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Author Lind, O.C.; Salbu, B.; Janssens, K.; Proost, K.; Dahlgaard, H. doi  openurl
  Title Characterization of uranium and plutonium containing particles originating from the nuclear weapons accident in Thule, Greenland, 1968 Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of environmental radioactivity Abbreviated Journal J Environ Radioactiv  
  Volume 81 Issue Pages 21-32  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000228714500003 Publication Date 2005-03-01  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0265-931x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.31 Times cited 37 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.31; 2005 IF: 1.243  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:52231 Serial 5507  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Lind, O.C.; Claussen-Kjerre, L.; de Nolf, W.; Falkenberg, G.; Jaroszewicz, J.; Janssens, K.; Salbu, B. openurl 
  Title Characterization of Yenisey River U-particles using a combination of μ-XRF, μ-XRD and U-LIII μ-XANES Type H3 Book chapter
  Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1279-1280  
  Keywords H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:74471 Serial 5508  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author van der Linden, V.; Schalm, O.; Houbraken, J.; Thomas, M.; Meesdom, E.; Devos, A.; van Dooren, R.; Nieuwdorp, H.; Janssen, E.; Janssens, K. doi  openurl
  Title Chemical analysis of 16th to 19th century Limoges School painted enamel objects in three museums of the Low Countries Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2010 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal X-Ray Spectrom  
  Volume 39 Issue 2 Pages 112-121  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In this study, the results of analysing of a series of 16th-19th century painted enamel objects of the Limoges School currently in collections in three Dutch and Flemish museums by means of portable and micro x-ray fluorescence analysis (PXRF and µ-XRF) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) are presented. The aim of the investigation was the authentication of specific pieces. Therefore, the glass compositions as well as the (glass) colouring agents used by the Limoges' artists were studied as a function of the age of the objects. Due to the evolution of these properties, it is possible to approximately date these objects based on their chemical composition. The complete émail peint collection of the Museum Boijmans-Van Beuningen (Rotterdam, The Netherlands), consisting of 20 émail peint plaques, was analysed with µ-XRF. Quantitative information was obtained by EPMA analysis of 15 enamel fragments of objects from museum and private collections in the Low Countries. PXRF analyses were performed on the painted enamel collection of the Antwerp Vleeshuis Museum (13 objects) and the Mayer van den Bergh Museum (4 objects) and on a set of 18 plaques that were donated to the Boijmans-Van Beuningen Museum by a private collector. The results obtained by means of EPMA, µ-XRF and PXRF proved to be useful in the discrimination of 16th century painted enamel objects from those of the19th century. From a total of 70 objects examined, 2 objects (OM964A and OM993) featured a chemical signature that deviated from the published literature composition and pigment use consistent with its presumed period of manufacture.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000275959400007 Publication Date 2009-08-11  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.298 Times cited 8 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.298; 2010 IF: 1.661  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:82325 Serial 5509  
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Author Aerts, A.; Janssens, K.; Adams, F. openurl 
  Title Chemical analysis of the powder deposit on Chinese jade objects Type H3 Book chapter
  Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 12-13  
  Keywords H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:10986 Serial 5510  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Anaf, W.; Horemans, B.; Van Grieken, R.; De Wael, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Chemical boundary conditions for the classification of aerosol particles using computer controlled electron probe microanalysis Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2012 Publication Talanta : the international journal of pure and applied analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Talanta  
  Volume 101 Issue Pages 420-427  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract A method for the classification of individual aerosol particles using computer controlled electron probe microanalysis is presented. It is based on chemical boundary conditions (CBC) and enables quick and easy processing of a large set of elemental concentration data (mass%), derived from the X-ray spectra of individual particles. The particles are first classified into five major classes (sea salt related, secondary inorganic, minerals, iron-rich and carbonaceous), after which advanced data mining can be performed by examining the elemental composition of particles within each class into more detail (e.g., by ternary diagrams). The CBC method is validated and evaluated by comparing its results with the output obtained with hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) for well-known standard particles as well as real aerosol particles collected with a cascade impactor. The CBC method gives reliable results and has a major advantage compared to HCA. CBC is based on boundary conditions that are derived from chemical logical thinking and does not require a translation of a mathematical algorithm output as does HCA. Therefore, the CBC method is more objective and enables comparison between samples without intermediate steps.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000313084400061 Publication Date 2012-09-30  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0039-9140; 1873-3573 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 4.162 Times cited 3 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.162; 2012 IF: 3.498  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:101336 Serial 5511  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Schalm, O.; Caluwé, D.; Wouters, H.; Janssens, K.; Verhaeghe, F.; Pieters, M. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Chemical composition and deterioration of glass excavated in the 15th-16th century fishermen town of Raversijde (Belgium) Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2004 Publication Spectrochimica acta: part A: molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy Abbreviated Journal Spectrochim Acta A  
  Volume 59 Issue Pages 1647-1656  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The chemical composition, as determined by electron probe X-ray microanalysis of a series of ca. 100 archaeological glass fragments, excavated at the Raversijde site (Belgium) is discussed. In the 15th-16th century, Raversijde was a flourishing fishermen town located on the shore of the North Sea, close to the city of Ostend. As a consequence of several battles that were fought in its vicinity, the site was abandoned in the 16th century and was not occupied since then. It is one of the rare archaeological sites in Europe that contains a significant amount of information on the daily life inside a small but affluent medieval community. A comparison of the chemical composition of fragments of vessels and window glass encountered in Raversijde to those found in urban centres in Belgium and to literature date on German and French archaeological finds shows that glass made with wood ash dominates. Usually, it concerns artifacts with a predominantly utilitarian use. A few objects made with sodic (i.e., Na-rich) glass were also encountered, likely to have been imported from Venice during the 15th century or in later periods from an urban centre such as Antwerp, where Facon-de-Venice glass manufacturing activities were established near the start of the 16th century. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000224848000021 Publication Date 2004-10-13  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1386-1425 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.536 Times cited 26 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.536; 2004 IF: 1.188  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:49011 Serial 5512  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Schalm, O.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K. openurl 
  Title Chemical composition of 19th century window glass originating from stianed glass windows located in Belgium Type P2 Proceeding
  Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 169-178  
  Keywords P2 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-2-930466-08-8 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:135466 Serial 5513  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Caen, J.; Vanmeert, F.; Alfeld, M.; Janssens, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Chemical imaging of stained-glass windows by means of macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2016 Publication Microchemical journal Abbreviated Journal Microchem J  
  Volume 124 Issue Pages 615-622  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)  
  Abstract Since the recent development of a mobile setup, MA-XRF scanning proved a valuable tool for the non-invasive, technical study of paintings. In this work, the applicability of MA-XRF scanning for investigating stained-glass windows inside a conservation studio is assessed by analysis of a high-profile, well-studied late-mediaeval panel. Although accurate quantification of components is not feasible with this analytical imaging technique, plotting the detected intensities of K versus Ca in a scatter plot allowed distinguishing glass fragments of different compositional types within the same panel. In particular, clusters in the Ca/K correlation plot revealed the presence of two subtypes of potash glass and three subtypes of high lime low alkali glass. MA-XRF results proved consistent with previous quantitative SEM-EDX analysis on two samples and analytical-based theories on glass production in the Low Countries formulated in literature. A bi-plot of the intensities of the more energetic Rb-K versus Sr-K emission lines yielded a similar glass type differentiation and is here presented as suitable alternative in case the Ca/K signal ratio is affected by superimposed weathering crusts. Apart from identification of the chromophores responsible for the green, blue and red glass colors, contrasting the associated elemental distribution maps obtained on the exterior and interior side of the glass permitted discriminating between colored pot metal glass and multi-layered flashed glass as well. Finally, the benefit of obtaining compositional information from the entire surface, as opposed to point analysis, was illustrated by the discovery of what appears to be a green cobalt glass a feature that was previously missed on this well-studied stained-glass window, both by connoisseurs and spectroscopic sample analysis. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000367755600074 Publication Date 2015-10-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0026-265x; 0026-265x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.034 Times cited 22 Open Access  
  Notes ; The staff of the Museums of the City of Bruges, i.e. Director Till-Holger Borchert and Deputy Curator Kristel Van Audenaeren, are acknowledged for this pleasant collaboration and the authorization for the publication of the images in this article. This research was supported by the InBev-Baillet Latour fund. ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.034  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:131100 Serial 5514  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Aerts, A.; Janssens, K.; Adams, F. openurl 
  Title A chemical investigation of altered Chinese jade art objects Type H3 Book chapter
  Year 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 170-171  
  Keywords H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:18317 Serial 5515  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Aerts, A.; Janssens, K.; Adams, F. openurl 
  Title A chemical investigation of altered jade art objects Type A3 Journal article
  Year 1995 Publication Orientations Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 79-80  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:10989 Serial 5516  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Vanmeert, F.; Hendriks, E.; van der Snickt, G.; Monico, L.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K. doi  openurl
  Title Chemical Mapping by Macroscopic X-ray Powder Diffraction (MA-XRPD) of Van Gogh's Sunflowers : identification of areas with higher degradation risk Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2018 Publication Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English Abbreviated Journal Angew Chem Int Edit  
  Volume 57 Issue 25 Pages 7418-7422  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract The discoloration rate of chrome yellow (CY), a class of synthetic inorganic pigments (PbCr1-xSxO4) frequently used by Van Gogh and his contemporaries, strongly depends on its sulfate content and on its crystalline structure (either monoclinic or orthorhombic). Macroscopic X-Ray powder diffraction imaging of selected areas on Van Gogh's Sunflowers (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam) revealed the presence of two subtypes of CY: the light-fast monoclinic PbCrO4 (LF-CY) and the light-sensitive monoclinic PbCr1-xSxO4 (x approximate to 0.5; LS-CY). The latter was encountered in large parts of the painting (e.g., in the pale-yellow background and the bright-yellow petals, but also in the green stems and flower hearts), thus indicating their higher risk for past or future darkening. Overall, it is present in more than 50% of the CY regions. Preferred orientation of LS-CY allows observation of a significant ordering of the elongated crystallites along the direction of Van Gogh's brush strokes.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000434949200023 Publication Date 2018-03-02  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1433-7851; 0570-0833 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 11.994 Times cited 10 Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors acknowledge financial support from BELSPO (Brussels) S2-ART, the NWO (The Hague) Science4Arts “ReVisRembrandt” project, the GOA Project Solarpaint (University of Antwerp Research Council), and the Interreg Smart*Light project. Raman analyses were performed using the European MOLAB platform, which is financially supported by the Horizon 2020 Programme (IPERION CH Grant 654028). The authors thank the staff of the Van Gogh Museum for their collaboration. ; Approved Most recent IF: 11.994  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:153185 Serial 5517  
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Author Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Caen, J.; Adams, F. openurl 
  Title Chemische en morfologische karakterisatie van de grissailles van Capronnier met behulp van EPXMA Type P3 Proceeding
  Year 1999 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:32404 Serial 5518  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Monico, L.; Janssens, K.; Cotte, M.; Sorace, L.; Vanmeert, F.; Brunetti, B.G.; Miliani, C. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Chromium speciation methods and infrared spectroscopy for studying the chemical reactivity of lead chromate-based pigments in oil medium Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2016 Publication Microchemical journal T2 – TECHNART Conference, APR 27-30, 2015, Catania, ITALY Abbreviated Journal Microchem J  
  Volume 124 Issue Pages 272-282  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Environmental factors, such as light, humidity and temperature are triggering agents for the alteration of organic and/or inorganic constituents of oil paintings. The oxidation of the organic material is favored by increasing of relative humidity and temperature, whereas processes involving changes of the oxidation states of a number of inorganic pigments (e.g., vermilion, cadmium yellows, zinc yellows, chrome yellows) are mainly activated by light-exposure. In view of the optimization of the long-term conservation and restoration strategies of paintings it is of relevant interest to establish the consequences of thermal parameters (temperature and relative humidity) on the chemical/photochemical-reactivity and the nature of the alteration products of light sensitive-pigments in oil medium. To this aim here we propose a multi-method analytical approach based on the combination of diffuse reflectance UV-Vis, FTIR, synchrotron radiation (SR)-based micro X-ray fluorescence (mu-XRF)/micro-X-ray absorption neat edge structure ()CANES) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies for studying the effects of different relative humidity conditions before and after light exposure on the reactivity of a series of lead chromate-based pigments [such as PbCrO4 center dot PbO (monoclinic), PbCrO4 (monoclinic) and PbCr0.2S0.8O4 (orthorhombic)] in an oil medium. The investigation of paint models was also compared to that of a late 19th century historical orthorhombic PbCr0.4S0.6O4 oil paint. Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis and FTIR spectroscopies were used to obtain information associated with chromatic changes and the formation of organo-metal degradation products at the paint surface. SR-based Cr K-edge mu-XANES/mu-XRF mapping analysis and EPR spectroscopy were employed in a complementary fashion to determine the amount, nature and distribution of Cr(III) and Cr(V)-based alteration compounds within the paints with micrometric spatial resolution. Under the employed thermal aging conditions, lead(II)-carboxylates and reduced Cr-compounds (in abundance of up to about 35% at the surface) have been identified in the lead chromate-based paints. The tendency of chromates to become reduced increased with increasing moisture levels and was favored for the orthorhombic PbCr0.2S0.8O4 compounds. The redox process gave rise to the formation of Cr(V)-species in relative amount much higher than that was formed in the equivalent paint which was exposed only to light. After light-exposure of the thermally aged paints, compounds ascribable to the oxidation of the organic binder were detected for all the types of pigments. Nevertheless, the previous thermal treatment increased the tendency toward photo-reduction of only the PbCr0.2S0.8O4 pigment. For this light-sensitive compound, the thickness variation of the reduced Cr-rich (ca. 70%) photo-alteration layer with moisture levels could be ascribed to a surface passivation phenomenon that had already occurred before photochemical aging. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000367755600042 Publication Date 2015-09-12  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0026-265x; 0026-265x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.034 Times cited 23 Open Access  
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.034  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:131099 Serial 5519  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Cagno, S.; Brede, D.A.; Nuyts, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Pacureanu, A.; Tucoulou, R.; Cloetens, P.; Falkenberg, G.; Janssens, K.; Salbu, B.; Lind, O.C. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Combined computed nanotomography and nanoscopic x-ray fluorescence imaging of cobalt nanoparticles in caenorhabditis elegans Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2017 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 89 Issue 21 Pages 11435-11442  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Synchrotron radiation phase-contrast computed nanotomography (nano-CT) and two-and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) nanoscopic X-ray fluorescence (nano-XRF) were used to investigate the internal distribution of engineered-cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) in exposed individuals of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Whole-nematodes and selected tissues and organs were 3D-rendered: anatomical 3D renderings with 50 nm voxel size enabled the visualization of spherical nanoparticle aggregates. with size tip to 200 nm within intact C. elegans. A 20 X 37 nm(2) high-brilliance beam was employed to obtain XRF elemental distribution maps of entire nematodes or anatomical details such as embryos, which could be compared with the CT data, These maps showed Co NPs to be predominantly present within the intestine and the epithelium, and they were not colocalized with Zn granules found in the lysosonie-containing vesicles or Fe agglomerates in the intestine. Iterated XRF scanning of a specimen at 0 degrees and 90 degrees angles suggested that NP aggregates were translocated into tissues outside of the intestinal lumen. Virtual-slicing by means of 2D XRF tomography, combined with holotomography, indicated presumable presence of individual NP aggregates inside the uterus and within embryos.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000414887000041 Publication Date 2017-10-10  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 13 Open Access  
  Notes ; This study has been funded by the Norwegian Research Council through its Centre of Excellence (CoE) funding scheme (Project 223268/F50). We gratefully acknowledge ESRF and DESY for granting beamtime and Karl Andreas Jensen for performing ICPMS analysis. We thank Erica Maremonti for supplying the phase-contrast image used in Figure ^1A. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:147383 Serial 5520  
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Author Simoen, J.; De Meyer, S.; Vanmeert, F.; De Keyser, N.; Avranovich, E.; van der Snickt, G.; Van Loon, A.; Keune, K.; Janssens, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Combined Micro- and Macro scale X-ray powder diffraction mapping of degraded Orpiment paint in a 17th century still life painting by Martinus Nellius Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Heritage science Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 83  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)  
  Abstract The spontaneous chemical alteration of artists' pigment materials may be caused by several degradation processes. Some of these are well known while others are still in need of more detailed investigation and documentation. These changes often become apparent as color modifications, either caused by a change in the oxidation state in the original material or the formation of degradation products or salts, via simple or more complex, multistep reactions. Arsenic-based pigments such as orpiment (As2S3) or realgar (alpha-As4S4) are prone to such alterations and are often described as easily oxidizing upon exposure to light. Macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) imaging on a sub area of a still life painting by the 17th century Dutch painter Martinus Nellius was employed in combination with microscopic (mu-) XRPD imaging of a paint cross section taken in the area imaged by MA-XRPD. In this way, the in situ formation of secondary metal arsenate and sulfate species and their migration through the paint layer stack they originate from could be visualized. In the areas originally painted with orpiment, it could be shown that several secondary minerals such as schultenite (PbHAsO4), mimetite (Pb-5(AsO4)(3)Cl), palmierite (K2Pb(SO4)(2)) and syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)(2)center dot H2O) have formed. Closer inspection of the cross-sectioned paint layer stack with mu-XRPD illustrates that the arsenate minerals schultenite and mimetite have precipitated at the interface between the orpiment layer and the layer below that is rich in lead white, i.e. close to the depth of formation of the arsenate ions. The sulfate palmierite has mostly precipitated at the surface and upper layers of the painting.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000490592700001 Publication Date 2019-10-16  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 2050-7445 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited 2 Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors acknowledge financial support from the NWO (The Hague) Science4Arts 'ReVisRembrandt' project (AvL, JD), the GOA Project Solarpaint (University of Antwerp Research Council) (SdM) and the METOX project (Belgian Federal Science Policy) (FvM). Special thanks go to the support received from FWO, Brussels via projects G056619 N and G054719 N (GvdS, KJ) and from NWO, The Hague via project NICAS/3D2P (KK, NdK). Parts of the MA-XRPD scanner could be purchased thanks to InterReg Project Smart*Light. ; Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:163693 Serial 5521  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author de Nolf, W.; Jaroszewicz, J.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Farnell, S.; Klaassen, L. openurl 
  Title Combined micro-XRF/XRPD tomography on historical and modern paint multilayer samples at Beamline L Type H3 Book chapter
  Year 2008 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 1633-1634  
  Keywords H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:74475 Serial 5522  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Jaroszewicz, J.; de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K.; Claussen-Kjerre, L.; Lind, O.C.; Salbu, B.; Falkenberg, G. openurl 
  Title Combined use of μ-XRF and μ-XRD for characterization of radioactive particle clusters released during the Chernobyl reactor incident Type H3 Book chapter
  Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:64599 Serial 5523  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Jaroszewicz, J.; de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K.; Michalski, A.; Falkenberg, G. openurl 
  Title Combined use of μ-XRF and μ-XRD to determine the heterogeneity, the chemical and phase composition of Ti-B-C ceramics prepared by the pulse plasma sintering (PPS) method Type H3 Book chapter
  Year 2007 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:64596 Serial 5524  
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Author Basile, F.; Benito, P.; Bugani, S.; de Nolf, W.; Fornasari, G.; Janssens, K.; Morselli, L.; Scavetta, E.; Tonelli, D.; Vaccari, A. doi  openurl
  Title Combined use of synchrotron-radiation-based imaging techniques for the characterization of structured catalysts Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2010 Publication Advanced functional materials Abbreviated Journal Adv Funct Mater  
  Volume 20 Issue 23 Pages 4117-4126  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Active-phase-coated metallic supports as structured catalysts are gaining attention in endothermic and exothermic processes because they improve heat transfer. The deposition of a well-adhered and stable catalyst layer on the metallic support constitutes an important feature for the successful application of the final material. In this work, coating of FeCrAlY foams is performed by a one-step electrosynthesis-deposition of hydrotalcite-type compounds, precursors of catalysts active in endothermic steam methane reforming. The catalysts are studied at different length scales by using, for the first time, a combination of several techniques: SEM/EDS and X-ray fluorescence, X-ray powder diffraction and absorption-tomography experiments on the micro- and nanoscales at a synchrotron facility. The results show that the morphology of the coating depends on the synthesis conditions and that the catalyst may be described as Ni metal crystallites dispersed on γ-Al2O3, homogeneously coating the FeCrAlY foam.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000285392900010 Publication Date 2010-09-23  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1616-301x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 12.124 Times cited 24 Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors give thanks to Dr. Cloetens, for helping during the absorption tomography experiments, performed at ID19 of the ESRF; and P. Blauet and R. Toucolou, for helping during the mu-XRF/XRPD and nano-XRF experiments at ID22 and ID22-NI of the ESRF. The financial support from the Ministero per l'Istruzione, l'Universita e la Ricerca (MIUR, Roma, Italy) is gratefully acknowledged. ; Approved Most recent IF: 12.124; 2010 IF: 8.508  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:85834 Serial 5525  
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Author van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; de Nolf, W.; Vanmeert, F.; Jaroszewicz, J.; Cotte, M.; Falkenberg, G.; Van der Loeff, L. doi  openurl
  Title Combined use of synchrotron radiation based micro-X-ray fluorescence, micro-X-ray diffraction, micro-X-ray absorption near-edge, and micro-fourier transform infrared spectroscopies for revealing an alternative degradation pathway of the pigment cadmium yellow in a painting by Van Gogh Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2012 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 84 Issue 23 Pages 10221-10228  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Over the past years a number of studies have described the instability of the pigment cadmium yellow (CdS). In a previous paper we have shown how cadmium sulfide on paintings by James Ensor oxidizes to CdSO4 center dot H2O. The degradation process gives rise to the fading of the bright yellow color and the formation of disfiguring white crystals that are present on the paint surface in approximately 50 mu m sized globular agglomerations. Here, we study cadmium yellow in the painting “Flowers in a blue vase” by Vincent van Gogh. This painting differs from the Ensor case in the fact that (a) a varnish was superimposed onto the degraded paint surface and (b) the CdS paint area is entirely covered with an opaque crust. The latter obscures the yellow color completely and thus presents a seemingly more advanced state of degradation. Analysis of a cross-sectioned and a crushed sample by combining scanning microscopic X-ray diffraction (mu-XRD), microscopic X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (mu-XANES), microscopic X-ray fluorescence (mu-XRF) based chemical state mapping and scanning microscopic Fourier transform infrared (mu-FT-IR) spectrometry allowed unravelling the complex alteration pathway. Although no crystalline CdSO4 compounds were identified on the Van Gogh paint samples, we conclude that the observed degradation was initially caused by oxidation of the original CdS pigment, similar as for the previous Ensor case. However, due to the presence of an overlying varnish containing lead-based driers and oxalate ions, secondary reactions took place. In particular, it appears that upon the photoinduced oxidation of its sulfidic counterion, the Cd2+ ions reprecipitated at the paint/varnish interface after having formed a complex with oxalate ions that themselves are considered to be degradation products of the resin and/or oil in the varnish. The SO42- anions, for their part, found a suitable reaction partner in Pb2+ ions stemming from a dissolved lead-based siccative that was added to the varnish to promote its drying. The resulting opaque anglesite compound in the varnish, in combination with the underlying CdC2O4 layer at the paint/varnish interface, account for the orange-gray crust that is disfiguring the painting on a macroscopic level. In this way, the results presented in this paper demonstrate how, through a judicious combined use of several microanalytical methods with speciation capabilities, many new insights can be obtained from two minute, but highly complex and heterogeneous paint samples.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000311815300013 Publication Date 2012-08-30  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 59 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research was supported by BELSPO via the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme (IUAP VI/16) and the S2-ART project (SD/RI/04A) and funded by Grants from the ESRF (EC-442) and PETRA-III (I-20120312 EC). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) project nos. G.0103.04, G.0689.06, and G.0704.08. The staff of the Kroller-Muller Museum and painting conservators Margje Leeuwestein and Esther Van Duijn are acknowledged for this pleasant cooperation and the authorization for the publication of the images in this article. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32; 2012 IF: 5.695  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:105971 Serial 5526  
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Author Rouchon, V.; Pellizzi, E.; Duranton, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K. doi  openurl
  Title Combining XANES, ICP-AES, and SEM/EDS for the study of phytate chelating treatments used on iron gall ink damaged manuscripts Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2011 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal J Anal Atom Spectrom  
  Volume 26 Issue 12 Pages 2434-2441  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Many historical documents written with iron gall inks are endangered by the corrosive effects of these inks. In this work, a combination of complementary analytical methods was used for the first time in order to study the phytate process which is used in conservation studios to stabilize damaged manuscripts. This process consists of an antioxidant treatment performed by means of a calcium phytate (CP) solution, followed by a deacidification treatment performed with a calcium carbonate (CC) solution. The antioxidant treatment capitalizes on the properties of myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid (phytic acid) that inhibits iron through chelation. In order to use relatively low acidic solutions, the pH of the CP solution is increased up to values between 5 and 6, which is in the range of the CP precipitation threshold. This study was performed on laboratory samples made of paper impregnated with iron gall ink and artificially aged in climatic chambers. It aims to investigate how the CP precipitate impacts the efficiency of the treatment. Side effects, such as elemental losses and deposits, were measured by means of several analytical techniques (FeK Edge XANES, SEM/EDS, and ICP-AES). These measurements were crosschecked with a ready to use colour spot test made of bathophenanthroline impregnated paper. It appeared that the CP treatment should necessarily be followed by the deacidification treatment in order to achieve long term stability. The precipitation of CP in the treating solution does finally not impact the efficiency of the treatment despite the fact that it should theoretically lower the availability of phytate to chelate iron. A scenario is proposed to explain this point.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000297030400008 Publication Date 2011-10-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 3.379 Times cited 10 Open Access  
  Notes ; This research was funded by SOLEIL (proposals 20060396 and 20080761) and was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. We are thankful to the paper conservator students of the Institut National du Patrimoine who were involved in some of the sample preparations, and to Dr Dominique Thiaudiere and Dr Solenn Reguer for their assistance and help during the experiments performed at SOLEIL beamline “DIFFABS”. ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:93845 Serial 5527  
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Author Vittiglio, G.; Bichlmeier, S.; Klinger, P.; Heckel, J.; Fuzhong, W.; Vincze, L.; Janssens, K.; Engström, P.; Rindby, A.; Dietrich, K.; Jembrih-Simbürger, D.; Schreiner, M.; Denis, D.; Lakdar, A.; Lamotte, A. openurl 
  Title A compact μ-XRF spectrometer for (in-situ) analyses of cultural heritage and forensic materials Type A3 Journal article
  Year 2004 Publication Nuclear instruments and methods in physics research B Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 213 Issue Pages 693-698  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:45374 Serial 5528  
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Author Bichlmeier, S.; Janssens, K.; Heckel, J.; Hoffmann, P.; Ortner, H.M. doi  openurl
  Title Comparative material characterization of historical and industrial samples by using a compact micro-XRF spectrometer Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2002 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal X-Ray Spectrom  
  Volume 31 Issue 1 Pages 87-91  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000173653400016 Publication Date 2002-10-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.298 Times cited 12 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.298; 2002 IF: 1.574  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:36670 Serial 5529  
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Author Janssens, K.H.; Adams, F.C.; van Langevelde, F.; Vis, R.D.; Jones, K.W.; Rivers, M.; Sutton, S. openurl 
  Title Comparison of synchrotron X-ray microanalysis with electron and proton microscopy for individual particle analysis Type A3 Journal article
  Year 1992 Publication Advances in X-ray analysis Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 35 Issue Pages 1265-1273  
  Keywords A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0376-0308 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:2811 Serial 5530  
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Author Janssens, K.; van Langevelde, F.; Adams, F.; Vis, R.; Sutton, S.; Rivers, M.; Jones, K.; Bowen, D. openurl 
  Title Comparison of synchrotron X-ray microanalysis with electron and proton microscopy for individual particle analysis Type P3 Proceeding
  Year 1992 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:4190 Serial 5531  
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Author Janssens, K. openurl 
  Title Comparison with other microanalytical techniques Type H3 Book chapter
  Year 2000 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 211-243  
  Keywords H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:27727 Serial 5532  
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Author Wagner, B.; Nowak, A.; Bulska, E.; Kunicki-Goldfinger, J.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; schalm doi  openurl
  Title Complementary analysis of historical glass by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and laser ablation inductiveley coupled plasma mass spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2008 Publication Microchimica acta Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 162 Issue 3-4 Pages 415-424  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000258194900014 Publication Date 2007-10-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited 28 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:70565 Serial 5533  
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Author Bichlmeier, S.; Janssens, K.; Heckel, J.; Gibson, D.; Hoffmann, P.; Ortner, H.M. doi  openurl
  Title Component selection for a compact micro-XRF spectrometer Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2001 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal X-Ray Spectrom  
  Volume 30 Issue Pages 8-14  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000166923700003 Publication Date 2002-08-25  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.298 Times cited 33 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.298; 2001 IF: 1.414  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:36126 Serial 5534  
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Author Storme, P.; Selucká, A.; Rapouch, K.; Mazík, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Van de Voorde, L.; Vekemans, B.; Vincze, L.; Caen, J.; De Wael, K. openurl 
  Title Composition and corrosion forms on archaeological and non-archaeological historic printing letters from the Moravian Museum, Memorial of Kralice Bible, the Czech Republic and the Museum Plantin-Moretus Antwerp, Belgium Type P1 Proceeding
  Year 2015 Publication Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume Issue Pages 59-65  
  Keywords P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 978-2-87522-152-0; 0770-8505 ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:126909 Serial 5535  
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Author Hellemans, K.; Vincke, A.; Cagno, S.; Herremans, D.; De Clercq, W.; Janssens, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Composition and state of alteration of 18th-century glass finds found at the Cistercian nunnery of Clairefontaine, Belgium Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of archaeological science Abbreviated Journal J Archaeol Sci  
  Volume 47 Issue Pages 121-133  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Philosophy; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract A hundred 18th-century glass fragments were recovered at the Clairefontaine monastery in the Belgian province of Luxembourg. They were analysed by a combination of SEM-EDX and LA-ICP-MS in order to determine their major composition as well as their trace element signature. Multivariate statistical methods such as hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis were used to divide the glass fragments into four main groups: potassium-rich glass, sodium-rich glass, potassium/lime-rich glass and high-lime-low-alkali glass. Within every group, not only a similarity in composition is observed, but also in colour, morphology and deterioration patterns. Potash glass fragments are the most abundant and show extensive deterioration; two classes of potash glass were identified: one similar to certain Central European glass compositions, while the other one, characterised by large variations in potash: lime ratio, may be attributed to local (regional) glass production. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication (up) Editor  
  Language Wos 000339037300012 Publication Date 2014-04-24  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0305-4403 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.602 Times cited 12 Open Access  
  Notes ; Archaeological fieldwork at Clairefontaine was directed by Prof. Dr. J. De Meulemeester (dagger) and financed by the Walloon Government. Post-excavation research is carried out within the framework of the PhD-project (FNR Luxembourg BFR06-80): “The material culture of Clairefontaine abbey”. This investigation was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme (Belgian Science Policy – IUAP VI/16) and by the HERCULES foundation. This work was partly supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme, project number 223268/F50. ; Approved Most recent IF: 2.602; 2014 IF: 2.196  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:118711 Serial 5536  
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