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	Author	Gómez-Graña, S.; Goris, B.; Altantzis, T.; Fernández-López, C.; Carbó-Argibay, E.; Guerrero-Martínez, A.; Almora-Barrios, N.; López, N.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.;
	Title	Au@Ag nanoparticles : halides stabilize {100} facets			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	The journal of physical chemistry letters	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys Chem Lett
	Volume	4	Issue	13	Pages	2209-2216
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Seed-mediated growth is the most efficient methodology to control the size and shape of colloidal metal nanoparticles. In this process, the final nanocrystal shape is defined by the crystalline structure of the initial seed as well as by the presence of ligands and other additives that help to stabilize certain crystallographic facets. We analyze here the growth mechanism in aqueous solution of silver shells on presynthesized gold nanoparticles displaying various well-defined crystalline structures and morphologies. A thorough three-dimensional electron microscopy characterization of the morphology and internal structure of the resulting core-shell nanocrystals indicates that {100} facets are preferred for the outer silver shell, regardless of the morphology and crystallinity of the gold cores. These results are in agreement with theoretical analysis based on the relative surface energies of the exposed facets in the presence of halide ions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Chemical Society	Place of Publication	Washington, D.C	Editor
	Language		Wos	000321809500018	Publication Date	2013-06-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1948-7185;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.353	Times cited	131	Open Access
	Notes	267867 Plasmaquo; 246791 COUNTATOMS; 262348 ESMI; FWO			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.353; 2013 IF: 6.687
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109811			Serial	204
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Mourdikoudis, S.; Chirea, M.; Altantzis, T.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Perez-Juste, J.; Silva, F.; Bals, S.; Liz-Marzan, L.M.
	Title	Dimethylformamide-mediated synthesis of water-soluble platinum nanodendrites for ethanol oxidation electrocatalysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	5	Issue	11	Pages	4776-4784
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Herein we describe the synthesis of water-soluble platinum nanodendrites in dimethylformamide (DMF), in the presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a stabilizing agent. The average size of the dendrites is in the range of 20-25 nm while their porosity can be tuned by modifying the concentration of the metal precursor. Electron tomography revealed different crystalline orientations of nanocrystallites in the nanodendrites and allowed a better understanding of their peculiar branching and porosity. The high surface area of the dendrites (up to 22 m(2) g(-1)) was confirmed by BET measurements, while X-ray diffraction confirmed the abundance of high-index facets in the face-centered-cubic crystal structure of Pt. The prepared nanodendrites exhibit excellent performance in the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol in alkaline solution. Sensing, selectivity, cycleability and great tolerance toward poisoning were demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry measurements.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000319008700028	Publication Date	2013-04-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364;2040-3372;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	50	Open Access
	Notes	Esf; 262348 Esmi			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367; 2013 IF: 6.739
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109060			Serial	705
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	Author	Ustarroz, J.; Hammons, J.A.; Altantzis, T.; Hubin, A.; Bals, S.; Terryn, H.
	Title	A generalized electrochemical aggregative growth mechanism			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Journal of the American Chemical Society	Abbreviated Journal	J Am Chem Soc
	Volume	135	Issue	31	Pages	11550-11561
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The early stages of nanocrystal nucleation and growth are still an active field of research and remain unrevealed. In this work, by the combination of aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical characterization of the electrodeposition of different metals, we provide a complete reformulation of the VolmerWeber 3D island growth mechanism, which has always been accepted to explain the early stages of metal electrodeposition and thin-film growth on low-energy substrates. We have developed a Generalized Electrochemical Aggregative Growth Mechanism which mimics the atomistic processes during the early stages of thin-film growth, by incorporating nanoclusters as building blocks. We discuss the influence of new processes such as nanocluster self-limiting growth, surface diffusion, aggregation, and coalescence on the growth mechanism and morphology of the resulting nanostructures. Self-limiting growth mechanisms hinder nanocluster growth and favor coalescence driven growth. The size of the primary nanoclusters is independent of the applied potential and deposition time. The balance between nucleation, nanocluster surface diffusion, and coalescence depends on the material and the overpotential, and influences strongly the morphology of the deposits. A small extent of coalescence leads to ultraporous dendritic structures, large surface coverage, and small particle size. Contrarily, full recrystallization leads to larger hemispherical monocrystalline islands and smaller particle density. The mechanism we propose represents a scientific breakthrough from the fundamental point of view and indicates that achieving the right balance between nucleation, self-limiting growth, cluster surface diffusion, and coalescence is essential and opens new, exciting possibilities to build up enhanced supported nanostructures using nanoclusters as building blocks.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000323019400034	Publication Date	2013-06-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0002-7863;1520-5126;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.858	Times cited	124	Open Access
	Notes	Fow; Hercules			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.858; 2013 IF: 11.444
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109453			Serial	1323
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	Author	Sánchez-Iglesias, A.; Grzelczak, M.; Altantzis, T.; Goris, B.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Donaldson, S.H.; Chmelka, B.F.; Israelachvili, J.N.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.;
	Title	Hydrophobic interactions modulate self-assembly of nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	6	Issue	12	Pages	11059-11065
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Hydrophobic interactions constitute one of the most important types of nonspecific interactions in biological systems, which emerge when water molecules rearrange as two hydrophobic species come close to each other. The prediction of hydrophobic interactions at the level of nanoparticles (Brownian objects) remains challenging because of uncontrolled diffusive motion of the particles. We describe here a general methodology for solvent-induced, reversible self-assembly of gold nanoparticles into 3D clusters with well-controlled sizes. A theoretical description of the process confirmed that hydrophobic interactions are the main driving force behind nanoparticle aggregation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000312563600070	Publication Date	2012-11-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	311	Open Access
	Notes	267867 Plasma Quo; 246791 Countatoms; 262348 Esmi			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2012 IF: 12.062
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:105292			Serial	1538
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	Author	Filippousi, M.; Altantzis, T.; Stefanou, G.; Betsiou, M.; Bikiaris, D.N.; Angelakeris, M.; Pavlidou, E.; Zamboulis, D.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Polyhedral iron oxide coreshell nanoparticles in a biodegradable polymeric matrix : preparation, characterization and application in magnetic particle hyperthermia and drug delivery			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	RSC advances	Abbreviated Journal	Rsc Adv
	Volume	3	Issue	46	Pages	24367-24377
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Polyhedral magnetic iron oxide nanocrystals with multiple facets have been embedded in biocompatible and biodegradable polymeric matrices in order to study their structural, magnetic features and alternating-current (AC) magnetic heating efficiency. The encapsulation of iron oxide nanoparticles into a polymer matrix was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and further corroborated by high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). HAADF-STEM tomography proved that the iron oxide nanocrystals consist of well-defined polyhedral structures with multiple facets. The magnetic features were found to be in good agreement with the structural and morphological features and are maintained even after encapsulation. Furthermore, the magnetic nanoparticles inside these matrices may be considered as good candidates for biomedical applications in hyperthermia treatments because of their high heating capacity exhibited under an alternating magnetic field. The anticancer Taxol drug was encapsulated in these nanoparticles and its physical state and release rate at 37 and 42 °C was studied.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000326745100068	Publication Date	2013-10-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2046-2069;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.108	Times cited	19	Open Access
	Notes	Countatoms; IAP			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.108; 2013 IF: 3.708
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:111395			Serial	2671
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	Author	Altantzis, T.; Goris, B.; Sánchez-Iglesias, A.; Grzelczak, M.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Bals, S.
	Title	Quantitative structure determination of large three-dimensional nanoparticle assemblies			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Particle and particle systems characterization	Abbreviated Journal	Part Part Syst Char
	Volume	30	Issue	1	Pages	84-88
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Thumbnail image of graphical abstract To investigate nanoassemblies in three dimensions, electron tomography is an important tool. For large nanoassemblies, it is not straightforward to obtain quantitative results in three dimensions. An optimized acquisition technique, incoherent bright field scanning transmission electron microscopy, is combined with an advanced 3D reconstruction algorithm. The approach is applied to quantitatively analyze large nanoassemblies in three dimensions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000310806000008	Publication Date	2012-11-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0934-0866;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.474	Times cited	23	Open Access
	Notes	Goa; Fwo; 267867 Plasmaquo; 262348 Esmi			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.474; 2013 IF: 0.537
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101776			Serial	2763
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	Author	Ustarroz, J.; Altantzis, T.; Hammons, J.A.; Hubin, A.; Bals, S.; Terryn, H.
	Title	The role of nanocluster aggregation, coalescence, and recrystallization in the electrochemical deposition of platinum nanostructures			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Mater
	Volume	26	Issue	7	Pages	2396-2406
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	By using an optimized characterization approach that combines aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, electron tomography, and in situ ultrasmall angle X-ray scattering (USAXS), we show that the early stages of Pt electrochemical growth on carbon substrates may be affected by the aggregation, self-alignment, and partial coalescence of nanoclusters of d ≈ 2 nm. The morphology of the resulting nanostructures depends on the degree of coalescence and recrystallization of nanocluster aggregates, which in turn depends on the electrodeposition potential. At low overpotentials, a self-limiting growth mechanism may block the epitaxial growth of primary nanoclusters and results in loose dendritic aggregates. At more negative potentials, the extent of nanocluster coalescence and recrystallization is larger and further growth by atomic incorporation may be allowed. On one hand, this suggests a revision of the VolmerWeber island growth mechanism. Whereas this theory has traditionally assumed direct attachment as the only growth mechanism, it is suggested that nanocluster self-limiting growth, aggregation, and coalescence should also be taken into account during the early stages of nanoscale electrodeposition. On the other hand, depending on the deposition potential, ultrahigh porosities can be achieved, turning electrodeposition in an ideal process for highly active electrocatalyst production without the need of using high surface area carbon supports.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000334572300026	Publication Date	2014-03-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0897-4756;1520-5002;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.466	Times cited	55	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	FWO; contract no. FWOAL527			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.466; 2014 IF: 8.354
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:116956			Serial	2916
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	Author	Altantzis, T.
	Title	Three-dimensional characterization of atomic clusters, nanoparticles and their assemblies by advanced transmission electron microscopy			Type	Doctoral thesis
	Year	2015	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Antwerpen	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:130493			Serial	4265
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	Author	Gonzalez-Rubio, G.; Kumar, V.; Llombart, P.; Diaz-Nunez, P.; Bladt, E.; Altantzis, T.; Bals, S.; Pena-Rodriguez, O.; Noya, E.G.; MacDowell, L.G.; Guerrero-Martinez, A.; Liz-Marzan, L.M.
	Title	Disconnecting Symmetry Breaking from Seeded Growth for the Reproducible Synthesis of High Quality Gold Nanorods			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	13	Issue	13	Pages	4424-4435
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	One of the major difficulties hindering the widespread application of colloidal anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles is the limited robustness and reproducibility of multistep synthetic methods. We demonstrate herein that the reproducibility and reliability of colloidal gold nanorod (AuNR) synthesis can be greatly improved by disconnecting the symmetry-breaking event from the seeded growth process. We have used a modified silver-assisted seeded growth method in the presence of the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and n-decanol as a co-surfactant to prepare small AuNRs in high yield, which were then used as seeds for the growth of high quality AuNR colloids. Whereas the use of n-decanol provides a more-rigid micellar system, the growth on anisotropic seeds avoids sources of irreproducibility during the symmetry breaking step, yielding uniform AuNR colloids with narrow plasmon bands, ranging from 600 to 1270 nm, and allowing the fine-tuning of the final dimensions. This method provides a robust route for the preparation of high quality AuNR colloids with tunable morphology, size, and optical response in a reproducible and scalable manner.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000466052900067	Publication Date	2019-04-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	100	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; This work has been funded by the Spanish MINECO (grant nos. FIS2017-89361-C3-2-P and MAT2017-86659-R), the Madrid Regional Government (grant no. P2018/NMT-4389) and the Complutense University of Madrid (grant no. PR75/18-21616). Funding is acknowledged from the European Commission (grant no. EUSMI 731019). G.G.-R. acknowledges receipt of FPI Fellowship from the Spanish MINECO. E.B. and T.A. acknowledge postdoctoral grants from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). The authors are indebted to Profs. Justin Gooding, Watson Loh, Nicholas Kotov, Deqing Zhang, Mihaela Delcea, Maurizio Prato, and Krishna Ganesh, for providing milli-Q water samples. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:160417			Serial	5246
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	Author	Choukroun, D.; Daems, N.; Kenis, T.; Van Everbroeck, T.; Hereijgers, J.; Altantzis, T.; Bals, S.; Cool, P.; Breugelmans, T.
	Title	Bifunctional nickel-nitrogen-doped-carbon-supported copper electrocatalyst for CO₂ reduction			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Journal Of Physical Chemistry C	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys Chem C
	Volume	124	Issue	124	Pages	1369-1381
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	Bifunctionality is a key feature of many industrial catalysts, supported metal clusters and particles in particular, and the development of such catalysts for the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to hydrocarbons and alcohols is gaining traction in light of recent advancements in the field. Carbon-supported Cu nanoparticles are suitable candidates for integration in the state-of-the-art reaction interfaces, and here, we propose, synthesize, and evaluate a bifunctional Ni–N-doped-C-supported Cu electrocatalyst, in which the support possesses active sites for selective CO2 conversion to CO and Cu nanoparticles catalyze either the direct CO2 or CO reduction to hydrocarbons. In this work, we introduce the scientific rationale behind the concept, its applicability, and the challenges with regard to the catalyst. From the practical aspect, the deposition of Cu nanoparticles onto carbon black and Ni–N–C supports via an ammonia-driven deposition precipitation method is reported and explored in more detail using X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) give further evidence of the presence of Cu-containing nanoparticles on the Ni–N–C supports while revealing an additional relationship between the nanoparticle’s composition and the electrode’s electrocatalytic performance. Compared to the benchmark carbon black-supported Cu catalysts, Ni–N–C-supported Cu delivers up to a 2-fold increase in the partial C2H4 current density at −1.05 VRHE (C1/C2 = 0.67) and a concomitant 10-fold increase of the CO partial current density. The enhanced ethylene production metrics, obtained by virtue of the higher intrinsic activity of the Ni–N–C support, point out toward a synergistic action between the two catalytic functionalities.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000508467700015	Publication Date	2020-01-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1932-7447; 1932-7455	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.7	Times cited	24	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; N.D. acknowledges sponsoring from the research foundation of Flanders (FWO) in the frame of a postdoctoral grant (12Y3919N N.D.). J.H. greatly acknowledges the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) for support through a postdoctoral fellowship (28761). T.V.E. and P.C. acknowledge financial support from the EU-Partial-PGMs project (H2020NMP-686086). The authors also acknowledge financial support from the university research fund (BOF-GOA PS ID No. 33928). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.7; 2020 IF: 4.536
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:165326			Serial	6286
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	Author	Yang, S.; An, H.; Anastasiadou, D.; Xu, W.; Wu, L.; Wang, H.; de Ruiter, J.; Arnouts, S.; Figueiredo, M.C.; Bals, S.; Altantzis, T.; van der Stam, W.; Weckhuysen, B.M.
	Title	Waste-derived copper-lead electrocatalysts for CO₂ reduction			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	ChemCatChem	Abbreviated Journal	Chemcatchem
	Volume	14	Issue	18	Pages	e202200754-11
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	It remains a real challenge to control the selectivity of the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (eCO(2)R) reaction to valuable chemicals and fuels. Most of the electrocatalysts are made of non-renewable metal resources, which hampers their large-scale implementation. Here, we report the preparation of bimetallic copper-lead (CuPb) electrocatalysts from industrial metallurgical waste. The metal ions were extracted from the metallurgical waste through simple chemical treatment with ammonium chloride, and CuxPby electrocatalysts with tunable compositions were fabricated through electrodeposition at varying cathodic potentials. X-ray spectroscopy techniques showed that the pristine electrocatalysts consist of Cu-0, Cu1+ and Pb2+ domains, and no evidence for alloy formation was found. We found a volcano-shape relationship between eCO(2)R selectivity toward two electron products, such as CO, and the elemental ratio of Cu and Pb. A maximum Faradaic efficiency towards CO was found for Cu9.00Pb1.00, which was four times higher than that of pure Cu, under the same electrocatalytic conditions. In situ Raman spectroscopy revealed that the optimal amount of Pb effectively improved the reducibility of the pristine Cu1+ and Pb2+ domains to metallic Cu and Pb, which boosted the selectivity towards CO by synergistic effects. This work provides a framework of thinking to design and tune the selectivity of bimetallic electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction through valorization of metallurgical waste.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000853941300001	Publication Date	2022-06-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1867-3880; 1867-3899	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.5	Times cited	7	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	S.Y and B.M.W. acknowledge support from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020 (SOCRATES-721385; project website: http://etn-socrates.eu/). W.v.d.S., M.C.F. and B.M.W. acknowledge support from the Strategic UU-TU/e Alliance project 'Joint Centre for Chemergy Research'. S.B. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator Grant #815128 REALNANO). S.A. and T.A. acknowledge funding from the University of Antwerp Research fund (BOF). The Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (1W1B, BSRF) is acknowledged for the beamtime. We are grateful to Annelies van der Bok and Bas Salzmann (Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Utrecht University, UU) for the support with the ICP-OES measurements. The authors thank dr. Robin Geitenbeek, Nikos Nikolopoulos, Ioannis Nikolopoulos, Jochem Wijten and Joris Janssens (Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, UU) for helpful discussions and technical support. The authors also thank Yuang Piao (Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, UU) for the help in the preparation of the figures of the article.			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.5
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:190703			Serial	7226
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	Author	Yang, S.; Liu, Z.; An, H.; Arnouts, S.; de Ruiter, J.; Rollier, F.; Bals, S.; Altantzis, T.; Figueiredo, M.C.; Filot, I.A.W.; Hensen, E.J.M.; Weckhuysen, B.M.; van der Stam, W.
	Title	Near-unity electrochemical CO₂ to CO conversion over Sn-doped copper oxide nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	ACS catalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Catal
	Volume	12	Issue	24	Pages	15146-15156
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	Bimetallic electrocatalysts have emerged as a viable strategy to tune the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) for the selective production of valuable base chemicals and fuels. However, obtaining high product selectivity and catalyst stability remain challenging, which hinders the practical application of eCO2RR. In this work, it was found that a small doping concentration of tin (Sn) in copper oxide (CuO) has profound influence on the catalytic performance, boosting the Faradaic efficiency (FE) up to 98% for carbon monoxide (CO) at -0.75 V versus RHE, with prolonged stable performance (FE > 90%) for up to 15 h. Through a combination of ex situ and in situ characterization techniques, the in situ activation and reaction mechanism of the electrocatalyst at work was elucidated. In situ Raman spectroscopy measurements revealed that the binding energy of the crucial adsorbed *CO intermediate was lowered through Sn doping, thereby favoring gaseous CO desorption. This observation was confirmed by density functional theory, which further indicated that hydrogen adsorption and subsequent hydrogen evolution were hampered on the Sn-doped electrocatalysts, resulting in boosted CO formation. It was found that the pristine electrocatalysts consisted of CuO nanoparticles decorated with SnO2 domains, as characterized by ex situ high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. These pristine nanoparticles were subsequently in situ converted into a catalytically active bimetallic Sn-doped Cu phase. Our work sheds light on the intimate relationship between the bimetallic structure and catalytic behavior, resulting in stable and selective oxide-derived Sn-doped Cu electrocatalysts.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000900052400001	Publication Date	2022-11-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2155-5435	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.9	Times cited	16	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	B.M.W., S.Y., M.C.F., E.J.M.H., and W.v.d.S. acknowledge support from the Strategic UU-TU/e Alliance project ?Joint Centre for Chemergy Research?. S.B. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator grant #815128 REALNANO) . Z.L. acknowledges financial support of the China Scholarship Council and the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research for access to computa-tional resources for carrying out the DFT calculations reported in this work. S.A. and T.A. acknowledge funding from theUniversity of Antwerp Research fund (BOF) . The authors also thank Dr. Jochem Wijten and Joris Janssens (Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Utrecht University) for helpful technical support. Sander Deelen (Faculty of Science, Utrecht University) is acknowledged for the design of the in situ XRD cell.			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.9
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:192742			Serial	7325
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	Author	Yang, S.; An, H.; Arnouts, S.; Wang, H.; Yu, X.; de Ruiter, J.; Bals, S.; Altantzis, T.; Weckhuysen, B.M.; van der Stam, W.
	Title	Halide-guided active site exposure in bismuth electrocatalysts for selective CO₂ conversion into formic acid			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Nature Catalysis	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	9	Pages	796-806
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	It remains a challenge to identify the active sites of bismuth catalysts in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. Here we show through in situ characterization that the activation of bismuth oxyhalide electrocatalysts to metallic bismuth is guided by the halides. In situ X-ray diffraction results show that bromide promotes the selective exposure of planar bismuth surfaces, whereas chloride and iodide result in more disordered active sites. Furthermore, we find that bromide-activated bismuth catalysts outperform the chloride and iodide counterparts, achieving high current density (>100 mA cm(-2)) and formic acid selectivity (>90%), suggesting that planar bismuth surfaces are more active for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction. In addition, in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements reveal that the reconstruction proceeds rapidly in chloride-activated bismuth and gradually when bromide is present, facilitating the formation of ordered planar surfaces. These findings show the pivotal role of halogens on selective facet exposure in activated bismuth-based electrocatalysts during the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001050367400001	Publication Date	2023-08-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2520-1158	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	37.8	Times cited	13	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	B.M.W. acknowledges support from the Strategic UU-TU/e Alliance project 'Joint Centre for Chemergy Research' as well as from the Netherlands Center for Multiscale Catalytic Energy Conversion (MCEC), an NWO gravitation programme funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture and Science of the government of the Netherlands. S.B. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator Grant #815128 REALNANO). S.A. and T.A. acknowledge funding from the University of Antwerp Research fund (BOF). We also thank J. Wijten, J. Janssens and T. Prins (all from the Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Utrecht University) for helpful technical support. S. Deelen (Faculty of Science, Utrecht University) and L. Wu (Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis group, Utrecht University) are acknowledged for the design of the in situ XRD cell. We also acknowledge B. Detlefs, P. Glatzel and V. Paidi (ESRF) for the support during the HERFD-XANES measurements on the ID26 beamline of the ESRF.			Approved	Most recent IF: 37.8; 2023 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:199190			Serial	8877
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	Author	Monai, M.; Jenkinson, K.; Melcherts, A.E.M.; Louwen, J.N.; Irmak, E.A.; Van Aert, S.; Altantzis, T.; Vogt, C.; van der Stam, W.; Duchon, T.; Smid, B.; Groeneveld, E.; Berben, P.; Bals, S.; Weckhuysen, B.M.
	Title	Restructuring of titanium oxide overlayers over nickel nanoparticles during catalysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	380	Issue	6645	Pages	644-651
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	Reducible supports can affect the performance of metal catalysts by the formation of suboxide overlayers upon reduction, a process referred to as the strong metal-support interaction (SMSI). A combination of operando electron microscopy and vibrational spectroscopy revealed that thin TiOx overlayers formed on nickel/titanium dioxide catalysts during 400 degrees C reduction were completely removed under carbon dioxide hydrogenation conditions. Conversely, after 600 degrees C reduction, exposure to carbon dioxide hydrogenation reaction conditions led to only partial reexposure of nickel, forming interfacial sites in contact with TiOx and favoring carbon-carbon coupling by providing a carbon species reservoir. Our findings challenge the conventional understanding of SMSIs and call for more-detailed operando investigations of nanocatalysts at the single-particle level to revisit static models of structure-activity relationships.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000999020900010	Publication Date	2023-05-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8075; 1095-9203	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	56.9	Times cited	29	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	This work was supported by BASF and NWO CHIPP (research grant to B.M.W.); the MCEC NWO Gravitation Program (B.M.W.); the ARC-CBBC NWO Program (B.M.W.); the European Research Council (grant 770887 PICOMETRICS to S.V.A.); and the European Research Council (grant 815128 REALNANO to S.B.).			Approved	Most recent IF: 56.9; 2023 IF: 37.205
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:197432			Serial	8923
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	Author	Lentijo-Mozo, S.; Tan, R.P.; Garcia-Marcelot, C.; Altantzis, T.; Fazzini, P.F.; Hungria, T.; Cormary, B.; Gallagher, J.R.; Miller, J.T.; Martinez, H.; Schrittwieser, S.; Schotter, J.; Respaud, M.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Gatel, C.; Soulantica, K.
	Title	Air- and water-resistant noble metal coated ferromagnetic cobalt nanorods			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	9	Issue	9	Pages	2792-2804
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Cobalt nanorods possess ideal magnetic properties for applications requiring magnetically hard nanoparticles. However, their exploitation is undermined by their sensitivity toward oxygen and water, which deteriorates their magnetic properties. The development of a continuous metal shell inert to oxidation could render them stable, opening perspectives not only for already identified applications but also for uses in which contact with air and/or aqueous media is inevitable. However, the direct growth of a conformal noble metal shell on magnetic metals is a challenge. Here, we show that prior treatment of Co nanorods with a tin coordination compound is the crucial step that enables the subsequent growth of a continuous noble metal shell on their surface, rendering them air- and water-resistant, while conserving the monocrystallity, metallicity and the magnetic properties of the Co core. Thus, the as-synthesized coreshell ferromagnetic nanorods combine high magnetization and strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, even after exposure to air and water, and hold promise for successful implementation in in vitro biodiagnostics requiring probes of high magnetization and anisotropic shape.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000351791800055	Publication Date	2015-03-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	25	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	312483 Esteem2; 246791 Countatoms; 335078 Colouratom; esteem2ta; ECASSara; (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2015 IF: 12.881
	Call Number	c:irua:125380 c:irua:125380			Serial	87
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	Author	Liakakos, N.; Gatel, C.; Blon, T.; Altantzis, T.; Lentijo-Mozo, S.; Garcia-Marcelot, C.; Lacroix, L.M.; Respaud, M.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Soulantica, K.
	Title	CoFe nanodumbbells : synthesis, structure, and magnetic properties			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Nano letters	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett
	Volume	14	Issue	5	Pages	2747-2754
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We report the solution phase synthesis, the structural analysis, and the magnetic properties of hybrid nanostructures combining two magnetic metals. These nano-objects are characterized by a remarkable shape, combining Fe nanocubes on Co nanorods. The topological composition, the orientation relationship, and the growth steps have been studied by advanced electron microscopy techniques, such as HRTEM, electron tomography, and state-of-the-art 3-dimensional elemental mapping by EDX tomography. The soft iron nanocubes behave as easy nucleation centers that induce the magnetization reversal of the entire nanohybrid, leading to a drastic modification of the overall effective magnetic anisotropy.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington	Editor
	Language		Wos	000336074800080	Publication Date	2014-04-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1530-6984;1530-6992;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.712	Times cited	27	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors thank the ANR for the project “Batmag”, the French national project EMMA (ANR12 BS10 013 01), the European Commission for the FP7 NAMDIATREAM project (EU NMP4-LA-2010-246479), and the METSA network for the HRTEM. This has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 312483-ESTEEM2 (Integrated Infrastructure Initiative- I3). It was also supported by Programme Investissements d’Avenir under the program ANR-11-IDEX-0002-02, reference ANR-10-LABX-0037-NEXT. The authors acknowledge financial support from European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant # 24691-COUNTATOMS and ERC Starting Grant # 335078-COLOURATOMS).; esteem2ta; ECASSara; (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.712; 2014 IF: 13.592
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:116953			Serial	377
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	Author	Lin, F.; Meng; Kukueva, E.; Altantzis, T.; Mertens, M.; Bals, S.; Cool, P.; Van Doorslaer, S.
	Title	Direct-synthesis method towards copper-containing periodic mesoporous organosilicas : detailed investigation of the copper distribution in the material			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Journal of the Chemical Society : Dalton transactions	Abbreviated Journal	Dalton T
	Volume	44	Issue	44	Pages	9970-9979
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	Three-dimensional cubic Fm (3) over barm mesoporous copper-containing ethane-bridged PMO materials have been prepared through a direct-synthesis method at room temperature in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as surfactant. The obtained materials have been unambiguously characterized in detail by several sophisticated techniques, including XRD, UV-Vis-Dr, TEM, elemental mapping, continuous- wave and pulsed EPR spectroscopy. The results show that at lower copper loading, the Cu2+ species are well dispersed in the Cu-PMO materials, and mainly exist as mononuclear Cu2+ species. At higher copper loading amount, Cu2+ clusters are observed in the materials, but the distribution of the Cu2+ species is still much better in the Cu-PMO materials prepared through the direct-synthesis method than in a Cu-containing PMO material prepared through an impregnation method. Moreover, the evolution of the copper incorporation during the PMO synthesis has been followed by EPR. The results show that the immobilization of the Cu2+ ion/complex and the formation of the PMO materials are taking place simultaneously. The copper ions are found to be situated on the inner surface of the mesopores of the materials and are accessible, which will be beneficial for the catalytic applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000355000700028	Publication Date	2015-04-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1477-9226;1477-9234;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.029	Times cited	11	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Goa-Bof; 335078 Colouratom; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.029; 2015 IF: 4.197
	Call Number	c:irua:126422			Serial	725
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	Author	Breynaert, E.; Emmerich, J.; Mustafa, D.; Bajpe, S.R.; Altantzis, T.; Van Havenbergh, K.; Taulelle, F.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.; Martens, J.A.;
	Title	Enhanced self-assembly of metal oxides and metal-organic frameworks from precursors with magnetohydrodynamically induced long-lived collective spin states			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Advanced materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Mater
	Volume	26	Issue	30	Pages	5173-5178
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Magneto-hydrodynamic generation of long-lived collective spin states and their impact on crystal morphology is demonstrated for three different, technologically relevant materials: COK-16 metal organic framework, manganese oxide nanotubes, and vanadium oxide nano-scrolls.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000340546300015	Publication Date	2014-06-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0935-9648;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	19.791	Times cited	7	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	IAP-PAI; Marie Curie IEF; 262348 ESMI; 335078 COLOURATOM; 246791 COUNTATOMS; IWT; Methusalem; FWO; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 19.791; 2014 IF: 17.493
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:118827			Serial	1053
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	Author	Mourdikoudis, S.; Chirea, M.; Zanaga, D.; Altantzis, T.; Mitrakas, M.; Bals, S.; Marzán, L.M.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.
	Title	Governing the morphology of PtAu heteronanocrystals with improved electrocatalytic performance			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	7	Issue	7	Pages	8739-8747
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Platinumgold heteronanostructures comprising either dimer (PtAu) or coresatellite (Pt@Au) configurations were synthesized by means of a seeded growth procedure using platinum nanodendrites as seeds. Careful control of the reduction kinetics of the gold precursor can be used to direct the nucleation and growth of gold nanoparticles on either one or multiple surface sites simultaneously, leading to the formation of either dimers or coresatellite nanoparticles, respectively, in high yields. Characterization by electron tomography and high resolution electron microscopy provided a better understanding of the actual three-dimensional particle morphology, as well as the AuPt interface, revealing quasi-epitaxial growth of Au on Pt. The prepared PtAu bimetallic nanostructures are highly efficient catalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline solution, showing accurate selectivity, high sensitivity, and improved efficiency by generating higher current densities than their monometallic counterparts.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000354204400011	Publication Date	2015-03-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364;2040-3372;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	41	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	335078 Colouratom; 262348 Esmi; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367; 2015 IF: 7.394
	Call Number	c:irua:126354			Serial	1360
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	Author	Boneschanscher, M.P.; Evers, W.H.; Geuchies, J.J.; Altantzis, T.; Goris, B.; Rabouw, F.T.; van Rossum, S.A.P.; van der Zant, H.S.J.; Siebbeles, L.D.A.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Swart, I.; Hilhorst, J.; Petukhov, A.V.; Bals, S.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.;
	Title	Long-range orientation and atomic attachment of nanocrystals in 2D honeycomb superlattices			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	344	Issue	6190	Pages	1377-1380
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Oriented attachment of synthetic semiconductor nanocrystals is emerging as a route for obtaining new semiconductors that can have Dirac-type electronic bands like graphene, but also strong spin-orbit coupling. The two-dimensional assembly geometry will require both atomic coherence and long-range periodicity of the superlattices. We show how the interfacial self-assembly and oriented attachment of nanocrystals results in two-dimensional (2D) metal chalcogenide semiconductors with a honeycomb superlattice. We present an extensive atomic and nanoscale characterization of these systems using direct imaging and wave scattering methods. The honeycomb superlattices are atomically coherent, and have an octahedral symmetry that is buckled; the nanocrystals occupy two parallel planes. Considerable necking and large-scale atomic motion occurred during the attachment process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000337531700035	Publication Date	2014-05-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8075;1095-9203;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	37.205	Times cited	304	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fwo; 262348 Esmi; 246791 Countatoms; 335078 Colouratom; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 37.205; 2014 IF: 33.611
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117095			Serial	1840
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	Author	Rodríguez-Fernández, D.; Altantzis, T.; Heidari, H.; Bals, S.; Liz-Marzan, L.M.
	Title	A protecting group approach toward synthesis of Au-silica Janus nanostars			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Chemical communications	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Commun
	Volume	50	Issue	1	Pages	79-81
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The concept of protecting groups, widely used in organic chemistry, has been applied for the synthesis of Au-silica Janus stars, in which gold branches protrude from one half of Au-silica Janus spheres. This configuration opens up new possibilities to apply the plasmonic properties of gold nanostars, as well as a variety of chemical functionalizations on the silica component.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000327606000017	Publication Date	2013-10-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1359-7345;1364-548X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.319	Times cited	26	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	262348 Esmi; 335078 Colouratom; 267867 Plasmaquo; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.319; 2014 IF: 6.834
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:112774			Serial	2732
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	Author	Bals, S.; Goris, B.; Altantzis, T.; Heidari, H.; Van Aert, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Seeing and measuring in 3D with electrons			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Comptes rendus : physique	Abbreviated Journal	Cr Phys
	Volume	15	Issue	2-3	Pages	140-150
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Modern TEM enables the investigation of nanostructures at the atomic scale. However, TEM images are only two-dimensional (2D) projections of a three-dimensional (3D) object. Electron tomography can overcome this limitation. The technique is increasingly focused towards quantitative measurements and reaching atomic resolution in 3D has been the ultimate goal for many years. Therefore, one needs to optimize the acquisition of the data, the 3D reconstruction techniques as well as the quantification methods. Here, we will review a broad range of methodologies and examples. Finally, we will provide an outlook and will describe future challenges in the field of electron tomography.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Paris	Editor
	Language		Wos	000334013600005	Publication Date	2014-01-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1631-0705;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.048	Times cited	15	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	(FWO;Belgium); European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7); ERC grant No.246791 – COUNTATOMS; ERC grant No.335078 – COLOURATOMS; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.048; 2014 IF: 2.035
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:113855			Serial	2960
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Galván-Moya, J.E.; Altantzis, T.; Nelissen, K.; Peeters, F.M.; Grzelczak, M.; Liz-Marán, L.M.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Self-organization of highly symmetric nanoassemblies : a matter of competition			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	8	Issue	4	Pages	3869-3875
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	The properties and applications of metallic nanoparticles are inseparably connected not only to their detailed morphology and composition but also to their structural configuration and mutual interactions. As a result, the assemblies often have superior properties as compared to individual nanoparticles. Although it has been reported that nanoparticles can form highly symmetric clusters, if the configuration can be predicted as a function of the synthesis parameters, more targeted and accurate synthesis will be possible. We present here a theoretical model that accurately predicts the structure and configuration of self-assembled gold nanoclusters. The validity of the model is verified using quantitative experimental data extracted from electron tomography 3D reconstructions of different assemblies. The present theoretical model is generic and can in principle be used for different types of nanoparticles, providing a very wide window of potential applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000334990600084	Publication Date	2014-03-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	34	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	FWO; Methusalem; 246791 COUNTATOMS; 335078 COLOURATOM; 262348 ESMI; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2014 IF: 12.881
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:116955			Serial	2977
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	Author	Goris, B.; Freitag, B.; Zanaga, D.; Bladt, E.; Altantzis, T.; Ringnalda, J.; Bals, S.
	Title	Towards quantitative EDX results in 3 dimensions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	20	Issue	S:3	Pages	766-767
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2014-08-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	335078 Colouratom; Fwo; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2014 IF: 1.877
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:125381			Serial	3687
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	Author	Hamon, C.; Novikov, S.M.; Scarabelli, L.; Solís, D.M.; Altantzis, T.; Bals, S.; Taboada, J.M.; Obelleiro, F.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.
	Title	Collective Plasmonic Properties in Few-Layer Gold Nanorod Supercrystals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	ACS Photonics	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Photonics
	Volume	2	Issue	2	Pages	1482-1488
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Gold nanorod supercrystals have been widely employed for the detection of relevant bioanalytes with detection limits ranging from nano- to picomolar levels, confirming the promising nature of these structures for biosensing. Even though a relationship between the height of the supercrystal (i.e., the number of stacked nanorod layers)and the enhancement factor has been proposed, no systematic study has been reported. In order to tackle this problem, we prepared gold nanorod supercrystals with varying numbers of stacked layers and analyzed them extensively by atomic force microscopy, electron microscopy and surface enhanced Raman scattering. The experimental results were compared to numerical simulations performed on real-size supercrystals composed of thousands of nanorod building blocks. Analysis of the hot spot distribution in the simulated supercrystals showed the presence of standing waves that were distributed at different depths, depending on the number of layers in each supercrystal. On the basis of these theoretical results, we interpreted the experimental data in terms of analyte penetration into the topmost layer only, which indicates that diffusion to the interior of the supercrystals would be crucial if the complete field enhancement produced by the stacked nanorods is to be exploited. We propose that our conclusions will be of high relevance in the design of next generation plasmonic devices.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000363435600013	Publication Date	2015-09-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2330-4022	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.756	Times cited	70	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors are thankful to Dr. Luis Yate for assistance with sample preparation. This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant #267867 Plasmaquo and ERC Starting Grant #335078 Colouratom) and the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MAT2013-46101-R). D.M.S., J.M.T., and F.O. acknowledge funding from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Spanish Ministerio de Economiá y Competitividad (MAT2014-58201-C2-1-R, MAT2014-58201- C2-2-R, Project TACTICA), from the ERDF and the Galician Regional Government under Projects CN2012/279 and CN2012/260 (AtlantTIC) and the Plan I2C (2011−2015), and from the ERDF and the Extremadura Regional Government (Junta de Extremadura Project IB13185).; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.756; 2015 IF: NA
	Call Number	c:irua:129458			Serial	3978
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	Author	Zanaga, D.; Altantzis, T.; Sanctorum, J.; Freitag, B.; Bals, S.
	Title	An alternative approach for ζ-factor measurement using pure element nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	164	Issue	164	Pages	11-16
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	It is very challenging to measure the chemical composition of hetero nanostructures in a reliable and quantitative manner. Here, we propose a novel and straightforward approach that can be used to quantify energy dispersive X-ray spectra acquired in a transmission electron microscope. Our method is based on a combination of electron tomography and the so-called ζ-factor technique. We will demonstrate the reliability of our approach as well as its applicability by investigating Au-Ag and Au-Pt hetero nanostructures. Given its simplicity, we expect that the method could become a new standard in the field of chemical characterization using electron microscopy.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000373526200002	Publication Date	2016-03-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	19	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant # 335078-COLOURATOMS) and the European Union under the FP7 (Integrated Infrastructure Initiative N. 312483 – ESTEEM2). The authors would also like to thank Luis M. Liz-Marzán, Ana Sánchez-Iglesias, Stefanos Mourdikoudis and Cristina Fernández-López for sample provision and useful discussions.; esteem2jra4; ECASSara; (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @			Serial	4019
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	Author	Kalesaki, E.; Boneschanscher, M.P.; Geuchies, J.J.; Delerue, C.; Morais Smith, C.; Evers, W.H.; Allan, G.; Altantzis, T.; Bals, S.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.
	Title	Preparation and study of 2-D semiconductors with Dirac type bands due to the honeycomb nanogeometry			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2014	Publication	Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers T2 – Proceedings of SPIE	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	8981	Issue		Pages	898107-898107
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The interest in 2-dimensional systems with a honeycomb lattice and related Dirac-type electronic bands has exceeded the prototype graphene1. Currently, 2-dimensional atomic2,3 and nanoscale4-8 systems are extensively investigated in the search for materials with novel electronic properties that can be tailored by geometry. The immediate question that arises is how to fabricate 2-D semiconductors that have a honeycomb nanogeometry, and as a consequence of that, display a Dirac-type band structure? Here, we show that atomically coherent honeycomb superlattices of rocksalt (PbSe, PbTe) and zincblende (CdSe, CdTe) semiconductors can be obtained by nanocrystal self-assembly and facet-to-facet atomic bonding, and subsequent cation exchange. We present a extended structural analysis of atomically coherent 2-D honeycomb structures that were recently obtained with self-assembly and facet-to-facet bonding9. We show that this process may in principle lead to three different types of honeycomb structures, one with a graphene type-, and two others with a silicene-type structure. Using TEM, electron diffraction, STM and GISAXS it is convincingly shown that the structures are from the silicene-type. In the second part of this work, we describe the electronic structure of graphene-type and silicene type honeycomb semiconductors. We present the results of advanced electronic structure calculations using the sp3d5s* atomistic tight-binding method10. For simplicity, we focus on semiconductors with a simple and single conduction band for the native bulk semiconductor. When the 3-D geometry is changed into 2-D honeycomb, a conduction band structure transformation to two types of Dirac cones, one for S- and one for P-orbitals, is observed. The width of the bands depends on the honeycomb period and the coupling between the nanocrystals. Furthermore, there is a dispersionless P-orbital band, which also forms a landmark of the honeycomb structure. The effects of considerable intrinsic spin-orbit coupling are briefly considered. For heavy-element compounds such as CdTe, strong intrinsic spin-‐orbit coupling opens a non-trivial gap at the P-orbital Dirac point, leading to a quantum Spin Hall effect10-12. Our work shows that well known semiconductor crystals, known for centuries, can lead to systems with entirely new electronic properties, by the simple action of nanogeometry. It can be foreseen that such structures will play a key role in future opto-electronic applications, provided that they can be fabricated in a straightforward way.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000336040600004	Publication Date	2014-03-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	2	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work has been supported by funding of the French National Research Agency [ANR, (ANR-‐09-‐BLAN-‐0421-‐01)], NWO and the Dutch organization FOM [Programs “Control over Functional Nanoparticle Solids” (FNPS) and “Designing Dirac Carriers in Semiconductors”			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	c:irua:131912			Serial	4039
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	Author	Altantzis, T.; Yang, Z.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Pileni, M.-P.
	Title	Thermal Stability of CoAu₁₃Binary Nanoparticle Superlattices under the Electron Beam			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Mater
	Volume	28	Issue	28	Pages	716-719
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	One primary goal of self-assembly in nanoscale regime is to implement multifunctional binary nanoparticle superlattices into practical use. In the last decade, considerable effort has been put into the fabrication of binary nanoparticle superlattices with controllable structure and stoichiometry. However, limited effort has been made in order to improve the stability of these binary nanoparticle superlattices, which is a prerequisite for their potential application. In this work, we demonstrate that the carbon deposition from specimen contamination can play an auxiliary role during the heat treatment of binary nanoparticle superlattices. With the in-situ carbon matrix formation, the thermal stability of CoAu 13 binary nanoparticle superlattices is unambiguously enhanced.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000370112200007	Publication Date	2016-01-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0897-4756	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.466	Times cited	10	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The research leading to these results has been supported by an Advanced Grant of the European Research Council under Grant 267129. The authors appreciate financial support by theEuropean Union under the Framework 7 program under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (Reference No. 262348 ESMI). S.B. acknowledges funding from ERC Starting Grant COLOURATOMS (335078).; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.466
	Call Number	c:irua:131908			Serial	4040
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	Author	Zanaga, D.; Altantzis, T.; Polavarapu, L.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Freitag, B.; Bals, S.
	Title	A New Method for Quantitative XEDS Tomography of Complex Heteronanostructures			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Particle and particle systems characterization	Abbreviated Journal	Part Part Syst Char
	Volume	33	Issue	33	Pages	396-403
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Reliable quantification of 3D results obtained by X-ray Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (XEDS) tomography is currently hampered by the presence of shadowing effects and poor spatial resolution. Here, we present a method that overcomes these problems by synergistically combining quantified XEDS data and High Angle Annular Dark Field – Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HAADF-STEM) tomography. As a proof of principle, the approach is applied to characterize a complex Au/Ag nanorattle obtained through a galvanic replacement reaction. However, the technique we propose here is widely applicable to a broad range of nanostructures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000379970000008	Publication Date	2016-03-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0934-0866	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.474	Times cited	29	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors acknowledge financial support from European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant # 335078-COLOURATOMS, ERC Advanced Grant # 291667 HierarSACol and ERC Advanced Grant 267867 – PLASMAQUO), the European Union under the FP7 (Integrated Infrastructure Initiative N. 262348 European Soft Matter Infrastructure, ESMI and N. 312483 ESTEEM2).; esteem2jra4; ECASSara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.474
	Call Number	c:irua:132643 c:irua:132643			Serial	4052
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	Author	Mourdikoudis, S.; Altantzis, T.; Liz-Marzan, L.M.; Bals, S.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Perez-Juste, J.
	Title	Hydrophilic Pt nanoflowers: synthesis, crystallographic analysis and catalytic performance			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	CrystEngComm	Abbreviated Journal	Crystengcomm
	Volume	18	Issue	18	Pages	3422-3427
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Water-soluble Pt nanoflowers (NFs) were prepared by a diethylene glycol-mediated reduction of Pt acetylacetonate (Pt(acac)2) in the presence of polyethyleneimine. Advanced electron microscopy analysis showed that NFs consist of multiple branches with truncated cubic morphology and different crystallographic orientations. We demonstrate that the nature of the solvent strongly influences the resulting morphology. The catalytic performance of Pt NFs in 4–nitrophenol reduction was found to be superior to that of other nanoparticle-based catalysts. Additionally, Pt NFs display good catalytic reusability with no loss of activity after five consecutive cycles.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000375697800012	Publication Date	2016-04-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1466-8033	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.474	Times cited	30	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors would like to thank J. Millos for the XRD experiments and R. Lomba for ICP-OES elemental analysis measurements at the CACTI institute in Vigo. S. Rodal-Cedeira is acknowledged for the FTIR measurement. This research project was implemented within the framework of the Action «Supporting Postdoctoral Researchers» of the Operational Program “Education and Lifelong Learning” (Action’s Beneficiary: General Secretariat for Research and Technology of Greece) and is co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Greek State [project code PE4(1546)]. This work has been also supported by the Spanish MINECO (grant MAT2013-45168-R) and by the Xunta de Galicia/FEDER (Grant No. GPC2013-006; INBIOMED/FEDER “Unha maneira de facer Europa”). S.B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under the Seventh Framework Program (FP7), ERC Grant No. 335078 COLOURATOMS.; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.474
	Call Number	c:irua:133670			Serial	4067
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