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	Author	Pramanik, G.; Kvakova, K.; Thottappali, M.A.; Rais, D.; Pfleger, J.; Greben, M.; El-Zoka, A.; Bals, S.; Dracinsky, M.; Valenta, J.; Cigler, P.
	Title	Inverse heavy-atom effect in near infrared photoluminescent gold nanoclusters			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2021	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	13	Issue	23	Pages	10462-10467
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) ;
	Abstract	Fluorophores functionalized with heavy elements show enhanced intersystem crossing due to increased spin–orbit coupling, which in turn shortens the fluorescence decay lifetime (<italic>τ</italic><sup>PL</sup>). This phenomenon is known as the heavy-atom effect (HAE). Here, we report the observation of increased<italic>τ</italic><sup>PL</sup>upon functionalisation of near-infrared photoluminescent gold nanoclusters with iodine. The heavy atom-mediated increase in<italic>τ</italic><sup>PL</sup>is in striking contrast with the HAE and referred to as inverse HAE. Femtosecond and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed overcompensation of a slight decrease in lifetime of the transition associated with the Au core (ps) by a large increase in the long-lived triplet state lifetime associated with the Au shell, which contributed to the observed inverse HAE. This unique observation of inverse HAE in gold nanoclusters provides the means to enhance the triplet excited state lifetime.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2021-05-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364	ISBN		Additional Links
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	7	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	The authors acknowledge support from GACR project Nr.18- 12533S. G. P. acknowledges support from EUSMI project No. E180200060; J.P. from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic – Program INTER-EXCELLENCE (LTAUSA19066).			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @			Serial	6950
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	Author	Grünewald, L.; Chezganov, D.; De Meyer, R.; Orekhov, A.; Van Aert, S.; Bogaerts, A.; Bals, S.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	In Situ Plasma Studies Using a Direct Current Microplasma in a Scanning Electron Microscope			Type	A1 Journal Article
	Year	2024	Publication	Advanced Materials Technologies	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Materials Technologies
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	A1 Journal Article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) ;
	Abstract	Microplasmas can be used for a wide range of technological applications and to improve the understanding of fundamental physics. Scanning electron microscopy, on the other hand, provides insights into the sample morphology and chemistry of materials from the mm‐ down to the nm‐scale. Combining both would provide direct insight into plasma‐sample interactions in real‐time and at high spatial resolution. Up till now, very few attempts in this direction have been made, and significant challenges remain. This work presents a stable direct current glow discharge microplasma setup built inside a scanning electron microscope. The experimental setup is capable of real‐time in situ imaging of the sample evolution during plasma operation and it demonstrates localized sputtering and sample oxidation. Further, the experimental parameters such as varying gas mixtures, electrode polarity, and field strength are explored and experimental<italic>V</italic>–<italic>I</italic>curves under various conditions are provided. These results demonstrate the capabilities of this setup in potential investigations of plasma physics, plasma‐surface interactions, and materials science and its practical applications. The presented setup shows the potential to have several technological applications, for example, to locally modify the sample surface (e.g., local oxidation and ion implantation for nanotechnology applications) on the µm‐scale.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2024-02-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2365-709X	ISBN		Additional Links
	Impact Factor	6.8	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	L.G., S.B., and J.V. acknowledge support from the iBOF-21-085 PERsist research fund. D.C., S.V.A., and J.V. acknowledge funding from a TOPBOF project of the University of Antwerp (FFB 170366). R.D.M., A.B., and J.V. acknowledge funding from the Methusalem project of the University of Antwerp (FFB 15001A, FFB 15001C). A.O. and J.V. acknowledge funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) project SBO S000121N.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.8; 2024 IF: NA
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @			Serial	8995
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	Author	Roose, D.; Leroux, F.; de Vocht, N.; Guglielmetti, C.; Pintelon, I.; Adriaensen, D.; Ponsaerts, P.; van der Linden, A.-M.; Bals, S.
	Title	Multimodal imaging of micron-sized iron oxide particles following in vitro and in vivo uptake by stem cells: down to the nanometer scale			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Contrast media and molecular imaging	Abbreviated Journal	Contrast Media Mol I
	Volume	9	Issue	6	Pages	400-408
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Bio-Imaging lab
	Abstract	In this study, the interaction between cells and micron-sized paramagnetic iron oxide (MPIO) particles was investigated by characterizing MPIO in their original state, and after cellular uptake in vitro as well as in vivo. Moreover, MPIO in the olfactory bulb were studied 9months after injection. Using various imaging techniques, cell-MPIO interactions were investigated with increasing spatial resolution. Live cell confocal microscopy demonstrated that MPIO co-localize with lysosomes after in vitro cellular uptake. In more detail, a membrane surrounding the MPIO was observed by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM). Following MPIO uptake in vivo, the same cell-MPIO interaction was observed by HAADF-STEM in the subventricular zone at 1week and in the olfactory bulb at 9months after MPIO injection. These findings provide proof for the current hypothesis that MPIO are internalized by the cell through endocytosis. The results also show MPIO are not biodegradable, even after 9months in the brain. Moreover, they show the possibility of HAADF-STEM generating information on the labeled cell as well as on the MPIO. In summary, the methodology presented here provides a systematic route to investigate the interaction between cells and nanoparticles from the micrometer level down to the nanometer level and beyond. Copyright (c) 2014 John Wiley Sons, Ltd.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	S.l.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000346172100001	Publication Date	2014-04-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1555-4309;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.307	Times cited	5	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; The authors would like to thank Sofie Thys for her technical support. The UltraVIEW VoX spinning disk confocal microscope was purchased with support of the Hercules Foundation (Hercules Type 1: AUHA 09/001 and AUHA 11/01). The authors also appreciate financial support from the European Union under the Seventh Framework Program (Integrated Infrastructure Initiative no. 262348 European Soft Matter Infrastructure, ESMI), the Fund for Scientific Research- Flanders and the Flemish Institute for Science and Technology and the Belgian government through the Interuniversity Attraction Pole Program (IAP- PAI). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.307; 2014 IF: 2.923
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:122750			Serial	2222
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	Author	Van Eyndhoven, G.; Batenburg, K.J.; van Oers, C.; Kurttepeli, M.; Bals, S.; Cool, P.; Sijbers, J.
	Title	Reliable pore-size measurements based on a procedure specifically designed for electron tomography measurements of nanoporous samples			Type	P3 Proceeding
	Year	2014	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	P3 Proceeding; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	S.l.	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:124548			Serial	2866
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	Author	Bals, S.; Kisielowski, C.; Croitoru, M.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Tomography using annular dark field imaging in TEM			Type	A3 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	S	Pages	2118-2119
	Keywords	A3 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54880			Serial	3672
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	Author	Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; van Dyck, D.; Avila-Brande, D.
	Title	Statistical estimation of oxygen atomic positions eith sub Ångstrom precision from exit wave reconstruction			Type	A3 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	S	Pages	556-557
	Keywords	A3 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54881			Serial	3155
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	Author	Batenburg, K.J.; Bals, S.; Sijbers, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	DART explained: how to carry out a discrete tomography reconstruction			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2008	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	295-296
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-3-540-85154-7	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:77914			Serial	606
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	Author	Bals, S.; Stes, A.; Celis, V.
	Title	Klassieke toetsing in de praktijk			Type	H2 Book chapter
	Year	2009	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	211-225
	Keywords	H2 Book chapter; Educational sciences; EduBROn; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	LannooCampus	Place of Publication	Leuven	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978 90 209 8819 2	Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:79658			Serial	1762
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	Author	Lisiecki, I.; Turner, S.; Bals, S.; Pileni, M.P.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Enhanced stability against oxidation due to 2D self-organisation of hcp cobalt nanocrystals			Type	H1 Book chapter
	Year	2008	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	273-274
	Keywords	H1 Book chapter; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-540-85226-1	Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87610			Serial	1055
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	Author	Bals, S.; Casavola, M.; van Huis, M.A.; Van Aert, S.; Batenburg, K.J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.
	Title	Three-dimensional atomic imaging of colloidal core-shell nanocrystals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Nano letters	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett
	Volume	11	Issue	8	Pages	3420-3424
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Colloidal coreshell semiconductor nanocrystals form an important class of optoelectronic materials, in which the exciton wave functions can be tailored by the atomic configuration of the core, the interfacial layers, and the shell. Here, we provide a trustful 3D characterization at the atomic scale of a free-standing PbSe(core)CdSe(shell) nanocrystal by combining electron microscopy and discrete tomography. Our results yield unique insights for understanding the process of cation exchange, which is widely employed in the synthesis of coreshell nanocrystals. The study that we present is generally applicable to the broad range of colloidal heteronanocrystals that currently emerge as a new class of materials with technological importance.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington	Editor
	Language		Wos	000293665600062	Publication Date	2011-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1530-6984;1530-6992;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.712	Times cited	121	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.712; 2011 IF: 13.198
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:91263			Serial	3643
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	Author	Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; Romero, C.P.; Lauwaet, K.; Van Bael, M.J.; Schoeters, B.; Partoens, B.; Yuecelen, E.; Lievens, P.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Atomic scale dynamics of ultrasmall germanium clusters			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Nature communications	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Commun
	Volume	3	Issue	897	Pages	897
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	Starting from the gas phase, small clusters can be produced and deposited with huge flexibility with regard to composition, materials choice and cluster size. Despite many advances in experimental characterization, a detailed morphology of such clusters is still lacking. Here we present an atomic scale observation as well as the dynamical behaviour of ultrasmall germanium clusters. Using quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy in combination with ab initio calculations, we are able to characterize the transition between different equilibrium geometries of a germanium cluster consisting of less than 25 atoms. Seven-membered rings, trigonal prisms and some smaller subunits are identified as possible building blocks that stabilize the structure.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000306099900024	Publication Date	2012-06-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2041-1723;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.124	Times cited	90	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap; Iwt			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.124; 2012 IF: 10.015
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:100340			Serial	183
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	Author	Van Tendeloo, G.; Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; Verbeeck, J.; van Dyck, D.
	Title	Advanced electron microscopy for advanced materials			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Advanced materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Mater
	Volume	24	Issue	42	Pages	5655-5675
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	The idea of this Review is to introduce newly developed possibilities of advanced electron microscopy to the materials science community. Over the last decade, electron microscopy has evolved into a full analytical tool, able to provide atomic scale information on the position, nature, and even the valency atoms. This information is classically obtained in two dimensions (2D), but can now also be obtained in 3D. We show examples of applications in the field of nanoparticles and interfaces.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000310602200001	Publication Date	2012-08-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0935-9648;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	19.791	Times cited	107	Open Access
	Notes	This work was supported by funding from the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7), ERC grant No 246791 – COUNTATOMS. J.V. Acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7), ERC Starting Grant 278510 VORTEX. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium). The Qu-Ant-EM microscope was partly funded by the Hercules Fund from the Flemish Government. We thank Rafal Dunin-Borkowski for providing Figure 5d. The authors would like to thank the colleagues who have contributed to this work over the years, including K.J. Batenburg, R. Erni, B. Goris, F. Leroux, H. Lichte, A. Lubk, B. Partoens, M. D. Rossell, P. Schattschneider, B. Schoeters, D. Schryvers, H. Tan, H. Tian, S. Turner, M. van Huis. ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 19.791; 2012 IF: 14.829
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:100470UA @ admin @ c:irua:100470			Serial	70
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	Author	Quintana, M.; Grzelczak, M.; Spyrou, K.; Calvaresi, M.; Bals, S.; Kooi, B.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Rudolf, P.; Zerbetto, F.; Prato, M.
	Title	A simple road for the transformation of few-layer graphene into MWNTs			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Journal of the American Chemical Society	Abbreviated Journal	J Am Chem Soc
	Volume	134	Issue	32	Pages	13310-13315
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We report the direct formation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) by ultrasonication of graphite in dimethylformamide (DMF) upon addition of ferrocene aldehyde (Fc-CHO). The tubular structures appear exclusively at the edges of graphene layers and contain Fe clusters. Pc in conjunction with benzyl aldehyde, or other Fc derivatives, does not induce formation of NT. Higher amounts of Fc-CHO added to the dispersion do not increase significantly MWNT formation. Increasing the temperature reduces the amount of formation of MWNTs and shows the key role of ultrasound-induced cavitation energy. It is concluded that Fc-CHO first reduces the concentration of radical reactive species that slice graphene into small moieties, localizes itself at the edges of graphene, templates the rolling up of a sheet to form a nanoscroll, where it remains trapped, and finally accepts and donates unpaired electron to the graphene edges and converts the less stable scroll into a MWNT. This new methodology matches the long held notion that CNTs are rolled up graphene layers. The proposed mechanism is general and will lead to control the production of carbon nanostructures by simple ultrasonication treatments.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000307487200034	Publication Date	2012-05-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0002-7863;1520-5126;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.858	Times cited	56	Open Access
	Notes	This work was supported by the University of Trieste, the Italian Ministry of Education MIUR (cofin Prot. 20085M27SS), the European Union through the ERC grant No. 246791 – COUNTATOMS, the grant agreement for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative N. 262348 ESMI, and the “Graphene-based electronics” research program of the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM).			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.858; 2012 IF: 10.677
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101109			Serial	3003
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	Author	Bertoni, G.; Grillo, V.; Brescia, R.; Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Catellani, A.; Li, H.; Manna, L.
	Title	Direct determination of polarity, faceting, and core location in colloidal core/shell wurtzite semiconductor nanocrystals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	6	Issue	7	Pages	6453-6461
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The ability to determine the atomic arrangement and termination of various facets of surfactant-coated nanocrystals is of great importance for understanding their growth mechanism and their surface properties and represents a critical piece of information that can be coupled to other experimental techniques and to calculations. This is especially appealing in the study of nanocrystals that can be grown in strongly anisotropic shapes, for which the relative growth rates of various facets can be influenced under varying reaction conditions. Here we show that in two representative cases of rod-shaped nanocrystals in the wurtzite phase (CdSe(core)/CdS(shell) and ZnSe(core)/ZnS(shell) nanorods) the terminations of the polar facets can be resolved unambiguously by combining advanced electron microscopy techniques, such as aberration-corrected HRTEM with exit wave reconstruction or aberration-corrected HAADF-STEM. The [0001] and [000-1] polar directions of these rods, which grow preferentially along their c-axis, are revealed clearly, with one side consisting of the Cd (or Zn)-terminated (0001) facet and the other side with a pronounced faceting due to Cd (or Zn)-terminated {10-1-1} facets. The lateral faceting of the rods is instead dominated by three nonpolar {10-10} facets. The core buried in the nanostructure can be localized in both the exit wave phase and HAADF-STEM images.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000306673800079	Publication Date	2012-06-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	63	Open Access
	Notes	The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under grant number 240111 (NANO-ARCH) and the financial support from the Flemish Hercules 3 Programme for large infrastructures. G.B. and V.G. thank E. Rotunno for his help with STEM_CELL and IWFR.			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2012 IF: 12.062
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101138			Serial	710
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	Author	Goris, B.; Roelandts, T.; Batenburg, K.J.; Heidari Mezerji, H.; Bals, S.
	Title	Advanced reconstruction algorithms for electron tomography : from comparison to combination			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	127	Issue		Pages	40-47
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	In this work, the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT), the total variation minimization (TVM) reconstruction technique and the discrete algebraic reconstruction technique (DART) for electron tomography are compared and the advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Furthermore, we describe how the result of a three dimensional (3D) reconstruction based on TVM can provide objective information that is needed as the input for a DART reconstruction. This approach results in a tomographic reconstruction of which the segmentation is carried out in an objective manner.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000316659100007	Publication Date	2012-08-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	63	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2013 IF: 2.745
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101217			Serial	72
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	Author	Altantzis, T.; Goris, B.; Sánchez-Iglesias, A.; Grzelczak, M.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Bals, S.
	Title	Quantitative structure determination of large three-dimensional nanoparticle assemblies			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Particle and particle systems characterization	Abbreviated Journal	Part Part Syst Char
	Volume	30	Issue	1	Pages	84-88
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Thumbnail image of graphical abstract To investigate nanoassemblies in three dimensions, electron tomography is an important tool. For large nanoassemblies, it is not straightforward to obtain quantitative results in three dimensions. An optimized acquisition technique, incoherent bright field scanning transmission electron microscopy, is combined with an advanced 3D reconstruction algorithm. The approach is applied to quantitatively analyze large nanoassemblies in three dimensions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000310806000008	Publication Date	2012-11-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0934-0866;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.474	Times cited	23	Open Access
	Notes	Goa; Fwo; 267867 Plasmaquo; 262348 Esmi			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.474; 2013 IF: 0.537
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101776			Serial	2763
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	Author	Evers, W.H.; Goris, B.; Bals, S.; Casavola, M.; de Graaf, J.; van Roij, R.; Dijkstra, M.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.
	Title	Low-dimensional semiconductor superlattices formed by geometric control over nanocrystal attachment			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Nano letters	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett
	Volume	13	Issue	6	Pages	2317-2323
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Oriented attachment, the process in which nanometer-sized crystals fuse by atomic bonding of specific crystal facets, is expected to be more difficult to control than nanocrystal self-assembly that is driven by entropic factors or weak van der Waals attractions. Here, we present a study of oriented attachment of PbSe nanocrystals that counteract this tuition. The reaction was studied in a thin film of the suspension casted on an immiscible liquid at a given temperature. We report that attachment can be controlled such that it occurs with one type of facets exclusively. By control of the temperature and particle concentration we obtain one- or two-dimensional PbSe single crystals, the latter with a honeycomb or square superimposed periodicity in the nanometer range. We demonstrate the ability to convert these PbSe superstructures into other semiconductor compounds with the preservation of crystallinity and geometry.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington	Editor
	Language		Wos	000320485100001	Publication Date	2012-10-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1530-6984;1530-6992;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.712	Times cited	206	Open Access
	Notes	262348 ESMI; Hercules 3			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.712; 2013 IF: 12.940
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101777			Serial	1847
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	Author	Goris, B.; Bals, S.; van den Broek, W.; Carbó-Argibay, E.; Gómez-Graña, S.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Atomic-scale determination of surface facets in gold nanorods			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Nature materials	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Mater
	Volume	11	Issue	11	Pages	930-935
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	It is widely accepted that the physical properties of nanostructures depend on the type of surface facets1, 2. For Au nanorods, the surface facets have a major influence on crucial effects such as reactivity and ligand adsorption and there has been controversy regarding facet indexing3, 4. Aberration-corrected electron microscopy is the ideal technique to study the atomic structure of nanomaterials5, 6. However, these images correspond to two-dimensional (2D) projections of 3D nano-objects, leading to an incomplete characterization. Recently, much progress was achieved in the field of atomic-resolution electron tomography, but it is still far from being a routinely used technique. Here we propose a methodology to measure the 3D atomic structure of free-standing nanoparticles, which we apply to characterize the surface facets of Au nanorods. This methodology is applicable to a broad range of nanocrystals, leading to unique insights concerning the connection between the structure and properties of nanostructures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000310434600015	Publication Date	2012-10-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1476-1122;1476-4660;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	39.737	Times cited	261	Open Access
	Notes	262348 ESMI; Hercules 3; 24691 COUNTATOMS; 267867 PLASMAQUO			Approved	Most recent IF: 39.737; 2012 IF: 35.749
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101778			Serial	182
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	Author	Verheyen, E.; Joos, L.; Van Havenbergh, K.; Breynaert, E.; Kasian, N.; Gobechiya, E.; Houthoofd, K.; Martineau, C.; Hinterstein, M.; Taulelle, F.; Van Speybroeck, V.; Waroquier, M.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.; Martens, J.A.;
	Title	Design of zeolite by inverse sigma transformation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Nature materials	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Mater
	Volume	11	Issue	12	Pages	1059-1064
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Although the search for new zeolites has traditionally been based on trial and error, more rational methods are now available. The theoretical concept of inverse transformation of a zeolite framework to generate a new structure by removal of a layer of framework atoms and contraction has for the first time been achieved experimentally. The reactivity of framework germanium atoms in strong mineral acid was exploited to selectively remove germanium-containing four-ring units from an UTL type germanosilicate zeolite. Annealing of the leached framework through calcination led to the new all-silica COK-14 zeolite with intersecting 12- and 10-membered ring channel systems. An intermediate stage of this inverse transformation with dislodged germanate four-rings still residing in the pores could be demonstrated. Inverse transformation involving elimination of germanium-containing structural units opens perspectives for the synthesis of many more zeolites.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000311432600025	Publication Date	2012-10-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1476-1122;1476-4660;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	39.737	Times cited	140	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 39.737; 2012 IF: 35.749
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101783			Serial	661
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	Author	Grzelczak, M.; Sánchez-Iglesias, A.; Heidari Mezerji, H.; Bals, S.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.
	Title	Steric hindrance induces crosslike self-assembly of gold nanodumbbells			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Nano letters	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett
	Volume	12	Issue	8	Pages	4380-4384
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In the formation of colloidal molecules, directional interactions are crucial for controlling the spatial distribution of the building blocks. Anisotropic nanoparticles facilitate directional clustering via steric constraints imposed by each specific shape, thereby restricting assembly along certain directions. We show in this Letter that the combination of patchiness (attraction) and shape (steric hindrance) allows assembling gold nanodumbbell building blocks into crosslike dimers with well-controlled interparticle distance and relative orientation. Steric hindrance between interacting dumbbell-like particles opens up a new synthetic approach toward low-symmetry plasmonic clusters, which may significantly contribute to understand complex plasmonic phenomena.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington	Editor
	Language		Wos	000307211000081	Publication Date	2012-07-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1530-6984;1530-6992;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.712	Times cited	85	Open Access
	Notes	Nanodirect 213948-2; 262348 Esmi			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.712; 2012 IF: 13.025
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101900			Serial	3161
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	Author	Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Rijnders, G.; Huijben, M.; Leca, V.; Blank, D.H.A.
	Title	Transmission electron microscopy on interface engineered superconducting thin films			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2003	Publication	IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity	Abbreviated Journal	Ieee T Appl Supercon
	Volume	13	Issue	2:3	Pages	2834-2837
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Transmission electron microscopy is used to evaluate different deposition techniques, which optimize the microstructure and physical properties of superconducting thin films. High-resolution electron microscopy proves that the use of an YBa2Cu2Ox buffer layer can avoid a variable interface configuration in YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films grown on SrTiO3. The growth can also be controlled at an atomic level by, using sub-unit cell layer epitaxy, which results in films with high quality and few structural defects. Epitaxial strain in Sr0.85La0.15CuO2 infinite layer thin films influences the critical temperature of these films, as well as the microstructure. Compressive stress is released by a modulated or a twinned microstructure, which eliminates superconductivity. On the other hand, also tensile strain seems to lower the critical temperature of the infinite layer.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000184242400101	Publication Date	2003-07-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes	Iuap V-1; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:103292			Serial	3712
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	Author	Quintana, M.; Grzelczak, M.; Spyrou, K.; Kooi, B.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Rudolf, P.; Prato, M.
	Title	Production of large graphene sheets by exfoliation of graphite under high power ultrasound in the presence of tiopronin			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Chemical communications	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Commun
	Volume	48	Issue	100	Pages	12159-12161
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Under ultrasonication, the production of high quality graphene layers by exfoliation of graphite was achieved via addition of tiopronin as an antioxidant.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000311411100003	Publication Date	2012-10-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1359-7345;1364-548X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.319	Times cited	39	Open Access
	Notes	This work was financially supported by the University of Trieste, INSTM, Italian Ministry of Education MIUR (cofin Prot. 20085M27SS) and by the "Graphene-based electronics'' research program of the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM). Part of this work was supported by funding from the ERC grant No 246791COUNTATOMS. MQ acknowledges the financial support from CONACyT CB-2011-01-166914 and FAI-UASLP.			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.319; 2012 IF: 6.378
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:105230			Serial	2724
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	Author	Filippov, S.K.; Sedlacek, O.; Bogomolova, A.; Vetrik, M.; Jirak, D.; Kovar, J.; Kucka, J.; Bals, S.; Turner, S.; Stepanek, P.; Hruby, M.;
	Title	Glycogen as a biodegradable construction nanomaterial for in vivo use			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Macromolecular bioscience	Abbreviated Journal	Macromol Biosci
	Volume	12	Issue	12	Pages	1731-1738
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	It is demonstrated that glycogen as a biodegradable and inexpensive material coming from renewable resources can be used as a carrier for the construction of in vivo imaging nanoagents. The model system considered is composed of glycogen modified with gadolinium and fluorescent labels. Systematic studies of properties of these nanocarriers by a variety of physical methods and results of in vivo tests of biodegradability are reported. This represents, to the authors' best knowledge, the first such use of glycogen.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000312242600016	Publication Date	2012-11-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1616-5187;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.238	Times cited	22	Open Access
	Notes	262348 ESMI; FWO; Hercules			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.238; 2012 IF: 3.742
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:105286			Serial	1354
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	Author	Sánchez-Iglesias, A.; Grzelczak, M.; Altantzis, T.; Goris, B.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Donaldson, S.H.; Chmelka, B.F.; Israelachvili, J.N.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.;
	Title	Hydrophobic interactions modulate self-assembly of nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	6	Issue	12	Pages	11059-11065
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Hydrophobic interactions constitute one of the most important types of nonspecific interactions in biological systems, which emerge when water molecules rearrange as two hydrophobic species come close to each other. The prediction of hydrophobic interactions at the level of nanoparticles (Brownian objects) remains challenging because of uncontrolled diffusive motion of the particles. We describe here a general methodology for solvent-induced, reversible self-assembly of gold nanoparticles into 3D clusters with well-controlled sizes. A theoretical description of the process confirmed that hydrophobic interactions are the main driving force behind nanoparticle aggregation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000312563600070	Publication Date	2012-11-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	311	Open Access
	Notes	267867 Plasma Quo; 246791 Countatoms; 262348 Esmi			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2012 IF: 12.062
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:105292			Serial	1538
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	Author	Van Aert, S.; de Backer, A.; Martinez, G.T.; Goris, B.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Rosenauer, A.
	Title	Procedure to count atoms with trustworthy single-atom sensitivity			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev B
	Volume	87	Issue	6	Pages	064107-6
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We report a method to reliably count the number of atoms from high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy images. A model-based analysis of the experimental images is used to measure scattering cross sections at the atomic level. The high sensitivity of these measurements in combination with a thorough statistical analysis enables us to count atoms with single-atom sensitivity. The validity of the results is confirmed by means of detailed image simulations. We will show that the method can be applied to nanocrystals of arbitrary shape, size, and atom type without the need for a priori knowledge about the atomic structure.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000315144700006	Publication Date	2013-02-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1098-0121;1550-235X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.836	Times cited	106	Open Access
	Notes	FWO; 262348 ESMI; 312483 ESTEEM2;246791 COUNTATOMS; Hercules 3; esteem2_jra2			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.836; 2013 IF: 3.664
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:105674			Serial	2718
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	Author	Verheyen, E.; Jo, C.; Kurttepeli, M.; Vanbutsele, G.; Gobechiya, E.; Korányi, T.I.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ryoo, R.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.; Martens, J.A.;
	Title	Molecular shape-selectivity of MFI zeolite nanosheets in n-decane isomerization and hydrocracking			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Journal of catalysis	Abbreviated Journal	J Catal
	Volume	300	Issue		Pages	70-80
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	MFI zeolite nanosheets with thickness of 2 and 8 nm were synthesized, transformed into bifunctional catalysts by loading with platinum and tested in n-decane isomerization and hydrocracking. Detailed analysis of skeletal isomers and hydrocracked products revealed that the MFI nanosheets display transition-state shape-selectivity similar to bulk MFI zeolite crystals. The suppressed formation of bulky skeletal isomers and C5 cracking products are observed both in the nanosheets and the bulk crystals grown in three dimensions. This is typical for restricted transition-state shape-selectivity, characteristic for the MFI type pores. It is a first clear example of transition-state shape-selectivity inside a zeolitic nanosheet. Owing to the short diffusion path across the sheets, expression of diffusion-based discrimination of reaction products in the MFI nanosheets was limited. The 2-methylnonane formation among monobranched C10 isomers and 2,7-dimethyloctane among dibranched C10 isomers, which in MFI zeolite are favored by product diffusion, was much less favored on the nanosheets compared to the reference bulk ZSM-5 material.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	San Diego, Calif.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000317558000009	Publication Date	2013-02-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-9517;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.844	Times cited	121	Open Access
	Notes	Methusalem; IAP; Countatoms			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.844; 2013 IF: 6.073
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:106186			Serial	2181
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	Author	Ke, X.; Bittencourt, C.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Low-dose patterning of platinum nanoclusters on carbon nanotubes by focused-electron-beam-induced deposition as studied by TEM			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Beilstein journal of nanotechnology	Abbreviated Journal	Beilstein J Nanotech
	Volume	4	Issue		Pages	77-86
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Focused-electron-beam-induced deposition (FEBID) is used as a direct-write approach to decorate ultrasmall Pt nanoclusters on carbon nanotubes at selected sites in a straightforward maskless manner. The as-deposited nanostructures are studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in 2D and 3D, demonstrating that the Pt nanoclusters are well-dispersed, covering the selected areas of the CNT surface completely. The ability of FEBID to graft nanoclusters on multiple sides, through an electron-transparent target within one step, is unique as a physical deposition method. Using high-resolution TEM we have shown that the CNT structure can be well preserved thanks to the low dose used in FEBID. By tuning the electron-beam parameters, the density and distribution of the nanoclusters can be controlled. The purity of as-deposited nanoclusters can be improved by low-energy electron irradiation at room temperature.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000314499700001	Publication Date	2013-02-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2190-4286;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.127	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	262348 ESMI; 246791 COUNTATOMS; FWO G002410N; ESF Cost Action NanoTP MP0901			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.127; 2013 IF: 2.332
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:106187			Serial	1848
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	Author	Schouteden, K.; Zeng, Y.-J.; Lauwaet, K.; Romero, C.P.; Goris, B.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Lievens, P.; Van Haesendonck, C.
	Title	Band structure quantization in nanometer sized ZnO clusters			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	5	Issue	9	Pages	3757-3763
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Nanometer sized ZnO clusters are produced in the gas phase and subsequently deposited on clean Au(111) surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The zinc blende atomic structure of the approximately spherical ZnO clusters is resolved by high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. The large band gap and weak n-type conductivity of individual clusters are determined by scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures. The conduction band is found to exhibit clear quantization into discrete energy levels, which can be related to finite-size effects reflecting the zero-dimensional confinement. Our findings illustrate that gas phase cluster production may provide unique possibilities for the controlled fabrication of high purity quantum dots and heterostructures that can be size selected prior to deposition on the desired substrate under controlled ultra-high vacuum conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000317859400026	Publication Date	2013-03-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364;2040-3372;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes	FWO; Hercules; COUNTATOMS			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367; 2013 IF: 6.739
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108518			Serial	219
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	Author	Leroux, F.; Bladt, E.; Timmermans, J.-P.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bals, S.
	Title	Annular dark-field transmission electron microscopy for low contrast materials			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	19	Issue	3	Pages	629-634
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Imaging soft matter by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is anything but straightforward. Recently, interest has grown in developing alternative imaging modes that generate contrast without additional staining. Here, we present a dark-field TEM technique based on the use of an annular objective aperture. Our experiments demonstrate an increase in both contrast and signal-to-noise ratio in comparison to conventional bright-field TEM. The proposed technique is easy to implement and offers an alternative imaging mode to investigate soft matter.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000319126300014	Publication Date	2013-04-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	262348 Esmi; Fwo G002410n G018008			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2013 IF: 2.161
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108712			Serial	133
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	Author	Sree, S.P.; Dendooven, J.; Masschaele, K.; Hamed, H.M.; Deng, S.; Bals, S.; Detavernier, C.; Martens, J.A.
	Title	Synthesis of uniformly dispersed anatase nanoparticles inside mesoporous silica thin films via controlled breakup and crystallization of amorphous TiO₂ deposited using atomic layer deposition			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	5	Issue	11	Pages	5001-5008
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Amorphous titanium dioxide was introduced into the pores of mesoporous silica thin films with 75% porosity and 12 nm average pore diameter via Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) using alternating pulses of tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium and water. Calcination provoked fragmentation of the deposited amorphous TiO2 phase and its crystallization into anatase nanoparticles inside the nanoporous film. The narrow particle size distribution of 4 ± 2 nm and the uniform dispersion of the particles over the mesoporous silica support were uniquely revealed using electron tomography. These anatase nanoparticle bearing films showed photocatalytic activity in methylene blue degradation. This new synthesis procedure of the anatase nanophase in mesoporous silica films using ALD is a convenient fabrication method of photocatalytic coatings amenable to application on very small as well as very large surfaces
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000319008700056	Publication Date	2013-04-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364;2040-3372;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	22	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap-Pai; Erc			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367; 2013 IF: 6.739
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108774			Serial	3460
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