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	Author	Fuchs, J.; Aghaei, M.; Schachel, T.D.; Sperling, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Karst, U.
	Title	Impact of the Particle Diameter on Ion Cloud Formation from Gold Nanoparticles in ICPMS			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	90	Issue	17	Pages	10271-10278
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The unique capabilities of microsecond dwell time (DT) single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICPMS) were utilized to characterize the cloud of ions generated from the introduction of suspensions of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into the plasma. A set of narrowly distributed particles with diameters ranging from 15.4 to 100.1 nm was synthesized and characterized according to established protocols. Statistically significant numbers of the short transient spICPMS events were evaluated by using 50 μs DT for their summed intensity, maximum intensity, and duration, of which all three were found to depend on the particle diameter. The summed intensity increases from 10 to 1661 counts and the maximum intensity from 6 to 309 counts for AuNPs with diameters from 15.4 to 83.2 nm. The event duration rises from 322 to 1007 μs upon increasing AuNP diameter. These numbers represent a comprehensive set of key data points of the ion clouds generated in ICPMS from AuNPs. The extension of event duration is of high interest to appoint the maximum possible particle number concentration at which separation of consecutive events in spICPMS can still be achieved. Moreover, the combined evaluation of all above-mentioned ion cloud characteristics can explain the regularly observed prolonged single-particle events. The transport and ionization behavior of AuNPs in the ICP was also computationally modeled to gain insight into the size-dependent signal generation. The simulated data reveals that the plasma temperature, and therefore the point of ionization of the particles, is the same for all diameters. However, the maximum number density of Au+, as well as the extent of the ion cloud, depends on the particle diameter, in agreement with the experimental data, and it provides an adequate explanation for the observed ion cloud characteristics.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000444060600028	Publication Date	2018-09-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	5	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We thank Dr. Harald Rösner from the Institute of Materials Physics of the University of Münster for the TEM imaging.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:153651			Serial	5057
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Gorbanev, Y.; Privat-Maldonado, A.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Analysis of Short-Lived Reactive Species in Plasma–Air–Water Systems: The Dos and the Do Nots			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2018	Publication	Analytical Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	90	Issue	22	Pages	13151-13158
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
	Abstract	This Feature addresses the analysis of the reactive species generated by nonthermal atmospheric pressure plasmas, which are widely employed in industrial and biomedical research, as well as first clinical applications. We summarize the progress in detection of plasma-generated short-lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in aqueous solutions, discuss the potential and limitations of various analytical methods in plasma−liquid systems, and provide an outlook on the possible future research goals in development of short-lived reactive species analysis methods for a general nonspecialist audience.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000451246100002	Publication Date	2018-11-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	17	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	European Commission, 743151 ; This work was supported by the European Marie Sklodowska- Curie Individual Fellowship within Horizon2020 (“LTPAM”, Grant No. 743151).			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:156301			Serial	5152
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Aghaei, M.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Flowing Atmospheric Pressure Afterglow for Ambient Ionization: Reaction Pathways Revealed by Modeling			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Analytical Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	93	Issue	17	Pages	6620-6628
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	We describe the plasma chemistry in a helium ﬂowing atmospheric pressure afterglow (FAPA) used for analytical spectrometry, by means of a quasione-dimensional (1D) plasma chemical kinetics model. We study the eﬀect of typical impurities present in the feed gas, as well as the afterglow in ambient humid air. The model provides the species density proﬁles in the discharge and afterglow regions and the chemical pathways. We demonstrate that H, N, and O atoms are formed in the discharge region, while the dominant reactive neutral species in the afterglow are O3 and NO. He* and He2* are responsible for Penning ionization of O2, N2, H2O, H2, and N, and especially O and H atoms. Besides, He2+ also contributes to ionization of N2, O2, H2O, and O through charge transfer reactions. From the pool of ions created in the discharge, NO+ and (H2O)3H+ are the dominant ions in the afterglow. Moreover, negatively charged clusters, such as NO3H2O− and NO2H2O−, are formed and their pathway is discussed as well. Our model predictions are in line with earlier observations in the literature about the important reagent ions and provide a comprehensive overview of the underlying pathways. The model explains in detail why helium provides a high analytical sensitivity because of high reagent ion formation by both Penning ionization and charge transfer. Such insights are very valuable for improving the analytical performance of this (and other) ambient desorption/ionization source(s).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000648505900008	Publication Date	2021-05-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 6713 ; The authors gratefully acknowledge ﬁnancial support from the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) grant number 6713. The computational work was carried out using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (Department EWI), and the UA. The authors also thank J. T. Shelley for providing experimental data for the gas velocity behind the anode disk and before the mass spectrometer interface, to validate our model.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:178126			Serial	6762
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	Author	Girard-Sahun, F.; Lefrancois, P.; Badets, V.; Arbault, S.; Clement, F.
	Title	Direct sensing of superoxide and its relatives reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in phosphate buffers during cold atmospheric plasmas exposures			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Analytical Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	94	Issue	14	Pages	5555-5565
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	This study aims at sensing in situ reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and specifically superoxide anion (O-2(center dot-)) in aqueous buffer solutions exposed to cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs). CAPs were generated by ionizing He gas shielded with variable N-2/O-2 mixtures. Thanks to ultramicroelectrodes protected against the high electric fields transported by the ionization waves of CAPs, the production of superoxide and several RONS was electrochemically directly detected in liquids during their plasma exposure. Complementarily, optical emissive spectroscopy (OES) was used to study the plasma phase composition and its correlation with the chemistry in the exposed liquid. The specific production of O-2(center dot-), a biologically reactive redox species, was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), in both alkaline (pH 11), where the species is fairly stable, and physiological (pH 7.4) conditions, where it is unstable. To understand its generation with respect to the plasma chemistry, we varied the shielding gas composition of CAPs to directly impact on the RONS composition at the plasma-liquid interface. We observed that the production and accumulation of RONS in liquids, including O(2)(center dot-)depends on the plasma composition, with N-2-based shieldings providing the highest superoxide concentrations (few 10s of micromolar at most) and of its derivatives (hundreds of micromolar). In situ spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses provide a high resolution kinetic and quantitative understanding of the interactions between CAPs and physiological solutions for biomedical applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000805334400013	Publication Date	2022-03-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	7.4	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 7.4
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:189093			Serial	7143
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	Author	Bings, N.H.; Bogaerts, A.; Broekaert, J.A.C.
	Title	Atomic spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	85	Issue	2	Pages	670-704
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000313668400013	Publication Date	2012-11-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	29	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2013 IF: 5.825
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:104719			Serial	190
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	Author	Bings, N.H.; Bogaerts, A.; Broekaert, J.A.C.
	Title	Atomic spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	80	Issue	12	Pages	4317-4347
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000256763400006	Publication Date	2008-05-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	53	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2008 IF: 5.712
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:69437			Serial	191
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	Author	Bings, N.H.; Bogaerts, A.; Broekaert, J.A.C.
	Title	Atomic spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	78	Issue	12	Pages	3917-3945
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000238252600007	Publication Date	2006-06-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	112	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2006 IF: 5.646
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:60058			Serial	192
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	Author	Bings, N.H.; Bogaerts, A.; Broekaert, J.A.C.
	Title	Atomic spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	76	Issue	12	Pages	3313-3336
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000222011100006	Publication Date	2004-06-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	32	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2004 IF: 5.450
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:46258			Serial	193
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	Author	Bings, N.H.; Bogaerts, A.; Broekaert, J.A.C.
	Title	Atomic spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	74	Issue	12	Pages	2691-2712
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000176253700006	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2002 IF: 5.094
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:40192			Serial	194
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	Author	Bings, N.H.; Bogaerts, A.; Broekaert, J.A.C.
	Title	Atomic spectroscopy: a review			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	82	Issue	12	Pages	4653-4681
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000278616100001	Publication Date	2010-05-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	65	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2010 IF: 5.874
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82675			Serial	195
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	Author	Gregory, C.L.; Nullens, H.A.; Gijbels, R.H.; van Espen, P.J.; Geuens, I.; de Keyzer, R.
	Title	Automated particle analysis of populations of silver halide microcrystals by electron probe microanalysis under cryogenic conditions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1998	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	70	Issue		Pages	2551-2559
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000074584700047	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 1998 IF: 4.580
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:21308			Serial	210
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	Author	Vertes, A.; Irinyi, G.; Gijbels, R.
	Title	Hydrodynamic model of matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1993	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	65	Issue		Pages	2389-2393
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	A1993LU63400039	Publication Date	2007-05-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.636	Times cited	100	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL 77/144 Q3 # MATHEMATICS, INTERDISCIPLINARY 19/101 Q1 # PHYSICS, ATOMIC, MOLECULAR & CHEMICAL 17/35 Q2 #
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:6161			Serial	1530
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	Author	van Straaten, M.; Gijbels, R.; Vertes, A.
	Title	Influence of axial and radial diffusion processes on the analytical performance of a glow discharge cell			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1992	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	64	Issue		Pages	1855-1863
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	A1992JK79600022	Publication Date	2005-03-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.636	Times cited	43	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:4199			Serial	1617
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	Author	Adriaensen, L.; Vangaever, F.; Gijbels, R.
	Title	Metal-assisted secondary ion mass spectrometry: the influence of Ag and Au deposition on molecular ion yields			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	76	Issue	22	Pages	6777-6785
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000225076400033	Publication Date	2004-11-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	67	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2004 IF: 5.450
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:51980			Serial	2006
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	Author	Poels, K.; van Vaeck, L.; Gijbels, R.
	Title	Microprobe speciation analysis of inorganic solids by Fourier transform laser mass spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1998	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	70	Issue		Pages	504-512
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000071810400012	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	32	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 1998 IF: 4.580
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:19338			Serial	2026
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	Author	Lindner, H.; Autrique, D.; Garcia, C.C.; Niemax, K.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Optimized transport setup for high repetition rate pulse-separated analysis in laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	81	Issue	11	Pages	4241-4248
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	An optimized laser ablation setup, proposed for high repetition rate inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS) analyses such as 2D imaging or depth profiling, is presented. For such applications, the particle washout time needs to be as short as possible to allow high laser pulse frequencies for reduced analysis time. Therefore, it is desirable to have an ablation setup that operates as a laminar flow reactor (LFR). A top-down strategy was applied that resulted in the present design. In the first step, a previously applied ablation setup was analyzed on the basis of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) results presented by D. Autrique et al. (Spectrochim. Acta, B 2008, 63, 257−270). By means of CFD simulations, the design was modified in such a way that it operated in the LFR regime. Experimental results demonstrate that the current design can indeed be regarded as an LFR. Furthermore, the operation under LFR conditions allowed some insight into the initial radial concentration distribution if the experimental ICPMS signal and analytical expressions are taken into account. Recommendations for a modified setup for more resilient spatial distributions are given. With the present setup, a washout time of 140 ms has been achieved for a 3% signal area criterion. Therefore, 7 Hz repetition rates can be applied with the present setup. Using elementary formulas of the analytical model, an upper bound for the washout times for similar setups can be predicted. The authors believe that the presented setup geometry comes close to the achievable limit for reliable short washout times.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000266601800014	Publication Date	2009-04-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2009 IF: 5.214
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:76935			Serial	2492
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	Author	Lindner, H.; Murtazin, A.; Groh, S.; Niemax, K.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Simulation and experimental studies on plasma temperature, flow velocity, and injector diameter effects for an inductively coupled plasma			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	83	Issue	24	Pages	9260-9266
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	An inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is analyzed by means of experiments and numerical simulation. Important plasma properties are analyzed, namely, the effective temperature inside the central channel and the mean flow velocity inside the plasma. Furthermore, the effect of torches with different injector diameters is studied by the model. The temperature inside the central channel is determined from the end-on collected line-to-background ratio in dependence of the injector gas flow rates. Within the limits of 3% deviation, the results of the simulation and the experiments are in good agreement in the range of flow rates relevant for the analysis of relatively large droplets, i.e., 50 μm. The deviation increases for higher gas flow rates but stays below 6% for all flow rates studied. The velocity of the gas inside the coil region was determined by side-on analyte emission measurements with single monodisperse droplet introduction and by the analysis of the injector gas path lines in the simulation. In the downstream region significantly higher velocities were found than in the upstream region in both the simulation and the experiment. The quantitative values show good agreement in the downstream region. In the upstream region, deviations were found in the absolute values which can be attributed to the flow conditions in that region and because the methods used for velocity determination are not fully consistent. Eddy structures are found in the simulated flow lines. These affect strongly the way taken by the path lines of the injector gas and they can explain the very long analytical signals found in the experiments at low flow rates. Simulations were performed for different injector diameters in order to find conditions where good analyte transport and optimum signals can be expected. The results clearly show the existence of a transition flow rate which marks the lower limit for effective analyte transport conditions through the plasma. A rule-of-thumb equation was extracted from the results from which the transition flow rate can be estimated for different injector diameters and different injector gas compositions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000297946900013	Publication Date	2011-07-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	34	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2011 IF: 5.856
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:94001			Serial	3009
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Martens, T.; Mihailova, D.; van Dijk, J.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Theoretical characterization of an atmospheric pressure glow discharge used for analytical spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	81	Issue	21	Pages	9096-9108
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	We have investigated the plasma processes in an atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) in He used for analytical spectrometry by means of fluid and Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Typical results include the potential and electric field distributions in the plasma, the density profiles of the various plasma species throughout the discharge, the mean electron energy, as well as the rates of the various collision processes in the plasma, and the relative importance of the different production and loss rates for the various species. The similarities and differences with low-pressure glow discharges are discussed. The main differences are a very small cathode dark space region and a large positive column as well as the dominant role of molecular ions. Some characteristic features of the APGD, such as the occurrence of the different spatial zones in the discharge, are illustrated, with links to experimental observations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000276191900062	Publication Date	2009-10-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2009 IF: 5.214
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:79554			Serial	3604
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	Author	Verlinden, G.; Janssens, G.; Gijbels, R.; van Espen, P.; Geuens, I.
	Title	Three-dimensional chemical characterization of complex silver halide microcrystals by scanning ion microprobe mass analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1997	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	69	Issue		Pages	3773-3779
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	A1997XV71200019	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 1997 IF: 4.743
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:16959			Serial	3647
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.
	Title	Two-dimensional model of a direct current glow discharge : description of the argon metastable atoms, sputtered atoms and ions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1996	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	68	Issue	15	Pages	2676-2685
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	A two-dimensional model is presented that describes the behavior of argon metastable atoms, copper atoms, and copper ions in an argon direct. current glow discharge, in the standard cell of the VG9000 glow discharge mass spectrometer for analyzing flat samples. The model is combined with a previously developed model for the electrons, argon ions, and atoms in the same cell to obtain an overall picture of the glow discharge, The results of the present model comprise the number densities of the described plasma species, the relative contributions of different production and loss processes for the argon metastable atoms, the thermalization profile of the sputtered copper atoms, the relative importance of the different ionization mechanisms for the copper atoms, the ionization degree of copper, the copper ion-to-argon ion density ratio, and the relative roles of copper ions, argon ions, and atoms in the sputtering process. All these quantities are calculated for a range of voltages and pressures, Moreover, since the sticking coefficient of copper atoms on solid surfaces is not well-known in the literature, the influence of this parameter on the results is briefly discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	A1996VA00300042	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.636	Times cited	57	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:16242			Serial	3775
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.; Goedheer, W.J.
	Title	Two-dimensional model of a direct current glow discharge: description of the electrons, argon ions and fast argon atoms			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1996	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	68	Issue	14	Pages	2296-2303
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	A1996UY08700002	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700;1520-6882;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.636	Times cited	70	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:16241			Serial	3776
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	Author	Zhang, Q.-Z.; Tinck, S.; de Marneffe, J.-F.; Zhang, L.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Mechanisms for plasma cryogenic etching of porous materials			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	111	Issue	17	Pages	173104
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Porous materials are commonly used in microelectronics, as they can meet the demand for continuously shrinking electronic feature dimensions. However, they are facing severe challenges in plasma etching, due to plasma induced damage. In this paper, we present both the plasma characteristics and surface processing during the etching of porous materials. We explain how the damage occurs in the porous material during plasma etching for a wide range of chuck temperatures and the responsible mechanism for plasma damage-free etching at cryogenic temperature, by a combination of experiments and numerical modeling.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000413863400032	Publication Date	2017-10-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	2	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	We acknowledge the support from Marie Skłodowska- Curie actions (Grant Agreement-702604). This work was carried out in part using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of Universiteit Antwerpen, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI), and the University of Antwerp. L. Zhang and J.-F. de Marneffe acknowledge Dr. M. Cooke and A. Goodyear from Oxford Instruments Plasma Technology for processing the samples at their Yatton facility in the United Kingdom.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:147022			Serial	4762
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	Author	Ghimire, B.; Szili, E.J.; Lamichhane, P.; Short, R.D.; Lim, J.S.; Attri, P.; Masur, K.; Weltmann, K.-D.; Hong, S.-H.; Choi, E.H.
	Title	The role of UV photolysis and molecular transport in the generation of reactive species in a tissue model with a cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	114	Issue	9	Pages	093701
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	Cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets (plasma) operated in ambient air provide a rich source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), which are known to influence biological processes important in disease. In the plasma treatment of diseased tissue such as subcutaneous cancer tumors, plasma RONS need to first traverse an interface between the plasma-skin surface and second be transported to millimeter depths in order to reach deep-seated diseased cells. However, the mechanisms in the plasma generation of RONS within soft tissues are not understood. In this study, we track the plasma jet delivery of RONS into a tissue model target and we delineate two processes: through target delivery of RONS generated (primarily) in the plasma jet and in situ RONS generation by UV photolysis within the target. We demonstrate that UV photolysis promotes the rapid generation of RONS in the tissue model target’s surface after which the RONS are transported to millimeter depths via a slower molecular process. Our results imply that the flux of UV photons from plasma jets is important for delivering RONS through seemingly impenetrable barriers such as skin. The findings have implications not only in treatments of living tissues but also in the functionalization of soft hydrated biomaterials such as hydrogels and extracellular matrix derived tissue scaffolds.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000460820600048	Publication Date	2019-03-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	12	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	National Research Foundation of Korea, NRF-2016K1A4A3914113 ; Australian Research Council, DP16010498 ; This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant No. NRF-2016K1A4A3914113 and in part by Kwangwoon University 2018, Korea. E.J.S., S.-H.H., and R.D.S. wish to thank the Australian Research Council for partially supporting this research through Discovery Project No. DP16010498 and UniSA through the Vice Chancellor Development Fund.			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411
	Call Number	PLASMANT @ plasmant @UA @ admin @ c:irua:158111			Serial	5159
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	Author	de Bleecker, K.; Bogaerts, A.; Goedheer, W.
	Title	Aromatic ring generation as a dust precursor in acetylene discharges			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	88	Issue	15	Pages	151501,1-3
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000236796400010	Publication Date	2006-04-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	20	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2006 IF: 3.977
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:57218			Serial	150
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	Author	Martens, T.; Bogaerts, A.; Brok, W.J.M.; van Dijk, J.
	Title	The dominant role of impurities in the composition of high pressure noble gas plasmas			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	92	Issue	4	Pages	041504,1-3
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000252860400026	Publication Date	2008-02-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	115	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2008 IF: 3.726
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:66820			Serial	748
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	Author	Liu, Y.-X.; Zhang, Q.-Z.; Liu, J.; Song, Y.-H.; Bogaerts, A.; Wang, Y.-N.
	Title	Effect of bulk electric field reversal on the bounce resonance heating in dual-frequency capacitively coupled electronegative plasmas			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	101	Issue	11	Pages	114101
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The electron bounce resonance heating (BRH) in dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas operated in oxygen and argon has been studied by different experimental methods. In comparison with the electropositive argon discharge, the BRH in an electronegative discharge occurs at larger electrode gaps. Kinetic particle simulations reveal that in the oxygen discharge, the bulk electric field becomes quite strong and is out of phase with the sheath field. Therefore, it retards the resonant electrons when traversing the bulk, resulting in a suppressed BRH. This effect becomes more pronounced at lower high-frequency power, when the discharge mode changes from electropositive to electronegative.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000309329300094	Publication Date	2012-09-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2012 IF: 3.794
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:100637			Serial	802
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	Author	Neyts, E.; Bogaerts, A.; van de Sanden, M.C.M.
	Title	Effect of hydrogen on the growth of thin hydrogenated amorphous carbon films from thermal energy radicals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	88	Issue		Pages	141922
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000236612000037	Publication Date	2006-04-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	35	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2006 IF: 3.977
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:57642			Serial	817
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	Author	Houssa, M.; Scalise, E.; Sankaran, K.; Pourtois, G.; Afanas'ev, V.V.; Stesmans, A.
	Title	Electronic properties of hydrogenated silicene and germanene			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	98	Issue	22	Pages	223107
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The electronic properties of hydrogenated silicene and germanene, so called silicane and germanane, respectively, are investigated using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. Two different atomic configurations are found to be stable and energetically degenerate. Upon the adsorption of hydrogen, an energy gap opens in silicene and germanene. Their energy gaps are next computed using the HSE hybrid functional as well as the G(0)W(0) many-body perturbation method. These materials are found to be wide band-gap semiconductors, the type of gap in silicane (direct or indirect) depending on its atomic configuration. Germanane is predicted to be a direct-gap material, independent of its atomic configuration, with an average energy gap of about 3.2 eV, this material thus being potentially interesting for optoelectronic applications in the blue/violet spectral range. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3595682]
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000291405700057	Publication Date	2011-06-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	63	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2011 IF: 3.844
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:105586			Serial	1003
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	Author	Houssa, M.; Pourtois, G.; Afanas'ev, V.V.; Stesmans, A.
	Title	Electronic properties of two-dimensional hexagonal germanium			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	96	Issue	8	Pages	082111,1-082111,3
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	The electronic properties of two-dimensional hexagonal germanium, so called germanene, are investigated using first-principles simulations. Consistent with previous reports, the surface is predicted to have a poor metallic behavior, i.e., being metallic with a low density of states at the Fermi level. It is found that biaxial compressively strained germanene is a gapless semiconductor with linear energy dispersions near the K pointslike graphene. The calculated Fermi velocity of germanene is almost independent of the strain and is about 1.7×10<sup>6</sup> m/s, quite comparable to the value in graphene.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000275027200044	Publication Date	2010-02-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	86	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2010 IF: 3.841
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:91716			Serial	1004
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	Author	Yusupov, M.; Bultinck, E.; Depla, D.; Bogaerts, A.
	Title	Elucidating the asymmetric behavior of the discharge in a dual magnetron sputter deposition system			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	98	Issue	13	Pages	131502-131502,3
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract	A magnetron discharge is characterized by drifts of the charged particles guiding center, caused by the magnetic field, in contrast to unmagnetized discharges. Because of these drifts, a pronounced asymmetry of the discharge can be observed in a dual magnetron setup. In this work, it is found that the shape of the discharge in a dual magnetron configuration depends on the magnetic field configuration. In a closed configuration, strong drifts were observed in one preferential direction, whereas in a mirror configuration the deflection of the discharge was not so pronounced. Our calculations confirm experimental observations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000289153600017	Publication Date	2011-04-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2011 IF: 3.844
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87867			Serial	1026
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