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Records |
Links |
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Author |
Dendooven, J.; Goris, B.; Devloo-Casier, K.; Levrau, E.; Biermans, E.; Baklanov, M.R.; Ludwig, K.F.; van der Voort, P.; Bals, S.; Detavernier, C. |
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Title |
Tuning the pore size of ink-bottle mesopores by atomic layer deposition |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
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| |
Volume  |
24 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1992-1994 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. |
Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000305092600002 |
Publication Date |
2012-05-03 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
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| |
ISSN |
0897-4756;1520-5002; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
9.466 |
Times cited |
52 |
Open Access |
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| |
Notes |
Fwo |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.466; 2012 IF: 8.238 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:99078 |
Serial |
3760 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Zhao, H.; Li, C.-F.; Yong, X.; Kumar, P.; Palma, B.; Hu, Z.-Y.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Siahrostami, S.; Larter, S.; Zheng, D.; Wang, S.; Chen, Z.; Kibria, M.G.; Hu, J. |
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Title |
Coproduction of hydrogen and lactic acid from glucose photocatalysis on band-engineered Zn1-xCdxS homojunction |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
iScience |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
24 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
102109 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Photocatalytic transformation of biomass into value-added chemicals coupled with co-production of hydrogen provides an explicit route to trap sunlight into the chemical bonds. Here, we demonstrate a rational design of Zn1-xCdxS solidsolution homojunction photocatalyst with a pseudo-periodic cubic zinc blende (ZB) and hexagonal wurtzite (WZ) structure for efficient glucose conversion to simultaneously produce hydrogen and lactic acid. The optimized Zn0.6Cd0.4S catalyst consists of a twinning superlattice, has a tuned bandgap, and displays excellent efficiency with respect to hydrogen generation (690 +/- 27.6 mu mol.h(-1).g(cat).(-1)), glucose conversion (similar to 90%), and lactic acid selectivity (similar to 87%) without any co-catalyst under visible light irradiation. The periodic WZ/ZB phase in twinning superlattice facilitates better charge separation, while superoxide radical (center dot O-2(-)) and photogenerated holes drive the glucose transformation and water oxidation reactions, respectively. This work demonstrates that rational photocatalyst design could realize an efficient and concomitant production of hydrogen and value-added chemicals from glucose photocatalysis. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000621266700080 |
Publication Date |
2021-01-28 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2589-0042 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:176744 |
Serial |
6720 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Windels, S.; Diefenhardt, T.; Jain, N.; Marquez, C.; Bals, S.; Schlummer, M.; De Vos, D.E. |
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Title |
Catalytic upcycling of PVC waste-derived phthalate esters into safe, hydrogenated plasticizers |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Green chemistry : cutting-edge research for a greener sustainable future |
Abbreviated Journal |
Green Chem |
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| |
Volume |
24 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
754-766 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Recycling of end-of-life polyvinyl chloride (PVC) calls for solutions to deal with the vast amounts of harmful phthalate plasticizers that have historically been incorporated in PVC. Here, we report on the upcycling of such waste-extracted phthalate esters into analogues of the much safer diisononyl 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate plasticizer (DINCH), via a catalytic one-pot (trans)esterification-hydrogenation process. For most of the virgin phthalates, Ru/Al2O3 is a highly effective hydrogenation catalyst, yielding >99% ring-hydrogenated products under mild reaction conditions (0.1 mol% Ru, 80 degrees C, 50 bar H-2). However, applying this reaction to PVC-extracted phthalates proved problematic, (1) as benzyl phthalates are hydrogenolyzed to benzoic acids that inhibit the Ru-catalyst, and (2) because impurities in the plasticizer extract (PVC, sulfur) further retard the hydrogenation. These complications were solved by coupling the hydrogenation to an in situ (trans)esterification with a higher alcohol, and by pretreating the extract with an activated carbon adsorbent. In this way, a real phthalate extract obtained from post-consumer PVC waste was eventually completely (>99%) hydrogenated to phthalate-free, cycloaliphatic plasticizers. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000726865200001 |
Publication Date |
2021-11-30 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
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| |
ISSN |
1463-9262; 1463-9270 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
9.8 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 821366 (programma acronym: Circular Flooring). D. E. D. V. thanks FWO for project funding (SBO project S001819N Triple Cycle); N. J. and S. B. acknowledge the financial support from FWO and FNRS (EOS 30489208). Finally, the authors also thank S. Smolders for assistance with the TGA-MS experiments and D. Paredaens for his experimental contribution |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.8 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:184746 |
Serial |
6958 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Lu, Y.-G.; Verbeeck, J.; Turner, S.; Hardy, A.; Janssens, S.D.; De Dobbelaere, C.; Wagner, P.; Van Bael, M.K.; Van Tendeloo, G. |
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Title |
Analytical TEM study of CVD diamond growth on TiO2 sol-gel layers |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Diamond and related materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Diam Relat Mater |
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| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
93-99 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
The early growth stages of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond on a solgel TiO2 film with buried ultra dispersed diamond seeds (UDD) have been studied. In order to investigate the diamond growth mechanism and understand the role of the TiO2 layer in the growth process, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-filtered TEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) techniques were applied to cross sectional diamond film samples. We find evidence for the formation of TiC crystallites inside the TiO2 layer at different diamond growth stages. However, there is no evidence that diamond nucleation starts from these crystallites. Carbon diffusion into the TiO2 layer and the chemical bonding state of carbon (sp2/sp3) were both extensively investigated. We provide evidence that carbon diffuses through the TiO2 layer and that the diamond seeds partially convert to amorphous carbon during growth. This carbon diffusion and diamond to amorphous carbon conversion make the seed areas below the TiO2 layer grow and bend the TiO2 layer upwards to form the nucleation center of the diamond film. In some of the protuberances a core of diamond seed remains, covered by amorphous carbon. It is however unlikely that the remaining seeds are still active during the growth process. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000302887600017 |
Publication Date |
2012-01-26 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0925-9635; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
2.561 |
Times cited |
16 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
Iap; Esteem 026019; Fwo |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.561; 2012 IF: 1.709 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:95037UA @ admin @ c:irua:95037 |
Serial |
111 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Abakumov, A.M.; Batuk, D.; Hadermann, J.; Rozova, M.G.; Sheptyakov, D.V.; Tsirlin, A.A.; Niermann, D.; Waschowski, F.; Hemberger, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Antipov, E.V. |
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Title |
Antiferroelectric (Pb,Bi)1-xFe1+xO3-y perovskites modulated by crystallographic shear planes |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
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| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
255-265 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
We demonstrate for the first time a possibility to vary the anion content in perovskites over a wide range through a long-range-ordered arrangement of crystallographic shear (CS) planes. Anion-deficient perovskites (Pb,Bi)1−xFe1+xO3−y with incommensurately modulated structures were prepared as single phases in the compositional range from Pb0.857Bi0.094Fe1.049O2.572 to Pb0.409Bi0.567Fe1.025O2.796. Using a combination of electron diffraction and high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, we constructed a superspace model describing a periodic arrangement of the CS planes. The model was verified by refinement of the Pb0.64Bi0.32Fe1.04O2.675 crystal structure from neutron powder diffraction data ((3 + 1)D S.G. X2/m(α0γ), X = [1/2,1/2,1/2,1/2], a = 3.9082(1) Å, b = 3.90333(8) Å, c = 4.0900(1) Å, β = 91.936(2)°, q = 0.05013(4)a* + 0.09170(3)c* at T = 700 K, RP = 0.036, RwP = 0.048). The (Pb,Bi)1−xFe1+xO3−y structures consist of perovskite blocks separated by CS planes confined to nearly the (509)p perovskite plane. Along the CS planes, the perovskite blocks are shifted with respect to each other over the 1/2[110]p vector that transforms the corner-sharing connectivity of the FeO6 octahedra in the perovskite framework to an edge-sharing connectivity of the FeO5 pyramids at the CS plane, thus reducing the oxygen content. Variation of the chemical composition in the (Pb,Bi)1−xFe1+xO3−y series occurs mainly because of a changing thickness of the perovskite block between the interfaces, that can be expressed through the components of the q vector as Pb6γ+2αBi1−7γ−αFe1+γ−αO3−3γ−α. The Pb, Bi, and Fe atoms are subjected to strong displacements occurring in antiparallel directions on both sides of the perovskite blocks, resulting in an antiferroelectric-type structure. This is corroborated by the temperature-, frequency-, and field-dependent complex permittivity measurements. Pb0.64Bi0.32Fe1.04O2.675 demonstrates a remarkably high resistivity >0.1 T Ω cm at room temperature and orders antiferromagnetically below TN = 608(10) K. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. |
Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000286160800018 |
Publication Date |
2010-12-23 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
0897-4756;1520-5002; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
9.466 |
Times cited |
29 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.466; 2011 IF: 7.286 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88651 |
Serial |
136 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Belik, A.A.; Abakumov, A.M.; Tsirlin, A.A.; Hadermann, J.; Kim, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Takayama-Muromachi, E. |
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Title |
Article Structure and magnetic properties of BiFe0.75Mn0.25O3 perovskite prepared at ambient and high pressure |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
4505-4514 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Solid solutions of BiFe1xMnxO3 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) were prepared at ambient pressure and at 6 GPa. The ambient-pressure (AP) phases crystallize in space group R3c similarly to BiFeO3. The high-pressure (HP) phases crystallize in space group R3c for x = 0.05 and in space group Pnma for 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.4. The structure of HP-BiFe0.75Mn0.25O3 was investigated using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, electron diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. HP-BiFe0.75Mn0.25O3 has a PbZrO3-related √2ap × 4ap × 2√2ap (ap is the parameter of the cubic perovskite subcell) superstructure with a = 5.60125(9) Å, b = 15.6610(2) Å, and c = 11.2515(2) Å similar to that of Bi0.82La0.18FeO3. A remarkable feature of this structure is the unconventional octahedral tilt system, with the primary ab0a tilt superimposed on pairwise clockwise and counterclockwise rotations around the b-axis according to the oioi sequence (o stands for out-of-phase tilt, and i stands for in-phase tilt). The (FeMn)O6 octahedra are distorted, with one longer metaloxygen bond (2.222.23 Å) that can be attributed to a compensation for covalent BiO bonding. Such bonding results in the localization of the lone electron pair on Bi3+ cations, as confirmed by electron localization function analysis. The relationship between HP-BiFe0.75Mn0.25O3 and antiferroelectric structures of PbZrO3 and NaNbO3 is discussed. On heating in air, HP-BiFe0.75Mn0.25O3 irreversibly transforms to AP-BiFe0.75Mn0.25O3 starting from about 600 K. Both AP and HP phases undergo an antiferromagnetic ordering at TN ≈ 485 and 520 K, respectively, and develop a weak net magnetic moment at low temperatures. Additionally, ceramic samples of AP-BiFe0.75Mn0.25O3 show a peculiar phenomenon of magnetization reversal. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. |
Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000295897400015 |
Publication Date |
2011-09-29 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
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| |
ISSN |
0897-4756;1520-5002; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
9.466 |
Times cited |
57 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.466; 2011 IF: 7.286 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93581 |
Serial |
151 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Yang, Z.; Schryvers, D. |
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Title |
Composition gradients surrounding Ni4Ti3 precipitates in a NiTi alloy studied by EELS, EFTEM and EDX |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
International journal of applied electromagnetics and mechanics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Appl Electrom |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
1/2 |
Pages |
17-24 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
0000-00-00 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
1383-5416 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; |
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| |
Impact Factor |
0.769 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
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| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 0.769; 2006 IF: 0.262 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:59610 |
Serial |
443 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Ray, S.; Kolen'ko, Y.V.; Kovnir, K.A.; Lebedev, O.I.; Turner, S.; Chakraborty, T.; Erni, R.; Watanabe, T.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Yoshimura, M.; Itoh, M. |
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Title |
Defect controlled room temperature ferromagnetism in Co-doped barium titanate nanocrystals |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Nanotechnology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nanotechnology |
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| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
025702,1-025702,10 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Defect mediated high temperature ferromagnetism in oxide nanocrystallites is the central feature of this work. Here, we report the development of room temperature ferromagnetism in nanosized Co-doped barium titanate particles with a size of around 14 nm, synthesized by a solvothermal drying method. A combination of x-ray diffraction with state-of-the-art electron microscopy techniques confirms the intrinsic doping of Co into BaTiO3. The development of the room temperature ferromagnetism was tracked down to the different donor defects, namely hydroxyl groups at the oxygen site (\mathrm {OH}\mathrm {(O)} |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Bristol |
Editor |
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Language |
|
Wos |
000298409000011 |
Publication Date |
2011-12-14 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0957-4484;1361-6528; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
3.44 |
Times cited |
19 |
Open Access |
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| |
Notes |
Esteem 026019; Fwo |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.44; 2012 IF: 3.842 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93636 |
Serial |
614 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
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Author |
Huijben, M.; Koster, G.; Kruize, M.K.; Wenderich, S.; Verbeeck, J.; Bals, S.; Slooten, E.; Shi, B.; Molegraaf, H.J.A.; Kleibeuker, J.E.; Van Aert, S.; Goedkoop, J.B.; Brinkman, A.; Blank, D.H.A.; Golden, M.S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Hilgenkamp, H.; Rijnders, G.; |
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Title |
Defect engineering in oxide heterostructures by enhanced oxygen surface exchange |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Advanced functional materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Adv Funct Mater |
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| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
42 |
Pages |
5240-5248 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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| |
Abstract |
The synthesis of materials with well-controlled composition and structure improves our understanding of their intrinsic electrical transport properties. Recent developments in atomically controlled growth have been shown to be crucial in enabling the study of new physical phenomena in epitaxial oxide heterostructures. Nevertheless, these phenomena can be influenced by the presence of defects that act as extrinsic sources of both doping and impurity scattering. Control over the nature and density of such defects is therefore necessary to fully understand the intrinsic materials properties and exploit them in future device technologies. Here, it is shown that incorporation of a strontium copper oxide nano-layer strongly reduces the impurity scattering at conducting interfaces in oxide LaAlO3SrTiO3(001) heterostructures, opening the door to high carrier mobility materials. It is proposed that this remote cuprate layer facilitates enhanced suppression of oxygen defects by reducing the kinetic barrier for oxygen exchange in the hetero-interfacial film system. This design concept of controlled defect engineering can be of significant importance in applications in which enhanced oxygen surface exchange plays a crucial role. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Weinheim |
Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000327480900003 |
Publication Date |
2013-06-10 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
1616-301X; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
12.124 |
Times cited |
87 |
Open Access |
|
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| |
Notes |
Countatoms; Vortex; Fwo; Ifox ECASJO_; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 12.124; 2013 IF: 10.439 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109273UA @ admin @ c:irua:109273 |
Serial |
615 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Schulze, A.; Hantschel, T.; Dathe, A.; Eyben, P.; Ke, X.; Vandervorst, W. |
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Title |
Electrical tomography using atomic force microscopy and its application towards carbon nanotube-based interconnects |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Nanotechnology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nanotechnology |
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| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
30 |
Pages |
305707 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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| |
Abstract |
The fabrication and integration of low-resistance carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for interconnects in future integrated circuits requires characterization techniques providing structural and electrical information at the nanometer scale. In this paper we present a slice-and-view approach based on electrical atomic force microscopy. Material removal achieved by successive scanning using doped ultra-sharp full-diamond probes, manufactured in-house, enables us to acquire two-dimensional (2D) resistance maps originating from different depths (equivalently different CNT lengths) on CNT-based interconnects. Stacking and interpolating these 2D resistance maps results in a three-dimensional (3D) representation (tomogram). This allows insight from a structural (e.g. size, density, distribution, straightness) and electrical point of view simultaneously. By extracting the resistance evolution over the length of an individual CNT we derive quantitative information about the resistivity and the contact resistance between the CNT and bottom electrode. |
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| |
Address |
|
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| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Bristol |
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Wos |
000306333500029 |
Publication Date |
2012-07-11 |
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0957-4484;1361-6528; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
3.44 |
Times cited |
29 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.44; 2012 IF: 3.842 |
|
| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:100750 |
Serial |
895 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Hamelet, S.; Casas-Cabanas, M.; Dupont, L.; Davoisne, C.; Tarascon, J.M.; Masquelier, C. |
|
| |
Title |
Existence of superstructures due to large amounts of Fe vacancies in the LiFePO4-type framework |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
|
| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
32-38 |
|
| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
|
| |
Abstract |
LiFePO4 has been under intense scrutiny over the past decade because it stands as an attractive positive electrode material for the next generation of Li-ion batteries to power electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, hence the importance of its thermal behavior. The reactivity of LiFePO4 with air at moderate temperatures is shown to be dependent on its particle size. For nanosized materials, a progressive displacement of Fe from the core structure leading to a composite made of nanosize Fe2O3 and highly defective, oxidized LixFeyPO4 compositions, among which the “ideal” formula LiFe2/3PO4. Herein we report, from both temperature-controlled X-ray diffraction and electronic diffraction microscopy, that these off-stoichiometry olivine-type compounds show a defect ordering resulting in the formation of a superstructure. Such a finding shows striking similarities with the temperature-driven oxidation of fayalite Fe2SiO4 (another olivine) to structurally defective laihunite, reported in the literature three decades ago. |
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| |
Address |
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| |
Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. |
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Wos |
000285726900007 |
Publication Date |
2010-12-14 |
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0897-4756;1520-5002; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
9.466 |
Times cited |
30 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.466; 2011 IF: 7.286 |
|
| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:105605 |
Serial |
1130 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
|
Author |
Schryvers, D.; Ma, Y. |
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| |
Title |
In-situ TEM study of the Ni5Al3 to B2 + L12 decomposition in Ni65Al35 |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Materials letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mater Lett |
|
| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
105-111 |
|
| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
|
| |
Abstract |
Homogenised and quenched Ni65Al35 samples were heated and studied in situ in a CM20 electron microscope up to 900 degrees C. The Ni5Al3 phase first forming around 550 degrees C in the quenched L1(0) microtwinned martensite starts to decompose around 800 degrees C yielding B2 precipitates in a twinned L1(2) matrix. The latter twinning is a remainder of the microtwinning in the original room temperature martensite. Also the crystallographic relations between precipitates and matrix can be traced back to the original formation of twinned martensite plates within the austenite. Some aspects of the dynamics of the process are discussed on the basis of snap shots and video recordings. |
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| |
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
|
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| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Wos |
A1995QW53500020 |
Publication Date |
2002-07-25 |
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0167-577X; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
2.489 |
Times cited |
5 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:13166 |
Serial |
1585 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
|
Author |
He, Z.; Maurice, J.-L.; Gohier, A.; Lee, C.S.; Pribat, D.; Cojocaru, C.S. |
|
| |
Title |
Iron catalysts for the growth of carbon nanofibers : Fe, Fe3C or both? |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
|
| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
5379-5387 |
|
| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
|
| |
Abstract |
Iron is a widely used catalyst for the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or carbon nanofibers (CNFs) by catalytic chemical vapor deposition. However, both Fe and FeC compounds (generally, Fe3C) have been found to catalyze the growth of CNTs/CNFs, and a comparison study of their respective catalytic activities is still missing. Furthermore, the control of the crystal structure of iron-based catalysts, that is α-Fe or Fe3C, is still a challenge, which not only obscures our understanding of the growth mechanisms of CNTs/CNFs, but also complicates subsequent procedures, such as the removal of catalysts for better industrial applications. Here, we show a partial control of the phase of iron catalysts (α-Fe or Fe3C), obtained by varying the growth temperatures during the synthesis of carbon-based nanofibers/nanotubes in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor. We also show that the structure of CNFs originating from Fe3C is bamboo-type, while that of CNFs originating from Fe is not. Moreover, we directly compare the growth rates of carbon-based nanofibers/nanotubes during the same experiments and find that CNFs/CNTs grown by α-Fe nanoparticles are longer than CNFs grown from Fe3C nanoparticles. The influence of the type of catalyst on the growth of CNFs is analyzed and the corresponding possible growth mechanisms, based on the different phases of the catalysts, are discussed. |
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| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. |
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Wos |
000298197300014 |
Publication Date |
2011-11-10 |
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0897-4756;1520-5002; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
9.466 |
Times cited |
91 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.466; 2011 IF: 7.286 |
|
| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:94297 |
Serial |
1748 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
|
Author |
Hervieu, M.; Damay, F.; Poienar, M.; Elkaim, E.; Rouquette, J.; Abakumov, A.M.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Maignan, A.; Martin, C. |
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| |
Title |
Nanostructures in LuFe2O4+\delta |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Solid state sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Solid State Sci |
|
| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
26-34 |
|
| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
|
| |
Abstract |
A LuFe2O4+delta sample, previously characterized by X-ray synchrotron and neutron diffraction, has been studied by electron microscopy techniques, in order to get a precise description of its micro- and nanostructures at room temperature. The X-ray synchrotron data vs. temperature show that the monoclinic distortion is associated with the charge ordering; this distortion results in elongated twinning domains, which enhance the complexity of the microstructural state at room temperature. The structural modulation associated with oxygen excess is observed in large domains inside a non modulated matrix, in contrast with the modulations associated with the charge ordering of the Fe2+ and Fe3+ species, which are mostly short-range. The investigation of the nature and density of defects in the sample shows that they are nano-scaled, preserving the regularity of the layer stacking mode, and limited to the formation of one- or two-units large stacking faults, associated with gliding mechanisms. Based on these observations, an original description of the LuFe2O4 ferrite structure, through puckered [LuO4](infinity) sandwiching [Fe-2](infinity) layers, is proposed. (C) 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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| |
Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
Editor |
|
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| |
Language |
|
Wos |
000324156200005 |
Publication Date |
2013-06-13 |
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| |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
1293-2558; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
1.811 |
Times cited |
7 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.811; 2013 IF: 1.679 |
|
| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:111196 |
Serial |
2276 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
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Author |
Gélard, J.; Jehanathan, N.; Roussel, H.; Gariglio, S.; Lebedev, O.I.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Dubourdieu, C. |
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| |
Title |
Off-stoichiometry effects on the crystalline and defect structure of hexagonal manganite REMnO3 films (RE = Y, Er, Dy) |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
|
| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1232-1238 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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| |
Abstract |
The crystalline and defect structure of epitaxial hexagonal RExMnyO3 (RE = Er, Dy) films with varying cationic composition was investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The films are composed of a strained layer at the interface with the substrate and of a relaxed layer on top of it. The critical thickness is of 10 to 25 nm. For Mn-rich films (or RE deficient), an off-stoichiometric composition maintaining the hexagonal LuMnO3-type structure is stabilized over a large range of the RE/Mn ratio (0.72−1.00), with no Mn-rich secondary phases observed. A linear dependence of the out-of-plane lattice parameter with RE/Mn is observed in this range. Out-of-phase boundary (OPB) extended defects are observed in all films and exhibit a local change in stoichiometry. Such a large solubility limit in the RE deficient region points toward the formation of vacancies on the RE site (RExMnO3−δ, with 0.72 ≤ x < 1), a phenomenon that is encountered in perovskite manganites such as LaxMnO3−δ (x < 1) and that may strongly impact the physical properties of hexagonal manganites. |
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| |
Address |
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| |
Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. |
Editor |
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| |
Language |
|
Wos |
000287767200022 |
Publication Date |
2011-02-03 |
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0897-4756;1520-5002; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
9.466 |
Times cited |
17 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.466; 2011 IF: 7.286 |
|
| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88649 |
Serial |
2430 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
|
Author |
Dachraoui, W.; Yang, T.; Liu, C.; Ling, G.; Hadermann, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Llobet, A.; Greenblatt, M. |
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| |
Title |
Short-range layered A-site ordering in double perovskites NaLaBB'O6 (B = Mn, Fe; B' = Nb, Ta) |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
|
| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
2398-2406 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
|
| |
Abstract |
The new compounds NaLaFeTaO6, NaLaFeNbO6, NaLaMnTaO6, and NaLaMnNbO6 have been synthesized and characterized with a combination of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), neutron powder diffraction (NPD), and magnetization measurements. Through electron microscopy study, a local layered order of the A-cations has been detected without the typical occurrence of rock salt order at the B-cation site. Satellite reflections in the electron diffraction related to the local layered order are not visible on the XRPD or NPD patterns. The occurrence of local layered order is supported by pair distribution function analysis, which also reveals the presence of uncorrelated displacements of the Nb and Ta cations. The octahedra are tilted according to the system a−b+a−, and the coordinates were refined from XRPD and NPD with a disordered cation distribution in the space group Pnma. The magnetic exchange interactions in NaLaFeTaO6 and NaLaFeNbO6 are antiferromagnetic, while they are ferromagnetic in NaLaMnTaO6 and NaLaMnNbO6. Long-range magnetic ordering is not observed down to 4 K for any of the compositions. |
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Address |
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| |
Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. |
Editor |
|
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| |
Language |
|
Wos |
000290063600016 |
Publication Date |
2011-04-14 |
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0897-4756;1520-5002; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
9.466 |
Times cited |
14 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Esteem 026019 |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.466; 2011 IF: 7.286 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89944 |
Serial |
2996 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
|
Author |
Hadermann, J.; Abakumov, A.M.; Turner, S.; Hafideddine, Z.; Khasanova, N.R.; Antipov, E.V.; Van Tendeloo, G. |
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| |
Title |
Solving the structure of Li ion battery materials with precession electron diffraction : application to Li2CoPo4F |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
|
| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
3540-3545 |
|
| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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| |
Abstract |
The crystal structure of the Li2CoPO4F high-voltage cathode for Li ion rechargeable batteries has been completely solved from precession electron diffraction (PED) data, including the location of the Li atoms. The crystal structure consists of infinite chains of CoO4F2 octahedra sharing common edges and linked into a 3D framework by PO4 tetrahedra. The chains and phosphate anions together delimit tunnels filled with the Li atoms. This investigation demonstrates that PED can be successfully applied for obtaining structural information on a variety of Li-containing electrode materials even from single micrometer-sized crystallites. |
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Address |
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| |
Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. |
Editor |
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| |
Language |
|
Wos |
000293357100019 |
Publication Date |
2011-07-11 |
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0897-4756;1520-5002; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
9.466 |
Times cited |
46 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Fwo; Bof |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.466; 2011 IF: 7.286 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:90357 |
Serial |
3053 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
|
Author |
Rusakov, D.; Abakumov, A.M.; Yamaura, K.; Belik, A.A.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Takayama-Muromachi, E. |
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| |
Title |
Structural evolution of the BiFeO3-LaFeO3 system |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
|
| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
285-292 |
|
| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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| |
Abstract |
The (1 − x)BiFeO3−xLaFeO3 system has been investigated and characterized by room-temperature and high-temperature laboratory and synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and magnetization measurements. At room temperature, the ferroelectric R3c phase is observed for 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10. The PbZrO3-related √2ap × 2√2ap × 4ap superstructure (where ap is the parameter of the cubic perovskite subcell) is observed for Bi0.82La0.18FeO3, while an incommensurately modulated phase is formed for 0.19 ≤ x ≤ 0.30 with the √2ap × 2ap × √2ap basic unit cell. The GdFeO3-type phase with space group Pnma (√2ap × 2ap × √2ap) is stable at 0.50 ≤ x ≤ 1. Bi0.82La0.18FeO3 has no detectable homogeneity range (space group Pnam, a = 5.6004(1) Å, b = 11.2493(3) Å, c = 15.6179(3) Å). The incommensurately modulated Bi0.75La0.25FeO3 structure was solved from synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data (Imma(00γ)s00 superspace group, a = 5.5956(1) Å, b = 7.8171(1) Å, c = 5.62055(8) Å, q = 0.4855(4)c*, RP = 0.023, RwP = 0.033). In this structure, cooperative displacements of the Bi and O atoms occur, which order within the (AO) (where A = Bi, La) layers, resulting in an antipolar structure. Local fluctuations of the intralayer antipolar ordering are compensated by an interaction with the neighboring (AO) layers. A coupling of the antipolar displacements with the cooperative tilting distortion of the perovskite octahedral framework is proposed as the origin of the incommensurability. All the phases transform to the GdFeO3-type structure at high temperatures. Bi0.82La0.18FeO3 shows an intermediate PbZrO3-type phase with √2ap × 2√2ap × 2ap (space group Pbam; a = 5.6154(2) Å, b = 11.2710(4) Å, and c = 7.8248(2) Å at 570 K). The compounds in the compositional range of 0.18 ≤ x ≤ 0.95 are canted antiferromagnets. |
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Address |
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| |
Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. |
Editor |
|
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| |
Language |
|
Wos |
000286160800021 |
Publication Date |
2010-12-23 |
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0897-4756;1520-5002; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
9.466 |
Times cited |
133 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.466; 2011 IF: 7.286 |
|
| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88650 |
Serial |
3236 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
|
Author |
Croitoru, M.D.; Shanenko, A.A.; Peeters, F.M. |
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| |
Title |
Superconducting nanowires: quantum-confinement effect on the critical magnetic field and supercurrent |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2009 |
Publication |
International journal of modern physics: B: condensed matter physics, statistical physics, applied physics
T2 – 32nd International Workshop on Condensed Matter Theories, Aug 12-19, 2008, Loughborough Univ, Loughborough, England |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Mod Phys B |
|
| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
20-21 |
Pages |
4257-4268 |
|
| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
|
| |
Abstract |
We study the effect of electron confinement on the superconducting-to-normal phase transition driven by a magnetic field and/or on the current-carrying state of the superconducting condensate in nanowires. Our investigation is based on a self-consistent numerical solution of the Bogoliubov-de Gennes equations. We show that in a parallel magnetic field and/or in the presence of supercurrent the transition from superconducting to normal phase occurs as a cascade of discontinuous jumps in the superconducting order parameter for diameters D < 10 divided by 15 nm at T = 0. The critical magnetic field exhibits quantum-size oscillations with pronounced resonant enhancements. |
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| |
Address |
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| |
Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| |
Publisher |
World scientific |
Place of Publication |
Singapore |
Editor |
|
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| |
Language |
|
Wos |
000274525500026 |
Publication Date |
2009-09-23 |
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| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0217-9792;1793-6578; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
0.736 |
Times cited |
1 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 0.736; 2009 IF: 0.408 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:95673 |
Serial |
3362 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
|
Author |
Tan, H.; Lebedev, O.I.; McLaughlin, A.C.; Van Tendeloo, G. |
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| |
Title |
The superstructure and superconductivity of Ru1222 based RuSr2Gd2-x-yYyCexCu2O10-\delta compounds |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Superconductor science and technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond Sci Tech |
|
| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
115013-115013,8 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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| |
Abstract |
For the first time, the local structure and physical properties of Ru1222 based compounds (RuSr(2)Gd(1.4)Ce(0.6)Cu(2)O(10-delta) and RuSr(2)Gd(1.8-x)Y(0.2)CexCu(2)O(10) (x = 0.90-0.55)) have been investigated and analyzed together on the very same compounds. The Ru1222 superstructure was confirmed by TEM at a local scale and was suggested to have an orthorhombic symmetry with space group Aba2 and lattice parameters a(s) similar or equal to root 2a, b(s) similar or equal to root 2a and c(s) = c. This new Ru1222 superstructure distortion from tetragonal symmetry is proposed to have a positive correlation with the superconductivity variation of these compounds. The more the distortion towards orthorhombic symmetry, the higher the critical superconducting temperature these compounds can achieve. The T(c)(0) of RuSr(2)Gd(1.8-x)Y(0.2)Ce(x)Cu(2)O(10-delta) (x = 0.85-0.55) increases monotonically from 4 to 16 K when x decreases from 0.85 to 0.70, then RuSr(2)Gd(2)Cu(2)O(8) defects emerge and the T(c) decreases with decreasing x. Ru1212 defects are observed to intergrow epitaxially with the Ru1222 structure as lamellas along the c-axis in RuSr(2)Gd(1.4)Ce(0.6)Cu(2)O(10-delta). Although Ru1212 is a superconductor, the intergrowth severely restrains its superconductivity. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Bristol |
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Wos |
000284308000013 |
Publication Date |
2010-10-09 |
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0953-2048;1361-6668; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
2.878 |
Times cited |
1 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Fwo; Esteem 026019 |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.878; 2010 IF: 2.402 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:95553 |
Serial |
3385 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
|
Author |
Eckert, M.; Mortet, V.; Zhang, L.; Neyts, E.; Verbeeck, J.; Haenen, ken; Bogaerts, A. |
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| |
Title |
Theoretical investigation of grain size tuning during prolonged bias-enhanced nucleation |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
|
| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1414-1423 |
|
| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
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| |
Abstract |
In this paper, the effects of prolonged bias-enhanced nucleation (prolonged BEN) on the growth mechanisms of diamond are investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) and combined MD-Metropolis Monte Carlo (MD-MMC) simulations. First, cumulative impacts of CxHy+ and Hx+ on an a-C:H/nanodiamond composite were simulated; second, nonconsecutive impacts of the dominant ions were simulated in order to understand the observed phenomena in more detail. As stated in the existing literature, the growth of diamond structures during prolonged BEN is a process that takes place below the surface of the growing film. The investigation of the penetration behavior of CxHy+ and Hx+ species shows that the carbon-containing ions remain trapped within this amorphous phase where they dominate mechanisms like precipitation of sp3 carbon clusters. The H+ ions, however, penetrate into the crystalline phase at high bias voltages (>100 V), destroying the perfect diamond structure. The experimentally measured reduction of grain sizes at high bias voltage, reported in the literature, might thus be related to penetrating H+ ions. Furthermore, the CxHy+ ions are found to be the most efficient sputtering agents, preventing the build up of defective material. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| |
Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. |
Editor |
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| |
Language |
|
Wos |
000288291400011 |
Publication Date |
2011-02-23 |
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| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0897-4756;1520-5002; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
9.466 |
Times cited |
9 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Iwt; Fwo; Esteem 026019; Iap |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.466; 2011 IF: 7.286 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87642 |
Serial |
3605 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
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Author |
Idrissi, H.; Wang, B.; Colla, M.S.; Raskin, J.P.; Schryvers, D.; Pardoen, T. |
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| |
Title |
Ultrahigh strain hardening in thin palladium films with nanoscale twins |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Advanced materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Adv Mater |
|
| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
18 |
Pages |
2119-2122 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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| |
Abstract |
Nanocrystalline Pd thin films containing coherent growth twin boundaries are deformed using on-chip nanomechanical testing. A large work-hardening capacity is measured. The origin of the observed behavior is unraveled using transmission electron microscopy and shows specific dislocations and twin boundaries interactions. The results indicate the potential for large strength and ductility balance enhancement in Pd films, as needed in membranes for H technologies. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| |
Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Weinheim |
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Wos |
000291164200013 |
Publication Date |
2011-04-04 |
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| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0935-9648; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
|
| |
Impact Factor |
19.791 |
Times cited |
57 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Iap |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 19.791; 2011 IF: 13.877 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:90103 |
Serial |
3794 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
|
Author |
Kazakov, S.M.; Abakumov, A.M.; Perz-Mato, J.M.; Ovchinnikov, A.V.; Roslova, M.V.; Boltalin, A.I.; Morozov, I.V.; Antipov, E.V.; Van Tendeloo, G. |
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| |
Title |
Uniform patterns of Fe-vacancy ordering in the Kx(Fe,Co)2-ySe2 superconductors |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
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| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
4311-4316 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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| |
Abstract |
The Fe-vacancy ordering patterns in the superconducting KxFe2ySe2 and nonsuperconducting Kx(Fe,Co)2ySe2 samples have been investigated by electron diffraction and high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. The Fe-vacancy ordering occurs in the ab plane of the parent ThCr2Si2-type structure, demonstrating two types of patterns. Superstructure I retains the tetragonal symmetry and can be described with the aI = bI = as√5 (as is the unit cell parameter of the parent ThCr2Si2-type structure) supercell and I4/m space group. Superstructure II reduces the symmetry to orthorhombic with the aII = as√2, bII = 2as√2 supercell and the Ibam space group. This type of superstructure is observed for the first time in KxFe2ySe2. The Fe-vacancy ordering is inhomogeneous: the disordered areas interleave with the superstructures I and II in the same crystallite. The observed superstructures represent the compositionally dependent uniform ordering patterns of two species (the Fe atoms and vacancies) on a square lattice. More complex uniform ordered configurations, including compositional stripes, can be predicted for different chemical compositions of the KxFe2ySe2 (0 < y < 0.5) solid solutions. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. |
Editor |
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| |
Language |
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Wos |
000295487800005 |
Publication Date |
2011-09-13 |
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| |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
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| |
ISSN |
0897-4756;1520-5002; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
9.466 |
Times cited |
20 |
Open Access |
|
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| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.466; 2011 IF: 7.286 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:92805 |
Serial |
3810 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Roesler, C.; Dissegna, S.; Rechac, V.L.; Kauer, M.; Guo, P.; Turner, S.; Ollegott, K.; Kobayashi, H.; Yamamoto, T.; Peeters, D.; Wang, Y.; Matsumura, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Kitagawa, H.; Muhler, M.; Llabres i Xamena, F.X.; Fischer, R.A. |
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Title |
Encapsulation of bimetallic metal nanoparticles into robust zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks : evaluation of the catalytic potential for size-selective hydrogenation |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Chemistry: a European journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem-Eur J |
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| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
3583-3594 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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| |
Abstract |
The realization of metal nanoparticles (NPs) with bimetallic character and distinct composition for specific catalytic applications is an intensively studied field. Due to the synergy between metals, most bimetallic particles exhibit unique properties that are hardly provided by the individual monometallic counterparts. However, as small-sized NPs possess high surface energy, agglomeration during catalytic reactions is favored. Sufficient stabilization can be achieved by confinement of NPs in porous support materials. In this sense, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in particular have gained a lot of attention during the last years; however, encapsulation of bimetallic species remains challenging. Herein, the exclusive embedding of preformed core-shell PdPt and RuPt NPs into chemically robust Zr-based MOFs is presented. Microstructural characterization manifests partial retention of the core-shell systems after successful encapsulation without harming the crystallinity of the microporous support. The resulting chemically robust NP@UiO-66 materials exhibit enhanced catalytic activity towards the liquid-phase hydrogenation of nitrobenzene, competitive with commercially used Pt on activated carbon, but with superior size-selectivity for sterically varied substrates. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Weinheim |
Editor |
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| |
Language |
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Wos |
000397502900010 |
Publication Date |
2016-12-06 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
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| |
ISSN |
0947-6539 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
5.317 |
Times cited |
13 |
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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| |
Notes |
; This work is supported by the Cluster of Excellence RESOLV (EXC 1069) funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 5.317 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:142485 |
Serial |
4653 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Chowdhury, M.S.; Rösch, E.L.; Esteban, D.A.; Janssen, K.-J.; Wolgast, F.; Ludwig, F.; Schilling, M.; Bals, S.; Viereck, T.; Lak, A. |
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Title |
Decoupling the Characteristics of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Ultrahigh Sensitivity |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Nano letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
58-65 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Immunoassays exploiting magnetization dynamics of magnetic nanoparticles are highly promising for mix-and-measure, quantitative, and point-of-care diagnostics. However, how single-core magnetic nanoparticles can be employed to reduce particle concentration and concomitantly maximize assay sensitivity is not fully understood. Here, we design monodisperse Néel and Brownian relaxing magnetic nanocubes (MNCs) of different sizes and compositions. We provide insights into how to decouple physical properties of these MNCs to achieve ultrahigh sensitivity. We find that tri-component-based Zn0.06 Co0.80Fe2.14 O4 particles, with out-of-phase to initial magnetic susceptibility χ /χ ratio of 0.47 out of 0.50 for magnetically blocked ideal particles, show the ultrahigh magnetic sensitivity by providing rich magnetic particle spectroscopy (MPS) harmonics spectrum despite bearing lower saturation magnetization than di-component Zn0.1Fe2.9O4 having high saturation magnetization. The Zn0.06Co0.80Fe2.14O4 MNCs, coated with catechol-based polyethylene glycol ligands, measured by our benchtop MPS show three orders of magnitude better particle LOD than that of commercial nanoparticles of comparable size. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000907816300001 |
Publication Date |
2023-01-11 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
1530-6984 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
10.8 |
Times cited |
1 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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| |
Notes |
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG RTG 1952 ; Joachim Herz Stiftung; H2020 Research Infrastructures, 823717 ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 10.8; 2023 IF: 12.712 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:193406 |
Serial |
7248 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Rivas-Murias, B.; Testa-Anta, M.; Skorikov, A.S.; Comesana-Hermo, M.; Bals, S.; Salgueirino, V. |
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Title |
Interfaceless exchange bias in CoFe₂O₄ nanocrystals |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Nano letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1688-1695 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Oxidized cobalt ferrite nanocrystals with a modified distribution of the magnetic cations in their spinel structure give place to an unusual exchange-coupled system with a double reversal of the magnetization, exchange bias, and increased coercivity, but without the presence of a clear physical interface that delimits two well-differentiated magnetic phases. More specifically, the partial oxidation of cobalt cations and the formation of Fe vacancies at the surface region entail the formation of a cobalt-rich mixed ferrite spinel, which is strongly pinned by the ferrimagnetic background from the cobalt ferrite lattice. This particular configuration of exchange-biased magnetic behavior, involving two different magnetic phases but without the occurrence of a crystallographically coherent interface, revolu-tionizes the established concept of exchange bias phenomenology. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| |
Language |
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Wos |
000940892000001 |
Publication Date |
2023-02-27 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
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| |
ISSN |
1530-6984 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
10.8 |
Times cited |
4 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
M.T.-A. acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci?n under grant FJC2021- 046680-I. S.B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under the European Union?s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC Consolidator Grant N o 815128 REALNANO) . V.S. acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci?n under project PID2020-119242-I00 and from the European Union under project H2020-MSCA-RISE-2019 PEPSA-MATE (project number 872233) . |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 10.8; 2023 IF: 12.712 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:195186 |
Serial |
7315 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Ying, J.; Xiao, Y.; Chen, J.; Hu, Z.-Y.; Tian, G.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Zhang, Y.; Symes, M.D.D.; Janiak, C.; Yang, X.-Y. |
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Title |
Fractal design of hierarchical PtPd with enhanced exposed surface atoms for highly catalytic activity and stability |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Nano letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
16 |
Pages |
7371-7378 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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| |
Abstract |
Hierarchicalassembly of arc-like fractal nanostructures not onlyhas its unique self-similarity feature for stability enhancement butalso possesses the structural advantages of highly exposed surface-activesites for activity enhancement, remaining a great challenge for high-performancemetallic nanocatalyst design. Herein, we report a facile strategyto synthesize a novel arc-like hierarchical fractal structure of PtPdbimetallic nanoparticles (h-PtPd) by using pyridinium-type ionic liquidsas the structure-directing agent. Growth mechanisms of the arc-likenanostructured PtPd nanoparticles have been fully studied, and precisecontrol of the particle sizes and pore sizes has been achieved. Dueto the structural features, such as size control by self-similaritygrowth of subunits, structural stability by nanofusion of subunits,and increased numbers of exposed active atoms by the curved homoepitaxialgrowth, h-PtPd displays outstanding electrocatalytic activity towardoxygen reduction reaction and excellent stability during hydrothermaltreatment and catalytic process. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
001042181100001 |
Publication Date |
2023-08-03 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
1530-6984 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
10.8 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 10.8; 2023 IF: 12.712 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:198408 |
Serial |
8870 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Narayanan, V.; Lommens, P.; De Buysser, K.; Vanpoucke, D.E.P.; Huehne, R.; Molina, L.; Van Tendeloo, G.; van der Voort, P.; Van Driessche, I. |
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Title |
Aqueous CSD approach for the growth of novel, lattice-tuned LaxCe1-xO\delta epitaxial layers |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Journal of materials chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Mater Chem |
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| |
Volume |
22 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
8476-8483 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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| |
Abstract |
Lanthanumcerium oxide (LCO) films were deposited on Ni-5%W substrates by chemical solution deposition (CSD) from water-based precursors. LCO films containing different ratios of lanthanum and cerium ions (from CeO2 to La2Ce2O7) were prepared. The composition of the layers was optimized towards the formation of LCO buffer layers, lattice-matched with the superconducting YBa2Cu3Oy layer, useful for the development of coated conductors. Single, crack-free LCO layers with a thickness of up to 140 nm could be obtained in a single deposition step. The crystallinity and microstructure of these lattice-matched LCO layers were studied by X-ray diffraction techniques, RHEED and SEM. We find that only layers with thickness below 100 nm show a crystalline top surface although both thick and thin layers show good biaxial texture in XRD. On the most promising layers, AFM and (S)TEM were performed to further evaluate their morphology. The overall surface roughness varies between 3.9 and 7.5 nm, while the layers appear much more dense than the frequently used La2Zr2O7 (LZO) systems, showing much smaller nanovoids (12 nm) than the latter system. Their effective buffer layer action was studied using XPS. The thin LCO layers supported the growth of superconducting YBCO deposited using PLD methods. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| |
Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Cambridge |
Editor |
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| |
Language |
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Wos |
000302367500044 |
Publication Date |
2012-03-20 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
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| |
ISSN |
0959-9428;1364-5501; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
24 |
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
Iap |
Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
|
| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:96960 |
Serial |
148 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
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Author |
Esken, D.; Turner, S.; Lebedev, O.I.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Fischer, R.A. |
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| |
Title |
Au@ZIFs: stabilization and encapsulation of cavity-size matching gold clusters inside functionalized Zeolite Imidazolate Frameworks, ZIFs |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
|
| |
Volume |
22 |
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
6393-6401 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
|
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Abstract |
The selective formation and stabilization of very small, naked metal particles inside the cavities of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) and the simultaneous realization of an even distribution of the particles throughout the crystalline MOF host matrix over a wide range of metal loading are challenging goals. MOFs reveal high specific surface areas, tunable pore sizes, and organic linkers, which are able to interact with guests. The chemically very robust zeolite imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are a subclass of MOFs. We chose the microporous sodalite-like ZIF-8 (Zn(MelM)(2); IM = imidazolate) and ZIF-90 (Zn(ICA)(2); ICA = imidazolate-2-carboxyaldehyde) as host matrices to influence the dispersion of imbedded gold nanoparticles (Au NPs). The metal loading was achieved via gas phase infiltration of [Au(CO)Cl] followed by a thermal hydrogenation step to form the Au NPs. Low-dose high-resolution transmission electron microscopy ((HR)TEM) and electron tomography reveal a homogeneous distribution of Au NPs throughout the ZIF matrix. The functional groups of ZIF-90 direct the anchoring of intermediate Au species and stabilize drastically smaller and quite monodisperse Au NPs in contrast to the parent not functionalized ZIF-8. The particles can be very small, match the cavity size and approach defined molecular clusters of magic numbers, i.e., Au(55), independently from the level of loading. Post-synthetic oxidation of the aldehyde groups to yield alkyl esters by the adjacent, catalytically active metal NPs is presented as a new concept of encapsulating nanoparticles inside MOFs and allows multiple steps of metal loadings without decomposition of the MOF. |
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Washington, D.C. |
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Wos |
000284975100025 |
Publication Date |
2010-11-12 |
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ISSN |
0897-4756;1520-5002; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
9.466 |
Times cited |
194 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
Esteem 026019 |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.466; 2010 IF: 6.400 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:95530 |
Serial |
208 |
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Author |
Li, Y.; Yang, X.-Y.; Tian, G.; Vantomme, A.; Yu, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Su, B.-L. |
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Title |
Chemistry of trimethyl aluminum: a spontaneous route to thermally stable 3D crystalline macroporous alumina foams with a hierarchy of pore sizes |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
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Volume |
22 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
3251-3258 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
A simple and spontaneous one-pot self-formation procedure that is easy to scale up has been developed based on the chemistry of trimethylaluminum (TMA), leading to thermally stable macroporous crystalline alumina with a very unique and unprecedented three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical pore structure consisting of well-defined wormlike mesopores. TMA is the precursor of both product and porogene (viz, two working functions within the same molecule (2 in 1)). The materials obtained have been intensively characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), N2 adsorption−desorption, and mercury porosimetry. The open cagelike macrocavities are self-constructed by mesoporous nanorods (diameter of ca. 40−70 nm), which are themselves formed by a random assembly of fibrous nanoparticles 5−6 nm in size. Optical microscopy (OM) has been used in situ to follow the synthesis procedure, which led to the proposal of the formation mechanism. Methane molecules as porogens, which were instantaneously released because of the fast hydrolysis of the chemical precursor, were the key factor in producing these 3D structures with uniform co-continuous macropores that interconnected directly with the wormlike mesopores. The important characteristic of this procedure is the concurrent formation of a multiscaled porous network. The material exhibits great thermal stability. The hierarchically mesoporous−macroporous Al2O3 obtained is quite attractive for a myriad of applications, from catalysis to biomedicine. The present work illustrates that the one-pot self-formation concept, based on the chemistry of alkyl metals, is a versatile method to design industrially valuable hierarchically porous materials. |
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Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. |
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Wos |
000277635000030 |
Publication Date |
2010-04-27 |
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ISSN |
0897-4756;1520-5002; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
9.466 |
Times cited |
38 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 9.466; 2010 IF: 6.400 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82760 |
Serial |
356 |
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