Kurttepeli, M.; de Blochouse, B.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Martens, J.A.; Maes, A.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.; Breynaert, E.
	Title	Chabazite : stable cation-exchanger in hyper alkaline concrete pore water			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Environmental science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Technol
	Volume	49	Issue	49	Pages	2358-2365
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	To avoid impact on the environment, facilities for permanent disposal of hazardous waste adopt multibarrier design schemes. As the primary barrier very often consists of cement-based materials, two distinct aspects are essential for the selection of suitable complementary barriers: (1) selective sorption of the contaminants in the repository and (2) long-term chemical stability in hyperalkaline concrete-derived media. A multidisciplinary approach combining experimental strategies from environmental chemistry and materials science is therefore essential to provide a reliable assessment of potential candidate materials. Chabazite is typically synthesized in 1 M KOH solutions but also crystallizes in simulated young cement pore water, a pH 13 aqueous solution mainly containing K+ and Na+ cations. Its formation and stability in this medium was evaluated as a function of temperature (60 and 85 °C) over a timeframe of more than 2 years and was also asessed from a mechanistic point of view. Chabazite demonstrates excellent cation-exchange properties in simulated young cement pore water. Comparison of its Cs+ cation exchange properties at pH 8 and pH 13 unexpectedly demonstrated an increase of the KD with increasing pH. The combined results identify chabazite as a valid candidate for inclusion in engineered barriers for concrete-based waste disposal.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Easton, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000349806400047	Publication Date	2015-01-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936X;1520-5851;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.198	Times cited	13	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work was supported by long-term structural funding by the Flemish Government (Methusalem) and by ONDRAF/ NIRAS, the Belgian Agency for Radioactive Waste and Fissile Materials, as part of the program on surface disposal of Belgian Category A waste. The Belgian government is acknowledged for financing the interuniversity poles of attraction (IAP-PAI). G.V.T. and S.B. acknowledge financial support from European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant no. 24691-COUNTATOMS, ERC Starting Grant no. 335078-COLOURATOMS).; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.198; 2015 IF: 5.330
	Call Number	c:irua:127695			Serial	307
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	Author	Aerts, R.; Tu, X.; Van Gaens, W.; Whitehead, J.C.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Gas purification by nonthermal plasma : a case study of ethylene			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Environmental science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Technol
	Volume	47	Issue	12	Pages	6478-6485
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The destruction of ethylene in a dielectric barrier discharge plasma is investigated by the combination of kinetic modeling and experiments, as a case study for plasma-based gas purification. The influence of the specific energy deposition on the removal efficiency and the selectivity toward CO and CO2 is studied for different concentrations of ethylene. The model allows the identication of the destruction pathway in dry and humid air. The latter is found to be mainly initiated by metastable N2 molecules, but the further destruction steps are dominated by O atoms and OH radicals. Upon increasing air humidity, the removal efficiency drops by ±15% (from 85% to 70%), but the selectivity toward CO and CO2 stays more or less constant at 60% and 22%, respectively. Beside CO and CO2, we also identified acetylene, formaldehyde, and water as byproducts of the destruction process, with concentrations of 1606 ppm, 15033 ppm, and 185 ppm in humid air (with 20% RH), respectively. Finally, we investigated the byproducts generated by the humid air discharge itself, which are the greenhouse gases O3, N2O, and the toxic gas NO2.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Easton, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000320749000051	Publication Date	2013-05-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936X;1520-5851;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.198	Times cited	56	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.198; 2013 IF: 5.481
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108743			Serial	1319
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	Author	Horemans, B.; Van Holsbeke, C.; Vos, W.; Darchuk, L.; Novakovic, V.; Fontan, A.C.; de Backer, J.; van Grieken, R.; de Backer, W.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Particle deposition in airways of chronic respiratory patients exposed to an urban aerosol			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Environmental science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Technol
	Volume	46	Issue	21	Pages	12162-12169
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
	Abstract	Urban atmospheres in modern cities carry characteristic mixtures of particulate pollution which are potentially aggravating for chronic respiratory patients (CRP). Although air quality surveys can be detailed, the obtained information is not always useful to evaluate human health effects. This paper presents a novel approach to estimate particle deposition rates in airways of CRP, based on real air pollution data. By combining computational fluid dynamics with physical-chemical characteristics of particulate pollution, deposition rates are estimated for particles of different toxicological relevance, that is, minerals, iron oxides, sea salts, ammonium salts, and carbonaceous particles. Also, it enables some qualitative evaluation of the spatial, temporal, and patient specific effects on the particle dose upon exposure to the urban atmosphere. Results show how heavy traffic conditions increases the deposition of anthropogenic particles in the trachea and lungs of respiratory patients (here, +0.28 and +1.5 μg·h1, respectively). In addition, local and synoptic meteorological conditions were found to have a strong effect on the overall dose. However, the pathology and age of the patient was found to be more crucial, with highest deposition rates for toxic particles in adults with a mild anomaly, followed by mild asthmatic children and adults with severe respiratory dysfunctions (7, 5, and 3 μg·h1, respectively).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Easton, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000310665000082	Publication Date	2012-10-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936X;1520-5851;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.198	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; We are grateful for the financial support of n.v. Vooruitzicht. Furthermore, co-workers at the environmental analysis research group are acknowledged for their help in the fieldwork. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.198; 2012 IF: 5.257
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101411			Serial	2557
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	Author	Villani, K.; Vermandel, W.; Smets, K.; Liang, D.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Martens, J.A.
	Title	Platinum particle size and support effects in NO_x mediated carbon oxidation over platinum catalysts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Environmental science & technology	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Technol
	Volume	40	Issue	8	Pages	2727-2733
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Platinum metal was dispersed on microporous, mesoporous, and nonporous support materials including the zeolites Na-Y, Ba-Y, Ferrierite, ZSM-22, ETS-10, and AlPO-11, alumina, and titania. The oxidation of carbon black loosely mixed with catalyst powder was monitored gravimetrically in a gas stream containing nitric oxide, oxygen, and water. The carbon oxidation activity of the catalysts was found to be uniquely related to the Pt dispersion and little influenced by support type. The optimum dispersion is around 3-4% corresponding to relatively large Pt particle sizes of 2040 nm. The carbon oxidation activity reflects the NO oxidation activity of the platinum catalyst, which reaches an optimum in the 20-40 nm Pt particle size range. The lowest carbon oxidation temperatures were achieved with platinum loaded ZSM-22 and AlPO-11 zeolite crystallites bearing platinum of optimum dispersion on their external surfaces.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Easton, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000236992700038	Publication Date	2006-04-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936X;1520-5851;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.198	Times cited	29	Open Access
	Notes	Comet; Goa			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.198; 2006 IF: 4.040
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:103628			Serial	2651
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	Author	Denecke, M.A.; Janssens, K.; Proost, K.; Rothe, J.; Noseck, U.
	Title	Confocal micrometer-scale X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption fine structure studies of uranium speciation in a tertiary sediment from a waste disposal natural analogue site			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Environmental science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Technol
	Volume	39	Issue		Pages	2049-2058
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000228172600031	Publication Date	2005-03-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936x; 1520-5851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.198	Times cited	47	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.198; 2005 IF: 4.054
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:52232			Serial	5554
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	Author	Terzano, R.; Spagnuolo, M.; Medici, L.; Vekemans, B.; Vincze, L.; Janssens, K.; Ruggiero, P.
	Title	Copper stabilization by zeolite synthesis in polluted soils treated with coal fly ash			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Environmental science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Technol
	Volume	39	Issue	16	Pages	6280-6287
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	This study deals with the process of zeolite formation in an agricultural soil artificially polluted by high amounts of Cu (15 mg of Cu/g of soil dry weight) and treated with fused coal fly ash at 30 and 60 degrees C and how this process affects the mobility and availability of the metal. As a consequence of the treatment, the amount of dissolved Cu, and thus its mobility, was strongly reduced, and the percentage of the metal stabilized in the solid phase increased over time, reaching values of 30% at 30 degrees C and 40% at 60 degrees C. The physicochemical phenomena responsible for Cu stabilization in the solid phase have been evaluated by EDTA sequential extractions and synchrotron radiation based X-ray microanalytical techniques. These techniques were used for the visualization of the spatial distribution and the speciation of Cu in and/or on the neo-formed zeolite particles. In particular, micro XRF (X-ray fluorescence) tomography showed direct evidence that Cu can be entrapped as clusters inside the porous zeolitic structures while,mu-XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) spectroscopy determinations revealed Cu to be present mainly as Cu(II) hydroxide and Cu(II) oxide. The reported results could be useful as a basic knowledge for planning new technologies for the on site physicochemical stabilization of heavy metals in heavily polluted soils.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000231203100053	Publication Date	2005-08-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936x; 1520-5851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.198	Times cited	39	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.198; 2005 IF: 4.054
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:103658			Serial	5560
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