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	Author	Roelandts, T.; Batenburg, K.J.; Biermans, E.; Kübel, C.; Bals, S.; Sijbers, J.
	Title	Accurate segmentation of dense nanoparticles by partially discrete electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	114	Issue		Pages	96-105
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Accurate segmentation of nanoparticles within various matrix materials is a difficult problem in electron tomography. Due to artifacts related to image series acquisition and reconstruction, global thresholding of reconstructions computed by established algorithms, such as weighted backprojection or SIRT, may result in unreliable and subjective segmentations. In this paper, we introduce the Partially Discrete Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (PDART) for computing accurate segmentations of dense nanoparticles of constant composition. The particles are segmented directly by the reconstruction algorithm, while the surrounding regions are reconstructed using continuously varying gray levels. As no properties are assumed for the other compositions of the sample, the technique can be applied to any sample where dense nanoparticles must be segmented, regardless of the surrounding compositions. For both experimental and simulated data, it is shown that PDART yields significantly more accurate segmentations than those obtained by optimal global thresholding of the SIRT reconstruction.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000301954300011	Publication Date	2012-01-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	34	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2012 IF: 2.470
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:97710			Serial	52
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Wang, H.; Cuppens, J.; Biermans, E.; Bals, S.; Fernandez-Ballester, L.; Kvashnina, K.O.; Bras, W.; van Bael, M.J.; Temst, K.; Vantomme, A.
	Title	Tuning of the size and the lattice parameter of ion-beam synthesized Pb nanoparticles embedded in Si			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Journal of physics: D: applied physics	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys D Appl Phys
	Volume	45	Issue	3	Pages	035301-035301,7
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The size and lattice constant evolution of Pb nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by high fluence implantation in crystalline Si have been studied with a variety of experimental techniques. Results obtained from small-angle x-ray scattering showed that the Pb NPs grow with increasing implantation fluence and annealing duration. The theory of NP growth kinetics can be applied to qualitatively explain the size evolution of the Pb NPs during the implantation and annealing processes. Moreover, the lattice constant of the Pb NPs was evaluated by conventional x-ray diffraction. The lattice dilatation was observed to decrease with increasing size of the Pb NPs. Such lattice constant tuning can be attributed to the pseudomorphism caused by the lattice mismatch between the Pb NPs and the Si matrix.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000299308400008	Publication Date	2011-12-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-3727;1361-6463;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.588	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.588; 2012 IF: 2.528
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:94208			Serial	3754
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	Author	Ustarroz, J.; Ke, X.; Hubin, A.; Bals, S.; Terryn, H.
	Title	New insights into the early stages of nanoparticle electrodeposition			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	The journal of physical chemistry: C : nanomaterials and interfaces	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys Chem C
	Volume	116	Issue	3	Pages	2322-2329
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Electrodeposition is an increasingly important method to synthesize supported nanoparticles, yet the early stages of electrochemical nanoparticle formation are not perfectly understood. In this paper, the early stages of silver nanoparticle electrodeposition on carbon substrates have been studied by aberration-corrected TEM, using carbon-coated TEM grids as electrochemical electrodes. In this manner we have access to as-deposited nanoparticle size distribution and structural characterization at the atomic scale combined with electrochemical measurements, which represents a breakthrough in a full understanding of the nanoparticle electrodeposition mechanisms. Whereas classical models, based upon characterization at the nanoscale, assume that electrochemical growth is only driven by direct attachment, the results reported hereafter indicate that early nanoparticle growth is mostly driven by nanocluster surface movement and aggregation. Hence, we conclude that electrochemical nulceation and growth models should be revised and that an electrochemical aggregative growth mechanism should be considered in the early stages of nanoparticle electrodeposition.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000299584400037	Publication Date	2011-12-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1932-7447;1932-7455;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.536	Times cited	104	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.536; 2012 IF: 4.814
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:96225			Serial	2316
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	Author	Casavola, M.; van Huis, M.A.; Bals, S.; Lambert, K.; Hens, Z.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.
	Title	Anisotropic cation exchange in PbSe/CdSe core/shell nanocrystals of different geometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Mater
	Volume	24	Issue	2	Pages	294-302
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We present a study of Cd2+-for-Pb2+ exchange in PbSe nanocrystals (NCs) with cube, star, and rod shapes. Prolonged temperature-activated cation exchange results in PbSe/CdSe heterostructured nanocrystals (HNCs) that preserve their specific overall shape, whereas the PbSe core is strongly faceted with dominance of {111} facets. Hence, cation exchange proceeds while the Se anion lattice is preserved, and well-defined {111}/{111} PbSe/CdSe interfaces develop. Interestingly, by quenching the reaction at different stages of the cation exchange new structures have been isolated, such as coreshell nanorods, CdSe rods that contain one or two separated PbSe dots and fully zinc blende CdSe nanorods. The crystallographically anisotropic cation exchange has been characterized by a combined HRTEM/HAADF-STEM study of heterointerface evolution over reaction time and temperature. Strikingly, Pb and Cd are only intermixed at the PbSe/CdSe interface. We propose a plausible model for the cation exchange based on a layer-by-layer replacement of Pb2+ by Cd2+ enabled by a vacancy-assisted cation migration mechanism.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000299367500008	Publication Date	2011-11-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0897-4756;1520-5002;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.466	Times cited	136	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.466; 2012 IF: 8.238
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:94211			Serial	124
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	Author	Goris, B.; van den Broek, W.; Batenburg, K.J.; Heidari Mezerji, H.; Bals, S.
	Title	Electron tomography based on a total variation minimization reconstruction technique			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	113	Issue		Pages	120-130
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	The 3D reconstruction of a tilt series for electron tomography is mostly carried out using the weighted backprojection (WBP) algorithm or using one of the iterative algorithms such as the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT). However, it is known that these reconstruction algorithms cannot compensate for the missing wedge. Here, we apply a new reconstruction algorithm for electron tomography, which is based on compressive sensing. This is a field in image processing specialized in finding a sparse solution or a solution with a sparse gradient to a set of ill-posed linear equations. Therefore, it can be applied to electron tomography where the reconstructed objects often have a sparse gradient at the nanoscale. Using a combination of different simulated and experimental datasets, it is shown that missing wedge artefacts are reduced in the final reconstruction. Moreover, it seems that the reconstructed datasets have a higher fidelity and are easier to segment in comparison to reconstructions obtained by more conventional iterative algorithms.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000300554400006	Publication Date	2011-11-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	171	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2012 IF: 2.470
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93637			Serial	987
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	Author	Batenburg, K.J.; Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; Roelandts, T.; Sijbers, J.
	Title	Ultra-high resolution electron tomography for materials science : a roadmap			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	17	Issue	S:2	Pages	934-935
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2011-10-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2011 IF: 3.007
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:96554			Serial	3792
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	Author	Smeulders, G.; van Oers, C.; Van Havenbergh, K.; Houthoofd, K.; Mertens, M.; Martens, J.A.; Bals, S.; Maes, B.U.W.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.
	Title	Smart heating profiles for the synthesis of benzene bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	175	Issue		Pages	585-591
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Organic synthesis (ORSY)
	Abstract	In this study the effects of the heating rate and heating time on the formation of crystal-like benzene bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) are investigated. The time needed to heat up an autoclave during the hydrothermal treatment has shown to be crucial in the synthesis of PMOs, while the total duration of heating gave rise to only minor differences. By choosing a smart heating profile, superior PMO materials can be obtained in a short time. Different heating profiles in a range from one minute to one hour are adopted by microwave equipment and compared with conventional heating methods. The heating rate has a large influence on the porosity characteristics and the uniformity of the obtained particles. Moreover, two new alternative synthetic strategies to adopt the smart heating profile are presented, in order to give some possible solutions for the expensive microwave equipment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lausanne	Editor
	Language		Wos	000297875900069	Publication Date	2011-10-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Goa-Bof			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216; 2011 IF: 3.461
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93630			Serial	3044
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	Author	Bals, S.; Casavola, M.; van Huis, M.A.; Van Aert, S.; Batenburg, K.J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.
	Title	Three-dimensional atomic imaging of colloidal core-shell nanocrystals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Nano letters	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett
	Volume	11	Issue	8	Pages	3420-3424
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Colloidal coreshell semiconductor nanocrystals form an important class of optoelectronic materials, in which the exciton wave functions can be tailored by the atomic configuration of the core, the interfacial layers, and the shell. Here, we provide a trustful 3D characterization at the atomic scale of a free-standing PbSe(core)CdSe(shell) nanocrystal by combining electron microscopy and discrete tomography. Our results yield unique insights for understanding the process of cation exchange, which is widely employed in the synthesis of coreshell nanocrystals. The study that we present is generally applicable to the broad range of colloidal heteronanocrystals that currently emerge as a new class of materials with technological importance.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington	Editor
	Language		Wos	000293665600062	Publication Date	2011-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1530-6984;1530-6992;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.712	Times cited	121	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.712; 2011 IF: 13.198
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:91263			Serial	3643
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	Author	Leroux, O.; Leroux, F.; Bagniewska-Zadworna,.; Knox, J.P.; Claeys, M.; Bals, S.; Viane, R.L.L.
	Title	Ultrastructure and composition of cell wall appositions in the roots of Asplenium (Polypodiales)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Micron	Abbreviated Journal	Micron
	Volume	42	Issue	8	Pages	863-870
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Cell wall appositions (CWAs), formed by the deposition of extra wall material at the contact site with microbial organisms, are an integral part of the response of plants to microbial challenge. Detailed histological studies of CWAs in fern roots do not exist. Using light and electron microscopy we examined the (ultra)structure of CWAs in the outer layers of roots of Asplenium species. All cell walls studded with CWAs were impregnated with yellow-brown pigments. CWAs had different shapes, ranging from warts to elongated branched structures, as observed with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Ultrastructural study further showed that infecting fungi grow intramurally and that they are immobilized by CWAs when attempting to penetrate intracellularly. Immunolabelling experiments using monoclonal antibodies indicated pectic homogalacturonan, xyloglucan, mannan and cellulose in the CWAs, but tests for lignins and callose were negative. We conclude that these appositions are defense-related structures made of a non-lignified polysaccharide matrix on which phenolic compounds are deposited in order to create a barrier protecting the root against infections.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000294942600013	Publication Date	2011-06-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0968-4328;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.98	Times cited	20	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.98; 2011 IF: 1.527
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:92540			Serial	3798
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	Author	Boschker, H.; Huijben, M.; Vailinois, A.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Aert, S.; Luysberg, M.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Houwman, E.P.; Koster, G.; Blank, D.H.A.; Rijnders, G.
	Title	Optimized fabrication of high-quality La_0.67Sr_0.33MnO₃ thin films considering all essential characteristics			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Journal of physics: D: applied physics	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys D Appl Phys
	Volume	44	Issue	20	Pages	205001-205001,9
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In this paper, an overview of the fabrication and properties of high-quality La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) thin films is given. A high-quality LSMO film combines a smooth surface morphology with a large magnetization and a small residual resistivity, while avoiding precipitates and surface segregation. In the literature, typically only a few of these issues are adressed. We therefore present a thorough characterization of our films, which were grown by pulsed laser deposition. The films were characterized with reflection high energy electron diffraction, atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, magnetization and transport measurements, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The films have a saturation magnetization of 4.0 µB/Mn, a Curie temperature of 350 K and a residual resistivity of 60 µΩ cm. These results indicate that high-quality films, combining both large magnetization and small residual resistivity, were realized. A comparison between different samples presented in the literature shows that focussing on a single property is insufficient for the optimization of the deposition process. For high-quality films, all properties have to be adressed. For LSMO devices, the thin-film quality is crucial for the device performance. Therefore, this research is important for the application of LSMO in devices.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000290150900001	Publication Date	2011-04-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-3727;1361-6463;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.588	Times cited	99	Open Access
	Notes	This research was financially supported by the Dutch Science Foundation, by NanoNed, a nanotechnology program of the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs, and by the NanOxide program of the European Science Foundation. This work is supported in part by the Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering, under contract DE-AC02-76SF00515.			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.588; 2011 IF: 2.544
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89557UA @ admin @ c:irua:89557			Serial	2491
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	Author	Molina, L.; Tan, H.; Biermans, E.; Batenburg, K.J.; Verbeeck, J.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Barrier efficiency of sponge-like La₂Zr₂O₇ buffer layers for YBCO-coated conductors			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Superconductor science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Supercond Sci Tech
	Volume	24	Issue	6	Pages	065019-065019,8
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Solution derived La2Zr2O7 films have drawn much attention for potential applications as thermal barriers or low-cost buffer layers for coated conductor technology. Annealing and coating parameters strongly affect the microstructure of La2Zr2O7, but different film processing methods can yield similar microstructural features such as nanovoids and nanometer-sized La2Zr2O7 grains. Nanoporosity is a typical feature found in such films and the implications for the functionality of the films are investigated by a combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and quantitative electron tomography. Chemical solution based La2Zr2O7 films deposited on flexible Ni5 at.%W substrates with a {100}lang001rang biaxial texture were prepared for an in-depth characterization. A sponge-like structure composed of nanometer-sized voids is revealed by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy in combination with electron tomography. A three-dimensional quantification of nanovoids in the La2Zr2O7 film is obtained on a local scale. Mostly non-interconnected highly faceted nanovoids compromise more than one-fifth of the investigated sample volume. The diffusion barrier efficiency of a 170 nm thick La2Zr2O7 film is investigated by STEM-EELS, yielding a 1.8 ± 0.2 nm oxide layer beyond which no significant nickel diffusion can be detected and intermixing is observed. This is of particular significance for the functionality of YBa2Cu3O7 − δ coated conductor architectures based on solution derived La2Zr2O7 films as diffusion barriers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000290472900021	Publication Date	2011-04-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0953-2048;1361-6668;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.878	Times cited	31	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.878; 2011 IF: 2.662
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88639UA @ admin @ c:irua:88639			Serial	221
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	Author	Martens, J.A.; Thybaut, J.W.; Denayer, J.F.M.; Sree, S.P.; Aerts, A.; Reyniers, M.-F.; van Speybroeck, V.; Waroquier, M.; Buekenhoudt, A.; Vankelecom, I.; Buijs, W.; Persoons, J.; Baron, G.V.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Marin, G.B.; Jacobs, P.A.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.
	Title	Catalytic and molecular separation properties of Zeogrids and Zeotiles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Catalysis today	Abbreviated Journal	Catal Today
	Volume	168	Issue	1	Pages	17-27
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Zeogrids and Zeotiles are hierarchical materials built from assembled MFI zeolite precursor units. Permanent secondary porosity in these materials is obtained through self assembly of nanoparticles encountered in MFI zeolite synthesis in the presence of supramolecular templates. Hereon, the aggregated species are termed nanoslabs. Zeogrids are layered materials with lateral spacings between nanoslabs creating galleries qualifying as supermicropores. Zeotiles present a diversity of tridimensional nanoslab assemblies with mesopores. Zeotile-1, -4 and -6 are hexagonal mesostructures. Zeotile-1 has triangular and hexagonal channels; Zeotile-4 has hexagonal channels interconnected via slits. Zeotile-2 has a cubic structure with gyroid type mesoporosity. The behavior of Zeogrids and Zeotiles in adsorption, membrane and chromatographic separation and catalysis has been characterized and compared with zeolites and mesoporous materials derived from unstructured silica sources. Shape selectivity was detected via adsorption of n- and iso-alkanes. The mesoporosity of Zeotiles can be exploited in chromatographic separation of biomolecules. Zeotiles present attractive separation properties relevant to CO2 sequestration. Because of its facile synthesis procedure without hydrothermal steps Zeogrid is convenient for membrane synthesis. The performance of Zeogrid membrane in gas separation, nanofiltration and pervaporation is reported. In the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime Zeogrids and Zeotiles display a catalytic activity characteristic of silicalite-1 zeolites. Introduction of acidity and redox catalytic activity can be achieved via incorporation of Al and Ti atoms in the nanoslabs during synthesis. Zeogrids are active in hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, alkylation and epoxidation reactions. Zeogrids and Zeotiles often behave differently from ordered mesoporous materials as well as from zeolites and present a valuable extension of the family of hierarchical silicate based materials.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000291033300003	Publication Date	2011-03-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0920-5861;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.636	Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap Sbo			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.636; 2011 IF: 3.407
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88647			Serial	290
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	Author	Goris, B.; Bals, S.; van den Broek, W.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Exploring different inelastic projection mechanisms for electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	111	Issue	8	Pages	1262-1267
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Several different projection mechanisms that all make use of inelastically scattered electrons are used for electron tomography. The advantages and the disadvantages of these methods are compared to HAADFSTEM tomography, which is considered as the standard electron tomography technique in materials science. The different inelastic setups used are energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM), thickness mapping based on the log-ratio method and bulk plasmon mapping. We present a comparison that can be used to select the best inelastic signal for tomography, depending on different parameters such as the beam stability and nature of the sample. The appropriate signal will obviously also depend on the exact information which is requested.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000300461100039	Publication Date	2011-03-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	21	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap; Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2011 IF: 2.471
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:91260UA @ admin @ c:irua:91260			Serial	1151
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	Author	Heidari Mezerji, H.; van den Broek, W.; Bals, S.
	Title	A practical method to determine the effective resolution in incoherent experimental electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	111	Issue	5	Pages	330-336
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	It is not straightforward to determine resolution for a 3D reconstruction when performing an electron tomography experiment. Different contributions such as missing wedge and misalignment add up and often influence the final resolution in an anisotropic manner. The conventional resolution measures can not be used for all of the reconstruction techniques, especially for iterative techniques which are more commonly used for electron tomography in materials science. Here we define a quantitative resolution measure that determines the resolution in three orthogonal directions of the reconstruction. As an application we use this measure to determine the optimum number of simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) iterations to reconstruct the gold nanoparticles, based on a high angle annular dark field STEM (HAADF-STEM) tilt series.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000289396900005	Publication Date	2011-01-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2011 IF: 2.471
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87606			Serial	2688
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	Author	Aerts, A.; Follens, L.R.A.; Biermans, E.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Loppinet, B.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.; Martens, J.A.
	Title	Modelling of synchrotron SAXS patterns of silicalite-1 zeolite during crystallization			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Physical chemistry, chemical physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Chem Chem Phys
	Volume	13	Issue	10	Pages	4318-4325
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to characterize silicalite-1 zeolite crystallization from TEOS/TPAOH/water clear sol. SAXS patterns were recorded over a broad range of length scales, enabling the simultaneous monitoring of nanoparticles and crystals occurring at various stages of the synthesis. A simple two-population model accurately described the patterns. Nanoparticles were modeled by polydisperse coreshell spheres and crystals by monodisperse oblate ellipsoids. These models were consistent with TEM images. The SAXS results, in conjunction with in situ light scattering, showed that nucleation of crystals occurred in a short period of time. Crystals were uniform in size and shape and became increasingly anisotropic during growth. In the presence of nanoparticles, crystal growth was fast. During crystal growth, the number of nanoparticles decreased gradually but their size was constant. These observations suggested that the nanoparticles were growth units in an aggregative crystal growth mechanism. Crystals grown in the presence of nanoparticles developed a faceted habit and intergrowths. In the final stages of growth, nanoparticles were depleted. Concurrently, the crystal growth rate decreased significantly.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000287584700017	Publication Date	2011-01-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1463-9076;1463-9084;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.123	Times cited	22	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap; Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.123; 2011 IF: 3.573
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87602			Serial	2155
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	Author	Li, Y.; Tan, H.; Yang, X.-Y.; Goris, B.; Verbeeck, J.; Bals, S.; Colson, P.; Cloots, R.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Su, B.-L.
	Title	Well shaped Mn₃O₄ nano-octahedra with anomalous magnetic behavior and enhanced photodecomposition properties			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Small	Abbreviated Journal	Small
	Volume	7	Issue	4	Pages	475-483
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Very uniform and well shaped Mn3O4 nano-octahedra are synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method under the help of polyethylene glycol (PEG200) as a reductant and shape-directing agent. The nano-octahedra formation mechanism is monitored. The shape and crystal orientation of the nanoparticles is reconstructed by scanning electron microscopy and electron tomography, which reveals that the nano-octahedra only selectively expose {101} facets at the external surfaces. The magnetic testing demonstrates that the Mn3O4 nano-octahedra exhibit anomalous magnetic properties: the Mn3O4 nano-octahedra around 150 nm show a similar Curie temperature and blocking temperature to Mn3O4 nanoparticles with 10 nm size because of the vertical axis of [001] plane and the exposed {101} facets. With these Mn3O4 nano-octahedra as a catalyst, the photodecomposition of rhodamine B is evaluated and it is found that the photodecomposition activity of Mn3O4 nano-octahedra is much superior to that of commercial Mn3O4 powders. The anomalous magnetic properties and high superior photodecomposition activity of well shaped Mn3O4 nano-octahedra should be related to the special shape of the nanoparticles and the abundantly exposed {101} facets at the external surfaces. Therefore, the shape preference can largely broaden the application of the Mn3O4 nano-octahedra.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000288080400008	Publication Date	2011-01-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1613-6810;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.643	Times cited	131	Open Access
	Notes	This work was realized in the frame of an Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program (Inanomat-P6/17)-Belgian State-Belgian Science Policy and the project “Redugaz”, financially supported by the European community and the Wallon government in the frame of Interreg IV (France-Wallonie). B. L. S. acknowledges the Chinese Central Government for an “Expert of the State” position in the program of “Thousand talents” and the Chinese Ministry of Education for a Changjiang Scholar position at the Wuhan University of Technology. H. T. acknowledges the financial support from FWO-Vlaanderen (Project nr. G.0147.06). J.V. thanks the financial support from the European Union under Framework 6 program for Integrated Infrastructure Initiative, Reference 026019 ESTEEM.			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.643; 2011 IF: 8.349
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87908			Serial	3914
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	Author	Biermans, E.; Molina, L.; Batenburg, K.J.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Measuring porosity at the nanoscale by quantitative electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Nano letters	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett
	Volume	10	Issue	12	Pages	5014-5019
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Quantitative electron tomography is proposed to characterize porous materials at a nanoscale. To achieve reliable three-dimensional (3D) quantitative information, the influence of missing wedge artifacts and segmentation methods is investigated. We are presenting the Discrete Algebraic Reconstruction Algorithm as the most adequate tomography method to measure porosity at the nanoscale. It provides accurate 3D quantitative information, regardless the presence of a missing wedge. As an example, we applied our approach to nanovoids in La2Zr2O7 thin films.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington	Editor
	Language		Wos	000284990900040	Publication Date	2010-11-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1530-6984;1530-6992;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.712	Times cited	79	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.712; 2010 IF: 12.219
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87658			Serial	1967
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	Author	Ustarroz, J.; Gupta, U.; Hubin, A.; Bals, S.; Terryn, H.
	Title	Electrodeposition of Ag nanoparticles onto carbon coated TEM grids : a direct approach to study early stages of nucleation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Electrochemistry communications	Abbreviated Journal	Electrochem Commun
	Volume	12	Issue	12	Pages	1706-1709
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	An innovative experimental approach to study the electrodeposition of small nanoparticles and the early stages of electrochemical nucleation and growth is presented. Carbon coated gold TEM grids are used as substrates for the electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles so that electrochemical data, FESEM, HAADFSTEM and HRTEM data can be acquired from the same sample without the need to remove the particles from the substrate. It is shown that the real distribution of nanoparticles cannot be resolved by FESEM whereas HAADFSTEM analysis confirms that a distribution of small nanoparticles (d ≈ 12 nm) coexist with large nanoparticles corresponding to a bimodal size distribution. Besides, particles grown under the same conditions have been found to present different structures such as monocrystals, polycrystals or aggregates of smaller particles.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000285904700010	Publication Date	2010-10-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1388-2481;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.396	Times cited	52	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.396; 2010 IF: 4.287
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87612			Serial	900
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	Author	Leroux, F.; Gysemans, M.; Bals, S.; Batenburg, K.J.; Snauwaert, J.; Verbiest, T.; van Haesendonck, C.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Three-dimensional characterization of helical silver nanochains mediated by protein assemblies			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Advanced materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Mater
	Volume	22	Issue	19	Pages	2193-2197
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Characterization methods for the structural investigation of biotemplates for nanodevices remain widely unexplored, despite the fact that biotemplating methods for nanodevice fabrication are becoming more widespread. In this study several techniques are used to characterize the morphology and 3D distribution of silver nanoparticles deposited on insulin fibrils.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000278601400016	Publication Date	2010-03-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0935-9648;1521-4095;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	19.791	Times cited	51	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 19.791; 2010 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:83296			Serial	3645
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	Author	Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Cott, D.; Hantschel, T.; Bender, H.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Three-dimensional analysis of carbon nanotube networks in interconnects by electron tomography without missing wedge artifacts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	16	Issue	2	Pages	210-217
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The three-dimensional (3D) distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown inside semiconductor contact holes is studied by electron tomography. The use of a specialized tomography holder results in an angular tilt range of ±90°, which means that the so-called missing wedge is absent. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample for this purpose consists of a micropillar that is prepared by a dedicated procedure using the focused ion beam (FIB) but keeping the CNTs intact. The 3D results are combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to study the relation between the CNTs and the catalyst particles used during their growth. The reconstruction, based on the full range of tilt angles, is compared with a reconstruction where a missing wedge is present. This clearly illustates that the missing wedge will lead to an unreliable interpretation and will limit quantitative studies
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000276137200011	Publication Date	2010-02-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited	42	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo; Iap-Vi			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2010 IF: 3.259
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82279			Serial	3642
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	Author	Verbeeck, J.; Bals, S.; Lamoen, D.; Luysberg, M.; Huijben, M.; Rijnders, G.; Brinkman, A.; Hilgenkamp, H.; Blank, D.H.A.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Electronic reconstruction at n-type SrTiO₃/LaAlO₃ interfaces			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev B
	Volume	81	Issue	8	Pages	085113,1-085113,6
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) is used to investigate single layers of LaAlO3 grown on SrTiO3 having an n-type interface as well as multilayers of LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 in which both n- and p-type interfaces occur. Only minor changes in Ti valence at the n-type interface are observed. This finding seems to contradict earlier experiments for other SrTiO3/LaAlO3 systems where large deviations in Ti valency were assumed to be responsible for the conductivity of these interfaces. Ab initio calculations have been carried out in order to interpret our EELS results. Using the concept of Bader charges, it is demonstrated that the so-called polar discontinuity is mainly resolved by lattice distortions and to a far lesser extent by changes in valency for both single layer and multilayer geometries.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000275053300040	Publication Date	2010-02-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1098-0121;1550-235X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.836	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.836; 2010 IF: 3.774
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:81768UA @ admin @ c:irua:81768			Serial	1005
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	Author	Turner, S.; Tavernier, S.M.F.; Huyberechts, G.; Bals, S.; Batenburg, K.J.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Assisted spray pyrolysis production and characterisation of ZnO nanoparticles with narrow size distribution			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Journal of nanoparticle research	Abbreviated Journal	J Nanopart Res
	Volume	12	Issue	2	Pages	615-622
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Nano-sized ZnO particles with a narrow size distribution and high crystallinity were prepared from aqueous solutions with high concentrations of Zn2+ containing salts and citric acid in a conventional spray pyrolysis setup. Structure, morphology and size of the produced material were compared to ZnO material produced by simple spray pyrolysis of zinc nitrates in the same experimental setup. Using transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography it has been shown that citric acid-assisted spray pyrolysed material is made up of micron sized secondary particles comprising a shell of lightly agglomerated, monocrystalline primary ZnO nanoparticles with sizes in the 2030 nm range, separable by a simple ultrasonic treatment step.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	S.l.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000275318700025	Publication Date	2009-04-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1388-0764;1572-896X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.02	Times cited	27	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.02; 2010 IF: 3.253
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:81771			Serial	156
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	Author	di Vece, M.; Bals, S.; Lievens, P.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Compositional changes of Pd-Au bimetallic nanoclusters upon hydrogenation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Physical review : B : solid state	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev B
	Volume	80	Issue	12	Pages	125420,1-125420,4
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Changes in the size distribution and composition of bimetallic Pd-Au nanoclusters have been observed after hydrogen exposure. This effect is caused by hydrogen-induced Ostwald ripening whereby the hydrogen reduces the binding energy of the cluster atoms leading to their detachment from the cluster. The composition changes due to a difference in mobility of the detached palladium and gold atoms on the surface. Fast palladium atoms contribute to the formation of larger nanoclusters, while the slower gold atoms are confined to the smaller nanoclusters. These transformations in the Pd-Au nanocluster size and composition set a limit for chemical reactions in which such nanoclusters are involved together with hydrogen.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lancaster, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000270383300121	Publication Date	2009-09-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1098-0121;1550-235X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.836	Times cited	28	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Goa; Iap-Vi; Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.836; 2009 IF: 3.475
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:79232			Serial	445
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	Author	Van Aert, S.; Verbeeck, J.; Bals, S.; Erni, R.; van Dyck, D.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Atomic resolution mapping using quantitative high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	15	Issue	S:2	Pages	464-465
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000208119100230	Publication Date	2009-07-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2009 IF: 3.035
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:96555UA @ admin @ c:irua:96555			Serial	178
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	Author	Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Romo Negreira, A.; Hantschel, T.; Bender, H.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	TEM sample preparation by FIB for carbon nanotube interconnects			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	109	Issue	11	Pages	1353-1359
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A powerful method to study carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown in patterned substrates for potential interconnects applications is transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, high-quality TEM samples are necessary for such a study. Here, TEM specimen preparation by focused ion beam (FIB) has been used to obtain lamellae of patterned samples containing CNTs grown inside contact holes. A dual-cap Pt protection layer and an extensive 5 kV cleaning procedure are applied in order to preserve the CNTs and avoid deterioration during milling. TEM results show that the inner shell structure of the carbon nanotubes has been preserved, which proves that focused ion beam is a useful technique to prepare TEM samples of CNT interconnects.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000270765800006	Publication Date	2009-07-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	21	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Iap			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2009 IF: 2.067
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:79074			Serial	3485
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	Author	Van Aert, S.; Verbeeck, J.; Erni, R.; Bals, S.; Luysberg, M.; van Dyck, D.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Quantitative atomic resolution mapping using high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	109	Issue	10	Pages	1236-1244
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	A model-based method is proposed to relatively quantify the chemical composition of atomic columns using high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images. The method is based on a quantification of the total intensity of the scattered electrons for the individual atomic columns using statistical parameter estimation theory. In order to apply this theory, a model is required describing the image contrast of the HAADF STEM images. Therefore, a simple, effective incoherent model has been assumed which takes the probe intensity profile into account. The scattered intensities can then be estimated by fitting this model to an experimental HAADF STEM image. These estimates are used as a performance measure to distinguish between different atomic column types and to identify the nature of unknown columns with good accuracy and precision using statistical hypothesis testing. The reliability of the method is supported by means of simulated HAADF STEM images as well as a combination of experimental images and electron energy-loss spectra. It is experimentally shown that statistically meaningful information on the composition of individual columns can be obtained even if the difference in averaged atomic number Z is only 3. Using this method, quantitative mapping at atomic resolution using HAADF STEM images only has become possible without the need of simultaneously recorded electron energy loss spectra.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000270015200004	Publication Date	2009-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	166	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2009 IF: 2.067
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:78585UA @ admin @ c:irua:78585			Serial	2748
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	Author	Lisiecki, I.; Turner, S.; Bals, S.; Pileni, M.P.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	The remarkable and intriguing resistance to oxidation of 2D ordered hcp Co nanocrystals: a new intrinsic property			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Mater
	Volume	21	Issue	12	Pages	2335-2338
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000267049200001	Publication Date	2009-05-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0897-4756;1520-5002;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.466	Times cited	28	Open Access
	Notes	Iap-Vi; Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.466; 2009 IF: 5.368
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:77887			Serial	2867
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	Author	Bals, S.; Batenburg, K.J.; Liang, D.; Lebedev, O.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Aerts, A.; Martens, J.A.; Kirschhock, C.E.
	Title	Quantitative three-dimensional modeling of zeotile through discrete electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Journal of the American Chemical Society	Abbreviated Journal	J Am Chem Soc
	Volume	131	Issue	13	Pages	4769-4773
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Discrete electron tomography is a new approach for three-dimensional reconstruction of nanoscale objects. The technique exploits prior knowledge of the object to be reconstructed, which results in an improvement of the quality of the reconstructions. Through the combination of conventional transmission electron microscopy and discrete electron tomography with a model-based approach, quantitative structure determination becomes possible. In the present work, this approach is used to unravel the building scheme of Zeotile-4, a silica material with two levels of structural order. The layer sequence of slab-shaped building units could be identified. Successive layers were found to be related by a rotation of 120°, resulting in a hexagonal space group. The Zeotile-4 material is a demonstration of the concept of successive structuring of silica at two levels. At the first level, the colloid chemical properties of Silicalite-1 precursors are exploited to create building units with a slablike geometry. At the second level, the slablike units are tiled using a triblock copolymer to serve as a mesoscale structuring agent.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000264806300050	Publication Date	2009-03-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0002-7863;1520-5126;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.858	Times cited	58	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap; Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.858; 2009 IF: 8.580
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:76393			Serial	2767
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	Author	Werner, R.; Raisch, C.; Leca, V.; Ion, V.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Chasse, T.; Kleiner, R.; Koelle, D.
	Title	Transport, magnetic, and structural properties of La_0.7Ce_0.3MnO₃ thin films: evidence for hole-doping			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Physical review : B : solid state	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev B
	Volume	79	Issue	5	Pages	054416,1-054416,8
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Cerium-doped manganite thin films were grown epitaxially by pulsed laser deposition at 720 °C and oxygen pressure pO2=125 Pa and were subjected to different annealing steps. According to x-ray diffraction (XRD) data, the formation of CeO2 as a secondary phase could be avoided for pO28 Pa. However, transmission electron microscopy shows the presence of CeO2 nanoclusters even in those films which appear to be single phase in XRD. With O2 annealing, the metal-to-insulator transition temperature increases, while the saturation magnetization decreases and stays well below the theoretical value for electron-doped La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 with mixed Mn3+/Mn2+ valences. The same trend is observed with decreasing film thickness from 100 to 20 nm, indicating a higher oxygen content for thinner films. Hall measurements on a film which shows a metal-to-insulator transition clearly reveal holes as dominating charge carriers. Combining data from x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, for determination of the oxygen content, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), for determination of the hole concentration and cation valences, we find that with increasing oxygen content the hole concentration increases and Mn valences are shifted from 2+ to 4+. The dominating Mn valences in the films are Mn3+ and Mn4+, and only a small amount of Mn2+ ions can be observed by XAS. Mn2+ and Ce4+ XAS signals obtained in surface-sensitive total electron yield mode are strongly reduced in the bulk-sensitive fluorescence mode, which indicates hole-doping in the bulk for those films which do show a metal-to-insulator transition.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lancaster, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000263815400057	Publication Date	2009-02-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1098-0121;1550-235X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.836	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.836; 2009 IF: 3.475
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:76221			Serial	3725
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Batenburg, K.J.; Bals, S.; Sijbers, J.; Kübel, C.; Midgley, P.A.; Hernandez, J.C.; Kaiser, U.; Encina, E.R.; Coronado, E.A.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	3D imaging of nanomaterials by discrete tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	109	Issue	6	Pages	730-740
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	The field of discrete tomography focuses on the reconstruction of samples that consist of only a few different materials. Ideally, a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of such a sample should contain only one grey level for each of the compositions in the sample. By exploiting this property in the reconstruction algorithm, either the quality of the reconstruction can be improved significantly, or the number of required projection images can be reduced. The discrete reconstruction typically contains fewer artifacts and does not have to be segmented, as it already contains one grey level for each composition. Recently, a new algorithm, called discrete algebraic reconstruction technique (DART), has been proposed that can be used effectively on experimental electron tomography datasets. In this paper, we propose discrete tomography as a general reconstruction method for electron tomography in materials science. We describe the basic principles of DART and show that it can be applied successfully to three different types of samples, consisting of embedded ErSi2 nanocrystals, a carbon nanotube grown from a catalyst particle and a single gold nanoparticle, respectively.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000265816400005	Publication Date	2009-02-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	220	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2009 IF: 2.067
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:74665 c:irua:74665			Serial	12
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