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Author | Garzia Trulli, M.; Claes, N.; Pype, J.; Bals, S.; Baert, K.; Terryn, H.; Sardella, E.; Favia, P.; Vanhulsel, A. | ||||
Title | Deposition of aminosilane coatings on porous Al2O3microspheres by means of dielectric barrier discharges | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Plasma processes and polymers | Abbreviated Journal | Plasma Process Polym |
Volume | 14 | Issue | 14 | Pages | 1600211 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA) | ||||
Abstract | Advances in the synthesis of porous microspheres and in their functionalization are increasing the interest in applications of alumina. This paper deals with coatings plasma deposited from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane by means of dielectric barrier discharges on alumina porous microspheres, shaped by a vibrational droplet coagulation technique. Aims of the work are the functionalization of the particles with active amino groups, as well as the evaluation of their surface coverage and of the penetration of the coatings into their pores. A multi-diagnostic approach was used for the chemical/morphological characterization of the particles. It was found that 5 min exposure to plasma discharges promotes the deposition of homogeneous coatings onto the microspheres and within their pores, down to 1 μm. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000410773200003 | Publication Date | 2017-01-05 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1612-8850 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 2.846 | Times cited | 8 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | The technical assistance of the VITO staff (Materials Dpt.) is gratefully acknowledged, especially D. Havermans, E. Van Hoof, R. Kemps (SEM-EDX), and A. De Wilde (Hg Porosimetry). Drs. S. Mullens and G. Scheltjens are kindly acknowledged for constructive discussions. Strategic Initiative Materials in Flanders (SIM) is gratefully acknowledged for its financial support. This research was carried out in the framework of the SIM-TRAP program (Tools for rational processing of nano-particles: controlling and tailoring nanoparticle based or nanomodified particle based materials). N. Claes and S. Bals acknowledge financial support from European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOM). (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot); saraecas; ECAS_Sara; | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.846 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:139511UA @ admin @ c:irua:139511 | Serial | 4342 | ||
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Author | Rodal-Cedeira, S.; Montes-García, V.; Polavarapu, L.; Solís, D.M.; Heidari, H.; La Porta, A.; Angiola, M.; Martucci, A.; Taboada, J.M.; Obelleiro, F.; Bals, S.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Pastoriza-Santos, I. | ||||
Title | Plasmonic Au@Pd Nanorods with Boosted Refractive Index Susceptibility and SERS Efficiency: A Multifunctional Platform for Hydrogen Sensing and Monitoring of Catalytic Reactions | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Chemistry of materials | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Mater |
Volume | 28 | Issue | 28 | Pages | 9169-9180 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Palladium nanoparticles (NPs) have received tremendous attention over the years due to their high catalytic activity for various chemical reactions. However, unlike other noble metal nanoparticles such as Au and Ag NPs, they exhibit poor plasmonic properties with broad extinction spectra and less scattering efficiency, and thus limiting their applications in the field of plasmonics. Therefore, it has been challenging to integrate tunable and strong plasmonic properties into catalytic Pd nanoparticles. Here we show that plasmonic Au@Pd nanorods (NRs) with relatively narrow and remarkably tunable optical responses in the NIR region can be obtained by directional growth of Pd on penta-twinned Au NR seeds. We found the presence of bromide ions facilitates the stabilization of facets for the directional growth of Pd shell to obtain Au@Pd nanorods (NR) with controlled length scales. Interestingly, it turns out the Au NR supported Pd NRs exhibit much narrow extinction compared to pure Pd NRs, which makes them suitable for plasmonic sensing applications. Moreover, these nanostructures display, to the best of our knowledge, one of the highest ensemble refractive index sensitivity values reported to date (1067 nm per refractive index unit, RIU). Additionally, we showed the application of such plasmonic Au@Pd NRs for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based sensing of hydrogen both in solution as well as on substrate. Finally, we demonstrate the integration of excellent plasmonic properties in catalytic palladium enables the in situ monitoring of a reaction progress by surface-enhanced Raman scattering. We postulate the proposed approach to boost the plasmonic properties of Pd nanoparticles will ignite the design of complex shaped plasmonic Pd NPs to be used in various plasmonic applications such as sensing and in situ monitoring of various chemical reactions. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000391080900036 | Publication Date | 2016-12-27 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0897-4756 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 9.466 | Times cited | 80 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | Funding from Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Grants MAT2013-45168-R and MAT2016-77809-R) is gratefully acknowledge. A.L.P. and S.B. acknowledge support by the European Research Council through an ERC Starting Grant (#335078-COLOURATOMS). L. P. acknowledges the financial support from by the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung. V. M.-G. acknowledges the financial support from FPU scholarship from the Spanish MINECO. (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot); ECAS_Sara | Approved | Most recent IF: 9.466 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:139513 | Serial | 4344 | ||
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Author | Lu, J.; Bartholomeeusen, E.; Sels, B.F.; Schryvers, D. | ||||
Title | Internal architecture of coffin-shaped ZSM-5 zeolite crystals with hourglass contrast unravelled by focused ion beam-assisted transmission electron microscopy: INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE OF COFFIN-SHAPED | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Journal of microscopy | Abbreviated Journal | J Microsc-Oxford |
Volume | 265 | Issue | 265 | Pages | 27-33 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Optical microscopy, focused ion beam and transmission electron microscopy are combined to study the internal architecture in a coffin-shaped ZSM-5 crystal showing an hourglass contrast in optical microscopy. Based on parallel lamellas from different positions in the crystal, the orientation relationships between the intergrowth components of the crystal are studied and the internal architecture and growth mechanism are illustrated. The crystal is found to contain two pyramid-like components aside from a central component. Both pyramid-like components are rotated by 90 degrees along the common c-axis and with respect to the central component while the interfaces between the components show local zig-zag feature, the latter indicating variations in relative growth velocity of the two components. The pyramid-like intergrowth components are larger and come closer to one another in the middle of the crystal than at the edges, but they do not connect. A model of multisite nucleation and growth of 90 degrees intergrowth components is proposed. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000392487400004 | Publication Date | 2016-08-19 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0022-2720 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 1.692 | Times cited | 4 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G.0603.10N ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 1.692 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:141015 | Serial | 4437 | ||
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Author | Juchtmans, R.; Clark, L.; Lubk, A.; Verbeeck, J. | ||||
Title | Spiral phase plate contrast in optical and electron microscopy | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Physical review A | Abbreviated Journal | Phys Rev A |
Volume | 94 | Issue | 94 | Pages | 023838 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | The use of phase plates in the back focal plane of a microscope is a well-established technique in optical microscopy to increase the contrast of weakly interacting samples and is gaining interest in electron microscopy as well. In this paper we study the spiral phase plate (SPP), also called helical, vortex, or two-dimensional Hilbert phase plate, which adds an angularly dependent phase of the form exp(iℓϕk) to the exit wave in Fourier space. In the limit of large collection angles, we analytically calculate that the average of a pair of l=+-1 SPP filtered images is directly proportional to the gradient squared of the exit wave, explaining the edge contrast previously seen in optical SPP work. We discuss the difference between a clockwise-anticlockwise pair of SPP filtered images and derive conditions under which the modulus of the wave's gradient can be seen directly from one SPP filtered image. This work provides the theoretical background to interpret images obtained with a SPP, thereby opening new perspectives for new experiments to study, for example, magnetic materials in an electron microscope. |
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000381882800011 | Publication Date | 2016-08-22 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2469-9926 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 2.925 | Times cited | 10 | Open Access | |
Notes | The authors acknowledge support from the FWO (Aspirant Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek – Vlaanderen) and the EU under the Seventh Framework Program (FP7) under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative, Reference No. 312483-ESTEEM2 and ERC Starting Grant No. 278510 VORTEX.; ECASJO_ | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.925 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:140086 | Serial | 4418 | ||
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Author | Kurttepeli, M.; Locus, R.; Verboekend, D.; de Clippel, F.; Breynaert, E.; Martens, J.; Sels, B.; Bals, S. | ||||
Title | Synthesis of aluminum-containing hierarchical mesoporous materials with columnar mesopore ordering by evaporation induced self assembly | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Microporous and mesoporous materials: zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials | Abbreviated Journal | Micropor Mesopor Mat |
Volume | 234 | Issue | 234 | Pages | 186-195 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | The incorporation of aluminum into the silica columns of hierarchical mesoporous materials (HMMs) was studied. The HMMs were synthesized by a combination of hard and soft templating methods, forming mesoporous SBA-15-type silica columns inside the pores of anodic aluminum oxide membranes via evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA). By adding Al-isopropoxide to the EISA-mixture a full tetrahedral incorporation of Al and thus the creation of acid sites was achieved, which was proved by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Electron microscopy showed that the use of Al-isopropoxide as an Al source for the HMMs led to a change in the mesopore ordering of silica material from circular hexagonal (donut-like) to columnar hexagonal and a 37% increase in specific surface (BET surface). These results were confirmed by a combination of nitrogen physisorption and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments and can be attributed to a swelling of the P123 micelles with isopropanol. The columnar mesopore ordering of silica is advantageous towards the pore accessibility and therefore preferential for many possible applications including catalysis and adsorption on the acid tetrahedral Al-sites. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Amsterdam | Editor | ||
Language | Wos | 000383291400020 | Publication Date | 2016-07-09 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1387-1811 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 3.615 | Times cited | 5 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | ; The Belgian government (Belgian Science Policy Office, Belspo) is acknowledged for financing the Interuniversity Attraction Poles (IAP-PAI). S. B. acknowledges the financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS). D. V. acknowledges the Flanders Research Foundation (FWO). ; ecas_Sara | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.615 | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:137108 | Serial | 4404 | ||
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Author | Zanaga, D.; Altantzis, T.; Sanctorum, J.; Freitag, B.; Bals, S. | ||||
Title | An alternative approach for \zeta-factor measurement using pure element nanoparticles | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Ultramicroscopy | Abbreviated Journal | Ultramicroscopy |
Volume | 164 | Issue | Pages | 11-16 | |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | It is very challenging to measure the chemical composition of hetero nanostructures in a reliable and quantitative manner. Here, we propose a novel and straightforward approach that can be used to quantify energy dispersive X-ray spectra acquired in a transmission electron microscope. Our method is based on a combination of electron tomography and the so-called zeta-factor technique. We will demonstrate the reliability of our approach as well as its applicability by investigating Au-Ag and Au-Pt hetero nanostructures. Given its simplicity, we expect that the method could become a new standard in the field of chemical characterization using electron microscopy. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Amsterdam | Editor | ||
Language | Wos | 000373526200002 | Publication Date | 2016-03-10 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0304-3991 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 2.843 | Times cited | 19 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | ; The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant # 335078-COLOURATOMS) and the European Union under the FP7 (Integrated Infrastructure Initiative N. 312483 – ESTEEM2). ; ecas_Sara | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.843 | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:133259 | Serial | 4439 | ||
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Author | Verduyckt, J.; Van Hoof, M.; De Schouwer, F.; Wolberg, M.; Kurttepeli, M.; Eloy, P.; Gaigneaux, E.M.; Bals, S.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.; De Vos, D.E. | ||||
Title | PdPb-catalyzed decarboxylation of proline to pyrrolidine : highly selective formation of a biobased amine in water | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | ACS catalysis | Abbreviated Journal | Acs Catal |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 7303-7310 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Amino acids have huge potential as platform chemicals in the biobased industry. Pd-catalyzed decarboxylation is a very promising route for the valorization of these natural compounds derived from protein waste or fermentation. We report that the highly abundant and nonessential amino acid L-proline is very reactive in the Pd-catalyzed decarboxylation. Full conversions are obtained with Pd/C and different Pd/MeOx catalysts; this allowed the identification of the different side reactions and the mapping of the reaction network. Due to the high reactivity of pyrrolidine, the selectivity for pyrrolidine was initially low. By carefully modifying Pd/ZrO2 with Pb in a controlled manner-via two incipient wetness impregnation steps-the selectivity increased remarkably. Finally, a thorough investigation of the reaction parameters resulted in an increased activity of this modified catalyst and an even further enhanced selectivity under a low H-2 pressure of 4 bar at 235 degrees C in water. This results in a very selective and sustainable production route for the highly interesting pyrrolidine. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000387306100005 | Publication Date | 2016-09-16 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2155-5435 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 10.614 | Times cited | 27 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | ; J.V. and F.D.S. thank Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) and Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT) for doctoral fellowships. D.D.V. acknowledges IWT and FWO for research project funding. D.D.V. and C.E.A.K. acknowledge the Flemish government for long-term structural funding through Methusalem. D.D.V. and S.B. acknowledge Belspo (IAP-PAI 7/05) for financial support. S.B. is grateful for funding by the European Research Council (ERC starting grant no. 335078-COLOURATOMS). The authors also thank the Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Germany for use of their XRD equipment. Finally, the assistance of Karel Duerinckx, Werner Wouters, Walter Vermandel, Ivo Stassen, Dries Jonckheere, Sabina Accardo and Bart Bueken with 11-1 NMR, pressure reactors, CO chemisorption, N<INF>2</INF> physisorption, SEM, gas phase FTIR and high-throughput XRD, respectively, is very much appreciated. ; ecas_Sara | Approved | Most recent IF: 10.614 | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:139171 | Serial | 4445 | ||
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Author | Grzelczak, M.; Sanchez-Iglesias, A.; Heidari, H.; Bals, S.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Perez-Juste, J.; Liz-Marzan, L.M. | ||||
Title | Silver Ions Direct Twin-Plane Formation during the Overgrowth of Single-Crystal Gold Nanoparticles | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | ACS Omega | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 1 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 177-181 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | It is commonly agreed that the crystalline structure of seeds dictates the crystallinity of final nanoparticles in a seeded-growth process. Although the formation of monocrystalline particles does require the use of single-crystal seeds, twin planes may stem from either single-or polycrystalline seeds. However, experimental control over twin-plane formation remains difficult to achieve synthetically. Here, we show that a careful interplay between kinetics and selective surface passivation offers a unique handle over the emergence of twin planes (in decahedra and triangles) during the growth over single-crystalline gold nanoparticles of quasi-spherical shape. Twinning can be suppressed under conditions of slow kinetics in the presence of silver ions, yielding single-crystalline particles with high-index facets. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000391203300002 | Publication Date | 2016-08-03 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2470-1343;2470-1343; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | Times cited | 18 | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
Notes | ; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad MINECO (grants: MAT2013-46101-R, MAT2013-49375-EXP, MAT2013-45168-R). Financial support is acknowledged by the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant # 267867, PLASMAQUO; ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOM). ; ecas_Sara | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:140398 | Serial | 4446 | ||
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Author | D'Olieslaeger, L.; Pfannmöller, M.; Fron, E.; Cardinaletti, I.; Van der Auweraer, M.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bals, S.; Maes, W.; Vanderzande, D.; Manca, J.; Ethirajan, A. | ||||
Title | Tuning of PCDTBT : PC71BM blend nanoparticles for eco-friendly processing of polymer solar cells | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Solar energy materials and solar cells | Abbreviated Journal | Sol Energ Mat Sol C |
Volume | 159 | Issue | 159 | Pages | 179-188 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | We report the controlled preparation of water processable nanoparticles (NPs) employing the push-pull polymer PCDTBT and the fullerene acceptor PC71BM in order to enable solar cell processing using eco-friendly solvent (i.e. water). The presented method provides the possibility to separate the formation of the active layer blend and the deposition of the active layer into two different processes. For the first time, the benefits of aqueous processability for the high-potential class of push-pull polymers, generally requiring high boiling solvents, are made accessible. With our method we demonstrate excellent control over the blend stoichiometry and efficient mixing. Furthermore, we provide visualization of the nano morphology of the different NPs to obtain structural information down to similar to 2 nm resolution using advanced analytical electron microscopy. The imaging directly reveals very small compositional demixing in the PCDTBT:PC71BM blend NPs, in the size range of about <5 nm, indicating fine mixing at the molecular level. The suitability of the proposed methodology and materials towards the aspects of eco-friendly processing of organic solar cells is demonstrated through a processing of lab scale NPs solar cell prototypes reaching a power conversion efficiency of 1.9%. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Amsterdam | Editor | ||
Language | Wos | 000388053600021 | Publication Date | 2016-09-19 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0927-0248 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 4.784 | Times cited | 32 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | ; This work was supported by BOF funding of Hasselt University, the Interreg project Organext, and the IAP 7/05 project FS2 (Functional Supramolecular Systems), granted by the Science Policy Office of the Belgian Federal Government (BELSPO). A.E. is a post-doctoral fellow of the Flanders Research Foundation (FWO). M.P. gratefully acknowledges the SIM NanoForce program for financial support. S.B. further acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS). The authors are thankful for technical support by J. Smits, T. Vangerven, and J. Baccus. ; ecas_sara | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.784 | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:139157UA @ admin @ c:irua:139157 | Serial | 4450 | ||
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Author | Blommaerts, N.; Asapu, R.; Claes, N.; Bals, S.; Lenaerts, S.; Verbruggen, S.W. | ||||
Title | Gas phase photocatalytic spiral reactor for fast and efficient pollutant degradation | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Chemical engineering journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
Volume | 316 | Issue | 316 | Pages | 850-856 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) | ||||
Abstract | Photocatalytic reactors for the degradation of gaseous organic pollutants often suffer from major limitations such as small reaction area, sub-optimal irradiation conditions and thus limited reaction rate. In this work, an alternative solution is presented that involves a glass tube coated on the inside with (silvermodified) TiO2 and spiraled around a UVA lamp. First, the spiral reactor is coated from the inside with TiO2 using an experimentally verified procedure that is optimized toward UV light transmission. This procedure is kept as simple as possible and involves a single casting step of a 1 wt% suspension of TiO2 in ethanol through the spiral. This results in a coated tube that absorbs nearly all incident UV light under the experimental conditions used. The optimized coated spiral reactor is then benchmarked to a conventional annular photoreactor of the same outer dimensions and total catalyst loading over a broad range of experimental conditions. Although residence time distribution experiments indicate slightly longer dwelling of molecules in the spiral reactor, no significant difference in by-passing of gas between the spiral reactor and the annular reactor can be claimed. Acetaldehyde degradation efficiency of 100% is obtained with the spiral reactor for a residence time as low as 60 s, whereas the annular reactor could not achieve full degradation even at 1000 s residence time. In a final case study, addition of long-term stable silver nanoparticles, protected by an ultra-thin polymer shell applied via the layer-by-layer (LbL) method, to the spiral reactor coating is shown to double the degradation efficiency and provides an interesting strategy to cope with higher pollutant concentrations without changing the overall dimensions. | ||||
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Language | Wos | 000398985200089 | Publication Date | 2017-02-08 | |
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 6.216 | Times cited | 30 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | N.B. wishes to thank the University of Antwerp – Belgium for financial support. N.C. and S.B. acknowledge financial support from European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078- COLOURATOM). S.W.V. acknowledges the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) for a postdoctoral fellowship. (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot); ecas_sara | Approved | Most recent IF: 6.216 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:140925UA @ admin @ c:irua:140925 | Serial | 4481 | ||
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Author | Zhong, Z.; Goris, B.; Schoenmakers, R.; Bals, S.; Batenburg, K.J. | ||||
Title | A bimodal tomographic reconstruction technique combining EDS-STEM and HAADF-STEM | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Ultramicroscopy | Abbreviated Journal | Ultramicroscopy |
Volume | 174 | Issue | 174 | Pages | 35-45 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | A three-dimensional (3D) chemical characterization of nanomaterials can be obtained using tomography based on high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) or energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) STEM. These two complementary techniques have both advantages and disadvantages. The Z-contrast images have good image quality but lack robustness in the compositional analysis, while the elemental maps give more element-specific information, but at a low signal-to-noise ratio and a longer exposure time. Our aim is to combine these two types of complementary information in one single tomographic reconstruction process. Therefore, an imaging model is proposed combining both HAADF-STEM and EDS-STEM. Based on this model, the elemental distributions can be reconstructed using both types of information simultaneously during the reconstruction process. The performance of the new technique is evaluated using simulated data and real experimental data. The results demonstrate that combining two imaging modalities leads to tomographic reconstructions with suppressed noise and enhanced contrast. |
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000403342200005 | Publication Date | 2016-12-11 | |
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0304-3991 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 2.843 | Times cited | 26 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | This research is supported by the Dutch Technology Foundation STW (http://www.stw.nl/), which is part of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), and which is partly funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation under project number 13314. It is also supported by the Flemish research foundation (FWO Vlaanderen) by project funding (G038116N) and a postdoctoral research grant to B.G. Funding from the European Research Council (Starting Grant No. COLOURATOMS 335078) is acknowledged by S.B. The authors would like to thank Dr. Bernd Rieger and Dr. Richard Aveyard for useful discussions, and Prof. Dr. Luis M. Liz-Marzan for providing the investigated samples. We also acknowledge COST Action MP1207 for networking support. (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot); saraecas; ECAS_Sara; | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.843 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:141719UA @ admin @ c:irua:141719 | Serial | 4484 | ||
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Author | Zhuge, X.; Jinnai, H.; Dunin-Borkowski, R.E.; Migunov, V.; Bals, S.; Cool, P.; Bons, A.-J.; Batenburg, K.J. | ||||
Title | Automated discrete electron tomography – Towards routine high-fidelity reconstruction of nanomaterials | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Ultramicroscopy | Abbreviated Journal | Ultramicroscopy |
Volume | 175 | Issue | 175 | Pages | 87-96 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA) | ||||
Abstract | Electron tomography is an essential imaging technique for the investigation of morphology and 3D structure of nanomaterials. This method, however, suffers from well-known missing wedge artifacts due to a restricted tilt range, which limits the objectiveness, repeatability and efficiency of quantitative structural analysis. Discrete tomography represents one of the promising reconstruction techniques for materials science, potentially capable of delivering higher fidelity reconstructions by exploiting the prior knowledge of the limited number of material compositions in a specimen. However, the application of discrete tomography to practical datasets remains a difficult task due to the underlying challenging mathematical problem. In practice, it is often hard to obtain consistent reconstructions from experimental datasets. In addition, numerous parameters need to be tuned manually, which can lead to bias and non-repeatability. In this paper, we present the application of a new iterative reconstruction technique, named TVR-DART, for discrete electron tomography. The technique is capable of consistently delivering reconstructions with significantly reduced missing wedge artifacts for a variety of challenging data and imaging conditions, and can automatically estimate its key parameters. We describe the principles of the technique and apply it to datasets from three different types of samples acquired under diverse imaging modes. By further reducing the available tilt range and number of projections, we show that the proposed technique can still produce consistent reconstructions with minimized missing wedge artifacts. This new development promises to provide the electron microscopy community with an easy-to-use and robust tool for high-fidelity 3D characterization of nanomaterials. |
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000403342500008 | Publication Date | 2017-01-24 | |
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0304-3991 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 2.843 | Times cited | 22 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | This work has been supported in part by the Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen (STW) through a personal grant (Veni,13610), and was in part by ExxonMobil Chemical Europe Inc. The authors further acknowledge financial support from the University of Antwerp through BOF GOA funding. S.B. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS). R.D.B. is grateful for funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)/ ERC grant agreement number 320832. Thomas Altantzis is gratefully acknowledged for acquiring the Anatase nanosheets dataset. (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot); saraecas; ECAS_Sara; | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.843 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:141218UA @ admin @ c:irua:141218 | Serial | 4485 | ||
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Author | Benetti, G.; Cavaliere, E.; Canteri, A.; Landini, G.; Rossolini, G.M.; Pallecchi, L.; Chiodi, M.; Van Bael, M.J.; Winckelmans, N.; Bals, S.; Gavioli, L. | ||||
Title | Direct synthesis of antimicrobial coatings based on tailored bi-elemental nanoparticles | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | APL materials | Abbreviated Journal | Apl Mater |
Volume | 5 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 036105 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Ultrathin coatings based on bi-elemental nanoparticles (NPs) are very promising to limit the surface-related spread of bacterial pathogens, particularly in nosocomial environments. However, tailoring the synthesis, composition, adhesion to substrate, and antimicrobial spectrum of the coating is an open challenge. Herein, we report on a radically new nanostructured coating, obtained by a one-step gas-phase deposition technique, and composed of bi-elemental Janus type Ag/Ti NPs. The NPs are characterized by a cluster-in-cluster mixing phase with metallic Ag nano-crystals embedded in amorphous TiO2 and present a promising antimicrobial activity including also multidrug resistant strains. We demonstrate the flexibility of the method to tune the embedded Ag nano-crystals dimension, the total relative composition of the coating, and the substrate type, opening the possibility of tailoring the dimension, composition, antimicrobial spectrum, and other physical/chemical properties of such multi-elemental systems. This work is expected to significantly spread the range of applications of NPs coatings, not only as an effective tool in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections but also in other technologically relevant fields like sensors or nano-/micro joining. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000398951000014 | Publication Date | 2017-03-20 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2166-532X | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 4.335 | Times cited | 21 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | We thank Urs Gfeller for the XRF measurements, Francesco Banfi for valuable discussions on the manuscript and Giulio Viano for his valuable support in the microbiological analysis. The authors acknowledge the financial support of Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore through D.2.2 and D.3.1 grants and from the European Union through the 7th Framework Program (FP7) under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (Reference No. 312483 ESTEEM2). REFERENCES | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.335 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:141723UA @ admin @ c:irua:141723 | Serial | 4479 | ||
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Author | Tunca, B.; Lapauw, T.; Karakulina, O.M.; Batuk, M.; Cabioc’h, T.; Hadermann, J.; Delville, R.; Lambrinou, K.; Vleugels, J. | ||||
Title | Synthesis of MAX Phases in the Zr-Ti-Al-C System | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Inorganic chemistry | Abbreviated Journal | Inorg Chem |
Volume | 56 | Issue | 56 | Pages | 3489-3498 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | This study reports on the synthesis and characterization of MAX phases in the (Zr,Ti)n+1AlCn system. The MAX phases were synthesized by reactive hot pressing and pressureless sintering in the 1350–1700 °C temperature range. The produced ceramics contained large fractions of 211 and 312 (n = 1, 2) MAX phases, while strong evidence of a 413 (n = 3) stacking was found. Moreover, (Zr,Ti)C, ZrAl2, ZrAl3, and Zr2Al3 were present as secondary phases. In general, the lattice parameters of the hexagonal 211 and 312 phases followed Vegard’s law over the complete Zr-Ti solid solution range, but the 312 phase showed a non-negligible deviation from Vegard’s law around the (Zr0.33,Ti0.67)3Al1.2C1.6 stoichiometry. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with X-ray diffraction demonstrated ordering of the Zr and Ti atoms in the 312 phase, whereby Zr atoms occupied preferentially the central position in the close-packed M6X octahedral layers. The same ordering was also observed in 413 stackings present within the 312 phase. The decomposition of the secondary (Zr,Ti)C phase was attributed to the miscibility gap in the ZrC-TiC system. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000397171100045 | Publication Date | 2017-03-20 | |
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0020-1669 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 4.857 | Times cited | 26 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G.0431.10N.F ; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie, 131081 ; European Atomic Energy Community, 604862 ; SCK-CEN Academy for Nuclear Science and Technology; Hercules Foundation, Project/Award no: AKUL/1319 Project/Award no: ZW09-09 ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.857 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:141794 | Serial | 4491 | ||
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Author | van der Stam, W.; Geuchies, J.J.; Altantzis, T.; van den Bos, K.H.W.; Meeldijk, J.D.; Van Aert, S.; Bals, S.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.; de Mello Donega, C. | ||||
Title | Highly Emissive Divalent-Ion-Doped Colloidal CsPb1–xMxBr3Perovskite Nanocrystals through Cation Exchange | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Journal of the American Chemical Society | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Chem Soc |
Volume | 139 | Issue | 139 | Pages | 4087-4097 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Colloidal CsPbX3 (X = Br, Cl, and I) perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as promising phosphors and solar cell materials due to their remarkable optoelectronic properties. These properties can be tailored by not only controlling the size and shape of the NCs but also postsynthetic composition tuning through topotactic anion exchange. In contrast, property control by cation exchange is still underdeveloped for colloidal CsPbX3 NCs. Here, we present a method that allows partial cation exchange in colloidal CsPbBr3 NCs, whereby Pb2+ is exchanged for several isovalent cations, resulting in doped CsPb1−xMxBr3 NCs (M= Sn2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+; 0 < x ≤ 0.1), with preservation of the original NC shape. The size of the parent NCs is also preserved in the product NCs, apart from a small (few %) contraction of the unit cells upon incorporation of the guest cations. The partial Pb2+ for M2+ exchange leads to a blue-shift of the optical spectra, while maintaining the high photoluminescence quantum yields (>50%), sharp absorption features, and narrow emission of the parent CsPbBr3 NCs. The blue-shift in the optical spectra is attributed to the lattice contraction that accompanies the Pb2+ for M2+ cation exchange and is observed to scale linearly with the lattice contraction. This work opens up new possibilities to engineer the properties of halide perovskite NCs, which to date are demonstrated to be the only known system where cation and anion exchange reactions can be sequentially combined while preserving the original NC shape, resulting in compositionally diverse perovskite NCs. |
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000397477700027 | Publication Date | 2017-03-10 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0002-7863 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 13.858 | Times cited | 535 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | W.v.d.S. and C.d.M.D. acknowledge financial support from the division of Chemical Sciences (CW) of The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) under grant number ECHO.712.012.001. J.J.G. and D.V. acknowledge financial support from the Debye Graduate program. S.B. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant # 335078-COLOURATOMS). K.H.W.v.d.B., S.B., S.V.A. and T.A. acknowledge financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through project fundings (G.0374.13N, G.0368.15N, G.0369.15N), a Ph.D. grant to K.H.W.v.d.B, and a postdoctoral research grant to T.A. (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot); ECAS_Sara | Approved | Most recent IF: 13.858 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:141754UA @ admin @ c:irua:141754 | Serial | 4482 | ||
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Author | Lepot, K.; Addad, A.; Knoll, A.H.; Wang, J.; Troadec, D.; Béché, A.; Javaux, E.J. | ||||
Title | Iron minerals within specific microfossil morphospecies of the 1.88 Ga Gunflint Formation | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Nature communications | Abbreviated Journal | Nat Commun |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 14890 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Problematic microfossils dominate the palaeontological record between the Great Oxidation Event 2.4 billion years ago (Ga) and the last Palaeoproterozoic iron formations, deposited 500–600 million years later. These fossils are often associated with iron-rich sedimentary rocks, but their affinities, metabolism, and, hence, their contributions to Earth surface oxidation and Fe deposition remain unknown. Here we show that specific microfossil populations of the 1.88 Ga Gunflint Iron Formation contain Fe-silicate and Fe-carbonate nanocrystal concentrations in cell interiors. Fe minerals are absent in/on all organically preserved cell walls. These features are consistent with in vivo intracellular Fe biomineralization, with subsequent in situ recrystallization, but contrast with known patterns of post-mortem Fe mineralization. The Gunflint populations that display relatively large cells (thick-walled spheres, filament-forming rods) and intra-microfossil Fe minerals are consistent with oxygenic photosynthesizers but not with other Fe-mineralizing microorganisms studied so far. Fe biomineralization may have protected oxygenic photosynthesizers against Fe2+ toxicity during the Palaeoproterozoic. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000397129900001 | Publication Date | 2017-03-23 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2041-1723 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 12.124 | Times cited | 20 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | We thank J.-P. Cullus (thin sections), G. Spronck and C. Henrist (TEM), M. Cabié and C. Dominici (FIB), S. Bernard and C. Karunakaran (STXM), F. Bourdelle and G. Ji (EELS), P. Recourt (SEM). This study was co-funded by FRFC Grant no. 2.4558.09F (E.J.J.), CNRS-INSU (K.L.), FNRS (K.L.), ERC StG ELiTE Grant no. 308074 (E.J.J.), BELSPO IAP PLANET TOPERS (E.J.J.), NASA Astrobiology Institute (A.H.K.), Conseil Régional du Nord-Pas de Calais+European Regional Development Fund+CNRS-INSU (TEM in Lille), FP7-ESMI no. 262348 (TEM at EMAT Antwerp) and ANR-15-CE31-0003-01 (M6fossils, K.L.). We thank Noah Planavsky and two anonymous reviewers for thorough reviews that helped improve the paper. | Approved | Most recent IF: 12.124 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:141919 | Serial | 4536 | ||
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Author | Willhammar, T.; Sentosun, K.; Mourdikoudis, S.; Goris, B.; Kurttepeli, M.; Bercx, M.; Lamoen, D.; Partoens, B.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G. | ||||
Title | Structure and vacancy distribution in copper telluride nanoparticles influence plasmonic activity in the near-infrared | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Nature communications | Abbreviated Journal | Nat Commun |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 14925 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) | ||||
Abstract | Copper chalcogenides find applications in different domains including photonics, photothermal therapy and photovoltaics. CuTe nanocrystals have been proposed as an alternative to noble metal particles for plasmonics. Although it is known that deviations from stoichiometry are a prerequisite for plasmonic activity in the near-infrared, an accurate description of the material and its (optical) properties is hindered by an insufficient understanding of the atomic structure and the influence of defects, especially for materials in their nanocrystalline form. We demonstrate that the structure of Cu1.5±xTe nanocrystals canbe determined using electron diffraction tomography. Real-space high-resolution electron tomography directly reveals the three-dimensional distribution of vacancies in the structure. Through first-principles density functional theory, we furthermore demonstrate that the influence of these vacancies on the optical properties of the nanocrystals is determined. Since our methodology is applicable to a variety of crystalline nanostructured materials, it is expected to provide unique insights concerning structure–property correlations. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000397799700001 | Publication Date | 2017-03-30 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2041-1723 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 12.124 | Times cited | 37 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | The work was financially supported by the European Research Council through an ERC Starting Grant (#335078-COLOURATOMS). T.W. acknowledges the Swedish Research Council for an international postdoc grant. We acknowledge financial support of FWO-Vlaanderen through project G.0216.14N, G.0369.15N and a postdoctoral research grant to B.G. The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center) and the HPC infrastructure of the University of Antwerp (CalcUA), both funded by the FWO-Vlaanderen and the Flemish Government–Department EWI. The work was further supported by the Spanish MINECO (MAT2013-45168-R). S.M. thanks the Action ooSupporting Postdoctoral Researchers44 of the Operational Program ‘Education and Lifelong Learning’ (Action’s Beneficiary: General Secretariat for Research and Technology of Greece), which was co-financed by the European Social Fund (ESF) and the Greek State. (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:can); ECAS_Sara | Approved | Most recent IF: 12.124 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:142203UA @ admin @ c:irua:142203 | Serial | 4538 | ||
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Author | Stefan Löffler; Matthieu Bugnet; Nicolas Gauquelin; Sorin Lazar; Elias Assmann; Karsten Held; Gianluigi A. Botton; Peter Schattschneider | ||||
Title | Real-space mapping of electronic orbitals | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Ultramicroscopy | Abbreviated Journal | Ultramicroscopy |
Volume | 177 | Issue | 177 | Pages | 26-29 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Electronic states are responsible for most material properties, including chemical bonds, electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as optical and magnetic properties. Experimentally, however, they remain mostly elusive. Here, we report the real-space mapping of selected transitions between p and d states on the Ångström scale in bulk rutile (TiO2) using electron energy-loss spectrometry (EELS), revealing information on individual bonds between atoms. On the one hand, this enables the experimental verification of theoretical predictions about electronic states. On the other hand, it paves the way for directly investigating electronic states under conditions that are at the limit of the current capabilities of numerical simulations such as, e.g., the electronic states at defects, interfaces, and quantum dots. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000401219800004 | Publication Date | 2017-01-31 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0304-3991 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record | |
Impact Factor | 2.843 | Times cited | Open Access | Not_Open_Access | |
Notes | ; St.L. thanks Walid Hetaba for discussions about WIEN2k. St.L. and P.S. thank Ralf Hambach and Ute Kaiser for many valuable discussions. M.B. thanks Vienna University of Technology for travel support. St.L. and P.S. acknowledge financial support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under grant number 1543-N20, SFB F45 FOXSI; St.L. also acknowledges financial support by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) under grant number J3732-N27. M.B., N.G., S.L. and G.A.B. performed the experimental work at the Canadian Center for Electron Microscopy, a national facility supported by McMaster University and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). G.A.B. is grateful to NSERC for supporting this work. ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.843 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:142201 | Serial | 4539 | ||
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Author | Colin D. Judge, Nicolas Gauquelin, Lori Walters, Mike Wright, James I. Cole, James Madden, Gianluigi A. Botton, Malcolm Griffiths | ||||
Title | Intergranular fracture in irradiated Inconel X-750 containing very high concentrations of helium and hydrogen | Type | A1 Journal Article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Journal of Nuclear Materials | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 457 | Issue | 457 | Pages | 165-172 |
Keywords | A1 Journal Article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) ; | ||||
Abstract | In recent years, it has been observed that Inconel X-750 spacers in CANDU reactors exhibits lower ductility with reduced load carrying capacity following irradiation in a reactor environment. The fracture behaviour of ex-service material was also found to be entirely intergranular at high doses. The thermalized flux spectrum in a CANDU reactor leads to transmutation of 58Ni to 59Ni. The 59Ni itself has unusually high thermal neutron reaction cross-sections of the type: (n, γ), (n, p), and (n, α). The latter two reactions, in particular, contribute to a significant enhancement of the atomic displacements in addition to creating high concentrations of hydrogen and helium within the material. Microstructural examinations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have confirmed the presence of helium bubbles in the matrix and aligned along grain boundaries and matrix–precipitate interfaces. Helium bubble size and density are found to be highly dependent on the irradiation temperature and material microstructure; the bubbles are larger within grain boundary precipitates. TEM specimens extracted from fracture surfaces and crack tips provide information that is consistent with crack propagation along grain boundaries due to the presence of He bubbles. | ||||
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Language | Wos | 000349169100022 | Publication Date | 2014-11-01 | |
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Impact Factor | Times cited | 29 | Open Access | ||
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | |||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ | Serial | 4540 | ||
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Author | Macke, S.; Radi, A.; Hamann-Borrero, J.E.; Verna, A.; Bluschke, M.; Brück, S.; Goering, E.; Sutarto, R.; He, F.; Cristiani, G.; Wu, M.; Benckiser, E.; Habermeier, H.-U.; Logvenov, G.; Gauquelin, N.; Botton, G.A; Kajdos, A.P.; Stemmer, S.; Sawatzky,G.A.; Haverkort, M.W.; Keimer, B.; Hinkov, V. | ||||
Title | Element Specific Monolayer Depth Profiling | Type | A1 Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Advanced Materials | Abbreviated Journal | Adv Mater |
Volume | 26 | Issue | 38 | Pages | 6554-6559 |
Keywords | A1 Journal Article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | The electronic phase behavior and functionality of interfaces and surfaces in complex materials are strongly correlated to chemical composition profiles, stoichiometry and intermixing. Here a novel analysis scheme for resonant X-ray reflectivity maps is introduced to determine such profiles, which is element specific and non-destructive, and which exhibits atomic-layer resolution and a probing depth of hundreds of nanometers. | ||||
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Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000343763200004 | Publication Date | 2014-08-08 | |
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ISSN | 1521-4095 | ISBN | Additional Links | ||
Impact Factor | 19.791 | Times cited | 34 | Open Access | |
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 19.791; 2014 IF: NA | |||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ | Serial | 4541 | ||
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Author | N. Gauquelin, D. G. Hawthorn, G. A. Sawatzky, R. X. Liang, D. A. Bonn, W. N. Hardy & G.A. Botton | ||||
Title | Atomic scale real-space mapping of holes in YBa2Cu3O6+δ | Type | A1 Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Nature Communications | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 5 | Issue | Pages | 4275 | |
Keywords | A1 Journal Article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) ; | ||||
Abstract | The high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+δ consists of two main structural units—a bilayer of CuO2 planes that are central to superconductivity and a CuO2+δ chain layer. Although the functional role of the planes and chains has long been established, most probes integrate over both, which makes it difficult to distinguish the contribution of each. Here we use electron energy loss spectroscopy to directly resolve the plane and chain contributions to the electronic structure in YBa2Cu3O6 and YBa2Cu3O7. We directly probe the charge transfer of holes from the chains to the planes as a function of oxygen content, and show that the change in orbital occupation of Cu is large in the chain layer but modest in CuO2 planes, with holes in the planes doped primarily into the O 2p states. These results provide direct insight into the local electronic structure and charge transfers in this important high-temperature superconductor. | ||||
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Language | Wos | 000340615100002 | Publication Date | 2014-07-16 | |
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Impact Factor | Times cited | 22 | Open Access | ||
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | |||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ | Serial | 4542 | ||
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Author | Shuhui Sun, Gaixia Zhang, Nicolas Gauquelin, Ning Chen, Jigang Zhou, Songlan Yang, Weifeng Chen, Xiangbo Meng, Dongsheng Geng, Mohammad N. Banis, Ruying Li, Siyu Ye, Shanna Knights, Gianluigi A. Botton, Tsun-Kong Sham & Xueliang Sun | ||||
Title | Single-atom Catalysis Using Pt/Graphene Achieved through Atomic Layer Deposition | Type | A1 Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Scientific Reports | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 3 | Issue | Pages | 1775 | |
Keywords | A1 Journal Article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) ; | ||||
Abstract | Platinum-nanoparticle-based catalysts are widely used in many important chemical processes and automobile industries. Downsizing catalyst nanoparticles to single atoms is highly desirable to maximize their use efficiency, however, very challenging. Here we report a practical synthesis for isolated single Pt atoms anchored to graphene nanosheet using the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. ALD offers the capability of precise control of catalyst size span from single atom, subnanometer cluster to nanoparticle. The single-atom catalysts exhibit significantly improved catalytic activity (up to 10 times) over that of the state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C catalyst. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analyses reveal that the low-coordination and partially unoccupied densities of states of 5d orbital of Pt atoms are responsible for the excellent performance. This work is anticipated to form the basis for the exploration of a next generation of highly efficient single-atom catalysts for various applications. |
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Language | Wos | 000318334300004 | Publication Date | 2013-05-03 | |
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Impact Factor | Times cited | 345 | Open Access | ||
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | |||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ | Serial | 4543 | ||
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Author | N. Gauquelin, E. Benckiser, M. K. Kinyanjui, M. Wu, Y. Lu, G. Christiani, G. Logvenov, H.-U. Habermeier, U. Kaiser, B. Keimer, and G. A. Botton | ||||
Title | Atomically resolved EELS mapping of the interfacial structure of epitaxially strained LaNiO3/LaAlO3 superlattices | Type | A1 Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Physical Review B | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 90 | Issue | Pages | 195140 | |
Keywords | A1 Journal Article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) ; | ||||
Abstract | The interfacial atomic structure of a metallic LaNiO3/LaAlO3 superlattice grown on a LaSrAlO4 substrate was investigated using a combination of atomically resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) at the Al K, Al L2,3, Sr L2,3, Ni L2,3, La M4,5, and O K edges as well as hybridization mapping of selected features of the O K-edge fine structure.We observe an additional La1−xSrxAl1−yNiyO3 layer at the substrate-superlattice interface, possibly linked to diffusion of Al and Sr into the growing film or a surface reconstruction due to Sr segregation. The roughness of the LaNiO3/LaAlO3 interfaces is found to be on average around one pseudocubic unit cell. The O K-edge EELS spectra revealed reduced spectral weight of the prepeak derived from Ni-O hybridized states in the LaNiO3 layers. We rule out oxygen nonstoichiometry of the LaNiO3 layers and discuss changes in the Ni-O hybridization due to heterostructuring as possible origin. |
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Language | Wos | 000345467000003 | Publication Date | 2014-11-20 | |
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Impact Factor | Times cited | 17 | Open Access | ||
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | |||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ | Serial | 4544 | ||
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Author | M. K. Kinyanjui, N. Gauquelin, E. Benckiser, H. –U. Habermeier, B. Keimer, U. Kaiser and G.A. Botton | ||||
Title | Local lattice distortion and anisotropic modulation in Epitaxially Strained LaNiO3/LaAlO3 hetero-structures | Type | A1 Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 104 | Issue | Pages | 221909 | |
Keywords | A1 Journal Article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) ; | ||||
Abstract | Using a complementary combination of x-ray diffraction and atomically resolved imaging we investigated the lattice structure of epitaxial LaNiO3/LaAlO3 superlattices grown on a compressive-strain inducing LaSrAlO4 (001) substrate. A refinement of the structure obtained from the x-ray data revealed the monoclinic I 2/c 1 1 space group. The (Ni/Al)O6 octahedral rotation angle perpendicular to the superlattice plane is enhanced, and the one parallel to the plane is reduced with respect to the corresponding bulk values. High-angle annular dark field imaging was used to determine the lattice parameters within the superlattice unit cell. High-resolution electron microscopy images of the oxygen atoms are consistent with the x-ray results. | ||||
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Language | Wos | 000337161700029 | Publication Date | 2014-06-07 | |
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Impact Factor | Times cited | 22 | Open Access | ||
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | |||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ | Serial | 4545 | ||
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Author | H. Zhang, N. Gauquelin, G.A. Botton and J.Y.T. Wei | ||||
Title | Attenuation of superconductivity in manganite/cuprate heterostructures by epitaxially induced CuO intergrowths | Type | A1 Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Applied Physics Letters | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 103 | Issue | Pages | 052606 | |
Keywords | A1 Journal Article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) ; | ||||
Abstract | We examine the effect of CuO intergrowths on the superconductivity in epitaxial La 2/3 Ca 1/3 MnO 3 / YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7−δ La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/YBa2Cu3O7−δ (LCMO/YBCO) thin-film heterostructures. Scanning transmission electron microscopy on bilayer LCMO/YBCO thin films revealed double CuO-chain intergrowths which form regions with the 247 lattice structure in the YBCO layer. These nanoscale 247 regions do not appear in x-ray diffraction, but can physically account for the reduced critical temperature (Tc) of bilayer thin films relative to unilayer films with the same YBCO thickness, at least down to ∼25 nm. We attribute the CuO intergrowths to the bilayer heteroepitaxial mismatch and the Tc reduction to the generally lower Tc seen in bulk 247 samples. These epitaxially-induced CuO intergrowths provide a microstructural mechanism for the attenuation of superconductivity in LCMO/YBCO heterostructures. |
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Language | Wos | 000322723000063 | Publication Date | 2013-08-02 | |
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Impact Factor | Times cited | 12 | Open Access | ||
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | |||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ | Serial | 4546 | ||
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Author | L. Zhang, J. Kim, J. Zhang, F. Nan, N. Gauquelin, G.A. Botton, P. He, R. Bashyam, S. Knights | ||||
Title | Ti4O7 supported Ru@Pt core–shell catalyst for CO-tolerance in PEM fuel cell hydrogen oxidation reaction | Type | A1 Journal Article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Applied Energy | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 103 | Issue | March 2013 | Pages | 507-513 |
Keywords | A1 Journal Article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) ; | ||||
Abstract | A new method is developed for synthesizing Ti4O7 supported Ru@Pt core–shell catalyst (Ru@Pt/Ti4O7) through pyrolysis followed by microwave irradiation. The purpose is to improve the Ru durability of PtRu from core–shell structure and strong bonding to Ti4O7 oxide. In this method, the first step is to co-reduce the mixture of ruthenium precursor and TiO2 in a H2 reducing atmosphere under heat-treatment to obtain a Ru core on Ti4O7 support, and the second step is to create a shell of platinum via microwave irradiation. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray Diffraction, High-resolution Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy with the high-angle annular dark-field method and Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy are used to demonstrate that this catalyst with larger particles has a core–shell structure with a Ru core and a Pt shell. Electrochemical measurements show Ru@Pt/Ti4O7 catalyst has a higher CO-tolerance capability than that of PtRu/C alloy catalyst. | ||||
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Language | Wos | 000314669500048 | Publication Date | 2012-11-11 | |
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Impact Factor | Times cited | 33 | Open Access | ||
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | |||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ | Serial | 4547 | ||
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Author | Guzzinati, G.; Béché, A.; Lourenço-Martins, H.; Martin, J.; Kociak, M.; Verbeeck, J. | ||||
Title | Probing the symmetry of the potential of localized surface plasmon resonances with phase-shaped electron beams | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Nature communications | Abbreviated Journal | Nat Commun |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 14999 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Plasmonics, the science and technology of the interaction of light with metallic objects, is fundamentally changing the way we can detect, generate and manipulate light. Although the field is progressing swiftly, thanks to the availability of nanoscale manufacturing and analysis methods, fundamental properties such as the plasmonic excitations’ symmetries cannot be accessed directly, leading to a partial, sometimes incorrect, understanding of their properties. Here we overcome this limitation by deliberately shaping the wave function of an electron beam to match a plasmonic excitations’ symmetry in a modified transmission electron microscope. We show experimentally and theoretically that this offers selective detection of specific plasmon modes within metallic nanoparticles, while excluding modes with other symmetries. This method resembles the widespread use of polarized light for the selective excitation of plasmon modes with the advantage of locally probing the response of individual plasmonic objects and a far wider range of symmetry selection criteria. | ||||
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Language | Wos | 000399084300001 | Publication Date | 2017-04-12 | |
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ISSN | 2041-1723 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 12.124 | Times cited | 84 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | ; We thank F.J. Garcia de Abajo and D.M. Ugarte for interesting and fruitful discussion. This work was supported by funding from the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7) ERC Starting Grant 278510 VORTEX. Financial support from the European Union under the Framework 7 program under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (Reference number 312483 ESTEEM2) is also gratefully acknowledged. Aluminum nanostructures were fabricated using the Nanomat nanofabrication facility. ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 12.124 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:142205UA @ admin @ c:irua:142205 | Serial | 4548 | ||
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Author | Mernissi Cherigui, E.A.; Sentosun, K.; Bouckenooge, P.; Vanrompay, H.; Bals, S.; Terryn, H.; Ustarroz, J. | ||||
Title | A Comprehensive Study of the Electrodeposition of Nickel Nanostructures from Deep Eutectic Solvents: Self-Limiting Growth by Electrolysis of Residual Water | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | The journal of physical chemistry: C : nanomaterials and interfaces | Abbreviated Journal | J Phys Chem C |
Volume | 121 | Issue | 121 | Pages | 9337-9347 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | The electrodeposition of nickel nanostructures on glassy carbon was investigated in 1:2 choline chloride – urea (1:2 ChCl-U) deep eutectic solvent (DES). By combining electrochemical techniques with ex-situ FE-SEM, XPS, HAADF-STEM and EDX, the electrochemical processes occurring during nickel deposition were better understood. Special attention was given to the interaction between the solvent and the growing nickel nanoparticles. The application of a suffciently negative potential results into the electrocatlytic hydrolisis of residual water in the DES, which leads to the formation of a mixed layer of Ni/Ni(OH)2(ads). In addition, hydrogen bonds between hydroxide species and the DES components could be formed, quenching the growth of the nickel clusters favouring their aggregation. Due to these processes, a highly dense distribution of nickel nanostructures can be obtained within a wide potential range. Understanding the role of residual water and the interactions at the interface during metal electrodeposition from DESs is essential to produce supported nanostructures in a controllable way for a broad range of applications and technologies. | ||||
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Language | Wos | 000400881100027 | Publication Date | 2017-04-12 | |
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ISSN | 1932-7447 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 4.536 | Times cited | 66 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | E.A. Mernissi Cherigui acknowledges funding from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek in Flanders (FWO, research project G019014N). S. Bals acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (Starting Grant No. COLOURATOMS 335078). H.V. gratefully acknowledges financial support by the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO Vlaanderen). Finally, J. Ustarroz acknowledges funding from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek in Flanders (FWO, postdoctoral grant 12I7816N). (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot); ECAS_Sara | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.536 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:142208UA @ admin @ c:irua:142208 | Serial | 4551 | ||
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Author | Ustarroz, J.; Geboes, B.; Vanrompay, H.; Sentosun, K.; Bals, S.; Breugelmans, T.; Hubin, A. | ||||
Title | Electrodeposition of Highly Porous Pt Nanoparticles Studied by Quantitative 3D Electron Tomography: Influence of Growth Mechanisms and Potential Cycling on the Active Surface Area | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | ACS applied materials and interfaces | Abbreviated Journal | Acs Appl Mater Inter |
Volume | 9 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 16168-16177 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT) | ||||
Abstract | Nanoporous Pt nanoparticles (NPs) are promising fuel cell catalysts due to their large surface area and increased electrocatalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we report on the infuence of the growth mechanisms on the surface properties of electrodeposited Pt dendritic NPs with large surface areas. The electrochemically active surface was studied by hydrogen underpotential deposition (HUPD) and compared for the rst time to high angle annular dark eld scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) quantitative 3D electron tomography of individual nanoparticles. Large nucleation overpotential leads to a large surface coverage of Pt roughened spheroids, which provide large roughness factor (Rf ) but low mass-specic electrochemically active surface area (EASA). Lowering the nucleation overpotential leads to highly porous Pt NPs with pores protruding to the center of the structure. At the expense of smaller Rf , the obtained EASA values of these structures are in the range of these of large surface area supported fuel cell catalysts. The active surface area of the Pt dendritic NPs was measured by electron tomography and it was found that the potential cycling in the H adsorption/desorption and Pt oxidation/reduction region, which is generally performed to determine the EASA, leads to a signicant reduction of that surface area due to a partial collapse of their dendritic and porous morphology. Interestingly, the extrapolation of the microscopic tomography results to macroscopic electrochemical parameters indicated that the surface properties measured by H UPD are comparable to the values measured on individual NPs by electron tomography after the degradation caused by the H UPD measurement. These results highlight that the combination of electrochemical and quantitative 3D surface analysis techniques is essential to provide insights into the surface properties, the electrochemical stability and, hence, the applicability of these materials. Moreover, it indicates that care must be taken with widely used electrochemical methods of surface area determination, especially in the case of large surface area and possibly unstable nanostructures, since the measured surface can be strongly aected by the measurement itself. | ||||
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Language | Wos | 000401782500028 | Publication Date | 2017-04-18 | |
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ISSN | 1944-8244 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 7.504 | Times cited | 24 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | Jon Ustarroz acknowledges funding from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek in Flanders (FWO, postdoctoral grant 12I7816N). S. Bals acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (Starting Grant No. COLOURATOMS 335078). S.B. and T.B. acknowledge the University of Antwerp for nancial support in the frame of a GOA project. H.V. gratefully acknowledges nancial support by the Flemish Fund for Scientic Research (FWO Vlaanderen). All the authors acknowledge Laurens Stevaert for his contribution to the work presented in this manuscript. (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot); ECAS_Sara | Approved | Most recent IF: 7.504 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:142345UA @ admin @ c:irua:142345 | Serial | 4552 | ||
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Author | Smolin, S.Y.; Choquette, A.K.; Wilks, R.G.; Gauquelin, N.; Félix, R.; Gerlach, D.; Ueda, S.; Krick, A.L.; Verbeeck, J.; Bär, M.; Baxter, J.B.; May, S.J. | ||||
Title | Energy Level Alignment and Cation Charge States at the LaFeO3/LaMnO3(001) Heterointerface | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Advanced Materials Interfaces | Abbreviated Journal | Adv Mater Interfaces |
Volume | 4 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 1700183 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | The electronic properties of LaFeO 3 /LaMnO 3 epitaxial heterojunctions are investigated to determine the valence and conduction band offsets and the nominal Mn and Fe valence states at the interface. Studying a systematic series of (LaFeO 3 ) n /(LaMnO 3 ) m bilayers (m ≈ 50) epitaxially grown in the (001) orientation using molecular beam epitaxy, layer-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy reveals a lack of significant interfacial charge transfer, with a nominal 3+ valence state observed for both Mn and Fe across the interface. Through a combination of variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry and hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, type I energy level alignments are obtained at the LaFeO 3 /LaMnO 3 interface with positive valence and conduction band offsets of (1.20 ± 0.07) eV and (0.5–0.7 ± 0.3) eV, respectively, with minimal band bending. Variable temperature resistivity measurements reveal that the bilayers remain insulating and that the presence of the heterojunction does not result in a conducting interface. | ||||
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Language | Wos | 000406068400011 | Publication Date | 2017-04-26 | |
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ISSN | 2196-7350 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 4.279 | Times cited | 14 | Open Access | Not_Open_Access |
Notes | The authors thank Dmytro Nykypanchuk for assistance with the near- infrared ellipsometry measurement of the LaMnO 3 film. S.Y.S., A.K.C., J.B.B, and S.J.M. acknowledge funding from the National Science Foundation under grant number ECCS-1201957. S.Y.S. acknowledges additional funding from the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) through the Research Internships in Science and Engineering (RISE) professional program 2015 ID 5708457. A.L.K. was funded by the National Science Foundation under grant number DMR-1151649. J.V. and N.G. acknowledge funding through the GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp and from the FWO project G.0044.13N (Charge ordering). The microscope used in this work was partly funded by the Hercules Fund from the Flemish Government. Ellipsometry measurements of the LaMnO 3 film were carried out at the Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-ACO2-98CH10886. S.U. would like to thank the staff of HiSOR, Hiroshima University, and JAEA/Spring-8 for the development of HAXPES at BL15XU of SPring-8. The HAXPES measurements were performed with approval of NIMS Synchrotron X-ray Station (Proposal No. 2015B4601), and were partly supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), Japan. The authors also thank HZB for the allocation of synchrotron radiation beamtime for HAXPES/XANES measurements. R.G.W., R.F, and M.B. are grateful to the Impuls- und Vernetzungsfonds of the Helmholtz Association (VH-NG-423).; National Science Foundation, ECCS-1201957 DMR-1151649 ; Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, 2015 ID 5708457 ; GOA project; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G.0044.13N ; Flemish Government; U.S. Department of Energy, DE-ACO2-98CH10886 ; Vernetzungsfonds of the Helmholtz Association, VH-NG-423 ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.279 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:142346UA @ admin @ c:irua:142346 | Serial | 4553 | ||
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