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	Author	Fredrickx, P.; de Ryck, I.; Janssens, K.; Schryvers, D.; Petit, J.-P.; Döcking, H.
	Title	EPMA and µ-SRXRF analysis and TEM-based microstructure characterization of a set of Roman glass fragments			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	33	Issue	5	Pages	326-333
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000223880800002	Publication Date	2004-04-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246;1097-4539;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2004 IF: 1.391
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:48786			Serial	1076
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vekemans, B.; Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; Adams, F.; van Espen, P.
	Title	Analysis of X-ray spectra by iterative least squares (AXIL): new developments			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1994	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	23	Issue		Pages	278-285
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1994QF68500008	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:8933			Serial	5471
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vekemans, B.; Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; Aerts, A.; Adams, F.; Hertogen, J.
	Title	Automated segmentation of μ-XRF image sets			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1997	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	26	Issue		Pages	333-346
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1997YG79300005	Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 1997 IF: 1.307
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:18319			Serial	5486
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Proost, K.; Vincze, L.; Janssens, K.; Gao, N.; Bulska, E.; Schreiner, M.; Falkenberg, G.
	Title	Characterization of a polycapillary lens for use in micro-XANES experiments			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2003	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	32	Issue	3	Pages	215-222
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000183630400007	Publication Date	2003-06-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	50	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2003 IF: 1.227
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:41804			Serial	5502
Permanent link to this record



	Author	van der Linden, V.; Schalm, O.; Houbraken, J.; Thomas, M.; Meesdom, E.; Devos, A.; van Dooren, R.; Nieuwdorp, H.; Janssen, E.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Chemical analysis of 16th to 19th century Limoges School painted enamel objects in three museums of the Low Countries			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	39	Issue	2	Pages	112-121
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In this study, the results of analysing of a series of 16th-19th century painted enamel objects of the Limoges School currently in collections in three Dutch and Flemish museums by means of portable and micro x-ray fluorescence analysis (PXRF and µ-XRF) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) are presented. The aim of the investigation was the authentication of specific pieces. Therefore, the glass compositions as well as the (glass) colouring agents used by the Limoges' artists were studied as a function of the age of the objects. Due to the evolution of these properties, it is possible to approximately date these objects based on their chemical composition. The complete émail peint collection of the Museum Boijmans-Van Beuningen (Rotterdam, The Netherlands), consisting of 20 émail peint plaques, was analysed with µ-XRF. Quantitative information was obtained by EPMA analysis of 15 enamel fragments of objects from museum and private collections in the Low Countries. PXRF analyses were performed on the painted enamel collection of the Antwerp Vleeshuis Museum (13 objects) and the Mayer van den Bergh Museum (4 objects) and on a set of 18 plaques that were donated to the Boijmans-Van Beuningen Museum by a private collector. The results obtained by means of EPMA, µ-XRF and PXRF proved to be useful in the discrimination of 16th century painted enamel objects from those of the19th century. From a total of 70 objects examined, 2 objects (OM964A and OM993) featured a chemical signature that deviated from the published literature composition and pigment use consistent with its presumed period of manufacture.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000275959400007	Publication Date	2009-08-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2010 IF: 1.661
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:82325			Serial	5509
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bichlmeier, S.; Janssens, K.; Heckel, J.; Hoffmann, P.; Ortner, H.M.
	Title	Comparative material characterization of historical and industrial samples by using a compact micro-XRF spectrometer			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2002	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	31	Issue	1	Pages	87-91
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000173653400016	Publication Date	2002-10-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2002 IF: 1.574
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:36670			Serial	5529
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bichlmeier, S.; Janssens, K.; Heckel, J.; Gibson, D.; Hoffmann, P.; Ortner, H.M.
	Title	Component selection for a compact micro-XRF spectrometer			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2001	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	30	Issue		Pages	8-14
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000166923700003	Publication Date	2002-08-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	33	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2001 IF: 1.414
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:36126			Serial	5534
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Storms, H.M.; Janssens, K.H.; Török, S.B.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	Evaluation of the ArmstrongBuseck correction for automated electron probe X-ray microanalysis of particles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1989	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	18	Issue	2	Pages	45-52
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The ArmstrongBuseck correction for absorption effects in electron probe x-ray microanalysis of particles considers seven specific particle shapes, and for these geometries exact correction equations are used. This procedure implies that the analyst has to associate the particle to be analysed with a certain particle type; an arbitrary relative thickness is sometimes assumed. A theoretical study was made of this absorption correction as a function of the particle composition, type and thickness for micrometre-sized particles. It appears that a correct choice of the particle type is critical. However, when the analytical results are normalized to 100%, the differences between the models are much less pronounced, and it is justified to assume a spherical model in all cases.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1989U261400001	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116489			Serial	5616
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Somogyi, A.; Drakopoulos, M.; Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Camerani, C.; Janssens, K.; Snigirev, A.; Adams, F.
	Title	ID18F: a new micro-X-ray fluorescence end-station at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF): preliminary results			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2001	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	30	Issue		Pages	242-252
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000170089700006	Publication Date	2002-09-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	76	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2001 IF: 1.414
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:34062			Serial	5647
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bugani, S.; Camaiti, M.; Morselli, L.; Van de Casteele, E.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Investigation on porosity changes of Lecce stone due to conservation treatments by means of x-ray nano- and improved micro-computed tomography: preliminary results			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	36	Issue	5	Pages	316-320
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Vision lab; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000249961800005	Publication Date	2007-07-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	28	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2007 IF: 1.117
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:66602			Serial	5676
Permanent link to this record



	Author	van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Schalm, O.; Aibéo, C.; Kloust, H.; Alfeld, M.
	Title	James Ensor's pigment use: artistic and material evolution studied by means of portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	39	Issue	2	Pages	103-111
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In this paper, portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (PXRF) was employed as a screening tool for determining and comparing the pigment use in a large series of paintings by the Belgian artist James Ensor (1860-1949). Benefits and drawbacks of PXRF as a method, and the instrument employed, are discussed from a practical, conservation and instrumental perspective. Regardless of several restrictions due to the set-up and/or the analytical method, it appeared feasible to document the evolution with time in Ensor's use of inorganic pigments and to correlate this technical evolution with stylistic developments, Nevertheless, it became clear that a full identification of all materials present can only be done by means of the analysis of (cross-sectioned) samples.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000275959400006	Publication Date	2009-12-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The staff of the different museums and private institutions is acknowledged for rendering their assistance to this research, i.e. by making all paintings available for analysis and authorising the publication of the images in this article. Therefore, a word of gratitude to Paul Huvenne, Yolande Deckers, Herwig Todts, Stef Antonissen, Gwen Borms and Lizet Klaassen of the Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten Antwerpen (KMSKA), Luuk Van der Loeff of the Kroller-Muller Museum in Otterlo and Mireille Engel, Barbara De Jong of the Musea aan Zee (MuZee), Patricia Jaspers of the Dexia bank, Hildegard Van de Velde of the KBC bank and Frederik Leen of the Koninklijke Musea voor Schone Kunsten van Belgie (KMSKB). Special thanks to Xavier Tricot and the other members of the Ensor committee for their valuable feedback. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2010 IF: 1.661
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:82324			Serial	5680
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; van Espen, P.; Adams, F.
	Title	Monte Carlo simulation of conventional and synchrotron energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1993	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	22	Issue		Pages	234-243
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1993LQ04200011	Publication Date	2005-05-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:6117			Serial	5736
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Romano, F.P.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Preface to the special issue on: MA-XRF “developments and applications of macro-XRF in conservation, art, and archeology” (Trieste, Italy, 24 and 25 September 2017)			Type	Editorial
	Year	2019	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	48	Issue	4	Pages	249-250
	Keywords	Editorial; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000472210700001	Publication Date	2019-05-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:161295			Serial	5786
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Rindby, A.; Janssens, K.; Osán, J.
	Title	Reconstruction of the three-dimensional distribution of elements in fly-ash particles by micro-XRF spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2003	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	32	Issue	3	Pages	248-257
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000183630400011	Publication Date	2003-06-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	8	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2003 IF: 1.227
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:41805			Serial	5807
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vanmeert, F.; Mudronja, D.; Fazinic, S.; Janssens, K.; Tibljas, D.
	Title	Semi-quantitative analysis of the formation of a calcium oxalate protective layer for monumental limestone using combined micro-XRF and micro-XRPD			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	42	Issue	4	Pages	256-261
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A current method for the protection of cretaceous limestone present in various monuments consists of performing a passivating treatment with ammonium oxalate (AmOx). A calcium oxalate protective layer is formed on the surface and enhances the acid resistance of the stone. The in-depth formation of the calcium oxalate layer was investigated on cross sections by using combined micro X-ray fluorescence and micro X-ray powder diffraction (mu XRF/mu XRPD). XRPD showed the presence of both whewellite and weddellite in the calcite stone matrix. A correction was made for sample misalignment, which was visible in both the fluorescence and the diffraction line measurements. A semi-quantitative analysis was performed on the basis of Klug's equation for a two-phase mixture (the presence of weddellite was neglected) without the need for a known reference sample. By assuming two extreme compositions for a reference weight fraction (1 and 99wt%), it was possible to obtain whewellite concentration profiles, which can be used for comparing the effectiveness of different methods for the application of AmOx to the stone surface and the effect of treatment time and AmOx concentration used. It is shown that for the relative amounts of whewellite formed, the differences due to the assumed weight fractions are smaller than the errors due to sample heterogeneity and preferred orientation. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000320727900015	Publication Date	2013-05-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors would like to thank De Nolf W. for his valuable feedback on the analysis of the X-ray diffraction data. We acknowledge SOLEIL for provision of SR facilities (proposal ID 20100979), and we would like to thank Dr. C. Mocuta for his assistance at the DIFFABS beamline. This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA 'XANES meets ELNES' (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. The EU Community's FP7 Research Infrastructures program for the CHARISMA Project (grant agreement 228330) and, within framework in particular, the access possibilities to the SOLEIL and IPANEMA facilities are also acknowledged. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2013 IF: 1.187
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:109579			Serial	5827
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Padilla, R.; van Espen, P.; Abrahantes, A.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Semiempirical approach for standardless calibration in µ-XRF spectrometry using capillary lenses			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	34	Issue	1	Pages	19-27
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000226260800004	Publication Date	2004-09-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	23	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2005 IF: 1.372
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:52230			Serial	5828
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Janssens, K.; Vittiglio, G.; Deraedt, I.; Aerts, A.; Vekemans, B.; Vincze, L.; Wei, F.; de Ryck, I.; Schalm, O.; Adams, F.; Rindby, A.; Knöchel, A.; Simionovici, A.S.; Snigirev, A.
	Title	Use of microscopic XRF for non-destructive analysis in art an archaeometry			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2000	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	29	Issue		Pages	73-91
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000085107800010	Publication Date	2002-08-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298; 2000 IF: 1.478
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:27561			Serial	5897
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Cagno, S.; van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Caen, J.; Patin, M.; Meulebroeck, W.; Dirkx, Y.; Hillen, M.; Steenackers, G.; Rousaki, A.; Vandenabeele, P.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Comparison of four mobile, non‐invasive diagnostic techniques for differentiating glass types in historical leaded windows : MA‐XRF , UV–Vis–NIR, Raman spectroscopy and IRT			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	X-Ray Spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume		Issue		Pages	xrs.3185-17
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
	Abstract	This paper critically compares the performance of four non-invasive techniques that match the accuracy, flexibility, time-efficiency, and transportability required for in situ characterization of leaded glass windows: macroscopic X-ray fluorescence imaging (MA-XRF), UV-Vis-NIR, Raman spectroscopy, and infrared thermography (IRT). In order to compare the techniques on equal grounds, all techniques were tested independently of each other by separate research groups on the same historical leaded window tentatively dated to the 17th century, without prior knowledge. The aim was to assess the ability of these techniques to document the conservation history of the window by classifying and grouping the colorless glass panes, based on differences in composition. IRT, MA-XRF and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy positively distinguished at least two glass groups, with MA-XRF providing the most detailed chemical information. In particular, based on the ratio between the network modifier (K) and network stabilizer (Ca) and on the level of colorants and decolorizers (Fe, Mn, As), the number of plausible glass families could be strongly reduced. In addition, UV-Vis-NIR detected cobalt at ppm level and gave more specific information on the chromophore Fe2+/Fe(3+)ratio. Raman spectroscopy was hampered by fluorescence caused by the metal ions of the decolorizer in most of the panes, but nevertheless identified one group as HLLA.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000561869600001	Publication Date	2020-08-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.2	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, Grant/Award Number: BR/175/A3/FENESTRA; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Grant/Award Number: 12X1919N; Baillet-Latour Fund ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.2; 2020 IF: 1.298
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:170972			Serial	6473
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	Author	Janssens, K.
	Title	EXRS2022 : the 2022 edition of the European X-ray Spectrometry conference, held in Bruges, Belgium			Type	Editorial
	Year	2023	Publication	X-ray spectrometry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	52	Issue	6	Pages	276-278
	Keywords	Editorial; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001043528400001	Publication Date	2023-08-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	1.2	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.2; 2023 IF: 1.298
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:198217			Serial	8865
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	Author	Amato, S.R.; Burnstock, A.; Cross, M.; Janssens, K.; Rosi, F.; Cartechini, L.; Fontana, R.; Dal Fovo, A.; Paolantoni, M.; Grazia, C.; Romani, A.; Michelin, A.; Andraud, C.; Tournie, A.; Dik, J.
	Title	Interpreting technical evidence from spectral imaging of paintings by Edouard Manet in the Courtauld Gallery			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	X-ray spectrometry T2 – MA-XRF Workshop on Developments and Applications of Macro-XRF in, Conservation, Art, and Archeology, SEP 24-25, 2017, Trieste, ITALY	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	48	Issue	4	Pages	282-292
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The paintings by edouard Manet in The Courtauld Gallery Dejeuner sur l'herbe (1863-68), Marguerite de Conflans en Toilette de Bal (1870-1880), Banks of the Seine at Argenteuil (1874), and A Bar at the Folies-Bergere (1882) were investigated for the first time using a range of non-invasive in situ analyses. The aims of the study were to investigate the painting techniques and materials used for this group of works and to critically evaluate the technical evidence derived from the integrated use of imaging techniques and portable spectroscopic methods in this context. The paintings were investigated by means of macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF), reflection spectral imaging, portable UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, portable Raman spectroscopy, and reflection FTIR. MA-XRF and reflection spectral imaging allowed visualising elements in the compositions that were not visible using traditional methods of technical study. For example, MA-XRF analysis of Dejeuner sur l'herbe revealed elements of the development of the composition that provided new evidence to consider its relationship to other versions of the composition. The study also highlighted questions about the interpretation of elemental distribution maps and spectral images that did not correspond to the reworking visible in X-radiographs. For example, in A Bar at the Folies-Bergere Manet made numerous changes during painting, which were not clearly visualised with any of the techniques used. The research has wider implications for the study of Impressionist paintings, as the results will support technical studies of works by other artists of the period who used similar materials and painting methods.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000472210700005	Publication Date	2018-01-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; Financial support by the Access to Research Infrastructures activity in the Horizon 2020 Programme of the EU (IPERION CH Grant agreement 654028) is gratefully acknowledged. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:161296			Serial	5670
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	Author	Cabal, A.; Legrand, S.; Van den Bril, B.; Tote, K.; Janssens, K.; van Espen, P.
	Title	Study of the uniformity of aerosol filters by scanning MA-XRF			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	X-ray spectrometry T2 – 17th European Conference on X-Ray Spectrometry (EXRS), JUN 19-24, 2016, Univ Gothenburg, Univ Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SWEDEN	Abbreviated Journal	X-Ray Spectrom
	Volume	46	Issue	5	Pages	461-466
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is an attractive analytical method to determine the level of air pollution by heavy metals. The concentration of the filter in ng/cm(2) is obtained by direct comparison of the net characteristic line intensity of an element with that of a thin film standard. As the sampled area on the filter and the area of the standard are larger than the area analysed by the instrument, the distribution of the elements on the surface of both samples and standards have to be sufficiently uniform. If this is not the case, biased concentration estimates are obtained. Two scanning macro-XRF setups with a beam diameter of similar to 0.5 mm were used to investigate the distribution of elements in (1) commercially available (Micromatter) standards, (2) in-house quartz filter standards obtained with an aerosol generator and (3) particulatematter (PM10) collected on quartz filters by a Leckel SEQ 47/50 sampler. The uniformity of the Micromatter standards was better than 2%. At least some in-house standards showed a concave distribution with less material at the edges. The maximum bias introduced by this is less than 5%. Because of the limited sensitivity of scanning XRF compared with conventional XRF, the distribution of only a few common elements like Ca and Fe could be determined reliably in aerosol filters. The distribution of some heavy elements could only be measured in filters sampled in polluted regions. In general, the loading of particulate matter over the filters was uniform. Copyright (C) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000409246400026	Publication Date	2017-03-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0049-8246	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.298	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.298
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:145644			Serial	5852
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	Author	Janssens, K.; van Espen, P.
	Title	A general-purpose interface between fortran and the low-level functions of the ibm-pc			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1988	Publication	Trends in analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7	Issue	4	Pages	128-130
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Chemometrics (Mitac 3)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1988M999800003	Publication Date	2002-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0165-9936	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:149778			Serial	5450
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	Author	Bertrand, L.; Schoeeder, S.; Anglos, D.; Breese, M.B.H.; Janssens, K.; Moini, M.; Simon, A.
	Title	Mitigation strategies for radiation damage in the analysis of ancient materials			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Trends in analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Trac-Trend Anal Chem
	Volume	66	Issue		Pages	128-145
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The study of materials in cultural heritage artifacts and micro-samples benefits from diagnostic techniques based on intense radiation sources, such as synchrotrons, ion-beam accelerators and lasers. While most of the corresponding techniques are classified as non-destructive, investigation with photons or charged particles entails a number of fundamental processes that may induce changes in materials. These changes depend on irradiation parameters, properties of materials and environmental factors. In some cases, radiation-induced damage may be detected by visual inspection. When it is not, irradiation may still lead to atomic and molecular changes resulting in immediate or delayed alteration and bias of future analyses. Here we review the effects of radiation reported on a variety of cultural heritage materials and describe the usual practice for assessing short-term and long-term effects. This review aims to raise awareness and encourage subsequent research activities to limit radiation side effects.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000352248200020	Publication Date	2014-12-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0165-9936	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.442	Times cited	35	Open Access
	Notes	; We wish to acknowledge the support of this initiative by the International Atomic Energy Agency. We gratefully thank Professor Manfred Schreiner of the Institute of Natural Sciences and Technology in the Arts (Akademie den bildenden Kunst, Vienna, Austria) for helpful discussions and insights on this work. We thank all colleagues who accepted to have their work reproduced in this review. IPANEMA at Synchrotron SOLEIL, the Hungarian Academy of Science and IESL-FORTH were supported within the Research Infrastructure program CHARISMA of the 7th Framework Programme of the EU (Grant Agreement no. 228330). MM's contribution is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant numbers CHE 1241672 and CHE 1440849. We thank Chris McGlinchey and Lauren Klein (Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA) for their critical rereading of the manuscript. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.442; 2015 IF: 6.472
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:124627			Serial	5729
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	Author	Janssens, K.; de Nolf, W.; van der Snickt, G.; Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Terzano, R.; Brenker, F.E.
	Title	Recent trends in quantitative aspects of microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Trends in analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Trac-Trend Anal Chem
	Volume	29	Issue	6	Pages	464-478
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000279235000014	Publication Date	2010-03-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0165-9936	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.442	Times cited	48	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects nr. G.0704.08 and G.0179.09 and from the UA-BOF GOA programme. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.442; 2010 IF: 6.602
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:83903			Serial	5806
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	Author	Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Legrand, S.; Nuyts, G.; Alfeld, M.; Monico, L.; Anaf, W.; de Nolf, W.; Vermeulen, M.; Verbeeck, J.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Non-invasive and non-destructive examination of artistic pigments, paints, and paintings by means of X-Ray methods			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Topics in Current Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Topics Curr Chem
	Volume	374	Issue	374	Pages	81
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Recent studies are concisely reviewed, in which X-ray beams of (sub)micrometre to millimetre dimensions have been used for non-destructive analysis and characterization of pigments, minute paint samples, and/or entire paintings from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century painters. The overview presented encompasses the use of laboratory and synchrotron radiation-based instrumentation and deals with the use of several variants of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as a method of elemental analysis and imaging, as well as with the combined use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Microscopic XRF is a variant of the method that is well suited to visualize the elemental distribution of key elements, mostly metals, present in paint multi-layers, on the length scale from 1 to 100 μm inside micro-samples taken from paintings. In the context of the characterization of artists pigments subjected to natural degradation, the use of methods limited to elemental analysis or imaging usually is not sufficient to elucidate the chemical transformations that have taken place. However, at synchrotron facilities, combinations of μ-XRF with related methods such as μ-XAS and μ-XRD have proven themselves to be very suitable for such studies. Their use is often combined with microscopic Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and/or Raman microscopy since these methods deliver complementary information of high molecular specificity at more or less the same length scale as the X-ray microprobe techniques. Since microscopic investigation of a relatively limited number of minute paint samples, taken from a given work of art, may not yield representative information about the entire artefact, several methods for macroscopic, non-invasive imaging have recently been developed. Those based on XRF scanning and full-field hyperspectral imaging appear very promising; some recent published results are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer international publishing ag	Place of Publication	Cham	Editor
	Language		Wos	000391178900006	Publication Date	2016-11-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2365-0869;2364-8961;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.033	Times cited	50	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.033
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:139930UA @ admin @ c:irua:139930			Serial	4443
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	Author	Lind, O.C.; Salbu, B.; Janssens, K.; Proost, K.; Garcia-León, M.; Garcia-Tenorio, R.
	Title	Characterization of U/Pu particles originating from the nuclear weapon accidents at Palomares, Spain, 1966 and Thule, Greenland, 1968			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	The science of the total environment	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Total Environ
	Volume	376	Issue		Pages	294-305
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000245776400026	Publication Date	2007-03-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0048-9697	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.9	Times cited	44	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.9; 2007 IF: 2.182
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:64601			Serial	5506
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	Author	Rojas, C.M.; Figueroa, L.; Janssens, K.H.; Van Espen, P.E.; Adams, F.C.; Van Grieken, R.E.
	Title	The elemental composition of airborne particulate matter in the Atacama desert, Chile			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1990	Publication	The science of the total environment	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	91	Issue		Pages	251-267
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Air particulate samples were collected at Chapiquiña near Arica (Chile) with a six-stage cascade impactor for about 17-day periods during a 31 month interval. Sixteen elements were determined by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis, and the elemental concentrations were subjected to principal factor analysis. The variability with time of the coarse particles was described by two factors both related to soil dispersion, whereas the fine particle variations could be explained by a third factor related to marine influence. Enrichment factors were compared with those obtained in other remote continental areas, in particular those of air particulate matter sampled at Chacaltaya, Bolivia. Results point to a negligible anthropogenic influence.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1990CM36100019	Publication Date	2003-09-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0048-9697	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:116652			Serial	5602
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	Author	Anaf, W.; Bencs, L.; Van Grieken, R.; Janssens, K.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Indoor particulate matter in four Belgian heritage sites : case studies on the deposition of dark-colored and hygroscopic particles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	The science of the total environment	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Total Environ
	Volume	506	Issue		Pages	361-368
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Atmospheric total suspended particulate (TSP) was passively sampled by means of deployed horizontal and vertical filters in various rooms of four Belgian cultural heritage buildings, installed with various heating/ventilation systems. Soiling/blackening and deposition of inorganic, water-soluble aerosol components were considered. The extent of soiling was determined by means of two independent methods: (1) in terms of the covering rate of the samplers by optical reflection microscopy and (2) the reduction in lightness of the samplers using the CIE Lab* color space by spectrophotometry. A fairly good correlation was found between both methods. The inorganic composition of the deposited water-soluble TSP was quantified by means of ion chromatography. Compared to controlled environments, uncontrolled environments showed increased water-soluble aerosol content of the total deposited mass. Higher chloride deposition was observed on horizontal surfaces, compared to vertical surfaces.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000347576800039	Publication Date	2014-11-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0048-9697	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.9	Times cited	12	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.9; 2015 IF: 4.099
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:120640			Serial	5662
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	Author	Van Hommes, M.E.; Lambour, R.; Du Mortier, B.M.; De Winkel, M.; Tauber, G.; Alfeld, M.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J.
	Title	The hidden youth of Dirck Jacobsz leeuw : a portrait by Govert Flinck revealed			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	The Rijksmuseum bulletin	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	64	Issue	1	Pages	4-61
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1877-8127	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:133250			Serial	5873
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	Author	Vincze, L.; Janssens, K.; Adams, F.; Engström, P.; Rindby, A.
	Title	Interpretation of cappilary generated spatial and angular distribution of X-rays: theoretical modeling and experimental verification using the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Optical Beamline			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1998	Publication	The review of scientific instruments	Abbreviated Journal	Rev Sci Instrum
	Volume	69	Issue	10	Pages	3494-3503
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000076430000005	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0034-6748	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.515	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.515; 1998 IF: 1.177
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:22764			Serial	5669
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