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Author | Walters, A.A.; Santacana-Font, G.; Li, J.; Routabi, N.; Qin, Y.; Claes, N.; Bals, S.; Tzu-Wen Wang, J.; Al-Jamal, K.T. | ||||
Title | Nanoparticle-MediatedIn SituMolecular Reprogramming of Immune Checkpoint Interactions for Cancer Immunotherapy | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Acs Nano | Abbreviated Journal | Acs Nano |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 17549-17564 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Immune checkpoint blockade involves targeting immune regulatory molecules with antibodies. Preclinically, complex multiantibody regimes of both inhibitory and stimulatory targets are a promising candidate for the next generation of immunotherapy. However, in this setting, the antibody platform may be limited due to excessive toxicity caused by off target effects as a result of systemic administration. RNA can be used as an alternate to antibodies as it can both downregulate immunosuppressive checkpoints (siRNA) or induce expression of immunostimulatory checkpoints (mRNA). In this study, we demonstrate that the combination of both siRNA and mRNA in a single formulation can simultaneously knockdown and induce expression of immune checkpoint targets, thereby reprogramming the tumor microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immunostimulatory phenotype. To achieve this, RNA constructs were synthesized and formulated into stable nucleic acid lipid nanoparticles (SNALPs); the SNALPs produced were 140−150 nm in size with >80% loading efficiency. SNALPs could transfect macrophages and B16F10 cells in vitro resulting in 75% knockdown of inhibitory checkpoint (PDL1) expression and simultaneously express high levels of stimulatory checkpoint (OX40L) with minimal toxicity. Intratumoral treatment with the proposed formulation resulted in statistically reduced tumor growth, a greater density of CD4+ and CD8+ infiltrates in the tumor, and immune activation within tumor-draining lymph nodes. These data suggest that a single RNA-based formulation can successfully reprogram multiple immune checkpoint interactions on a cellular level. Such a candidate may be able to replace future immune checkpoint therapeutic regimes composed of both stimulatory- and inhibitory-receptor-targeting antibodies. |
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Wos | 000747115200039 | Publication Date | 2021-11-23 | |
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ISSN | 1936-0851 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 13.942 | Times cited | 11 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | A.A.W. is the grateful recipient of a Maplethorpe Fellowship. K.A.J. acknowledges funding from the British Council (Newton Fund, 337313), Wellcome Trust (WT103913), and the Cancer Research UK King’s Health Partners Centre at King’s College London. Financial support is acknowledged from the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 Programme, by means of Grant Agreement No. 731019 (EUSMI). Images were drawn on BioRender.com. | Approved | Most recent IF: 13.942 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:183950 | Serial | 6829 | ||
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Author | Renero-Lecuna, C.; Herrero, A.; Jimenez de Aberasturi, D.; Martínez-Flórez, M.; Valiente, R.; Mychinko, M.; Bals, S.; Liz-Marzán, L.M. | ||||
Title | Nd3+-Doped Lanthanum Oxychloride Nanocrystals as Nanothermometers | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Journal Of Physical Chemistry C | Abbreviated Journal | J Phys Chem C |
Volume | 125 | Issue | 36 | Pages | 19887-19896 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | The development of optical nanothermometers operating in the near-infrared (NIR) is of high relevance toward temperature measurements in biological systems. We propose herein the use of Nd3+-doped lanthanum oxychloride nanocrystals as an efficient system with intense photoluminescence under NIR irradiation in the first biological transparency window and emission in the second biological window with excellent emission stability over time under 808 nm excitation, regardless of Nd3+ concentration, which can be considered as a particular strength of our system. Additionally, surface passivation through overgrowth of an inert LaOCl shell around optically active LaOCl/Nd3+ cores was found to further enhance the photoluminescence intensity and also the lifetime of the 1066 nm, 4F3/2 to 4I11/2 transition, without affecting its (ratiometric) sensitivity toward temperature changes. As required for biological applications, we show that the obtained (initially hydrophobic) nanocrystals can be readily transferred into aqueous solvents with high, long-term stability, through either ligand exchange or encapsulation with an amphiphilic polymer. | ||||
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Wos | 000697335100031 | Publication Date | 2021-09-16 | |
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ISSN | 1932-7447 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 4.536 | Times cited | 9 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | The authors thank the financial support of the European Research Council (ERC-AdG-2017 787510, ERC-CoG-2019 815128) and of the European Commission (EUSMI, Grant 731019). This work was performed under the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program from the Spanish State Research Agency−Grant MDM-2017−0720. Realnano; sygmaSB | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.536 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:181671 | Serial | 6831 | ||
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Author | Mushtaq, A.; Pradhan, B.; Kushavah, D.; Zhang, Y.; Wolf, M.; Schrenker, N.; Fron, E.; Bals, S.; Hofkens, J.; Debroye, E.; Pal, S.K. | ||||
Title | Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties and Saturation of Two-Photon Absorption in Lead-Free Double Perovskite Nanocrystals under Femtosecond Excitation | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Acs Photonics | Abbreviated Journal | Acs Photonics |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 3365-3374 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Lead halide perovskites have been widely explored in the field of photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, and lasers due to their outstanding linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. But, the presence of lead toxicity and low chemical stability remain serious concerns. Lead-free double perovskite with excellent optical properties and chemical stability could be an alternative. However, proper examination of the NLO properties of such a material is crucial to identify their utility for future nonlinear device applications. Herein, we have made use of femtosecond (fs) Z-scan technique to explore the NLO properties of Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 nanocrystals (NCs). Our measurements suggest that under nonresonant fs excitation, perovskite NCs exhibit strong twophoton absorption (TPA). The observed saturation of TPA at high light intensities has been explained by a customized model. Furthermore, we have demonstrated a change in the nonlinear refractive index of the NCs under varying input intensities. The strong TPA absorption of lead-free double perovskite NCs could be used for Kerr nonlinearity-based nonlinear applications such as optical shutters for picosecond lasers. |
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Wos | 000757024100028 | Publication Date | 2021-11-17 | |
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ISSN | 2330-4022 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 6.756 | Times cited | 25 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | A.M. is thankful to IIT Mandi for his fellowship and Advanced Materials Research Centre for the experimental facilities. A.M. is also thankful to Torbjörn Pascher (Pascher Instrument) for writing the Z-scan data acquisition program. J.H. acknowledges financial support from the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO, Grant No. G983.19N, G0A5817N, and G0H6316N) and the Flemish government through long-term structural funding Methusalem (CASAS2, Meth/15/04). B.P. acknowledges postdoctoral fellowship from the Research Foundation- Flanders (FWO Grant No. 1275521N). D.K. acknowledges the financial support from Science and Engineering Research Board (Grant No. PDF/2018/003146), India. N.J.S. acknowledges financial support from the Research Foundation- Flanders via a postdoctoral fellowship (FWO Grant No. 1238622N). | Approved | Most recent IF: 6.756 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:184249 | Serial | 6832 | ||
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Author | Feng, X.; Jena, H.S.; Krishnaraj, C.; Arenas-Esteban, D.; Leus, K.; Wang, G.; Sun, J.; Rüscher, M.; Timoshenko, J.; Roldan Cuenya, B.; Bals, S.; Voort, P.V.D. | ||||
Title | Creation of Exclusive Artificial Cluster Defects by Selective Metal Removal in the (Zn, Zr) Mixed-Metal UiO-66 | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Journal Of The American Chemical Society | Abbreviated Journal | J Am Chem Soc |
Volume | Issue | Pages | jacs.1c05357 | ||
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | The differentiation between missing linker defects and missing cluster defects in MOFs is difficult, thereby limiting the ability to correlate materials properties to a specific type of defects. Herein, we present a novel and easy synthesis strategy for the creation of solely “missing cluster defects” by preparing mixed-metal (Zn, Zr)-UiO-66 followed by a gentle acid wash to remove the Zn nodes. The resulting material has the reo UiO-66 structure, typical for well-defined missing cluster defects. The missing clusters are thoroughly characterized, including low-pressure Ar-sorption, iDPCSTEM at a low dose (1.5 pA), and XANES/EXAFS analysis. We show that the missing cluster UiO-66 has a negligible number of missing linkers. We show the performance of the missing cluster UiO-66 in CO2 sorption and heterogeneous catalysis. |
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Wos | 000730569500001 | Publication Date | 2021-12-07 | |
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ISSN | 0002-7863 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 13.858 | Times cited | 29 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | Agentschap Innoveren en Ondernemen, HBC.2019.0110 HBC.2021.0254 ; Universiteit Gent; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 665501 ; Dalian University of Technology; China Scholarship Council, 201507565009 ; National Natural Science Foundation of China, 22101039 ; H2020 European Research Council, 815128 REALNANO ; sygmaSB | Approved | Most recent IF: 13.858 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:183951 | Serial | 6833 | ||
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Author | Chee, S.-S.; Greboval, C.; Vale Magalhaes, D.; Ramade, J.; Chu, A.; Qu, J.; Rastogi, P.; Khalili, A.; Dang, T.H.; Dabard, C.; Prado, Y.; Patriarche, G.; Chaste, J.; Rosticher, M.; Bals, S.; Delerue, C.; Lhuillier, E. | ||||
Title | Correlating structure and detection properties in HgTe nanocrystal films | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Nano Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Nano Lett |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 4145-4151 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | HgTe nanocrystals (NCs) enable broadly tunable infrared absorption, now commonly used to design light sensors. This material tends to grow under multipodic shapes and does not present well-defined size distributions. Such point generates traps and reduces the particle packing, leading to a reduced mobility. It is thus highly desirable to comprehensively explore the effect of the shape on their performance. Here, we show, using a combination of electron tomography and tight binding simulations, that the charge dissociation is strong within HgTe NCs, but poorly shape dependent. Then, we design a dual-gate field-effect-transistor made of tripod HgTe NCs and use it to generate a planar p-n junction, offering more tunability than its vertical geometry counterpart. Interestingly, the performance of the tripods is higher than sphere ones, and this can be correlated with a stronger Te excess in the case of sphere shapes which is responsible for a higher hole trap density. | ||||
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Wos | 000657242300002 | Publication Date | 2021-05-06 | |
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ISSN | 1530-6984 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 12.712 | Times cited | 20 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | The project is supported by ERC starting grant blackQD (Grant No. 756225) and consolidator grant Realnano (815128). This project has received funding from the European Commission (Grant 731019, EUSMI). We acknowledge the use of cleanroom facilities from the “Centrale de Proximité Paris-Centre”. This work has been supported by the Region Ile-de-France in the framework of DIM Nano-K (Grant dopQD). This work was supported by French state funds managed by the ANR within the Investissements d’Avenir programme under reference ANR11-IDEX-0004-02, and more specifically within the framework of the Cluster of Excellence MATISSE and also by grants IPERNano2 (ANR-18CE30-0023-01), Copin (ANR-19-CE24- 0022), Frontal (ANR-19-CE09-0017), Graskop (ANR-19- CE09-0026), and NITQuantum (ANR-20-ASTR-0008-01). A.C. thanks Agence innovation defense for Ph.D. funding; sygmaSB | Approved | Most recent IF: 12.712 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:179127 | Serial | 6837 | ||
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Author | Salzmann, B.B.V.; Vliem, J.F.; Maaskant, D.N.; Post, L.C.; Li, C.; Bals, S.; Vanmaekelbergh, D. | ||||
Title | From CdSe nanoplatelets to quantum rings by thermochemical edge reconfiguration | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Chemistry Of Materials | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Mater |
Volume | 33 | Issue | 17 | Pages | 6853-6859 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | The variation in the shape of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) remains intriguing. This interest goes beyond crystallography as the shape of the NC determines its energy levels and optoelectronic properties. While thermodynamic arguments point to a few or just a single shape(s), terminated by the most stable crystal facets, a remarkable variation in NC shape has been reported for many different compounds. For instance, for the well-studied case of CdSe, close-to-spherical quantum dots, rods, two-dimensional nanoplatelets, and quantum rings have been reported. Here, we report how two-dimensional CdSe nanoplatelets reshape into quantum rings. We monitor the reshaping in real time by combining atomically resolved structural characterization with optical absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. We observe that CdSe units leave the vertical sides of the edges and recrystallize on the top and bottom edges of the nanoplatelets, resulting in a thickening of the rims. The formation of a central hole, rendering the shape into a ring, only occurs at a more elevated temperature. | ||||
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Wos | 000696553600024 | Publication Date | 2021-08-24 | |
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ISSN | 0897-4756; 1520-5002 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 9.466 | Times cited | 7 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | Hans Meeldijk is kindly acknowledged for helping with electron microscopy at Utrecht University. B.B.V.S. and D.V. acknowledge the Dutch NWO for financial support via the TOP-ECHO grant no. 715.016.002. D.V. acknowledges financial support from the European ERC Council, ERC Advanced grant 692691 “First Step”. D.V. and L.C.P. acknowledge the Dutch NWO for financial support via the TOP-ECHO grant nr. 718.015.002. S.B acknowledges financial support from the European ERC Council, ERC Consolidator grant 815128. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement no. 731019 (EUSMI). Realnano; sygmaSB | Approved | Most recent IF: 9.466 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:181550 | Serial | 6839 | ||
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Author | Coeck, R.; Meeprasert, J.; Li, G.; Altantzis, T.; Bals, S.; Pidko, E.A.; De Vos, D.E. | ||||
Title | Gold and silver-catalyzed reductive amination of aromatic carboxylic acids to benzylic amines | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Acs Catalysis | Abbreviated Journal | Acs Catal |
Volume | 11 | Issue | 13 | Pages | 7672-7684 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT) | ||||
Abstract | The reductive amination of benzoic acid and its derivatives would be an effective addition to current synthesis methods for benzylamine. However, with current technology it is very difficult to keep the aromaticity intact when starting from benzoic acid, and salt wastes are often generated in the process. Here, we report a heterogeneous catalytic system for such a reductive amination, requiring solely H-2 and NH3 as the reactants. The Ag/TiO2 or Au/TiO2 catalysts can be used multiple times, and very little noble metal is required, only 0.025 mol % Au. The catalysts are bifunctional: the support catalyzes the dehydration of both the ammonium carboxylate to the amide and of the amide to the nitrile, while the sites at the metal-support interface promote the hydrogenation of the in situ generated nitrile. Yields of up to 92% benzylamine were obtained. | ||||
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Wos | 000670659900005 | Publication Date | 2021-06-10 | |
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ISSN | 2155-5435 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 10.614 | Times cited | 16 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | R.C. thanks the FWO for his SB PhD fellowship. D.E.D.V. acknowledges FWO for research project funding, as well as KU Leuven for funding in the Metusalem program Casas. S.B. acknowledges support from the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator grant #815128 REALNANO). T.A. acknowledges funding from the University of Antwerp Research fund (BOF). E.A.P. acknowledges the support from the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator grant #725686 DeliCAT). J.M. acknowledges financial support through the Royal Thai Government Scholarship. DFT calculations on SURFsara supercomputer facilities were performed with support from the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO).; sygmaSB | Approved | Most recent IF: 10.614 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:179851 | Serial | 6840 | ||
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Author | Abakumov, A.M.; Li, C.; Boev, A.; Aksyonov, D.A.; Savina, A.A.; Abakumova, T.A.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bals, S. | ||||
Title | Grain boundaries as a diffusion-limiting factor in lithium-rich NMC cathodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | ACS applied energy materials | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 4 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 6777-6786 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | High-energy lithium-rich layered transition metal oxides are capable of delivering record electrochemical capacity and energy density as positive electrodes for Li-ion batteries. Their electrochemical behavior is extremely complex due to sophisticated interplay between crystal structure, electronic structure, and defect structure. Here we unravel an extra level of this complexity by revealing that the most typical representative Li1.2Ni0.13Mn0.54Co0.13O2 material, prepared by a conventional coprecipitation technique with Na2CO3 as a precipitating agent, contains abundant coherent (001) grain boundaries with a Na-enriched P2-structured block due to segregation of the residual sodium traces. The trigonal prismatic oxygen coordination of Na triggers multiple nanoscale twinning, giving rise to incoherent (104) boundaries. The cationic layers at the (001) grain boundaries are filled with transition metal cations being Mn-depleted and Co-enriched; this makes them virtually not permeable for the Li+ cations, and therefore they negatively influence the Li diffusion in and out of the spherical agglomerates. These results demonstrate that besides the mechanisms intrinsic to the crystal and electronic structure of Li-rich cathodes, their rate capability might also be depreciated by peculiar microstructural aspects. Dedicated engineering of grain boundaries opens a way for improving inherently sluggish kinetics of these materials. | ||||
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Wos | 000678382900042 | Publication Date | 2021-07-02 | |
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ISSN | 2574-0962 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | Times cited | 4 | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
Notes | We thank Dr. M. V. Berekchiian (MSU) for assisting in ICPMS measurements. We acknowledge Russian Science Foundation (Grant 20-43-01012) and Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen, Project No. G0F1320N) for financial support. | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:180556 | Serial | 6841 | ||
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Author | Pramanik, G.; Kvakova, K.; Thottappali, M.A.; Rais, D.; Pfleger, J.; Greben, M.; El-Zoka, A.; Bals, S.; Dracinsky, M.; Valenta, J.; Cigler, P. | ||||
Title | Inverse heavy-atom effect in near infrared photoluminescent gold nanoclusters | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Nanoscale | Abbreviated Journal | Nanoscale |
Volume | 12 | Issue | 23 | Pages | 10462-10467 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Fluorophores functionalized with heavy elements show enhanced intersystem crossing due to increased spin-orbit coupling, which in turn shortens the fluorescence decay lifetime (tau(PL)). This phenomenon is known as the heavy-atom effect (HAE). Here, we report the observation of increased tau(PL) upon functionalisation of near-infrared photoluminescent gold nanoclusters with iodine. The heavy atom-mediated increase in tau(PL) is in striking contrast with the HAE and referred to as inverse HAE. Femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed overcompensation of a slight decrease in lifetime of the transition associated with the Au core (ps) by a large increase in the long-lived triplet state lifetime associated with the Au shell, which contributed to the observed inverse HAE. This unique observation of inverse HAE in gold nanoclusters provides the means to enhance the triplet excited state lifetime. | ||||
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Wos | 000657052500001 | Publication Date | 2021-06-30 | |
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ISSN | 2040-3364 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 7.367 | Times cited | 1 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | The authors acknowledge support from GACR project no. 18-12533S. G. P. acknowledges support from EUSMI project no. E180200060; J. P. from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic – Program INTER-EXCELLENCE (LTAUSA19066). | Approved | Most recent IF: 7.367 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:179052 | Serial | 6843 | ||
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Author | Choukroun, D.; Pacquets, L.; Li, C.; Hoekx, S.; Arnouts, S.; Baert, K.; Hauffman, T.; Bals, S.; Breugelmans, T. | ||||
Title | Mapping composition–selectivity relationships of supported sub-10 nm Cu–Ag nanocrystals for high-rate CO₂ electroreduction | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Acs Nano | Abbreviated Journal | Acs Nano |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 14858-14872 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT) | ||||
Abstract | Colloidal Cu–Ag nanocrystals measuring less than 10 nm across are promising candidates for integration in hybrid CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) interfaces, especially in the context of tandem catalysis and selective multicarbon (C2–C3) product formation. In this work, we vary the synthetic-ligand/copper molar ratio from 0.1 to 1.0 and the silver/copper atomic ratio from 0 to 0.7 and study the variations in the nanocrystals’ size distribution, morphology and reactivity at rates of ≥100 mA cm–2 in a gas-fed recycle electrolyzer operating under neutral to mildly basic conditions (0.1–1.0 M KHCO3). High-resolution electron microscopy and spectroscopy are used in order to characterize the morphology of sub-10 nm Cu–Ag nanodimers and core–shells and to elucidate trends in Ag coverage and surface composition. It is shown that Cu–Ag nanocrystals can be densely dispersed onto a carbon black support without the need for immediate ligand removal or binder addition, which considerably facilitates their application. Although CO2RR product distribution remains an intricate function of time, (kinetic) overpotential and processing conditions, we nevertheless conclude that the ratio of oxygenates to hydrocarbons (which depends primarily on the initial dispersion of the nanocrystals and their composition) rises 3-fold at moderate Ag atom % relative to Cu NCs-based electrodes. Finally, the merits of this particular Cu–Ag/C system and the recycling reactor employed are utilized to obtain maximum C2–C3 partial current densities of 92–140 mA cm–2 at −1.15 VRHE and liquid product concentrations in excess of 0.05 wt % in 1 M KHCO3 after short electrolysis periods. | ||||
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Wos | 000703553600082 | Publication Date | 2021-08-24 | |
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ISSN | 1936-0851 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 13.942 | Times cited | 25 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | D.C. acknowledges Thomas Kenis for configuring the analytical instrumentation (HPLC/GC-FID/ICP-MS), Hannelore Andries for assistance with ICP-MS measurements, and Dr. Saeid Pourbabak and Dr. Tine Derez for assistance with Cu sputtering. L.P. was supported by Research Foundation of Flanders (FWO 1S56920N). S.B. acknowledges financial support from ERC Consolidator grant number 815128 REALNANO. S.B. and T.B. acknowledge financial support from the university research fund (BOF-GOA-PS ID no. 33928).; sygmaSB | Approved | Most recent IF: 13.942 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:180305 | Serial | 6844 | ||
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Author | Wang, D.; van der Wee, E.B.; Zanaga, D.; Altantzis, T.; Wu, Y.; Dasgupta, T.; Dijkstra, M.; Murray, C.B.; Bals, S.; van Blaaderen, A. | ||||
Title | Quantitative 3D real-space analysis of Laves phase supraparticles | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Nature Communications | Abbreviated Journal | Nat Commun |
Volume | 12 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 3980 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT) | ||||
Abstract | 3D real-space analysis of thick nanoparticle crystals is non-trivial. Here, the authors demonstrate the structural analysis of a bulk-like Laves phase by imaging an off-stoichiometric binary mixture of hard-sphere-like nanoparticles in spherical confinement by electron tomography, enabling defect analysis on the single-particle level. Assembling binary mixtures of nanoparticles into crystals, gives rise to collective properties depending on the crystal structure and the individual properties of both species. However, quantitative 3D real-space analysis of binary colloidal crystals with a thickness of more than 10 layers of particles has rarely been performed. Here we demonstrate that an excess of one species in the binary nanoparticle mixture suppresses the formation of icosahedral order in the self-assembly in droplets, allowing the study of bulk-like binary crystal structures with a spherical morphology also called supraparticles. As example of the approach, we show single-particle level analysis of over 50 layers of Laves phase binary crystals of hard-sphere-like nanoparticles using electron tomography. We observe a crystalline lattice composed of a random mixture of the Laves phases. The number ratio of the binary species in the crystal lattice matches that of a perfect Laves crystal. Our methodology can be applied to study the structure of a broad range of binary crystals, giving insights into the structure formation mechanisms and structure-property relations of nanomaterials. | ||||
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Wos | 000687320200032 | Publication Date | 2021-06-25 | |
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ISSN | 2041-1723 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 12.124 | Times cited | 10 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | M. Hermes is sincerely thanked for providing interactive views of the structures in this work. The authors thank I. Lobato, S. Dussi, L. Filion, E. Boattini, S. Paliwal, B. van der Meer and X. Xie for fruitful discussions. D.W., E.B.v.d.W. and A.v.B. acknowledge partial financial support from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP-2007-2013)/ERC Advanced Grant Agreement 291667 HierarSACol. T.D. and M.D. acknowledge financial support from the Industrial Partnership Program, “Computational Sciences for Energy Research” (Grant no. 13CSER025), of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), which was co-financed by Shell Global Solutions International B.V. S.B. acknowledges financial support from ERC Consolidator Grant No. 815128 REALNANO. T.A. acknowledges a post-doctoral grant from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium). C.B.M and Y.W. acknowledge support for materials synthesis from the Office of Naval Research Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Award ONR N00014-18-1-2497. The authors acknowledge EM Square center at Utrecht University for the access to the microscopes.; sygmaSB | Approved | Most recent IF: 12.124 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:181662 | Serial | 6845 | ||
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Author | Dey, A.; Ye, J.; De, A.; Debroye, E.; Ha, S.K.; Bladt, E.; Kshirsagar, A.S.; Wang, Z.; Yin, J.; Wang, Y.; Quan, L.N.; Yan, F.; Gao, M.; Li, X.; Shamsi, J.; Debnath, T.; Cao, M.; Scheel, M.A.; Kumar, S.; Steele, J.A.; Gerhard, M.; Chouhan, L.; Xu, K.; Wu, X.-gang; Li, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Dutta, A.; Han, C.; Vincon, I.; Rogach, A.L.; Nag, A.; Samanta, A.; Korgel, B.A.; Shih, C.-J.; Gamelin, D.R.; Son, D.H.; Zeng, H.; Zhong, H.; Sun, H.; Demir, H.V.; Scheblykin, I.G.; Mora-Sero, I.; Stolarczyk, J.K.; Zhang, J.Z.; Feldmann, J.; Hofkens, J.; Luther, J.M.; Perez-Prieto, J.; Li, L.; Manna, L.; Bodnarchuk, M., I; Kovalenko, M., V; Roeffaers, M.B.J.; Pradhan, N.; Mohammed, O.F.; Bakr, O.M.; Yang, P.; Muller-Buschbaum, P.; Kamat, P., V; Bao, Q.; Zhang, Q.; Krahne, R.; Galian, R.E.; Stranks, S.D.; Bals, S.; Biju, V.; Tisdale, W.A.; Yan, Y.; Hoye, R.L.Z.; Polavarapu, L. | ||||
Title | State of the art and prospects for Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Acs Nano | Abbreviated Journal | Acs Nano |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 10775-10981 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Metal-halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as one of the most promising materials of the 21st century, with many exciting properties and great potential for a broad range of applications, from photovoltaics to optoelectronics and photocatalysis. The ease with which metal-halide perovskites can be synthesized in the form of brightly luminescent colloidal nanocrystals, as well as their tunable and intriguing optical and electronic properties, has attracted researchers from different disciplines of science and technology. In the last few years, there has been a significant progress in the shape-controlled synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals and understanding of their properties and applications. In this comprehensive review, researchers having expertise in different fields (chemistry, physics, and device engineering) of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals have joined together to provide a state of the art overview and future prospects of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystal research. | ||||
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Wos | 000679406500006 | Publication Date | 2021-06-17 | |
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ISSN | 1936-0851 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 13.942 | Times cited | 538 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | E.D. and J.H. acknowledge financial support from the Research FoundationFlanders (FWO Grant Nos. S002019N, G.0B39.15, G.0B49.15, G.0962.13, G098319N, and ZW15_09-GOH6316), the Research Foundation Flanders postdoctoral fellowships to J.A.S. and E.D. (FWO Grant Nos. 12Y7218N and 12O3719N, respectively), | Approved | Most recent IF: 13.942 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:180553 | Serial | 6846 | ||
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Author | Sanchez-Iglesias, A.; Jenkinson, K.; Bals, S.; Liz-Marzan, L.M. | ||||
Title | Kinetic regulation of the synthesis of pentatwinned gold nanorods below room temperature | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Journal Of Physical Chemistry C | Abbreviated Journal | J Phys Chem C |
Volume | 125 | Issue | 43 | Pages | 23937-23944 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | The synthesis of gold nanorods requires the presence of symmetry-breaking and shape-directing additives, among which bromide ions and quaternary ammonium surfactants have been reported as essential. As a result, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been selected as the most efficient surfactant to direct anisotropic growth. One of the difficulties arising from this selection is the low solubility of CTAB in water at room temperature, and therefore the seeded growth of gold nanorods is usually performed at 25 degrees C or above, which has restricted so far the analysis of kinetic effects derived from lower temperatures. We report a systematic study of the synthesis of gold nanorods from pentatwinned seeds using hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) as the principal surfactant and a low concentration of bromide as shape-directing agent. Under these conditions, the synthesis can be performed at temperatures as low as 8 degrees C, and the corresponding kinetic effects can be studied, resulting in temperature-controlled aspect ratio tunability. | ||||
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Wos | 000716453300038 | Publication Date | 2021-10-23 | |
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ISSN | 1932-7447; 1932-7455 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 4.536 | Times cited | 6 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | realnano; sygmaSB; This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under award NSF CHE-1808502 (P.C. and I.J.). This work made use of the EPIC facility of Northwestern University's NUANCE Center, which has received support from the SHyNE Resource (NSF ECCS-2025633), the IIN, and Northwestern's MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1720139). D.A E. and S.B. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC Consolidator Grants No. 815128 REALNANO and Grant Agreement No. 731019 EUSMI). | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.536 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:184104 | Serial | 6868 | ||
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Author | Zhang, Y.; Qin, S.; Claes, N.; Schilling, W.; Sahoo, P.K.; Ching, H.Y.V.; Jaworski, A.; Lemière, F.; Slabon, A.; Van Doorslaer, S.; Bals, S.; Das, S. | ||||
Title | Direct Solar Energy-Mediated Synthesis of Tertiary Benzylic Alcohols Using a Metal-Free Heterogeneous Photocatalyst | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering | Abbreviated Journal | Acs Sustain Chem Eng |
Volume | 10 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 530-540 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Organic synthesis (ORSY) | ||||
Abstract | Direct hydroxylation via the functionalization of tertiary benzylic C(sp3)-H bond is of great significance for obtaining tertiary alcohols which find wide applications in pharmaceuticals as well as in fine chemical industries. However, current synthetic procedures use toxic reagents and therefore, the development of a sustainable strategy for the synthesis of tertiary benzyl alcohols is highly desirable. To solve this problem, herein, we report a metal-free heterogeneous photocatalyst to synthesize the hydroxylated products using oxygen as the key reagent. Various benzylic substrates were employed into our mild reaction conditions to afford the desirable products in good to excellent yields. More importantly, gram-scale reaction was achieved via harvesting direct solar energy and exhibited high quantity of the product. The high stability of the catalyst was proved via recycling the catalyst and spectroscopic analyses. Finally, a possible mechanism was proposed based on the EPR and other experimental evidence. |
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Wos | 000736518000001 | Publication Date | 2022-01-10 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2168-0485 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 8.4 | Times cited | 24 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | We thank BOF joint PhD grant (to Y. Z.), Francqui Foundation and FWO research grant (to S.D.), Chinese Scholarship Council (to Y.Z.). A.S. would like to thank the Swedish Energy Agency for financial support (project nr: 5050-1). The SEM microscope was partly funded by the Hercules Fund from the Flemish Government. | Approved | Most recent IF: 8.4 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:184744 | Serial | 6900 | ||
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Author | Zheng, Y.-R.; Vernieres, J.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, K.; Hochfilzer, D.; Krempl, K.; Liao, T.-W.; Presel, F.; Altantzis, T.; Fatermans, J.; Scott, S.B.; Secher, N.M.; Moon, C.; Liu, P.; Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; Cao, A.; Anand, M.; Nørskov, J.K.; Kibsgaard, J.; Chorkendorff, I. | ||||
Title | Monitoring oxygen production on mass-selected iridium–tantalum oxide electrocatalysts | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Nature Energy | Abbreviated Journal | Nat Energy |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT) | ||||
Abstract | Development of low-cost and high-performance oxygen evolution reaction catalysts is key to implementing polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers for hydrogen production. Iridium-based oxides are the state-of-the-art acidic oxygen evolution reactio catalysts but still suffer from inadequate activity and stability, and iridium's scarcity motivates the discovery of catalysts with lower iridium loadings. Here we report a mass-selected iridium-tantalum oxide catalyst prepared by a magnetron-based cluster source with considerably reduced noble-metal loadings beyond a commercial IrO2 catalyst. A sensitive electrochemistry/mass-spectrometry instrument coupled with isotope labelling was employed to investigate the oxygen production rate under dynamic operating conditions to account for the occurrence of side reactions and quantify the number of surface active sites. Iridium-tantalum oxide nanoparticles smaller than 2 nm exhibit a mass activity of 1.2 ± 0.5 kA “g” _“Ir” ^“-1” and a turnover frequency of 2.3 ± 0.9 s-1 at 320 mV overpotential, which are two and four times higher than those of mass-selected IrO2, respectively. Density functional theory calculations reveal that special iridium coordinations and the lowered aqueous decomposition free energy might be responsible for the enhanced performance. | ||||
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Wos | 000728458000001 | Publication Date | 2021-12-09 | |
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2058-7546 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | Times cited | 95 | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
Notes | Y.-R.Z. and Z.W acknowledge funding from the Toyota Research Institute. This project has received funding from VILLUM FONDEN (grant no. 9455) and the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grants no. 741860-CLUNATRA, no. 815128−REALNANO and no. 770887−PICOMETRICS). S.B. and S.V.A. acknowledge funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, G026718N and G050218N). T.A. acknowledges the University of Antwerp Research Fund (BOF). STEM measurements were supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research Infrastructure-Integrating Activities for Advanced Communities under grant agreement No 823717 – ESTEEM3.; sygmaSB | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:184794 | Serial | 6903 | ||
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Author | Altantzis, T.; Wang, D.; Kadu, A.; van Blaaderen, A.; Bals, S. | ||||
Title | Optimized 3D Reconstruction of Large, Compact Assemblies of Metallic Nanoparticles | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Journal Of Physical Chemistry C | Abbreviated Journal | J Phys Chem C |
Volume | 125 | Issue | 47 | Pages | 26240-26246 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT) | ||||
Abstract | 3D characterization of assemblies of nanoparticles is of great importance to determine their structure-property connection. Such investigations become increasingly more challenging when the assemblies become larger and more compact. In this paper, we propose an optimized approach for electron tomography to minimize artefacts related to beam broadening in High Angle Annular Dark-Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy mode. These artefacts are typically present at one side of the reconstructed 3D data set for thick nanoparticle assemblies. To overcome this problem, we propose a procedure in which two tomographic tilt series of the same sample are acquired. After acquiring the first series, the sample is flipped over 180o, and a second tilt series is acquired. By merging the two reconstructions, blurring in the reconstructed volume is minimized. Next, this approach is combined with an advanced three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm yielding quantitative structural information. Here, the approach is applied to a thick and compact assembly of spherical Au nanoparticles, but the methodology can we used to investigate a broad range of samples. | ||||
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Wos | 000752810100031 | Publication Date | 2021-12-02 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1932-7447 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 4.536 | Times cited | 4 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | This work was supported by the European Research Council (grant No. 815128−REALNANO to S.B.). T.A. acknowledges the University of Antwerp Research fund (BOF). D.W. and A.v.B. acknowledge partial financial support from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Seventh Framework Program (FP-2007-2013)/ERC Advanced Grant Agreement 291667 HierarSACol. D.W. acknowledges an Individual Fellowship funded by the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) in Horizon 2020 program (grant 894254 SuprAtom).; sygmaSB | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.536 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:185224 | Serial | 6904 | ||
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Author | Pramanik, G.; Kvakova, K.; Thottappali, M.A.; Rais, D.; Pfleger, J.; Greben, M.; El-Zoka, A.; Bals, S.; Dracinsky, M.; Valenta, J.; Cigler, P. | ||||
Title | Inverse heavy-atom effect in near infrared photoluminescent gold nanoclusters | Type | A1 Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Nanoscale | Abbreviated Journal | Nanoscale |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 23 | Pages | 10462-10467 |
Keywords | A1 Journal Article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) ; | ||||
Abstract | Fluorophores functionalized with heavy elements show enhanced intersystem crossing due to increased spin–orbit coupling, which in turn shortens the fluorescence decay lifetime (<italic>τ</italic><sup>PL</sup>). This phenomenon is known as the heavy-atom effect (HAE). Here, we report the observation of increased<italic>τ</italic><sup>PL</sup>upon functionalisation of near-infrared photoluminescent gold nanoclusters with iodine. The heavy atom-mediated increase in<italic>τ</italic><sup>PL</sup>is in striking contrast with the HAE and referred to as inverse HAE. Femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed overcompensation of a slight decrease in lifetime of the transition associated with the Au core (ps) by a large increase in the long-lived triplet state lifetime associated with the Au shell, which contributed to the observed inverse HAE. This unique observation of inverse HAE in gold nanoclusters provides the means to enhance the triplet excited state lifetime. | ||||
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Wos | Publication Date | 2021-05-24 | ||
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
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ISSN | 2040-3364 | ISBN | Additional Links | ||
Impact Factor | 7.367 | Times cited | 7 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | The authors acknowledge support from GACR project Nr.18- 12533S. G. P. acknowledges support from EUSMI project No. E180200060; J.P. from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic – Program INTER-EXCELLENCE (LTAUSA19066). | Approved | Most recent IF: 7.367 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @ | Serial | 6950 | ||
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Author | Veronesi, S.; Pfusterschmied, G.; Fabbri, F.; Leitgeb, M.; Arif, O.; Esteban, D.A.; Bals, S.; Schmid, U.; Heun, S. | ||||
Title | 3D arrangement of epitaxial graphene conformally grown on porousified crystalline SiC | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Carbon | Abbreviated Journal | Carbon |
Volume | 189 | Issue | Pages | 210-218 | |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | |||||
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Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
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Wos | 000760358800008 | Publication Date | 2021-12-17 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0008-6223 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 10.9 | Times cited | 3 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | Horizon 2020; European Commission; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme; European Research Council, 128 731 019 ; European Research Council, REALNANO 815 128 ; sygmaSB | Approved | Most recent IF: 10.9 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:186583 | Serial | 6952 | ||
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Author | Salzmann, B.B.V.; Wit, J. de; Li, C.; Arenas-Esteban, D.; Bals, S.; Meijerink, A.; Vanmaekelbergh, D. | ||||
Title | Two-Dimensional CdSe-PbSe Heterostructures and PbSe Nanoplatelets: Formation, Atomic Structure, and Optical Properties | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | The journal of physical chemistry: C : nanomaterials and interfaces | Abbreviated Journal | J Phys Chem C |
Volume | 126 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 1513-1522 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | |||||
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Wos | 000744909200001 | Publication Date | 2022-01-27 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1932-7447 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 3.7 | Times cited | 12 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | H. Meeldijk is kindly acknowledged for helping with electron microscopy at Utrecht University. T. Prins is kindly acknowledged for useful discussions. B.B.V.S. and D.V. acknowledge the Dutch NWO for financial support via the TOP-ECHO Grant No. 715.016.002. D.V. acknowledges financial support from the European ERC Council, ERC Advanced Grant 692691 “First Step”. J.W. and A.M. acknowledge financial support from the project CHEMIE.PGT.2019.004 of TKI/ Topsector Chemie, which is partly financed by the Dutch NWO. S.B, C.L., and D.A.E. acknowledge financial support from the European ERC Council, ERC Consolidator Grant realnano No. 815128. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant No. 731019 (EUSMI). sygmaSB | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.7 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:185454 | Serial | 6953 | ||
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Author | Stuyck, W.; Bugaev, A.L.; Nelis, T.; de Oliveira-Silva, R.; Smolders, S.; Usoltsev, O.A.; Arenas Esteban, D.; Bals, S.; Sakellariou, D.; De Vos, D. | ||||
Title | Sustainable formation of tricarballylic acid from citric acid over highly stable Pd/Nb2O5.nH2O catalysts | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Journal of catalysis | Abbreviated Journal | J Catal |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
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Wos | 000792492100009 | Publication Date | 2022-02-17 | |
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0021-9517 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 7.3 | Times cited | 5 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Russian Science Foundation, 20-43-01015 ; KU Leuven, METU14/04 MK-5853.2021.1.2 ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 7.3 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:186580 | Serial | 6954 | ||
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Author | Van Everbroeck, T.; Wu, J.; Arenas-Esteban, D.; Ciocarlan, R.-G.; Mertens, M.; Bals, S.; Dujardin, C.; Granger, P.; Seftel, E.M.; Cool, P. | ||||
Title | ZnAl layered double hydroxide based catalysts (with Cu, Mn, Ti) used as noble metal-free three-way catalysts | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Applied clay science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl Clay Sci |
Volume | 217 | Issue | Pages | 106390 | |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA) | ||||
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Wos | 000795870100004 | Publication Date | 2022-01-02 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0169-1317 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 5.6 | Times cited | 6 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | The authors acknowledge financial support by theEuropean Union’s Horizon 2020 Project Partial-PGMs (H2020-NMP-686086). R-G C. and P.C. acknowledge the FWO-Flanders (project no. G038215N) for financial support. S⋅B and D.A.E thank the financial support of the European Research Council (ERC-CoG-2019 815128). The authors are grateful to Johnson Matthey, UK, for supplying the commercial benchmark catalysts; realnano; sygmaSB | Approved | Most recent IF: 5.6 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:186956 | Serial | 6955 | ||
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Author | Heyvaert, W.; Pedrazo-Tardajos, A.; Kadu, A.; Claes, N.; González-Rubio, G.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Albrecht, W.; Bals, S. | ||||
Title | Quantification of the Helical Morphology of Chiral Gold Nanorods | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | ACS materials letters | Abbreviated Journal | ACS Materials Lett. |
Volume | 4 | Issue | Pages | 642-649 | |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Chirality in inorganic nanoparticles and nanostructures has gained increasing scientific interest, because of the possibility to tune their ability to interact differently with left- and right-handed circularly polarized light. In some cases, the optical activity is hypothesized to originate from a chiral morphology of the nanomaterial. However, quantifying the degree of chirality in objects with sizes of tens of nanometers is far from straightforward. Electron tomography offers the possibility to faithfully retrieve the three-dimensional morphology of nanomaterials, but only a qualitative interpretation of the morphology of chiral nanoparticles has been possible so far. We introduce herein a methodology that enables us to quantify the helicity of complex chiral nanomaterials, based on the geometrical properties of a helix. We demonstrate that an analysis at the single particle level can provide significant insights into the origin of chiroptical properties. | ||||
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Wos | 000784490000013 | Publication Date | 2022-03-08 | |
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2639-4979 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | Times cited | 11 | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
Notes | S.B. and A.P.-T. gratefully acknowledge funding by the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator Grant #815128-REALNANO) the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement #823717ESTEEM3. L.M.L.-M. acknowledges funding from MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033, grant # PID2020- 117779RB-I00 and the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Program from the Spanish State Research Agency (Grant No. MDM-2017-0720). G.G.-R. thanks the Spanish Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación for an FPI (BES-2014- 068972) fellowship.; SygmaSB; esteem3reported; esteem3jra | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:186959 | Serial | 6956 | ||
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Author | Windels, S.; Diefenhardt, T.; Jain, N.; Marquez, C.; Bals, S.; Schlummer, M.; De Vos, D.E. | ||||
Title | Catalytic upcycling of PVC waste-derived phthalate esters into safe, hydrogenated plasticizers | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Green chemistry : cutting-edge research for a greener sustainable future | Abbreviated Journal | Green Chem |
Volume | 24 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 754-766 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Recycling of end-of-life polyvinyl chloride (PVC) calls for solutions to deal with the vast amounts of harmful phthalate plasticizers that have historically been incorporated in PVC. Here, we report on the upcycling of such waste-extracted phthalate esters into analogues of the much safer diisononyl 1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate plasticizer (DINCH), via a catalytic one-pot (trans)esterification-hydrogenation process. For most of the virgin phthalates, Ru/Al2O3 is a highly effective hydrogenation catalyst, yielding >99% ring-hydrogenated products under mild reaction conditions (0.1 mol% Ru, 80 degrees C, 50 bar H-2). However, applying this reaction to PVC-extracted phthalates proved problematic, (1) as benzyl phthalates are hydrogenolyzed to benzoic acids that inhibit the Ru-catalyst, and (2) because impurities in the plasticizer extract (PVC, sulfur) further retard the hydrogenation. These complications were solved by coupling the hydrogenation to an in situ (trans)esterification with a higher alcohol, and by pretreating the extract with an activated carbon adsorbent. In this way, a real phthalate extract obtained from post-consumer PVC waste was eventually completely (>99%) hydrogenated to phthalate-free, cycloaliphatic plasticizers. | ||||
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Wos | 000726865200001 | Publication Date | 2021-11-30 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1463-9262; 1463-9270 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 9.8 | Times cited | 8 | Open Access | Not_Open_Access |
Notes | This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement no. 821366 (programma acronym: Circular Flooring). D. E. D. V. thanks FWO for project funding (SBO project S001819N Triple Cycle); N. J. and S. B. acknowledge the financial support from FWO and FNRS (EOS 30489208). Finally, the authors also thank S. Smolders for assistance with the TGA-MS experiments and D. Paredaens for his experimental contribution | Approved | Most recent IF: 9.8 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:184746 | Serial | 6958 | ||
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Author | Choo, P.; Arenas-Esteban, D.; Jung, I.; Chang, W.J.; Weiss, E.A.; Bals, S.; Odom, T.W. | ||||
Title | Investigating Reaction Intermediates during the Seedless Growth of Gold Nanostars Using Electron Tomography | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | ACS nano | Abbreviated Journal | Acs Nano |
Volume | 16 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 4408-4414 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Good’s buffers can act both as nucleating and shape- directing agents during the synthesis of anisotropic gold nanostars (AuNS). Although different Good’s buffers can produce AuNS shapes with branches that are oriented along specific crystallographic directions, the mechanism is not fully understood. This paper reports how an analysis of the intermediate structures during AuNS synthesis from HEPES, EPPS, and MOPS Good’s buffers can provide insight into the formation of seedless AuNS. Electron tomography of AuNS structures quenched at early times (minutes) was used to characterize the morphology of the incipient seeds, and later times were used to construct the growth maps. Through this approach, we identified how the crystallinity and shape of the first structures synthesized with different Good’s buffers determine the final AuNS morphologies. | ||||
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Wos | 000780214300084 | Publication Date | 2022-03-22 | |
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ISSN | 1936-0851 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 17.1 | Times cited | 12 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under award NSF CHE-1808502 (P.C. and I.J.). This work made use of the EPIC facility of Northwestern University’s NUANCE Center, which has received support from the SHyNE Resource (NSF ECCS-2025633), the IIN, and Northwestern’s MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1720139). D.A E. and S.B. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC Consolidator Grants No. 815128 REALNANO and Grant Agreement No. 731019 EUSMI).; sygmaSB | Approved | Most recent IF: 17.1 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:187930 | Serial | 7055 | ||
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Author | Locardi, F.; Samoli, M.; Martinelli, A.; Erdem, O.; Vale Magalhaes, D.; Bals, S.; Hens, Z. | ||||
Title | Cyan emission in two-dimensional colloidal Cs2CdCl4:SB3+ Ruddlesden-Popper phase nanoplatelets | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Acs Nano | Abbreviated Journal | Acs Nano |
Volume | 15 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 17729-17737 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Metal halide perovskites are one of the most investigated materials in optoelectronics, with their lead-based counterparts being renowned for their enhanced optoelectronic performance. The 3D CsPbX3 structure has set the standard with many studies currently attempting to substitute lead with other metals while retaining the properties of this material. This effort has led to the fabrication of metal halides with lower dimensionality, wherein particular 2D layered perovskite structures have captured attention as inspiration for the next generation of colloidal semiconductors. Here we report the synthesis of the Ruddlesden-Popper Cs2CdCl4:Sb3+ phase as colloidal nanoplatelets (NPs) using a facile hot injection approach under atmospheric conditions. Through strict adjustment of the synthesis parameters with emphasis on the ligand ratio, we obtained NPs with a relatively uniform size and good morphological control. The particles were characterized through transmission electron microscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and pair distribution function analysis. The spectroscopic characterization revealed most strikingly an intense cyan emission under UV excitation with a measured PLQY of similar to 20%. The emission was attributed to the Sb3+-doping within the structure. | ||||
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Wos | 000747115200053 | Publication Date | 0000-00-00 | |
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ISSN | 1936-0851 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 13.942 | Times cited | 34 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | The authors acknowledge the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities and they would like to thank Andrew Fitch for assistance in using beamline ID22 (proposal HC-4098). Z.H. and S.B acknowledge funding from the Research Foundation − Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen under the SBO − PROCEED project (No: S0002019N). Z.H. acknowledges Ghent University for funding (BOF-GOA 01G01019). S.B. is grateful to the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator Grant 815128, REALNANO). F.L. thanks Emanuela Sartori and Stefano Toso for the fruitful discussions. M.S. would like to thank Olivier Janssens for collecting XRPD data and Gabriele Pippia for helpful insights and discussions. | Approved | Most recent IF: 13.942 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:186465 | Serial | 7059 | ||
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Author | Rogolino, A.; Claes, N.; Cizaurre, J.; Marauri, A.; Jumbo-Nogales, A.; Lawera, Z.; Kruse, J.; Sanroman-Iglesias, M.; Zarketa, I.; Calvo, U.; Jimenez-Izal, E.; Rakovich, Y.P.; Bals, S.; Matxain, J.M.; Grzelczak, M. | ||||
Title | Metal-polymer heterojunction in colloidal-phase plasmonic catalysis | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | The journal of physical chemistry letters | Abbreviated Journal | J Phys Chem Lett |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 2264-2272 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Plasmonic catalysis in the colloidal phase requires robust surface ligands that prevent particles from aggregation in adverse chemical environments and allow carrier flow from reagents to nanoparticles. This work describes the use of a water-soluble conjugated polymer comprising a thiophene moiety as a surface ligand for gold nanoparticles to create a hybrid system that, under the action of visible light, drives the conversion of the biorelevant NAD+ to its highly energetic reduced form NADH. A combination of advanced microscopy techniques and numerical simulations revealed that the robust metal-polymer heterojunction, rich in sulfonate functional groups, directs the interaction of electron-donor molecules with the plasmonic photocatalyst. The tight binding of polymer to the gold surface precludes the need for conventional transition-metal surface cocatalysts, which were previously shown to be essential for photocatalytic NAD(+) reduction but are known to hinder the optical properties of plasmonic nanocrystals. Moreover, computational studies indicated that the coating polymer fosters a closer interaction between the sacrificial electron-donor triethanolamine and the nanoparticles, thus enhancing the reactivity. | ||||
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Wos | 000776518000001 | Publication Date | 0000-00-00 | |
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ISSN | 1948-7185 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 5.7 | Times cited | 1 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | This work was supported by grant PID2019-111772RB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and grant IT 1254-19 funded by Basque Government. The authors acknowledge the financial support of the European Commission (EUSMI, Grant 731019). S.B. is grateful to the European Research Council (ERC-CoG-2019 815128). The authors acknowledge the contributions by Dr. Adrian Pedrazo Tardajos related to sample support and electron microscopy experiments.; realnano;sygmaSB | Approved | Most recent IF: 5.7 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:188008 | Serial | 7062 | ||
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Author | Li, W.; Tong, W.; Yadav, A.; Bladt, E.; Bals, S.; Funston, A.M.; Etheridge, J. | ||||
Title | Shape control beyond the seeds in gold nanoparticles | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Chemistry Of Materials | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Mater |
Volume | 33 | Issue | 23 | Pages | 9152-9164 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | In typical seed-mediated syntheses of metal nanocrystals, the shape of the nanocrystal is determined largely by the seed nucleation environment and subsequent growth environment (where “environment” refers to the chemical environment, including the surfactant and additives). In this approach, crystallinity is typically determined by the seeds, and surfaces are controlled by the environment(s). However, surface energies, and crystallinity, are both influenced by the choice of environment(s). This limits the permutations of crystallinity and surface facets that can be mixed and matched to generate new nanocrystal morphologies. Here, we control post-seed growth to deliberately incorporate twin planes during the growth stage to deliver new final morphologies, including twinned cubes and bipyramids from single-crystal seeds. The nature and number of twin planes, together with surfactant control of facet growth, define the final nanoparticle morphology. Moreover, by breaking symmetry, the twin planes introduce new facet orientations. This additional mechanism opens new routes for the synthesis of different morphologies and facet orientations. | ||||
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Wos | 000753956100012 | Publication Date | 0000-00-00 | |
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0897-4756; 1520-5002 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 9.466 | Times cited | 3 | Open Access | Not_Open_Access |
Notes | This work was supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) Grants DP160104679 and CE170100026 and used microscopes at the Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy funded by ARC Grants LE0454166, LE110100223, and LE140100104. W.L. thanks the support of the Australian Government Research Training Program (RTP) scholarship. W.T. thanks the Australian Department of Education and Monash University for the IPRS and APA scholarships. E.B. acknowledges financial support and a post-doctoral grant from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium). The authors thank Dr. Matthew Weyland and Dr. Tim Peterson for helpful discussions. A.Y. thanks the support from Post Graduation Publication Award (PPA) scholarship from Monash University. | Approved | Most recent IF: 9.466 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:187229 | Serial | 7065 | ||
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Author | Pedrazo-Tardajos, A.; Arslan Irmak, E.; Kumar, V.; Sánchez-Iglesias, A.; Chen, Q.; Wirix, M.; Freitag, B.; Albrecht, W.; Van Aert, S.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Bals, S. | ||||
Title | Thermal Activation of Gold Atom Diffusion in Au@Pt Nanorods | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | ACS nano | Abbreviated Journal | Acs Nano |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Understanding the thermal stability of bimetallic nanoparticles is of vital importance to preserve their functionalities during their use in a variety of applications. In contrast to well-studied bimetallic systems such as Au@Ag, heat-induced morphological and compositional changes in Au@Pt nanoparticles are insufficiently understood, even though Au@Pt is an important material for catalysis. To investigate the thermal instability of Au@Pt nanorods at temperatures below their bulk melting point, we combined in situ heating with two- and three-dimensional electron microscopy techniques, including three-dimensional energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The experimental results were used as input for molecular dynamics simulations, to unravel the mechanisms behind the morphological transformation of Au@Pt core–shell nanorods. We conclude that thermal stability is influenced not only by the degree of coverage of Pt on Au but also by structural details of the Pt shell. | ||||
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Wos | 000819246800001 | Publication Date | 2022-06-10 | |
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ISSN | 1936-0851 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 17.1 | Times cited | 8 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | S.B., S.V.A., L.M.L.-M. and A.P.-T. acknowledge financial support from the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 Programme by grant nos. 731019 (EUSMI) and 823717 (ESTEEM3) and ERC Consolidator grant nos. 815128 (REALNANO) and 770887 (PICOMETRICS). L.M.L.-M. acknowledges funding from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through grants no. PID2020-117779RB-I00 and Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence no. MDM-2017-0720. The authors acknowledge the resources and services used for the simulations in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government.; esteem3reported; esteem3JRA | Approved | Most recent IF: 17.1 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:188540 | Serial | 7072 | ||
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Author | Fatermans, J.; Romolini, G.; Altantzis, T.; Hofkens, J.; Roeffaers, M.B.J.; Bals, S.; Van Aert, S. | ||||
Title | Atomic-scale detection of individual lead clusters confined in Linde Type A zeolites | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Nanoscale | Abbreviated Journal | Nanoscale |
Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT) | ||||
Abstract | Structural analysis of metal clusters confined in nanoporous materials is typically performed by X-ray-driven techniques. Although X-ray analysis has proved its strength in the characterization of metal clusters, it provides averaged structural information. Therefore, we here present an alternative workflow for bringing the characterization of confined metal clusters towards the local scale. This workflow is based on the combination of aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (TEM), TEM image simulations, and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) with advanced statistical techniques. In this manner, we were able to characterize the clustering of Pb atoms in Linde Type A (LTA) zeolites with Pb loadings as low as 5 wt%. Moreover, individual Pb clusters could be directly detected. The proposed methodology thus enables a local-scale characterization of confined metal clusters in zeolites. This is important for further elucidation of the connection between the structure and the physicochemical properties of such systems. | ||||
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Wos | 000809619900001 | Publication Date | 0000-00-00 | |
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ISSN | 2040-3364 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 6.7 | Times cited | 2 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | The authors acknowledge the Research Foundation Flanders through project fundings (FWO, G026718N, G050218N, ZW15_09-G0H6316N, and W002221N) and through a PhD scholarship to G.R. (grant 11C6920N), as well as iBOF-21-085 PERSIST. T.A. and S.V.A. acknowledge funding from the University of Antwerp Research fund (BOF). J.H. acknowledges the Flemish government through long-term structural funding Methusalem (CASAS2, Meth/15/04) and the MPI as MPI fellow. M.R. acknowledges funding by the KU Leuven Research Fund (C14/19/079). S.B. and S.V.A. acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC Consolidator Grants No. 815128−REALNANO and No. 770887−PICOMETRICS). The authors thank Dr. D. Chernyshov for the collection of XRD measurements. | Approved | Most recent IF: 6.7 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:189061 | Serial | 7076 | ||
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Author | De Backer, A.; Zhang, Z.; van den Bos, K.H.W.; Bladt, E.; Sánchez‐Iglesias, A.; Liz‐Marzán, L.M.; Nellist, P.D.; Bals, S.; Van Aert, S. | ||||
Title | Element Specific Atom Counting at the Atomic Scale by Combining High Angle Annular Dark Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X‐ray Spectroscopy | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Small methods | Abbreviated Journal | Small Methods |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 2200875 | ||
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | A new methodology is presented to count the number of atoms in multimetallic nanocrystals by combining energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF STEM). For this purpose, the existence of a linear relationship between the incoherent HAADF STEM and EDX images is exploited. Next to the number of atoms for each element in the atomic columns, the method also allows quantification of the error in the obtained number of atoms, which is of importance given the noisy nature of the acquired EDX signals. Using experimental images of an Au@Ag core–shell nanorod, it is demonstrated that 3D structural information can be extracted at the atomic scale. Furthermore, simulated data of an Au@Pt core–shell nanorod show the prospect to characterize heterogeneous nanostructures with adjacent atomic numbers. | ||||
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Wos | 000862072700001 | Publication Date | 2022-09-30 | |
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ISSN | 2366-9608 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 12.4 | Times cited | 5 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | This work was supported by the European Research Council (Grant 770887 PICOMETRICS to S.V.A., Grant 815128 REALNANO to S.B., and Grant 823717 ESTEEM3). The authors acknowledge financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through project fundings (G.0267.18N, G.0502.18N, G.0346.21N) and a postdoctoral grant to A.D.B.; esteem3reported; esteem3JRA | Approved | Most recent IF: 12.4 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:191570 | Serial | 7109 | ||
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