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	Author	Monticelli, O.; Musina, Z.; Russo, S.; Bals, S.
	Title	On the use of TEM in the characterization of nanocomposites			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	Materials letters	Abbreviated Journal	Mater Lett
	Volume	61	Issue	16	Pages	3446-3450
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Both an organically modified commercial clay of montmorillonite type (MMT) and its nanocomposites, based either on polyamide 6 (PA6) or an epoxy resin, as matrix polymer, have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Sample micrographs, taken at increasing exposure times (t(e)), have shown the gradual disappearance of clay layers, because of an amorphisation of the MMT crystalline structures caused by prolonged sample exposure to electron beam. Indeed, the above phenomenon, which is mostly evident in the case of intercalated nanocomposites, makes the detection of the layered silicate dispersion in the polymer matrix rather difficult and compels to perform TEM measurements using very short exposure times. Moreover, the microscopy accelerating voltage has turned out to affect sample stability; namely, when decreasing the above parameter, the disappearance of clay structure occurs at lower exposure times. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000247146100034	Publication Date	2006-12-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0167-577X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.572	Times cited	28	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.572; 2007 IF: 1.625
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:64757			Serial	2460
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	Author	Barhoum, A.; Van Assche, G.; Rahier, H.; Fleisch, M.; Bals, S.; Delplancked, M.-P.; Leroux, F.; Bahnemann, D.
	Title	Sol-gel hot injection synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles into a porous silica matrix and reaction mechanism			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Materials & design	Abbreviated Journal	Mater Design
	Volume	119	Issue	119	Pages	270-276
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Despite the enormous interest in the properties and applications of porous silica matrix, only a few attempts have been reported to deposit metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) inside the porous silica matrix. We report a simple approach (i.e. sol-gel hot injection) for insitu synthesis of ZnO NPs inside a porous silica matrix. Control of the Zn:Si molar ratio, reaction temperature, pH value, and annealing temperature permits formation of ZnO NPs (<= 10 nm) inside a porous silica particles, without additives or organic solvents. Results revealed that a solid state reaction inside the ZnO/SiO2 nanocomposites occurs with increasing the annealing temperature. The reaction of ZnO NPs with SiO2 matrix was insignificant up to approximately 500 degrees C. However, ZnO NPs react strongly with the silica matrix when the nanocomposites are annealed at temperatures above 700 degrees C. Extensive annealing of the ZnO/SiO2 nanocomposite at 900 degrees C yields 3D structures made of 500 nm rod-like, 5-7 pm tube-like and 35 pm needle-like Zn2SiO4 crystals. A possible mechanism for forming ZnO NPs inside porous silica matrix and phase transformation of the ZnO/SiO2 nanocomposites into 3D architectures of Zn2SiO4 are carefully discussed. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000397360000030	Publication Date	2017-01-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0264-1275	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.364	Times cited	43	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; A.B. would like to thank FWO – Research Foundation Flanders (grant no. V450315N) and the Strategic Initiative Materials in Flanders (SBO-project no. 130529 – INSITU) for financial support. TEM and TEM-EDX analyses were performed by Dr. F. Leroux (EMAT, Universiteit Antwerpen). XRD and DSC measurements were performed by T. Segato (4MAT, Universite Libre de Bruxelles). Notes: the authors declare no competing for financial interest. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.364
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:142394UA @ admin @ c:irua:142394			Serial	4689
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	Author	Verheyen, E.; Jo, C.; Kurttepeli, M.; Vanbutsele, G.; Gobechiya, E.; Korányi, T.I.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ryoo, R.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.; Martens, J.A.;
	Title	Molecular shape-selectivity of MFI zeolite nanosheets in n-decane isomerization and hydrocracking			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Journal of catalysis	Abbreviated Journal	J Catal
	Volume	300	Issue		Pages	70-80
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	MFI zeolite nanosheets with thickness of 2 and 8 nm were synthesized, transformed into bifunctional catalysts by loading with platinum and tested in n-decane isomerization and hydrocracking. Detailed analysis of skeletal isomers and hydrocracked products revealed that the MFI nanosheets display transition-state shape-selectivity similar to bulk MFI zeolite crystals. The suppressed formation of bulky skeletal isomers and C5 cracking products are observed both in the nanosheets and the bulk crystals grown in three dimensions. This is typical for restricted transition-state shape-selectivity, characteristic for the MFI type pores. It is a first clear example of transition-state shape-selectivity inside a zeolitic nanosheet. Owing to the short diffusion path across the sheets, expression of diffusion-based discrimination of reaction products in the MFI nanosheets was limited. The 2-methylnonane formation among monobranched C10 isomers and 2,7-dimethyloctane among dibranched C10 isomers, which in MFI zeolite are favored by product diffusion, was much less favored on the nanosheets compared to the reference bulk ZSM-5 material.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	San Diego, Calif.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000317558000009	Publication Date	2013-02-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0021-9517;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.844	Times cited	121	Open Access
	Notes	Methusalem; IAP; Countatoms			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.844; 2013 IF: 6.073
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:106186			Serial	2181
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	Author	Mooij, L.; Perkisas, T.; Palsson, G.; Schreuders, H.; Wolff, M.; Hjorvarsson, B.; Bals, S.; Dam, B.
	Title	The effect of microstructure on the hydrogenation of Mg/Fe thin film multilayers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	International journal of hydrogen energy	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Hydrogen Energ
	Volume	39	Issue	30	Pages	17092-17103
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Nanoconfined magnesium hydride can be simultaneously protected and thermodynamically destabilized when interfaced with materials such as Ti and Fe. We study the hydrogenation of thin layers of Mg (<14 nm) nanoconfined in one dimension within thin film Fe/Mg/Fe/Pd multilayers by the optical technique Hydrogenography. The hydrogenation of nanosized magnesium layers in Fe/Mg/Fe multilayers surprisingly shows the presence of multiple plateau pressures, whose nature is thickness dependent. In contrast, hydrogen desorption occurs via a single plateau which does not depend on the Mg layer thickness. From structural and morphological analyses with X-ray diffraction/reflectometry and cross-section TEM, we find that the Mg layer roughness is large when deposited on Fe and furthermore contains high-angle grain boundaries (GB's). When grown on Ti, the Mg layer roughness is low and no high-angle GB's are detected. From a Ti/Mg/Fe multilayer, in which the Mg layer is flat and has little or no GB's, we conclude that MgH2 is indeed destabilized by the interface with Fe. In this case, both the ab- and desorption plateau pressures are increased by a factor two compared to the hydrogenation of Mg within Ti/Mg/Ti multilayers. We hypothesize that the GB's in the Fe/Mg/Fe multilayer act as diffusion pathways for Pd, which is known to greatly alter the hydrogenation behavior of Mg when the two materials share an interface. Copyright (C) 2014, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000343839000031	Publication Date	2014-09-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0360-3199;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.582	Times cited	15	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	COST Action MP1103			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.582; 2014 IF: 3.313
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:121175			Serial	3575
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	Author	Pasquini, L.; Sacchi, M.; Brighi, M.; Boelsma, C.; Bals, S.; Perkisas, T.; Dam, B.
	Title	Hydride destabilization in core-shell nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	International journal of hydrogen energy	Abbreviated Journal	Int J Hydrogen Energ
	Volume	39	Issue	5	Pages	2115-2123
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We present a model that describes the effect of elastic constraint on the thermodynamics of hydrogen absorption and desorption in biphasic core-shell nanoparticles, where the core is a hydride forming metal. In particular, the change of the hydride formation enthalpy and of the equilibrium pressure for the metal/hydride transformation are described as a function of nanoparticles radius, shell thickness, and elastic properties of both core and shell. To test the model, the hydrogen sorption isotherms of Mg-MgO core-shell nanoparticles, synthesized by inert gas condensation, were measured by means of optical hydrogenography. The model's predictions are in good agreement with the experimentally determined plateau pressure of hydrogen absorption. The features that a core-shell systems should exhibit in view of practical hydrogen storage applications are discussed with reference to the model and the experimental results. Copyright (C) 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000331344800022	Publication Date	2014-01-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0360-3199;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.582	Times cited	32	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	COST Action MP1103			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.582; 2014 IF: 3.313
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115785			Serial	1528
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	Author	Adam, N.; Leroux, F.; Knapen, D.; Bals, S.; Blust, R.
	Title	The uptake of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles in the water-flea Daphnia magna under acute exposure scenarios			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Environmental pollution	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Pollut
	Volume	194	Issue		Pages	130-137
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Veterinary physiology and biochemistry
	Abstract	In this study the uptake of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles by Daphnia magna was tested. Daphnids were exposed during 48 h to acute concentrations of the nanoparticles and corresponding metal salts. The Daphnia zinc and copper concentration was measured and the nanoparticles were localized using electron microscopy. The aggregation and dissolution in the medium was characterized. A fast dissolution of ZnO in the medium was observed, while most CuO formed large aggregates and only a small fraction dissolved. The Daphnia zinc concentration was comparable for the nanoparticles and salts. Contrarily, a much higher Daphnia copper concentration was observed in the CuO exposure, compared to the copper salt. CuO nanoparticles adsorbed onto the carapace and occurred in the gut but did not internalize in the tissues. The combined dissolution and uptake results indicate that the toxicity of both nanoparticle types was caused by metal ions dissolved from the particles in the medium.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000342530800016	Publication Date	2014-08-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0269-7491;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.099	Times cited	45	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; We would like to thank Valentine Mubiana and Steven Joosen (Sphere, UA) for performing the ICP-OES and ICP-MS measurements and Prof. Dr. Gustaaf Van Tendeloo for making the collaboration between the EMAT and Sphere group possible. Additional thanks go to the European Commission for funding this work through the project ENNSATOX (NMP4-SL-2009-229244). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.099; 2014 IF: 4.143
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:118326			Serial	3823
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	Author	Ustarroz, J.; Gupta, U.; Hubin, A.; Bals, S.; Terryn, H.
	Title	Electrodeposition of Ag nanoparticles onto carbon coated TEM grids : a direct approach to study early stages of nucleation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Electrochemistry communications	Abbreviated Journal	Electrochem Commun
	Volume	12	Issue	12	Pages	1706-1709
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	An innovative experimental approach to study the electrodeposition of small nanoparticles and the early stages of electrochemical nucleation and growth is presented. Carbon coated gold TEM grids are used as substrates for the electrodeposition of silver nanoparticles so that electrochemical data, FESEM, HAADFSTEM and HRTEM data can be acquired from the same sample without the need to remove the particles from the substrate. It is shown that the real distribution of nanoparticles cannot be resolved by FESEM whereas HAADFSTEM analysis confirms that a distribution of small nanoparticles (d ≈ 12 nm) coexist with large nanoparticles corresponding to a bimodal size distribution. Besides, particles grown under the same conditions have been found to present different structures such as monocrystals, polycrystals or aggregates of smaller particles.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000285904700010	Publication Date	2010-10-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1388-2481;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.396	Times cited	52	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.396; 2010 IF: 4.287
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87612			Serial	900
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	Author	Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	High resolution electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Current opinion in solid state and materials science	Abbreviated Journal	Curr Opin Solid St M
	Volume	17	Issue	3	Pages	107-114
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Reaching atomic resolution in 3D has been the ultimate goal in the field of electron tomography for many years. Significant progress, both on the theoretical as well as the experimental side has recently resulted in several exciting examples demonstrating the ability to visualise atoms in 3D. In this paper, we will review the different steps that have pushed the resolution in 3D to the atomic level. A broad range of methodologies and practical examples together with their impact on materials science will be discussed. Finally, we will provide an outlook and will describe future challenges in the field of high resolution electron tomography.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000323869800003	Publication Date	2013-03-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1359-0286;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.938	Times cited	24	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; 312483 Esteem; Countatoms;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.938; 2013 IF: 7.167
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109454			Serial	1457
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	Author	Smeulders, G.; van Oers, C.; Van Havenbergh, K.; Houthoofd, K.; Mertens, M.; Martens, J.A.; Bals, S.; Maes, B.U.W.; Meynen, V.; Cool, P.
	Title	Smart heating profiles for the synthesis of benzene bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
	Volume	175	Issue		Pages	585-591
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Organic synthesis (ORSY)
	Abstract	In this study the effects of the heating rate and heating time on the formation of crystal-like benzene bridged periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) are investigated. The time needed to heat up an autoclave during the hydrothermal treatment has shown to be crucial in the synthesis of PMOs, while the total duration of heating gave rise to only minor differences. By choosing a smart heating profile, superior PMO materials can be obtained in a short time. Different heating profiles in a range from one minute to one hour are adopted by microwave equipment and compared with conventional heating methods. The heating rate has a large influence on the porosity characteristics and the uniformity of the obtained particles. Moreover, two new alternative synthetic strategies to adopt the smart heating profile are presented, in order to give some possible solutions for the expensive microwave equipment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lausanne	Editor
	Language		Wos	000297875900069	Publication Date	2011-10-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1385-8947;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Goa-Bof			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216; 2011 IF: 3.461
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93630			Serial	3044
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	Author	Martens, J.A.; Thybaut, J.W.; Denayer, J.F.M.; Sree, S.P.; Aerts, A.; Reyniers, M.-F.; van Speybroeck, V.; Waroquier, M.; Buekenhoudt, A.; Vankelecom, I.; Buijs, W.; Persoons, J.; Baron, G.V.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Marin, G.B.; Jacobs, P.A.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.
	Title	Catalytic and molecular separation properties of Zeogrids and Zeotiles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Catalysis today	Abbreviated Journal	Catal Today
	Volume	168	Issue	1	Pages	17-27
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Zeogrids and Zeotiles are hierarchical materials built from assembled MFI zeolite precursor units. Permanent secondary porosity in these materials is obtained through self assembly of nanoparticles encountered in MFI zeolite synthesis in the presence of supramolecular templates. Hereon, the aggregated species are termed nanoslabs. Zeogrids are layered materials with lateral spacings between nanoslabs creating galleries qualifying as supermicropores. Zeotiles present a diversity of tridimensional nanoslab assemblies with mesopores. Zeotile-1, -4 and -6 are hexagonal mesostructures. Zeotile-1 has triangular and hexagonal channels; Zeotile-4 has hexagonal channels interconnected via slits. Zeotile-2 has a cubic structure with gyroid type mesoporosity. The behavior of Zeogrids and Zeotiles in adsorption, membrane and chromatographic separation and catalysis has been characterized and compared with zeolites and mesoporous materials derived from unstructured silica sources. Shape selectivity was detected via adsorption of n- and iso-alkanes. The mesoporosity of Zeotiles can be exploited in chromatographic separation of biomolecules. Zeotiles present attractive separation properties relevant to CO2 sequestration. Because of its facile synthesis procedure without hydrothermal steps Zeogrid is convenient for membrane synthesis. The performance of Zeogrid membrane in gas separation, nanofiltration and pervaporation is reported. In the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime Zeogrids and Zeotiles display a catalytic activity characteristic of silicalite-1 zeolites. Introduction of acidity and redox catalytic activity can be achieved via incorporation of Al and Ti atoms in the nanoslabs during synthesis. Zeogrids are active in hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, alkylation and epoxidation reactions. Zeogrids and Zeotiles often behave differently from ordered mesoporous materials as well as from zeolites and present a valuable extension of the family of hierarchical silicate based materials.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000291033300003	Publication Date	2011-03-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0920-5861;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.636	Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap Sbo			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.636; 2011 IF: 3.407
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88647			Serial	290
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	Author	He, Z.; Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Direct evidence for the existence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with hexagonal cross-sections			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Carbon	Abbreviated Journal	Carbon
	Volume	50	Issue	7	Pages	2524-2529
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a polygonal cross-section have been paid increasing attention since their three-dimensional structure is related to specific physical properties, which are found to be different in comparison to CNTs with a circular cross-section. Here, we report the existence of novel multi-walled CNTs yielding walls with a rounded-hexagonal configuration. This structure was directly confirmed for the first time by both cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography. The morphology of the Fe catalytic particle also exhibits hexagonal characteristics, and is proposed as the origin of the formation of the rounded-hexagonal walls of the CNT. This observation is of great importance with respect to the design of polygonal (such as pentagonal or hexagonal) cross-sectional CNTs. By controlling the morphology of the catalytic nanoparticles it will be possible to grow CNTs with desired electronic and mechanical properties.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000303038400015	Publication Date	2012-02-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0008-6223;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.337	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.337; 2012 IF: 5.868
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:96956			Serial	711
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	Author	Beyers, E.; Biermans, E.; Ribbens, S.; de Witte, K.; Mertens, M.; Meynen, V.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Vansant, E.F.; Cool, P.
	Title	Combined TiO₂/SiO₂ mesoporous photocatalysts with location and phase controllable TiO₂ nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Applied catalysis : B : environmental	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal B-Environ
	Volume	88	Issue	3/4	Pages	515-524
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
	Abstract	Combined TiO2/SiO2 mesoporous materials were prepared by deposition of TiO2 nanoparticles synthesised via the acid-catalysed solgel method. In the first synthesis step a titania solution is prepared, by dissolving titaniumtetraisopropoxide in nitric acid. The influences of the initial titaniumtetraisopropoxide concentration and the temperature of dissolving on the final structural properties were investigated. In the second step of the synthesis, the titania nanoparticles were deposited on a silica support. Here, the influence of the temperature during deposition was studied. The depositions were carried out on two different mesoporous silica supports, SBA-15 and MCF, leading to substantial differences in the catalytic and structural properties. The samples were analysed with N2-sorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to obtain structural information, determining the amount of titania, the crystal phase and the location of the titania particles on the mesoporous material (inside or outside the mesoporous channels). The structural differences of the support strongly determine the location of the nanoparticles and the subsequent photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of rhodamine 6G in aqueous solution under UV irradiation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000266513400032	Publication Date	2008-10-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0926-3373;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.446	Times cited	69	Open Access
	Notes	Goa-Bof; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.446; 2009 IF: 5.252
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:77150			Serial	403
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	Author	Turner, S.; Tavernier, S.M.F.; Huyberechts, G.; Bals, S.; Batenburg, K.J.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Assisted spray pyrolysis production and characterisation of ZnO nanoparticles with narrow size distribution			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Journal of nanoparticle research	Abbreviated Journal	J Nanopart Res
	Volume	12	Issue	2	Pages	615-622
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Nano-sized ZnO particles with a narrow size distribution and high crystallinity were prepared from aqueous solutions with high concentrations of Zn2+ containing salts and citric acid in a conventional spray pyrolysis setup. Structure, morphology and size of the produced material were compared to ZnO material produced by simple spray pyrolysis of zinc nitrates in the same experimental setup. Using transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography it has been shown that citric acid-assisted spray pyrolysed material is made up of micron sized secondary particles comprising a shell of lightly agglomerated, monocrystalline primary ZnO nanoparticles with sizes in the 2030 nm range, separable by a simple ultrasonic treatment step.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	S.l.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000275318700025	Publication Date	2009-04-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1388-0764;1572-896X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.02	Times cited	27	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.02; 2010 IF: 3.253
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:81771			Serial	156
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	Author	Van Hoorebeke, L.; Leroux, O.; Leroux, F.; Mastroberti, A.A.; Santos-Silva, F.; Van Loo, D.; Bagniewska-Zadworna, A.; Bals, S.; Popper, Z.A.; de Araujo Mariath, J.E.
	Title	Heterogeneity of silica and glycan-epitope distribution in epidermal idioblast cell walls in Adiantum raddianum laminae			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Planta	Abbreviated Journal	Planta
	Volume	237	Issue	6	Pages	1453-1464
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Laminae of Adiantum raddianum Presl., a fern belonging to the family Pteridaceae, are characterised by the presence of epidermal fibre-like cells under the vascular bundles. These cells were thought to contain silica bodies, but their thickened walls leave no space for intracellular silica suggesting it may actually be deposited within their walls. Using advanced electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis we showed the presence of silica in the cell walls of the fibre-like idioblasts. However, it was specifically localised to the outer layers of the periclinal wall facing the leaf surface, with the thick secondary wall being devoid of silica. Immunocytochemical experiments were performed to ascertain the respective localisation of silica deposition and glycan polymers. Epitopes characteristic for pectic homogalacturonan and the hemicelluloses xyloglucan and mannan were detected in most epidermal walls, including the silica-rich cell wall layers. The monoclonal antibody, LM6, raised against pectic arabinan, labelled the silica-rich primary wall of the epidermal fibre-like cells and the guard cell walls, which were also shown to contain silica. We hypothesise that the silicified outer wall layers of the epidermal fibre-like cells support the lamina during cell expansion prior to secondary wall formation. This implies that silicification does not impede cell elongation. Although our results suggest that pectic arabinan may be implicated in silica deposition, further detailed analyses are needed to confirm this. The combinatorial approach presented here, which allows correlative screening and in situ localisation of silicon and cell wall polysaccharide distribution, shows great potential for future studies.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000319474200004	Publication Date	2013-02-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0032-0935;1432-2048;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.361	Times cited	16	Open Access
	Notes	We are grateful to the Laboratorio de Anatomia Vegetal of Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and the Centro de Microscopia Eletronica (CME) of UFRGS. Thanks to Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) for the undergraduate degree grant provided (PIBIC) for the fourth author and research grant and support for the last one. The third author is grateful to Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior (CAPES) for providing financial support (PRODOC). We acknowledge Christiane de Queiroz Lopes and Moema Queiroz (CME) for the technical assistance. We are indebted to Paul Knox (Centre for Plant Sciences, University of Leeds, UK) for kindly providing the monoclonal antibodies used in this study. The Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO) is acknowledged for the doctoral grant to D. Van Loo (G.0100.08).			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.361; 2013 IF: 3.376
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109641			Serial	1419
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	Author	Van Aert, S.; Bals, S.; Chang, L.Y.; den Dekker, A.J.; Kirkland, A.I.; Van Dyck, D.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	The benefits of statistical parameter estimation theory for quantitative interpretation of electron microscopy data			Type	H1 Book chapter
	Year	2008	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	97-98
	Keywords	H1 Book chapter; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2009-03-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-540-85154-7	Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:136865			Serial	4493
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	Author	Rehor, I.; Slegerova, J.; Kucka, J.; Proks, V.; Petrakova, V.; Adam, M.P.; Treussart, F.; Turner, S.; Bals, S.; Sacha, P.; Ledvina, M.; Wen, A.M.; Steinmetz, N.F.; Cigler, P.;
	Title	Fluorescent nanodiamonds embedded in biocompatible translucent shells			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Small	Abbreviated Journal	Small
	Volume	10	Issue	6	Pages	1106-1115
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	High pressure high temperature (HPHT) nanodiamonds (NDs) represent extremely promising materials for construction of fluorescent nanoprobes and nanosensors. However, some properties of bare NDs limit their direct use in these applications: they precipitate in biological solutions, only a limited set of bio-orthogonal conjugation techniques is available and the accessible material is greatly polydisperse in shape. In this work, we encapsulate bright 30-nm fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) in 1020-nm thick translucent (i.e., not altering FND fluorescence) silica shells, yielding monodisperse near-spherical particles of mean diameter 66 nm. High yield modification of the shells with PEG chains stabilizes the particles in ionic solutions, making them applicable in biological environments. We further modify the opposite ends of PEG chains with fluorescent dyes or vectoring peptide using click chemistry. High conversion of this bio-orthogonal coupling yielded circa 2000 dye or peptide molecules on a single FND. We demonstrate the superior properties of these particles by in vitro interaction with human prostate cancer cells: while bare nanodiamonds strongly aggregate in the buffer and adsorb onto the cell membrane, the shell encapsulated NDs do not adsorb nonspecifically and they penetrate inside the cells.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000333538000012	Publication Date	2014-02-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1613-6810;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.643	Times cited	79	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	262348 ESMI; Hercules; FWO			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.643; 2014 IF: 8.368
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115566			Serial	1234
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	Author	Goris, B.; van Huis, M.A.; Bals, S.; Zandbergen, H.W.; Manna, L.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Thermally induced structural and morphological changes of CdSe/CdS octapods			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Small	Abbreviated Journal	Small
	Volume	8	Issue	6	Pages	937-942
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Branched nanostructures are of great interest because of their promising optical and electronic properties. For successful and reliable integration in applications such as photovoltaic devices, the thermal stability of the nanostructures is of major importance. Here the different domains (CdSe cores, CdS pods) of the heterogeneous octapods are shown to have different thermal stabilities, and heating is shown to induce specific shape changes. The octapods are heated from room temperature to 700 °C, and investigated using (analytical and tomographic) transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At low annealing temperatures, pure Cd segregates in droplets at the outside of the octapods, indicating non-stochiometric composition of the octapods. Furthermore, the tips of the pods lose their faceting and become rounded. Further heating to temperatures just below the sublimation temperature induces growth of the zinc blende core at the expense of the wurtzite pods. At higher temperatures, (500700 °C), sublimation of the octapods is observed in real time in the TEM. Three-dimensional tomographic reconstructions reveal that the four pods pointing into the vacuum have a lower thermal stability than the four pods that are in contact with the support.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000301718800021	Publication Date	2012-01-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1613-6810;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.643	Times cited	20	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.643; 2012 IF: 7.823
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:95040			Serial	3633
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	Author	Li, Y.; Tan, H.; Yang, X.-Y.; Goris, B.; Verbeeck, J.; Bals, S.; Colson, P.; Cloots, R.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Su, B.-L.
	Title	Well shaped Mn₃O₄ nano-octahedra with anomalous magnetic behavior and enhanced photodecomposition properties			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Small	Abbreviated Journal	Small
	Volume	7	Issue	4	Pages	475-483
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Very uniform and well shaped Mn3O4 nano-octahedra are synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method under the help of polyethylene glycol (PEG200) as a reductant and shape-directing agent. The nano-octahedra formation mechanism is monitored. The shape and crystal orientation of the nanoparticles is reconstructed by scanning electron microscopy and electron tomography, which reveals that the nano-octahedra only selectively expose {101} facets at the external surfaces. The magnetic testing demonstrates that the Mn3O4 nano-octahedra exhibit anomalous magnetic properties: the Mn3O4 nano-octahedra around 150 nm show a similar Curie temperature and blocking temperature to Mn3O4 nanoparticles with 10 nm size because of the vertical axis of [001] plane and the exposed {101} facets. With these Mn3O4 nano-octahedra as a catalyst, the photodecomposition of rhodamine B is evaluated and it is found that the photodecomposition activity of Mn3O4 nano-octahedra is much superior to that of commercial Mn3O4 powders. The anomalous magnetic properties and high superior photodecomposition activity of well shaped Mn3O4 nano-octahedra should be related to the special shape of the nanoparticles and the abundantly exposed {101} facets at the external surfaces. Therefore, the shape preference can largely broaden the application of the Mn3O4 nano-octahedra.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000288080400008	Publication Date	2011-01-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1613-6810;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.643	Times cited	131	Open Access
	Notes	This work was realized in the frame of an Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program (Inanomat-P6/17)-Belgian State-Belgian Science Policy and the project “Redugaz”, financially supported by the European community and the Wallon government in the frame of Interreg IV (France-Wallonie). B. L. S. acknowledges the Chinese Central Government for an “Expert of the State” position in the program of “Thousand talents” and the Chinese Ministry of Education for a Changjiang Scholar position at the Wuhan University of Technology. H. T. acknowledges the financial support from FWO-Vlaanderen (Project nr. G.0147.06). J.V. thanks the financial support from the European Union under Framework 6 program for Integrated Infrastructure Initiative, Reference 026019 ESTEEM.			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.643; 2011 IF: 8.349
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87908			Serial	3914
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	Author	Chen, Q.; Skorikov, A.; van der Hoeven, J.E.S.; van Blaaderen, A.; Albrecht, W.; Perez-Garza, H.H.; Bals, S.
	Title	Estimation of temperature homogeneity in MEMS-based heating nanochips via quantitative HAADF-STEM tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Particle and particle systems characterization	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	41	Issue	2	Pages	1-8
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Sample holders for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) based on micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) have recently become popular for investigating the behavior of nanomaterials under in situ or environmental conditions. The accuracy and reproducibility of these in situ holders are essential to ensure the reliability of experimental results. In addition, the uniformity of an applied temperature trigger across the MEMS chip is a crucial parameter. In this work, it is measured the temperature homogeneity of MEMS-based heating sample supports by locally analyzing the dynamics of heat-induced alloying of Au@Ag nanoparticles located in different regions of the support through quantitative fast high-angle annular dark-field scanning TEM tomography. These results demonstrate the superior temperature homogeneity of a microheater design based on a heating element shaped as a circular spiral with a width decreasing outwards compared to a double spiral-shaped designed microheater. The proposed approach to measure the local temperature homogeneity based on the thermal properties of bimetallic nanoparticles will support the future development of MEMS-based heating supports with improved thermal properties and in situ studies where high precision in the temperature at a certain position is required. This schematic delineates an approach to quantifying potential localized temperature deviation within a nanochip. Employing two comparable nanoparticles as thermal probes in discrete nanochip regions, the alloying kinetics of these nanoparticles are monitorable using in situ quantitative high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) tomography, thus enabling the precise estimation of local temperature deviations.image
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001060394600001	Publication Date	2023-09-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0934-0866	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	2.7	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	This project was funded from the European Commission and The Marie Sklodowska-Curie Innovative Training Network MUMMERING (Grant Agreement no. 765604)			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.7; 2023 IF: 4.474
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:199219			Serial	8863
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	Author	Liz-Marzan, L.; Bals, S.
	Title	Advanced particle characterization techniques			Type	Editorial
	Year	2016	Publication	Particle and particle systems characterization	Abbreviated Journal	Part Part Syst Char
	Volume	33	Issue	33	Pages	350-351
	Keywords	Editorial; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Wiley-v c h verlag gmbh	Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000379970000001	Publication Date	2016-07-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0934-0866	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	4.474	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.474
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:134957			Serial	4136
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	Author	Filippov, S.K.; Sedlacek, O.; Bogomolova, A.; Vetrik, M.; Jirak, D.; Kovar, J.; Kucka, J.; Bals, S.; Turner, S.; Stepanek, P.; Hruby, M.;
	Title	Glycogen as a biodegradable construction nanomaterial for in vivo use			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Macromolecular bioscience	Abbreviated Journal	Macromol Biosci
	Volume	12	Issue	12	Pages	1731-1738
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	It is demonstrated that glycogen as a biodegradable and inexpensive material coming from renewable resources can be used as a carrier for the construction of in vivo imaging nanoagents. The model system considered is composed of glycogen modified with gadolinium and fluorescent labels. Systematic studies of properties of these nanocarriers by a variety of physical methods and results of in vivo tests of biodegradability are reported. This represents, to the authors' best knowledge, the first such use of glycogen.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000312242600016	Publication Date	2012-11-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1616-5187;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.238	Times cited	22	Open Access
	Notes	262348 ESMI; FWO; Hercules			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.238; 2012 IF: 3.742
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:105286			Serial	1354
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Montoya, E.; Bals, S.; Rossell, M.D.; Schryvers, D.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Evaluation of top, angle, and side cleaned FIB samples for TEM analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	Microscopy research and technique	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Res Techniq
	Volume	70	Issue	12	Pages	1060-1071
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	ITEM specimens of a LaAlO3/SrTiO3 multilayer are prepared by FIB with internal lift out. Using a Ga+1 beam of 5 kV, a final cleaning step yielding top, top-angle, side, and bottom-angle cleaning is performed. Different cleaning procedures, which can be easily implemented in a dual beam FIB system, are described and compared; all cleaning types produce thin lamellae, useful for HRTEM and HAADF-STEM work up to atomic resolution. However, the top cleaned lamellae are strongly affected by the curtain effect. Top-angle cleaned specimens show an amorphous layer of around 5 nm at the specimen surfaces, due to damage and redeposition. Furthermore, it is observed that the LaAlO3 layers are preferentially destroyed and transformed into amorphous material, during the thinning process.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000251868200008	Publication Date	2007-08-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1059-910X;1097-0029;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.147	Times cited	36	Open Access
	Notes	Aip; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.147; 2007 IF: 1.644
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:67282			Serial	1090
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	Author	Avila-Brande, D.; Otero-Díaz, L.C.; Landa-Cánovas, A.R.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	A new Bi₄Mn_1/3W_2/3O₈Cl Sillén-Aurivillius intergrowth: synthesis and structural characterisation by quantitative transmission electron microscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	European journal of inorganic chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Eur J Inorg Chem
	Volume		Issue	9	Pages	1853-1858
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The synthesis and structural characterisation of a new phase with nominal composition Bi4Mn1/3W2/3O8Cl is presented. Conventional and analytical transmission electron microscopy are used to determine the composition, unit-cell symmetry and space group of the compound, whereas a structural model is deducted by exit-wave reconstruction in the transmission electron microscope. This technique allows the microscope information limit of 1.1 angstrom to be reached and the (light) oxygen atoms in the presence of heavier atoms (Bi, W, Mn) to be imaged. The average structure is refined from Xray powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method yielding an orthorhombic unit cell with lattice parameters a 5.467(4) angstrom, b = 5.466(7) angstrom and c = 14.159(3) angstrom and space group Cm2m, which could be described as a Sillen-Aurivillius intergrowth. ((c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000237617800016	Publication Date	2006-03-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1434-1948;1099-0682;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.444	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.444; 2006 IF: 2.704
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:59436			Serial	2335
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	Author	Anastasiou, I.; Van Velthoven, N.; Tomarelli, E.; Lombi, A.; Lanari, D.; Liu, P.; Bals, S.; De Vos, D.E.; Vaccaro, L.
	Title	C2-H arylation of indoles catalyzed by palladium-containing metal-organic-framework in γ-valerolactone			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Chemsuschem	Abbreviated Journal	Chemsuschem
	Volume	13	Issue	10	Pages
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	An efficient and selective procedure was developed for the direct C2-H arylation of indoles using a Pd-loaded metal-organic framework (MOF) as a heterogeneous catalyst and the nontoxic biomass-derived solvent gamma-valerolactone (GVL) as a reaction medium. The developed method allows for excellent yields and C-2 selectivity to be achieved and tolerates various substituents on the indole scaffold. The established conditions ensure the stability of the catalyst as well as recoverability, reusability, and low metal leaching into the solution.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000520285700001	Publication Date	2020-02-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1864-5631	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.4	Times cited	22	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; The research leading to these results has received funding from the NMBP-01-2016 Programme of the European Union's Horizon 2020 Framework Programme H2020/2014-2020/under grant agreement no [720996]. The Universit degli Studi di Perugia and MIUR are acknowledged for financial support to the project AMIS, through the program “Dipartimenti di Eccellenza -2018-2022”. The XAS experiments were performed on beamline BM26A at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble (France). We are grateful to D. Banerjee at the ESRF for providing assistance in using beamline BM26A. Niels Van Velthoven and Dirk E. De Vos also thank FWO for funding. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.4; 2020 IF: 7.226
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:167678			Serial	6465
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	Author	Smolders, S.; Willhammar, T.; Krajnc, A.; Şentosun, K.; Wharmby, M.T.; Lomachenko, K.A.; Bals, S.; Mali, G.; Roeffaers, M.B.J.; De Vos, D.E.; Bueken, B.
	Title	A titanium(IV)-based metal-organic framework featuring defect-rich Ti-O sheets as an oxidative desulfurization catalyst			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English	Abbreviated Journal	Angew Chem Int Edit
	Volume	58	Issue	58	Pages	9160-9165
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	While titanium-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely studied for their (photo) catalytic potential, only a few Ti-IV MOFs have been reported owing to the high reactivity of the employed titanium precursors. The synthesis of COK-47 is now presented, the first Ti carboxylate MOF based on sheets of (TiO6)-O-IV octahedra, which can be synthesized with a range of different linkers. COK-47 can be synthesized as an inherently defective nanoparticulate material, rendering it a highly efficient catalyst for the oxidation of thiophenes. Its structure was determined by continuous rotation electron diffraction and studied in depth by X-ray total scattering, EXAFS, and solid-state NMR. Furthermore, its photoactivity was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance and demonstrated by catalytic photodegradation of rhodamine 6G.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000476691200034	Publication Date	2019-05-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1433-7851; 0570-0833	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11.994	Times cited	97	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; S.S., B.B., and D.E.D.V. gratefully acknowledge the FWO for funding (Aspirant grant, postdoctoral grant, project funding). T.W. acknowledges a grant from the Swedish research council (VR, 2014-06948). He acknowledges financial support from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation through the project grant 3DEM-NATUR (no. 2012.0112) as well as for purchasing the TEMs. A.K. and G.M. acknowledge the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency (research core funding No. P1-0021 and project No. N1-0079). We thank beamline I15-1 (XPDF), Diamond Light Source, for collection of X-ray total scattering data as part of the in-house research program (M.T.W.). A. Venier and O. Mathon are kindly acknowledged for the help during the XAS experiment at BM23 beamline of ESRF. We thank C. Lamberti and L. Braglia for providing the reference EXAFS spectrum of anatase. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 11.994
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:161932			Serial	5382
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	Author	Abakumov, A.M.; Hadermann, J.; Bals, S.; Nikolaev, I.V.; Antipov, E.V.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Crystallographic shear structures as a route to anion-deficient perovskites			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English	Abbreviated Journal	Angew Chem Int Edit
	Volume	45	Issue	40	Pages	6697-6700
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000241474500022	Publication Date	2006-09-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1433-7851;1521-3773;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11.994	Times cited	62	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 11.994; 2006 IF: 10.232
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:61689			Serial	589
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	Author	Ben Dkhil, S.; Pfannmöller, M.; Saba, M.I.; Gaceur, M.; Heidari, H.; Videlot-Ackermann, C.; Margeat, O.; Guerrero, A.; Bisquert, J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Mattoni, A.; Bals, S.; Ackermann, J.
	Title	Toward high-temperature stability of PTB7-based bulk heterojunction solar cells : impact of fullerene size and solvent additive			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Laser physics review	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Energy Mater
	Volume	7	Issue	7	Pages	1601486
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The use of fullerene as acceptor limits the thermal stability of organic solar cells at high temperatures as their diffusion inside the donor leads to phase separation via Ostwald ripening. Here it is reported that fullerene diffusion is fully suppressed at temperatures up to 140 degrees C in bulk heterojunctions based on the benzodithiophene-based polymer (the poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b: 4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]], (PTB7) in combination with the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM). The blend stability is found independently of the presence of diiodooctane (DIO) used to optimize nanostructuration and in contrast to PTB7 blends using the smaller fullerene derivative PC70BM. The unprecedented thermal stability of PTB7: PC70BM layers is addressed to local minima in the mixing enthalpy of the blend forming stable phases that inhibit fullerene diffusion. Importantly, although the nanoscale morphology of DIO processed blends is thermally stable, corresponding devices show strong performance losses under thermal stress. Only by the use of a high temperature annealing step removing residual DIO from the device, remarkably stable high efficiency solar cells with performance losses less than 10% after a continuous annealing at 140 degrees C over 3 days are obtained. These results pave the way toward high temperature stable polymer solar cells using fullerene acceptors.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Place of publication unknown	Editor
	Language		Wos	000396328500009	Publication Date	2016-11-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1614-6832;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	16.721	Times cited	27	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge financial support by the French Fond Unique Interministeriel (FUI) under the project “SFUMATO” (grant number: F1110019V/ 201308815) as well as by the European Commission under the Project “SUNFLOWER” (FP7-ICT-2011-7, grant number: 287594). Generalitat Valenciana (ISIC/2012/008 Institute of Nanotechnologies for Clean Energies) is also acknowledged for providing financial support. The authors further acknowledge financial support via ERC Starting Grant Colouratoms (335078). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 16.721
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:141991UA @ admin @ c:irua:141991			Serial	4697
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	Author	Ben Dkhil, S.; Pfannmöller, M.; Bals, S.; Koganezawa, T.; Yoshimoto, N.; Hannani, D.; Gaceur, M.; Videlot-Ackermann, C.; Margeat, O.; Ackermann, J.
	Title	Square-centimeter-sized high-efficiency polymer solar cells : how the processing atmosphere and film quality influence performance at large scale			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Laser physics review	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Energy Mater
	Volume	6	Issue	6	Pages	1600290
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Organic solar cells based on two benzodithiophene-based polymers (PTB7 and PTB7-Th) processed at square centimeter-size under inert atmosphere and ambient air, respectively, are investigated. It is demonstrated that the performance of solar cells processed under inert atmosphere is not limited by the upscaling of photoactive layer and the interfacial layers. Thorough morphological and electrical characterizations of optimized layers and corresponding devices reveal that performance losses due to area enlargement are only caused by the sheet resistance of the transparent electrode reducing the effi ciency from 9.3% of 7.8% for PTB7-Th in the condition that both photoactive layer and the interfacial layers are of high layer quality. Air processing of photoactive layer and the interfacial layers into centimeter-sized solar cells lead to additional, but only slight, losses (< 10%) in all photovoltaic parameters, which can be addressed to changes in the electronic properties of both active layer and ZnO layers rather than changes in layer morphology. The demonstrated compatibility of polymer solar cells using solution-processed photoactive layer and interfacial layers with large area indicates that the introduction of a standard active area of 1 cm(2) for measuring effi ciency of organic record solar cells is feasible. However electric standards for indium tin oxides (ITO) or alternative transparent electrodes need to be developed so that performance of new photovoltaic materials can be compared at square centimeter-size.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Place of publication unknown	Editor
	Language		Wos	000379314700010	Publication Date	2016-05-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1614-6832	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	16.721	Times cited	6	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge financial support by the French Fond Unique Intermisteriel (FUI) under the project “SFUMATO” (Grant number: F1110019V/ 201308815) as well as by the European Commission under the Project “SUNFLOWER” (FP7-ICT-2011-7-contract no. 287594). Generalitat Valenciana (ISIC/2012/008 Institute of Nanotechnologies for Clean Energies) is also acknowledged for providing financial support. The synchrotron radiation experiments were performed at BL46XU and BL19B2 in SPring-8 with the approval of Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (Proposal Nos. 2014B1916 and 2015A1984). The authors further acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 16.721
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:134951			Serial	4249
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	Author	Leroux, F.; Gysemans, M.; Bals, S.; Batenburg, K.J.; Snauwaert, J.; Verbiest, T.; van Haesendonck, C.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Three-dimensional characterization of helical silver nanochains mediated by protein assemblies			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Advanced materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Mater
	Volume	22	Issue	19	Pages	2193-2197
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Characterization methods for the structural investigation of biotemplates for nanodevices remain widely unexplored, despite the fact that biotemplating methods for nanodevice fabrication are becoming more widespread. In this study several techniques are used to characterize the morphology and 3D distribution of silver nanoparticles deposited on insulin fibrils.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000278601400016	Publication Date	2010-03-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0935-9648;1521-4095;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	19.791	Times cited	51	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 19.791; 2010 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:83296			Serial	3645
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	Author	Figuerola, A.; Franchini, I.R.; Fiore, A.; Mastria, R.; Falqui, A.; Bertoni, G.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Kudera, S.; Cingolani, R.; Manna, L.
	Title	End-to-end assembly of shape-controlled nanocrystals via a nanowelding approach mediated by gold domains			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Advanced materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Mater
	Volume	21	Issue	5	Pages	550-554
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Welding nanocrystals for assembly: The welding of Au domains grown on the tips of shape-controlled cadmium chalcogenide colloidal nanocrystals is used as a strategy for their assembly. Iodine-induced coagulation of selectively grown Au domains leads to assemblies such as flowerlike structures based on bullet-shaped nanocrystals, linear and cross-linked chains of nanorods, and globular networks with tetrapods as building blocks.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000263371800005	Publication Date	2008-11-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0935-9648;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	19.791	Times cited	110	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 19.791; 2009 IF: 8.379
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:75960			Serial	1037
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