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Author  |
Van Gaens, W.; Iseni, S.; Schmidt-Bleker, A.; Weltmann, K.-D.; Reuter, S.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Numerical analysis of the effect of nitrogen and oxygen admixtures on the chemistry of an argon plasma jet operating at atmospheric pressure | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | New journal of physics | Abbreviated Journal | New J Phys |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | 17 | Pages | 033003 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper we study the cold atmospheric pressure plasma jet, called kinpen, operating in Ar with different admixture fractions up to 1% pure , and + . Moreover, the device is operating with a gas curtain of dry air. The absolute net production rates of the biologically active ozone () and nitrogen dioxide () species are measured in the far effluent by quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy in the mid-infrared. Additionally, a zero-dimensional semi-empirical reaction kinetics model is used to calculate the net production rates of these reactive molecules, which are compared to the experimental data. The latter model is applied throughout the entire plasma jet, starting already within the device itself. Very good qualitative and even quantitative agreement between the calculated and measured data is demonstrated. The numerical model thus yields very useful information about the chemical pathways of both the and the generation. It is shown that the production of these species can be manipulated by up to one order of magnitude by varying the amount of admixture or the admixture type, since this affects the electron kinetics significantly at these low concentration levels. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Bristol | Editor | ||
| Language | Wos | 000352898500003 | Publication Date | 2015-03-03 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1367-2630; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 3.786 | Times cited | 29 | Open Access | |
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.786; 2015 IF: 3.558 | |||
| Call Number | c:irua:124228 | Serial | 2391 | ||
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| Author |
Van Gaens, W.; Bruggeman, P.J.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Numerical analysis of the NO and O generation mechanism in a needle-type plasma jet | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | New journal of physics | Abbreviated Journal | New J Phys |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | Pages | 063054 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper we study two cold atmospheric pressure plasma jets, operating in Ar + 2% air, with a different electrode geometry but with the same power dissipated in the plasma. The density profiles of the biomedically active NO and O species throughout the plasma jet, previously obtained by laser diagnostics, are calculated by means of a zero-dimensional semi-empirical reaction kinetics model. A good agreement between the calculated and measured data is demonstrated. Furthermore, the most probable spatial power distribution in an RF driven plasma jet is obtained for the first time by comparing measured and calculated species density profiles. This was possible due to the strong effect of the power distribution on the NO and O density profiles. In addition the dominant reaction pathways for both the NO and the O species are identified. The model allows us to obtain key information on the reactive species production inside the jet, which is difficult to access by laser diagnostics in a coaxial geometry. Finally, we demonstrate that water impurities in the order of 100 ppm in the gas feed can have a significant effect on the spatial distribution of the NO and O density. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Bristol | Editor | ||
| Language | Wos | 000339081400006 | Publication Date | 2014-06-24 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1367-2630; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 3.786 | Times cited | 34 | Open Access | |
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.786; 2014 IF: 3.558 | |||
| Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117946 | Serial | 2392 | ||
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| Author |
Van Gaens, W.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Kinetic modelling for an atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet in humid air | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of physics: D: applied physics | Abbreviated Journal | J Phys D Appl Phys |
| Volume | 46 | Issue | 27 | Pages | 275201-275253 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | A zero-dimensional, semi-empirical model is used to describe the plasma chemistry in an argon plasma jet flowing into humid air, mimicking the experimental conditions of a setup from the Eindhoven University of Technology. The model provides species density profiles as a function of the position in the plasma jet device and effluent. A reaction chemistry set for an argon/humid air mixture is developed, which considers 84 different species and 1880 reactions. Additionally, we present a reduced chemistry set, useful for higher level computational models. Calculated species density profiles along the plasma jet are shown and the chemical pathways are explained in detail. It is demonstrated that chemically reactive H, N, O and OH radicals are formed in large quantities after the nozzle exit and H2, O2(1Δg), O3, H2O2, NO2, N2O, HNO2 and HNO3 are predominantly formed as 'long living' species. The simulations show that water clustering of positive ions is very important under these conditions. The influence of vibrational excitation on the calculated electron temperature is studied. Finally, the effect of varying gas temperature, flow speed, power density and air humidity on the chemistry is investigated. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | London | Editor | ||
| Language | Wos | 000320854700009 | Publication Date | 2013-06-18 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-3727;1361-6463; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 2.588 | Times cited | 115 | Open Access | |
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.588; 2013 IF: 2.521 | |||
| Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108725 | Serial | 1758 | ||
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| Author |
Van Gaens, W.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Reaction pathways of biomedically active species in an Ar plasma jet | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Plasma sources science and technology | Abbreviated Journal | Plasma Sources Sci T |
| Volume | 23 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 035015-35027 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | In this paper we analyse the gas phase production and loss pathways for several biomedically active species, i.e. N2(A), O, O3, O2(a), N, H, HO2, OH, NO, NO2, N2O5, H2O2, HNO2 and HNO3, in an argon plasma jet flowing into an open humid air atmosphere. For this purpose, we employ a zero-dimensional reaction kinetics model to mimic the typical experimental conditions by fitting several parameters to experimentally measured values. These include ambient air diffusion, the gas temperature profile and power deposition along the jet effluent. We focus in detail on how the pathways of the biomedically active species change as a function of the position in the effluent, i.e. inside the discharge device, active plasma jet effluent and afterglow region far from the nozzle. Moreover, we demonstrate how the reaction kinetics and species production are affected by different ambient air humidities, total deposited power into the plasma and gas temperature along the jet. It is shown that the dominant pathways can drastically change as a function of the distance from the nozzle exit or experimental conditions. | ||||
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| Publisher | Institute of Physics | Place of Publication | Bristol | Editor | |
| Language | Wos | 000337891900017 | Publication Date | 2014-05-22 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0963-0252;1361-6595; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 3.302 | Times cited | 34 | Open Access | |
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.302; 2014 IF: 3.591 | |||
| Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117075 | Serial | 2820 | ||
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| Author |
van Dijk, J.; Kroesen, G.M.W.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Cluster issue on plasma modelling | Type | ME3 Book as editor | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
| Keywords | ME3 Book as editor; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | London | Editor | ||
| Language | Wos | Publication Date | 0000-00-00 | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record | ||
| Impact Factor | Times cited | Open Access | |||
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | |||
| Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82177 | Serial | 375 | ||
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| Author |
van Dijk, J.; Kroesen, G.M.W.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Plasma modelling and numerical simulation | Type | Editorial | ||
| Year | 2009 | Publication | Journal of physics: D: applied physics | Abbreviated Journal | J Phys D Appl Phys |
| Volume | 42 | Issue | 19 | Pages | 190301,1-190301,14 |
| Keywords | Editorial; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Plasma modelling is an exciting subject in which virtually all physical disciplines are represented. Plasma models combine the electromagnetic, statistical and fluid dynamical theories that have their roots in the 19th century with the modern insights concerning the structure of matter that were developed throughout the 20th century. The present cluster issue consists of 20 invited contributions, which are representative of the state of the art in plasma modelling and numerical simulation. These contributions provide an in-depth discussion of the major theories and modelling and simulation strategies, and their applications to contemporary plasma-based technologies. In this editorial review, we introduce and complement those papers by providing a bird's eye perspective on plasma modelling and discussing the historical context in which it has surfaced. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | London | Editor | ||
| Language | Wos | 000269993100001 | Publication Date | 2009-09-19 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-3727;1361-6463; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 2.588 | Times cited | 64 | Open Access | |
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.588; 2009 IF: 2.083 | |||
| Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:78166 | Serial | 2637 | ||
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| Author |
Van der Paal, J.; Verlackt, C.C.; Yusupov, M.; Neyts, E.C.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Structural modification of the skin barrier by OH radicals : a reactive molecular dynamics study for plasma medicine | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Journal of physics: D: applied physics | Abbreviated Journal | J Phys D Appl Phys |
| Volume | 48 | Issue | 48 | Pages | 155202 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | While plasma treatment of skin diseases and wound healing has been proven highly effective, the underlying mechanisms, and more generally the effect of plasma radicals on skin tissue, are not yet completely understood. In this paper, we perform ReaxFF-based reactive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interaction of plasma generated OH radicals with a model system composed of free fatty acids, ceramides, and cholesterol molecules. This model system is an approximation of the upper layer of the skin (stratum corneum). All interaction mechanisms observed in our simulations are initiated by H-abstraction from one of the ceramides. This reaction, in turn, often starts a cascade of other reactions, which eventually lead to the formation of aldehydes, the dissociation of ceramides or the elimination of formaldehyde, and thus eventually to the degradation of the skin barrier function. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | London | Editor | ||
| Language | Wos | 000351856600007 | Publication Date | 2015-03-25 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-3727;1361-6463; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 2.588 | Times cited | 20 | Open Access | |
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.588; 2015 IF: 2.721 | |||
| Call Number | c:irua:124230 | Serial | 3242 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author |
Van der Paal, J.; Verheyen, C.; Neyts, E.C.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Hampering Effect of Cholesterol on the Permeation of Reactive Oxygen Species through Phospholipids Bilayer: Possible Explanation for Plasma Cancer Selectivity | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Scientific reports | Abbreviated Journal | Sci Rep-Uk |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 39526 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | In recent years, the ability of cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPS) to selectively induce cell death in cancer cells has been widely established. This selectivity has been assigned to the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) created in CAPs. To provide new insights in the search for an explanation for the observed selectivity, we calculate the transfer free energy of multiple ROS across membranes containing a varying amount of cholesterol. The cholesterol fraction is investigated as a selectivity parameter because membranes of cancer cells are known to contain lower fractions of cholesterol compared to healthy cells. We find that cholesterol has a significant effect on the permeation of reactive species across a membrane. Indeed, depending on the specific reactive species, an increasing cholesterol fraction can lead to (i) an increase of the transfer free energy barrier height and width, (ii) the formation of a local free energy minimum in the center of the membrane and (iii) the creation of extra free energy barriers due to the bulky sterol rings. In the context of plasma oncology, these observations suggest that the increased ingress of RONS in cancer cells can be explained by the decreased cholesterol fraction of their cell membrane. |
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| Language | Wos | 000391306900001 | Publication Date | 2017-01-06 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2045-2322 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 4.259 | Times cited | 27 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
| Notes | The authors acknowledge financial support from the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) Flanders, grant number 11U5416N. The calculations were performed in part using the Turing HPC infrastructure of the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the Universiteit Antwerpen. | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.259 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:139512 | Serial | 4340 | ||
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| Author |
Van der Paal, J.; Neyts, E.C.; Verlackt, C.C.W.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Effect of lipid peroxidation on membrane permeability of cancer and normal cells subjected to oxidative stress | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Chemical science | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Sci |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 489-498 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | We performed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of lipid peroxidation products on the structural and dynamic properties of the cell membrane. Our simulations predict that the lipid order in a phospholipid bilayer, as a model system for the cell membrane, decreases upon addition of lipid peroxidation products. Eventually, when all phospholipids are oxidized, pore formation can occur. This will allow reactive species, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), to enter the cell and cause oxidative damage to intracellular macromolecules, such as DNA or proteins. On the other hand, upon increasing the cholesterol fraction of lipid bilayers, the cell membrane order increases, eventually reaching a certain threshold, from which cholesterol is able to protect the membrane against pore formation. This finding is crucial for cancer treatment by plasma technology, producing a large number of RONS, as well as for other cancer treatment methods that cause an increase in the concentration of extracellular RONS. Indeed, cancer cells contain less cholesterol than their healthy counterparts. Thus, they will be more vulnerable to the consequences of lipid peroxidation, eventually enabling the penetration of RONS into the interior of the cell, giving rise to oxidative stress, inducing pro-apoptotic factors. This provides, for the first time, molecular level insight why plasma can selectively treat cancer cells, while leaving their healthy counterparts undamaged, as is indeed experimentally demonstrated. | ||||
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| Language | Wos | 000366826900058 | Publication Date | 2015-10-16 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2041-6520 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 8.668 | Times cited | 106 | Open Access | |
| Notes | The authors acknowledge nancial support from the Fund for Scientic Research (FWO) Flanders, grant number G012413N. The calculations were performed in part using the Turing HPC infrastructure of the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the Universiteit Antwerpen. | Approved | Most recent IF: 8.668 | ||
| Call Number | c:irua:131058 | Serial | 3986 | ||
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| Author |
Van der Paal, J.; Hong, S.-H.; Yusupov, M.; Gaur, N.; Oh, J.-S.; Short, R.D.; Szili, E.J.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | How membrane lipids influence plasma delivery of reactive oxygen species into cells and subsequent DNA damage : an experimental and computational study | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Physical chemistry, chemical physics | Abbreviated Journal | Phys Chem Chem Phys |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 35 | Pages | 19327-19341 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | The mechanisms of plasma in medicine are broadly attributed to plasma-derived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). In order to exert any intracellular effects, these plasma-derived RONS must first traverse a major barrier in the cell membrane. The cell membrane lipid composition, and thereby the magnitude of this barrier, is highly variable between cells depending on type and state (e.g. it is widely accepted that healthy and cancerous cells have different membrane lipid compositions). In this study, we investigate how plasma-derived RONS interactions with lipid membrane components can potentially be exploited in the future for treatment of diseases. We couple phospholipid vesicle experiments, used as simple cell models, with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the lipid membrane to provide new insights into how the interplay between phospholipids and cholesterol may influence the response of healthy and diseased cell membranes to plasma-derived RONS. We focus on the (i) lipid tail saturation degree, (ii) lipid head group type, and (iii) membrane cholesterol fraction. Using encapsulated molecular probes, we study the influence of the above membrane components on the ingress of RONS into the vesicles, and subsequent DNA damage. Our results indicate that all of the above membrane components can enhance or suppress RONS uptake, depending on their relative concentration within the membrane. Further, we show that higher RONS uptake into the vesicles does not always correlate with increased DNA damage, which is attributed to ROS reactivity and lifetime. The MD simulations indicate the multifactorial chemical and physical processes at play, including (i) lipid oxidation, (ii) lipid packing, and (iii) lipid rafts formation. The methods and findings presented here provide a platform of knowledge that could be leveraged in the development of therapies relying on the action of plasma, in which the cell membrane and oxidative stress response in cells is targeted. | ||||
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| Language | Wos | 000486175400045 | Publication Date | 2019-08-21 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1463-9076; 1463-9084 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 4.123 | Times cited | 1 | Open Access | |
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.123 | |||
| Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:162782 | Serial | 6303 | ||
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| Author |
Van der Paal, J.; Fridman, G.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Ceramide cross-linking leads to pore formation: Potential mechanism behind CAP enhancement of transdermal drug delivery | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Plasma processes and polymers | Abbreviated Journal | Plasma Process Polym |
| Volume | 16 | Issue | 16 | Pages | 1900122 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | In recent years, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been proposed as a novel method to enhance transdermal drug delivery, while avoiding tissue damage. However, the underlying mechanism for the increasing skin permeability upon CAP treatment is still undefined. We propose a mechanism in which CAP-generated reactive species induce cross-linking of skin lipids, leading to the generation of nanopores, thereby facilitating the permeation of drug molecules. Molecular dynamics simulations support this proposed mechanism. Furthermore, our results indicate that to achieve maximum enhancement of the permeability, the optimal treatment will depend on the exact lipid composition of the skin, as well as on the CAP source used. | ||||
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| Language | Wos | 000479747500001 | Publication Date | 2019-07-30 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1612-8850 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 2.846 | Times cited | Open Access | ||
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.846 | |||
| Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:161874 | Serial | 6287 | ||
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| Author |
Van der Paal, J.; Aernouts, S.; van Duin, A.C.T.; Neyts, E.C.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Interaction of O and OH radicals with a simple model system for lipids in the skin barrier : a reactive molecular dynamics investigation for plasma medicine | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of physics: D: applied physics | Abbreviated Journal | J Phys D Appl Phys |
| Volume | 46 | Issue | 39 | Pages | 395201 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Plasma medicine has been claimed to provide a novel route to heal wounds and regenerate skin, although very little is currently known about the elementary processes taking place. We carried out a series of ReaxFF-based reactive molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interaction of O and OH radicals with lipids, more specifically with α-linolenic acid as a model for the free fatty acids present in the upper skin layer. Our calculations predict that the O and OH radicals most typically abstract a H atom from the fatty acids, which can lead to the formation of a conjugated double bond, but also to the incorporation of alcohol or aldehyde groups, thereby increasing the hydrophilic character of the fatty acids and changing the general lipid composition of the skin. Within the limitations of the investigated model, no formation of possibly toxic products was observed. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | London | Editor | ||
| Language | Wos | 000324810400007 | Publication Date | 2013-09-11 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-3727;1361-6463; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 2.588 | Times cited | 36 | Open Access | |
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.588; 2013 IF: 2.521 | |||
| Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109904 | Serial | 1684 | ||
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| Author |
Van Boxem, W.; Van der Paal, J.; Gorbanev, Y.; Vanuytsel, S.; Smits, E.; Dewilde, S.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Anti-cancer capacity of plasma-treated PBS: effect of chemical composition on cancer cell cytotoxicity | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Scientific reports | Abbreviated Journal | Sci Rep-Uk |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 16478 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | We evaluate the anti-cancer capacity of plasma-treated PBS (pPBS), by measuring the concentrations of NO2 − and H2O2 in pPBS, treated with a plasma jet, for different values of gas flow rate, gap and plasma treatment time, as well as the effect of pPBS on cancer cell cytotoxicity, for three different glioblastoma cancer cell lines, at exactly the same plasma treatment conditions. Our experiments reveal that pPBS is cytotoxic for all conditions investigated. A small variation in gap between plasma jet and liquid surface (10 mm vs 15 mm) significantly affects the chemical composition of pPBS and its anti-cancer capacity, attributed to the occurrence of discharges onto the liquid. By correlating the effect of gap, gas flow rate and plasma treatment time on the chemical composition and anti-cancer capacity of pPBS, we may conclude that H2O2 is a more important species for the anti-cancer capacity of pPBS than NO2 −. We also used a 0D model, developed for plasma-liquid interactions, to elucidate the most important mechanisms for the generation of H2O2 and NO2 −. Finally, we found that pPBS might be more suitable for practical applications in a clinical setting than (commonly used) plasma-activated media (PAM), because of its higher stability. | ||||
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| Language | Wos | 000416398100028 | Publication Date | 2017-11-22 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2045-2322 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 4.259 | Times cited | 40 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
| Notes | We acknowledge financial support from the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO) Flanders (Grant No. 11U5416N), the Research Council of the University of Antwerp and the European Marie Skłodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship “LTPAM” within Horizon2020 (Grant No. 743151). Finally, we would like to thank P. Attri and A. Privat Maldonado for the valuable discussions. | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.259 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:147192 | Serial | 4766 | ||
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| Author |
Van Alphen, S.; Vermeiren, V.; Butterworth, T.; van den Bekerom, D.C.M.; van Rooij, G.J.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Power Pulsing To Maximize Vibrational Excitation Efficiency in N2Microwave Plasma: A Combined Experimental and Computational Study | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Journal Of Physical Chemistry C | Abbreviated Journal | J Phys Chem C |
| Volume | 124 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 1765-1779 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Plasma is gaining increasing interest for N2 fixation, being a flexible, electricity-driven alternative for the current conventional fossil fuel-based N2 fixation processes. As the vibrational-induced dissociation of N2 is found to be an energy-efficient pathway to acquire atomic N for the fixation processes, plasmas that are in vibrational nonequilibrium seem promising for this application. However, an important challenge in using nonequilibrium plasmas lies in preventing vibrational−translational (VT) relaxation processes, in which vibrational energy crucial for N2 dissociation is lost to gas heating. We present here both experimental and modeling results for the vibrational and gas temperature in a microsecond-pulsed microwave (MW) N2 plasma, showing how power pulsing can suppress this unfavorable VT relaxation and achieve a maximal vibrational nonequilibrium. By means of our kinetic model, we demonstrate that pulsed plasmas take advantage of the long time scale on which VT processes occur, yielding a very pronounced nonequilibrium over the whole N2 vibrational ladder. Additionally, the effect of pulse parameters like the pulse frequency and pulse width are investigated, demonstrating that the advantage of pulsing to inhibit VT relaxation diminishes for high pulse frequencies (around 7000 kHz) and long power pulses (above 400 μs). Nevertheless, all regimes studied here demonstrate a clear vibrational nonequilibrium while only requiring a limited power-on time, and thus, we may conclude that a pulsed plasma seems very interesting for energyefficient vibrational excitation. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000509438600001 | Publication Date | 2020-01-23 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1932-7447 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 3.7 | Times cited | Open Access | ||
| Notes | Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 30505023 GoF9618n ; This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO Grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.7; 2020 IF: 4.536 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:165586 | Serial | 5443 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author |
Van Alphen, S.; Slaets, J.; Ceulemans, S.; Aghaei, M.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Effect of N2 on CO2-CH4 conversion in a gliding arc plasmatron: Can this major component in industrial emissions improve the energy efficiency? | Type | A1 Journal Article;Plasma-based CO2-CH4 conversion | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Journal Of Co2 Utilization | Abbreviated Journal | J Co2 Util |
| Volume | 54 | Issue | Pages | 101767 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal Article;Plasma-based CO2-CH4 conversion; Effect of N2; Plasma chemistry; Computational modelling; Gliding arc plasmatron; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; | ||||
| Abstract | Plasma-based CO2 and CH4 conversion is gaining increasing interest, and a great portion of research is dedicated to adapting the process to actual industrial conditions. In an industrial context, the process needs to be able to process N2 admixtures, since most industrial gas emissions contain significant amounts of N2, and gas separations are financially costly. In this paper we therefore investigate the effect of N2 on the CO2 and CH4 conversion in a gliding arc plasmatron reactor. The addition of 20 % N2 reduces the energy cost of the conversion process by 21 % compared to a pure CO2/CH4 mixture, from 2.9 down to 2.2 eV/molec (or from 11.5 to 8.7 kJ/L), yielding a CO2 and CH4 (absolute) conversion of 28.6 and 35.9 % and an energy efficiency of 58 %. These results are among the best reported in literature for plasma-based DRM, demonstrating the benefits of N2 present in the mix. Compared to DRM results in different plasma reactor types, a low energy cost was achieved. To understand the underlying mechanisms of N2 addition, we developed a combination of four different computational models, which reveal that the beneficial effect of N2 addition is attributed to (i) a rise in the electron density (increasing the plasma conductivity, and therefore reducing the plasma power needed to sustain the plasma, which reduces the energy cost), as well as (ii) a rise in the gas temperature, which accelerates the CO2 and CH4 conversion reactions. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000715057300005 | Publication Date | 2021-10-28 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2212-9820 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 4.292 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | This research was supported by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innova tion programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), and through long-term structural funding (Methusalem). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.292 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:184044 | Serial | 6827 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author |
Van Alphen, S.; Jardali, F.; Creel, J.; Trenchev, G.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Sustainable gas conversion by gliding arc plasmas: a new modelling approach for reactor design improvement | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Sustainable energy & fuels | Abbreviated Journal | Sustainable Energy Fuels |
| Volume | 5 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1786-1800 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Research in plasma reactor designs is developing rapidly as plasma technology is gaining increasing interest for sustainable gas conversion applications, like the conversion of greenhouse gases into value-added chemicals and renewable fuels, and fixation of N<sub>2</sub>from air into precursors of mineral fertilizer. As plasma is generated by electric power and can easily be switched on/off, these applications allows for efficient conversion and energy storage of intermittent renewable electricity. In this paper, we present a new comprehensive modelling approach for the design and development of gliding arc plasma reactors, which reveals the fluid dynamics, the arc behaviour and the plasma chemistry by solving a unique combination of five complementary models. This results in a complete description of the plasma process, which allows one to efficiently evaluate the performance of a reactor and indicate possible design improvements before actually building it. We demonstrate the capabilities of this method for an experimentally validated study of plasma-based NO<sub>x</sub>formation in a rotating gliding arc reactor, which is gaining increasing interest as a flexible, electricity-driven alternative for the Haber–Bosch process. The model demonstrates the importance of the vortex flow and the presence of a recirculation zone in the reactor, as well as the formation of hot spots in the plasma near the cathode pin and the anode wall that are responsible for most of the NO<sub>x</sub>formation. The model also reveals the underlying plasma chemistry and the vibrational non-equilibrium that exists due to the fast cooling during each arc rotation. Good agreement with experimental measurements on the studied reactor design proves the predictive capabilities of our modelling approach. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000631643300013 | Publication Date | 2021-02-22 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2398-4902 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | ||
| Notes | Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, GoF9618n ; Vlaamse regering, HBC.2019.0107 ; European Research Council, 810182 ; This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWOFNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), the 1798 | Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2021, 5, 1786–1800 | Approved | Most recent IF: NA | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:177540 | Serial | 6745 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author |
Van Alphen, S.; Hecimovic, A.; Kiefer, C.K.; Fantz, U.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Modelling post-plasma quenching nozzles for improving the performance of CO2 microwave plasmas | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Chemical engineering journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 462 | Issue | Pages | 142217 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Given the ecological problems associated to the CO2 emissions of fossil fuels, plasma technology has gained interest for conversion of CO2 into value-added products. Microwave plasmas operating at atmospheric pressure have proven to be especially interesting, due to the high gas temperatures inside the reactor (i.e. up to 6000 K) allowing for efficient thermal dissociation of CO2 into CO and O2. However, the performance of these high temperature plasmas is limited by recombination of CO back into CO2 once the gas cools down in the afterglow. In this work, we computationally investigated several quenching nozzles, developed and experimentally tested by Hecimovic et al., [1] for their ability to quickly cool the gas after the plasma, thereby quenching the CO recombination reactions. Using a 3D computational fluid dynamics model and a quasi-1D chemical kinetics model, we reveal that a reactor without nozzle lacks gas mixing between hot gas in the center and cold gas near the reactor walls. Especially at low flow rates, where there is an inherent lack of convective cooling due to the low gas flow velocity, the temperature in the afterglow remains high (between 2000 and 3000 K) for a relatively long time (in the 0.1 s range). As shown by our quasi-1D chemical kinetics model, this results in a important loss of CO due to recombination reactions. Attaching a nozzle in the effluent of the reactor induces fast gas quenching right after the plasma. Indeed, it introduces (i) more convective cooling by forcing cool gas near the walls to mix with hot gas in the center of the reactor, as well as (ii) more conductive cooling through the water-cooled walls of the nozzle. Our model shows that gas quenching and the suppression of recombination reactions have more impact at low flow rates, where recombination is the most limiting factor in the conversion process. |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000962382600001 | Publication Date | 2023-03-03 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and through long-term structural funding (Methusalem). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1; 2023 IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195889 | Serial | 7250 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author |
Van Alphen, S.; Hecimovic, A.; Kiefer, C.K.; Fantz, U.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Modelling post-plasma quenching nozzles for improving the performance of CO2 microwave plasmas | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | Chemical engineering journal | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 462 | Issue | Pages | 142217 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Given the ecological problems associated to the CO2 emissions of fossil fuels, plasma technology has gained interest for conversion of CO2 into value-added products. Microwave plasmas operating at atmospheric pressure have proven to be especially interesting, due to the high gas temperatures inside the reactor (i.e. up to 6000 K) allowing for efficient thermal dissociation of CO2 into CO and O2. However, the performance of these high temperature plasmas is limited by recombination of CO back into CO2 once the gas cools down in the afterglow. In this work, we computationally investigated several quenching nozzles, developed and experimentally tested by Hecimovic et al., [1] for their ability to quickly cool the gas after the plasma, thereby quenching the CO recombination reactions. Using a 3D computational fluid dynamics model and a quasi-1D chemical kinetics model, we reveal that a reactor without nozzle lacks gas mixing between hot gas in the center and cold gas near the reactor walls. Especially at low flow rates, where there is an inherent lack of convective cooling due to the low gas flow velocity, the temperature in the afterglow remains high (between 2000 and 3000 K) for a relatively long time (in the 0.1 s range). As shown by our quasi-1D chemical kinetics model, this results in a important loss of CO due to recombination reactions. Attaching a nozzle in the effluent of the reactor induces fast gas quenching right after the plasma. Indeed, it introduces (i) more convective cooling by forcing cool gas near the walls to mix with hot gas in the center of the reactor, as well as (ii) more conductive cooling through the water-cooled walls of the nozzle. Our model shows that gas quenching and the suppression of recombination reactions have more impact at low flow rates, where recombination is the most limiting factor in the conversion process. |
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| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000962382600001 | Publication Date | 2023-03-03 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and through long-term structural funding (Methusalem). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1; 2023 IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:195889 | Serial | 7259 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author |
Van Alphen, S.; Ahmadi Eshtehardi, H.; O'Modhrain, C.; Bogaerts, J.; Van Poyer, H.; Creel, J.; Delplancke, M.-P.; Snyders, R.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Effusion nozzle for energy-efficient NOx production in a rotating gliding arc plasma reactor | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2022 | Publication | Chemical Engineering Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 443 | Issue | Pages | 136529 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Plasma-based NOx production is of interest for sustainable N2 fixation, but more research is needed to improve its performance. One of the current limitations is recombination of NO back into N2 and O2 molecules immediately after the plasma reactor. Therefore, we developed a novel so-called “effusion nozzle”, to improve the performance of a rotating gliding arc plasma reactor for NOx production, but the same principle can also be applied to other plasma types. Experiments in a wide range of applied power, gas flow rates and N2/O2 ratios demonstrate an enhancement in NOx concentration by about 8%, and a reduction in energy cost by 22.5%. In absolute terms, we obtain NOx concentrations up to 5.9%, at an energy cost down to 2.1 MJ/mol, which are the best values reported to date in literature. In addition, we developed four complementary models to describe the gas flow, plasma temperature and plasma chemistry, aiming to reveal why the effusion nozzle yields better performance. Our simulations reveal that the effusion nozzle acts as very efficient heat sink, causing a fast drop in gas temperature when the gas molecules leave the plasma, hence limiting the recombination of NO back into N2 and O2. This yields an overall higher NOx concentration than without the effusion nozzle. This immediate quenching right at the end of the plasma makes our effusion nozzle superior to more conventional cooling options, like water cooling In addition, this higher NOx concentration can be obtained at a slightly lower power, because the effusion nozzle allows for the ignition and sustainment of the plasma at somewhat lower power. Hence, this also explains the lower energy cost. Overall, our experimental results and detailed modeling analysis will be useful to improve plasma-based NOx production in other plasma reactors as well. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000800010600003 | Publication Date | 0000-00-00 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 15.1 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | This research was supported by the Excellence of Science FWO-FNRS project (FWO grant ID GoF9618n, EOS ID 30505023), the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 810182 – SCOPE ERC Synergy project), and through long-term structural funding (Methusalem). The calculations were performed using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen (UAntwerpen), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the UAntwerpen. | Approved | Most recent IF: 15.1 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:188283 | Serial | 7057 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author |
Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Van Alphen, S.; Michielsen, I.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | A packed-bed DBD micro plasma reactor for CO 2 dissociation: Does size matter? | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Chemical engineering journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 348 | Issue | Pages | 557-568 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | DBD plasma reactors are of great interest for environmental and energy applications, such as CO2 conversion, but they suffer from limited conversion and especially energy efficiency. The introduction of packing materials has been a popular subject of investigation in order to increase the reactor performance. Reducing the discharge gap of the reactor below one millimetre can enhance the plasma performance as well. In this work, we combine both effects and use a packed-bed DBD micro plasma reactor to investigate the influence of gap size reduction, in combination with a packing material, on the conversion and efficiency of CO2 dissociation. Packing materials used in this work were SiO2, ZrO2, and Al2O3 spheres as well as glass wool. The results are compared to a regular size reactor as a benchmark. Reducing the discharge gap can greatly increase the CO2 conversion, although at a lower energy efficiency. Adding a packing material further increases the conversion when keeping a constant residence time, but is greatly dependent on the material composition, gap and sphere size used. Maximum conversions of 50–55% are obtained for very long residence times (30 s and higher) in an empty reactor or with certain packing material combinations, suggesting a balance in CO2 dissociation and recombination reactions. The maximum energy efficiency achieved is 4.3%, but this is for the regular sized reactor at a short residence time (7.5 s). Electrical characterization is performed to reveal some trends in the electrical behaviour of the plasma upon reduction of the discharge gap and addition of a packing material. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000434467000055 | Publication Date | 2018-05-03 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 6.216 | Times cited | 22 | Open Access | Not_Open_Access: Available from 03.05.2020 |
| Notes | We acknowledge financial support from the European Fund for Regional Development through the cross-border collaborative Interreg V program Flanders-the Netherlands (project EnOp), the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO; Grant Number: G.0254.14N) and an IOF-SBO (SynCO2Chem) project from the University of Antwerp. | Approved | Most recent IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:151238 | Serial | 4956 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author |
Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | The Potential Use of Core-Shell Structured Spheres in a Packed-Bed DBD Plasma Reactor for CO2 Conversion | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2020 | Publication | Catalysts | Abbreviated Journal | Catalysts |
| Volume | 10 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 530 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | This work proposes to use core-shell structured spheres to evaluate whether it allows to individually optimize bulk and surface effects of a packing material, in order to optimize conversion and energy efficiency. Different core-shell materials have been prepared by spray coating, using dense spheres (as core) and powders (as shell) of SiO2, Al2O3, and BaTiO3. The materials are investigated for their performance in CO2 dissociation and compared against a benchmark consisting of a packed-bed reactor with the pure dense spheres, as well as an empty reactor. The results in terms of CO2 conversion and energy efficiency show various interactions between the core and shell material, depending on their combination. Al2O3 was found as the best core material under the applied conditions here, followed by BaTiO3 and SiO2, in agreement with their behaviour for the pure spheres. Applying a thin shell layer on the cores showed equal performance between the different shell materials. Increasing the layer thickness shifts this behaviour, and strong combination effects were observed depending on the specific material. Therefore, this method of core-shell spheres has the potential to allow tuning of the packing properties more closely to the application by designing an optimal combination of core and shell. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000546007000092 | Publication Date | 2020-05-11 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2073-4344 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 3.9 | Times cited | Open Access | ||
| Notes | Interreg, Project EnOp ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G.0254.14N ; Universiteit Antwerpen, Project SynCO2Chem ; We want to thank Jasper Lefevre (VITO) for assistance in the development of the coating suspension for the core-shell spheres. | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.9; 2020 IF: 3.082 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:169222 | Serial | 6364 | ||
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| Author |
Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Hereijgers, J.; Breugelmans, T.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | How gas flow design can influence the performance of a DBD plasma reactor for dry reforming of methane | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Chemical Engineering Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 405 | Issue | Pages | 126618 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT) | ||||
| Abstract | DBD plasma reactors are commonly used in a static ‘one inlet – one outlet’ design that goes against reactor design principles for multi-component reactions, such as dry reforming of methane (DRM). Therefore, in this paper we have developed a novel reactor design, and investigated how the shape and size of the reaction zone, as well as gradual gas addition, and the method of mixing CO2 and CH4 can influence the conversion and product com position of DRM. Even in the standard ‘one inlet – one outlet’ design, the direction of the gas flow (i.e. short or long path through the reactor, which defines the gas velocity at fixed residence time), as well as the dimensions of the reaction zone and the power delivery to the reactor, largely affect the performance. Using gradual gas addition and separate plasma activation zones for the individual gases give increased conversions within the same operational parameters, by optimising mixing ratios and kinetics. The choice of the main (pre-activated) gas and the direction of gas flow largely affect the conversion and energy cost, while the gas inlet position during separate addition only influences the product distribution. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000626511800005 | Publication Date | 2020-08-12 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 6.216 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | Interreg; Flanders; FWO; University of Antwerp; The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Fund for Regional Development through the cross-border collaborative Interreg V program Flanders-the Netherlands (project EnOp), the Fund 13 for Scientific Research (FWO; grant number: G.0254.14N), and an IOFSBO (SynCO2Chem) project from the University of Antwerp. | Approved | Most recent IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:170609 | Serial | 6410 | ||
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| Author |
Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Bal, Km.; Neyts, Ec.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | On the kinetics and equilibria of plasma-based dry reforming of methane | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2021 | Publication | Chemical Engineering Journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 405 | Issue | Pages | 126630 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Plasma reactors are interesting for gas-based chemical conversion but the fundamental relation between the plasma chemistry and selected conditions remains poorly understood. Apparent kinetic parameters for the loss and formation processes of individual components of gas conversion processes, can however be extracted by performing experiments in an extended residence time range (2–75 s) and fitting the gas composition to a firstorder kinetic model of the evolution towards partial chemical equilibrium (PCE). We specifically investigated the differences in kinetic characteristics and PCE state of the CO2 dissociation and CH4 reforming reactions in a dielectric barrier discharge reactor (DBD), how these are mutually affected when combining both gases in the dry reforming of methane (DRM) reaction, and how they change when a packing material (non-porous SiO2) is added to the reactor. We find that CO2 dissociation is characterized by a comparatively high reaction rate of 0.120 s−1 compared to CH4 reforming at 0.041 s−1; whereas CH4 reforming reaches higher equilibrium conversions, 82% compared to 53.6% for CO2 dissociation. Combining both feed gases makes the DRM reaction to proceed at a relatively high rate (0.088 s−1), and high conversion (75.4%) compared to CO2 dissociation, through accessing new chemical pathways between the products of CO2 and CH4. The addition of the packing material can also distinctly influence the conversion rate and position of the equilibrium, but its precise effect depends strongly on the gas composition. Comparing different CO2:CH4 ratios reveals the delicate balance of the combined chemistry. CO2 drives the loss reactions in DRM, whereas CH4 in the mixture suppresses back reactions. As a result, our methodology provides some of the insight necessary to systematically tune the conversion process. | ||||
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| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000621197700003 | Publication Date | 2020-08-12 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 6.216 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Fund for Regional Development through the cross-border collaborative Interreg V program Flanders-the Netherlands (project EnOp), the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO; grant number: G.0254.14N), a TOP-BOF project and an IOF-SBO (SynCO2Chem) project from the University of Antwerp. | Approved | Most recent IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:172458 | Serial | 6411 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author |
Uytdenhouwen, Y.; Bal, Km.; Michielsen, I.; Neyts, Ec.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | How process parameters and packing materials tune chemical equilibrium and kinetics in plasma-based CO2 conversion | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Chemical engineering journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 372 | Issue | Pages | 1253-1264 | |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Plasma (catalysis) reactors are increasingly being used for gas-based chemical conversions, providing an alternative method of energy delivery to the molecules. In this work we explore whether classical concepts such as equilibrium constants, (overall) rate coefficients, and catalysis exist under plasma conditions. We specifically investigate the existence of a so-called partial chemical equilibrium (PCE), and how process parameters and packing properties influence this equilibrium, as well as the overall apparent rate coefficient, for CO2 splitting in a DBD plasma reactor. The results show that a PCE can be reached, and that the position of the equilibrium, in combination with the rate coefficient, greatly depends on the reactor parameters and operating conditions (i.e., power, pressure, and gap size). A higher power, higher pressure, or smaller gap size enhance both the equilibrium constant and the rate coefficient, although they cannot be independently tuned. Inserting a packing material (non-porous SiO2 and ZrO2 spheres) in the reactor reveals interesting gap/material effects, where the type of material dictates the position of the equilibrium and the rate (inhibition) independently. As a result, no apparent synergistic effect or plasma-catalytic behaviour was observed for the non-porous packing materials studied in this reaction. Within the investigated parameters, equilibrium conversions were obtained between 23 and 71%, while the rate coefficient varied between 0.027 s−1 and 0.17 s−1. This method of analysis can provide a more fundamental insight in the overall reaction kinetics of (catalytic) plasma-based gas conversion, in order to be able to distinguish plasma effects from true catalytic enhancement. |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000471670400116 | Publication Date | 2019-05-08 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1385-8947 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 6.216 | Times cited | 3 | Open Access | Not_Open_Access: Available from 05.05.2021 |
| Notes | European Fund for Regional Development; FWOFWO, G.0254.14N ; University of Antwerp; FWO-FlandersFWO-Flanders, 11V8915N ; The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Fund for Regional Development through the cross-border collaborative Interreg V program Flanders-the Netherlands (project EnOp), the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO; Grant Number: G.0254.14N), a TOP-BOF project and an IOF-SBO (SynCO2Chem) project from the University of Antwerp. K. M. B. was funded as a PhD fellow (aspirant) of the FWOFlanders (Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders), Grant 11V8915N. | Approved | Most recent IF: 6.216 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @UA @ admin @ c:irua:159979 | Serial | 5171 | ||
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| Author |
Tsonev, I.; O’Modhrain, C.; Bogaerts, A.; Gorbanev, Y. | ||||
| Title | Nitrogen Fixation by an Arc Plasma at Elevated Pressure to Increase the Energy Efficiency and Production Rate of NOx | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | ACS Sustainable Chemistry and Engineering | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 11 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 1888-1897 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Plasma-based nitrogen fixation for fertilizer production is an attractive alternative to the fossil fuel-based industrial processes. However, many factors hinder its applicability, e.g., the commonly observed inverse correlation between energy consumption and production rates or the necessity to enhance the selectivity toward NO2, the desired product for a more facile formation of nitrate-based fertilizers. In this work, we investigated the use of a rotating gliding arc plasma for nitrogen fixation at elevated pressures (up to 3 barg), at different feed gas flow rates and composition. Our results demonstrate a dramatic increase in the amount of NOx produced as a function of increasing pressure, with a record-low EC of 1.8 MJ/(mol N) while yielding a high production rate of 69 g/h and a high selectivity (94%) of NO2. We ascribe this improvement to the enhanced thermal Zeldovich mechanism and an increased rate of NO oxidation compared to the back reaction of NO with atomic oxygen, due to the elevated pressure. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000924366700001 | Publication Date | 2023-02-06 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 2168-0485 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 8.4 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G0G2322N ; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, 965546 ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 8.4; 2023 IF: 5.951 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:194281 | Serial | 7239 | ||
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| Author |
Tsonev, I.; Boothroyd, J.; Kolev, S.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Simulation of glow and arc discharges in nitrogen: effects of the cathode emission mechanisms | Type | A1 Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2023 | Publication | PLASMA SOURCES SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 054002 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal Article; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ; | ||||
| Abstract | Experimental evidence in the literature has shown that low-current direct current nitrogen discharges can exist in both glow and arc regimes at atmospheric pressure. However, modelling investigations of the positive column that include the influence of the cathode phenomena are scarce. In this work we developed a 2D axisymmetric model of a plasma discharge in flowing nitrogen gas, studying the influence of the two cathode emission mechanisms—thermionic field emission and secondary electron emission—on the cathode region and the positive column. We show for an inlet gas flow velocity of 1 m s<sup>−1</sup>in the current range of 80–160 mA, that the electron emission mechanism from the cathode greatly affects the size and temperature of the cathode region, but does not significantly influence the discharge column at atmospheric pressure. We also demonstrate that in the discharge column the electron density balance is local and the electron production and destruction is dominated by volume processes. With increasing flow velocity, the discharge contraction is enhanced due to the increased convective heat loss. The cross sectional area of the conductive region is strongly dependent on the gas velocity and heat conductivity of the gas. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000987841800001 | Publication Date | 2023-05-01 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0963-0252 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record | |
| Impact Factor | 3.8 | Times cited | Open Access | Not_Open_Access | |
| Notes | This research is financially supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No. 965546. | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.8; 2023 IF: 3.302 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:196972 | Serial | 8788 | ||
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| Author |
Tsonev, I.; Ahmadi Eshtehardi, H.; Delplancke, M.-P.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Importance of geometric effects in scaling up energy-efficient plasma-based nitrogen fixation | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2024 | Publication | Sustainable energy & fuels | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-19 | ||
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | Despite the recent promising potential of plasma-based nitrogen fixation, the technology faces significant challenges in efficient upscaling. To tackle this challenge, we investigate two reactors, i.e., a small one, operating in a flow rate range of 5-20 ln min-1 and current range of 200-500 mA, and a larger one, operating at higher flow rate (100-300 ln min-1) and current (400-1000 mA). Both reactors operate in a pin-to-pin configuration and are powered by direct current (DC) from the same power supply unit, to allow easy comparison and evaluate the effect of upscaling. In the small reactor, we achieve the lowest energy cost (EC) of 2.8 MJ mol-1, for a NOx concentration of 1.72%, at a flow rate of 20 ln min-1, yielding a production rate (PR) of 33 g h-1. These values are obtained in air; in oxygen-enriched air, the results are typically better, at the cost of producing oxygen-enriched air. In the large reactor, the higher flow rates reduce the NOx concentration due to lower SEI, while maintaining a similar EC. This stresses the important effect of the geometrical configuration of the arc, which is typically concentrated in the center of the reactor, resulting in limited coverage of the reacting gas flow, and this is identified as the limiting factor for upscaling. However, our experiments reveal that by changing the reactor configuration, and thus the plasma geometry and power deposition mechanisms, the amount of gas treated by the plasma can be enhanced, leading to successful upscaling. To obtain more insights in our experiments, we performed thermodynamic equilibrium calculations. First of all, they show that our measured lowest EC closely aligns with the calculated minimum thermodynamic equilibrium at atmospheric pressure. In addition, they reveal that the limited NOx production in the large reactor results from the contracted nature of the plasma. To solve this limitation, we let the large reactor operate in so-called torch configuration. Indeed, the latter enhances the NOx concentrations compared to the pin-to-pin configuration, yielding a PR of 80 g h-1 at an EC of 2.9 MJ mol-1 and NOx concentration of 0.31%. This illustrates the importance of reactor design in upscaling. With the focus on feasibility evaluation of scaling-up plasma-based nitrogen fixation by combined experiments and thermodynamic modelling, we aim to tackle the challenge of design and development of an energy-efficient and scaled-up plasma reactor. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 001203657700001 | Publication Date | 2024-04-11 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record | ||
| Impact Factor | Times cited | Open Access | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:205435 | Serial | 9155 | ||
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| Author |
Trenchev, G.; Nikiforov, A.; Wang, W.; Kolev, S.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | Atmospheric pressure glow discharge for CO2 conversion : model-based exploration of the optimum reactor configuration | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2019 | Publication | Chemical engineering journal | Abbreviated Journal | Chem Eng J |
| Volume | 362 | Issue | 362 | Pages | 830-841 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | We investigate the performance of an atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) reactor for CO2 conversion in three different configurations, through experiments and simulations. The first (basic) configuration utilizes the well-known pin-to-plate design, which offers a limited conversion. The second configuration improves the reactor performance by employing a vortex-flow generator. The third, “confined” configuration is a complete redesign of the reactor, which encloses the discharge in a limited volume, significantly surpassing the conversion rate of the other two designs. The plasma properties are investigated using an advanced plasma model. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000457863500084 | Publication Date | 2019-01-18 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1385-8947; 1873-3212 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 6.216 | Times cited | 4 | Open Access | Not_Open_Access: Available from 15.10.2019 |
| Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 6.216 | |||
| Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:157459 | Serial | 5269 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author |
Trenchev, G.; Kolev, S.; Wang, W.; Ramakers, M.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | CO2Conversion in a Gliding Arc Plasmatron: Multidimensional Modeling for Improved Efficiency | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | The journal of physical chemistry: C : nanomaterials and interfaces | Abbreviated Journal | J Phys Chem C |
| Volume | 121 | Issue | 44 | Pages | 24470-24479 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | The gliding arc plasmatron (GAP) is a highly efficient atmospheric plasma source, which is very promising for CO2 conversion applications. To understand its operation principles and to improve its application, we present here comprehensive modeling results, obtained by means of computational fluid dynamics simulations and plasma modeling. Because of the complexity of the CO2 plasma, a full 3D plasma model would be computationally impractical. Therefore, we combine a 3D turbulent gas flow model with a 2D plasma and gas heating model in order to calculate the plasma parameters and CO2 conversion characteristics. In addition, a complete 3D gas flow and plasma model with simplified argon chemistry is used to evaluate the gliding arc evolution in space and time. The calculated values are compared with experimental data from literature as much as possible in order to validate the model. The insights obtained in this study are very helpful for improving the application of CO2 conversion, as they allow us to identify the limiting factors in the performance, based on which solutions can be provided on how to further improve the capabilities of CO2 conversion in the GAP. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000415140400014 | Publication Date | 2017-11-09 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1932-7447 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 4.536 | Times cited | Open Access | OpenAccess | |
| Notes | H2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, 657304 ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 11U5316N G038316N ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.536 | ||
| Call Number | PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:147193 | Serial | 4765 | ||
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| Author |
Trenchev, G.; Kolev, S.; Bogaerts, A. | ||||
| Title | A 3D model of a reverse vortex flow gliding arc reactor | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Plasma sources science and technology | Abbreviated Journal | Plasma Sources Sci T |
| Volume | 25 | Issue | 25 | Pages | 035014 |
| Keywords | A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
| Abstract | In this computational study, a gliding arc plasma reactor with a reverse-vortex flow stabilization is modelled for the first time by a fluid plasma description. The plasma reactor operates with argon gas at atmospheric pressure. The gas flow is simulated using the k-ε Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes turbulent model. A quasi-neutral fluid plasma model is used for computing the plasma properties. The plasma arc movement in the reactor is observed, and the results for the gas flow, electrical characteristics, plasma density, electron temperature, and gas temperature are analyzed. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Wos | 000376557400022 | Publication Date | 2016-04-09 | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0963-0252 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
| Impact Factor | 3.302 | Times cited | 20 | Open Access | |
| Notes | This research was carried out in the framework of the network on Physical Chemistry of Plasma–Surface Interactions— Interuniversity Attraction Poles, phase VII (http://psi-iap7.ulb. ac.be/), and supported by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), and it was also funded by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO). Grant number: 11U5316N. | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.302 | ||
| Call Number | c:irua:132888 c:irua:132888 | Serial | 4063 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||