NANOlab Center of Excellence literature database -- Query Results

	NANOlab Center of Excellence literature database Home \| Show All \| Simple Search \| Advanced Search	Login Quick Search: Field: contains: ...
	61–90 of 218 records found matching your query (RSS \| history):

Select All Deselect All

<< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 >>

List View

Citations

Details

	Records
	Author	Rather, J.A.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Fullerene-C₆₀ sensor for ultra-high sensitive detection of bisphenol-A and its treatment by green technology			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Sensors and actuators : B : chemical	Abbreviated Journal	Sensor Actuat B-Chem
	Volume	176	Issue		Pages	110-117
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Endocrine disruptors (EDCs) are environmental pollutants that, once incorporated into an organism, affect the hormonal balance of humans and various species. Its presence in environment is of great importance in water quality related questions. The proposed method describes the development of an accurate, sensitive and selective sensor for the detection of bisphenol-A (BPA) and its treatment by green technology. A fullerene (C60) fabricated electrochemical sensor was developed for the ultrasensitive detection of BPA. The homemade sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronocoulometry. The influence of measuring parameters such as pH and C60 loading on the analytical performance of the sensor was evaluated. Various kinetic parameters such as electron transfer number (n); charge transfer coefficient (α); electrode surface area (A) and diffusion coefficient (D) were also calculated. Under the optimal conditions, the oxidation peak current was linear over the concentration range of 74 nM to 0.23 μM with the detection limit (LOD) of 3.7 nM. The fabricated sensor was successfully applied to the determination of BPA in wastewater samples and it has promising analytical applications for the direct determination of BPA at trace level.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000319867500017	Publication Date	2012-09-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0925-4005	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.401	Times cited	79	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors are highly thankful for the mobility grant (Non-Europe Postdoc Fellowship) for one of the author (Jahangir Ahmad Rather) supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy (Belspo) co-funded by the Marie Curie Actions from the European Commission. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.401; 2013 IF: 3.840
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:101055			Serial	5630
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Wuyts, K.; Hofman, J.; van Wittenberghe, S.; Nuyts, G.; De Wael, K.; Samson, R.
	Title	A new opportunity for biomagnetic monitoring of particulate pollution in an urban environment using tree branches			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Atmospheric environment : an international journal	Abbreviated Journal	Atmos Environ
	Volume	190	Issue	190	Pages	177-187
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Environmental magnetism, and the magnetic leaf signal in particular, is amply investigated and applied as proxy for atmospheric particulate matter pollution. In this study, we investigated the magnetic signal of annual segments of tree branches, and the composition of particles deposited hereon. Branches are, contrary to leaves of deciduous trees, available during leaf-off seasons and exposed to air pollution year-round. We examined the intra- and inter-tree variation in saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) of branch internodes of London plane (Platanus x aeerifolia Willd.) trees in an urban environment. The branch SIRM, normalized by surface area, ranged from 18 to 650 x 10(-6) angstrom; the median amounted to 106 x 10(-6) angstrom. Most of the branch magnetic signal was attributed to the epidermis or bark, and the presence of metal-containing particles on the branch surfaces was confirmed by SEM-EDX. The location of the trees and the height, the depth in the crown and the age of the branches significantly influenced the branch SIRM. The median branch SIRM was up to 135% higher near a busy ring road than in quiet environments (city park and quiet street canyon), and was linked to the presence of Fe-rich particles with co-occurrence of trace metals such as Cr, Cu, Zn and Mn on the branch surface. Within the tree crowns, the branch SIRM generally decreased with increasing height, and was 22% higher in the interior than at the periphery of the crowns. Within the branches, the SIRM increased with each year of exposure, but did not relate to year-to-year variation in particle concentrations due to branch surface changes (epidermis shedding). Our results provide indications that branches can be a valuable alternative for biomagnetic monitoring of particulate pollution, but intra-tree variability in branch SIRM can be substantial due to the branch's location in the tree and branch age.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000444659400017	Publication Date	2018-07-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1352-2310	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.629	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	; We would like to thank the city council services of the city of Antwerp for their logistical support. We are grateful to Ana Castanheiro and Leen Van Ham for laboratory and SEM assistance. JH is supported as postdoctoral fellow of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO; 12I4816N) and SVW is supported by a Marie Sklodowska-Curie Individual Fellowship under the grant agreement no 701815 FLUOPHOT. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.629
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:153607			Serial	5454
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Trashin, S.; Rahemi, V.; Ramji, K.; Neven, L.; Gorun, S.M.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Singlet oxygen-based electrosensing by molecular photosensitizers			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Nature communications	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Commun
	Volume	8	Issue		Pages	16108
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors are an inspiration for the development of (bio)analytical techniques. However, the instability and reproducibility of the reactivity of enzymes, combined with the need for chemical reagents for sensing remain challenges for the construction of useful devices. Here we present a sensing strategy inspired by the advantages of enzymes and photoelectrochemical sensing, namely the integration of aerobic photocatalysis and electrochemical analysis. The photosensitizer, a bioinspired perfluorinated Zn phthalocyanine, generates singlet-oxygen from air under visible light illumination and oxidizes analytes, yielding electrochemically-detectable products while resisting the oxidizing species it produces. Compared with enzymatic detection methods, the proposed strategy uses air instead of internally added reactive reagents, features intrinsic baseline correction via on/off light switching and shows C-F bonds-type enhanced stability. It also affords selectivity imparted by the catalytic process and nano-level detection, such as 20 nM amoxicillin in μl sample volumes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000405466200002	Publication Date	2017-07-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2041-1723	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.124	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes	; Evonik is thanked for providing samples of silicon and titanium oxides. Support from the National Science Foundation (SMG) for a portion of this work is gratefully acknowledged. FWO and UAntwerpen (BOF) are acknowledged for financial support. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.124
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:144538			Serial	5833
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Beltran, V.; Marchetti, A.; De Meyer, S.; Nuyts, G.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Geranium lake pigments : the role of the synthesis on the structure and composition			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Dyes And Pigments	Abbreviated Journal	Dyes Pigments
	Volume	189	Issue		Pages	109260
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Eosin Y has an extraordinary capacity to form complexes with metallic elements, that have applications in many different fields, from photovoltaics and photocatalysis to historical artists? pigments. To unravel the complexes reactivity, it is essential to have a precise knowledge of their structure and composition, as well as how these can be affected by the synthesis protocol, an often underestimated factor. This manuscript presents a thorough investigation of the structure and composition of eosin Y complexes based on Al and Pb, by FTIR, XRPD and Raman spectroscopy, with a particular focus on the effect of the synthesis conditions. Results clearly show the change of the coordination mode in Pb complexes depending on the protocol, while the structure of Al complexes remains stable. In both cases, the formation of by-products was observed. Additionally, a detailed band assignment of the FTIR and Raman spectra of eosin Y and Pb and Al complexes is described, providing interesting details such as the interaction between the metallic ion and the xanthene moiety (chromophore). This is extremely important for the analysis of historical paintings where eosin Y is bonded to metallic ions, as well as for other materials in dye-sensitized solar cells, wastewater treatment or photocatalysis.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000634733200001	Publication Date	2021-03-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0143-7208	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.473	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.473
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:177676			Serial	8002
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Muhammad, S.; Wuyts, K.; Nuyts, G.; De Wael, K.; Samson, R.
	Title	Characterization of epicuticular wax structures on leaves of urban plant species and its association with leaf wettability			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Urban Forestry & Urban Greening	Abbreviated Journal	Urban For Urban Gree
	Volume	47	Issue	47	Pages	126557
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Epicuticular wax (EW) protects the plant’s integrity and acts as a barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses. The micro-structured three-dimensional EW’s and presence of leaf trichomes influence the wettability of a leaf surface. In this study, leaves of 96 perennial urban plant species were examined to determine an association between epicuticular wax structure (EWS) types and leaf wettability and investigate their seasonal variation. The EWS types were identified using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), while leaf wettability was analyzed by measuring the drop contact angle (DCA) on both the abaxial and the adaxial sides of leaves collected from a common garden in June and September 2016. Four distinct EWS types namely thin film, platelets, crusts, and tubules were observed on leaves of investigated plant species in both June and September. The EWS types varied significantly between functional plant types and plant families in both June and September. In June, the abaxial DCA ranged from 56° to 147°, and the adaxial DCA ranged from 56° to 136°. In September, the abaxial DCA ranged from 54° to 130°, and the adaxial DCA ranged from 51° to 125°. The effect of time, leaf side, and EWS type on leaf wettability were significant. Plant species which showed a change in EWS type or clustering from June to September did not show a more pronounced reduction in DCA compared to those species which exhibited a constant EWS type. Findings from our study illustrate that DCA is not a good indicator in determining the different EWS types due to overlapping DCA intervals between the identified EWS types. However, the identified EWS types remained fairly stable throughout the in-leaf season and do not require repeated measurements for characterization.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000508389000028	Publication Date	2019-12-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1618-8667	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.4	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; The research was funded by the Ontario Student Assistance Program (OSAP # 15103399). The SEM equipment was funded by FWO/Hercules. The authors acknowledge the help of the ENdEMIC group involved in the upkeep of the experimental site. The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their critical comments and constructive suggestions in improving the quality of the article. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.4; 2020 IF: 2.113
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:164906			Serial	5504
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Echelpoel, R.; Kranenburg, R.; van Asten, A.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Electrochemical detection of MDMA and 2C-B in ecstasy tablets using a selectivity enhancement strategy by in-situ derivatization			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Forensic chemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	27	Issue		Pages	100383
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Forensic drug laboratories are confronted with increasing amounts of drugs and a demand for faster results that are directly available on-site. In addition, the drug market is getting more complex with hundreds of new psychoactive substances (NPS) entering the market in recent years. Rapid and on-scene presumptive drug testing therefore faces a shift from manual colorimetric tests towards approaches that can detect a wider range of components and process results automatically. Electrochemical detection offers these desired characteristics, making it a suitable candidate for on-site drug detection. In this study, a two-step electrochemical sensor is introduced for the detection of MDMA and 2C-B. Firstly, a direct electrochemical analysis was performed to detect MDMA. Validation experiments on over 70 substances revealed that 2C-B was the only frequently encountered drug that gave a false positive result for MDMA in this first analysis. A second step using in-situ derivatization was subsequently introduced. To this end, formaldehyde was used for N-methylation of 2C-B thereby enhancing its electrochemical profile. The enriched electrochemical fingerprint in the second step allowed for clear differentiation between MDMA and 2C-B. The applicability of this approach was demonstrated with 71 ecstasy tablets seized by the Amsterdam Police. The MDMA/2C-B sensor correctly identified all 39 MDMA-containing tablets and 10 out of 11 tablets containing 2C-B. Most notably, correct results were also obtained for dark colored tablets in which both spectroscopic analysis and colorimetric tests failed due to obscured signals.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000725708200002	Publication Date	2021-11-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2468-1709	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.7	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.7
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:183340			Serial	7149
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Borah, R.; Ninakanti, R.; Nuyts, G.; Peeters, H.; Pedrazo-Tardajos, A.; Nuti, S.; Vande Velde, C.; De Wael, K.; Lenaerts, S.; Bals, S.; Verbruggen, S.
	Title	Selectivity in ligand functionalization of photocatalytic metal oxide nanoparticles for phase transfer and self‐assembly applications			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Chemistry-A European Journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem-Eur J
	Volume		Issue		Pages	chem.202100029-15
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Intelligence in PRocesses, Advanced Catalysts and Solvents (iPRACS)
	Abstract	Functionalization of photocatalytic metal oxide nanoparticles of TiO 2 , ZnO, WO 3 and CuO with amine‐terminated (oleylamine) and thiol‐terminated (1‐dodecanethiol) alkyl chained ligands was studied under ambient conditions. A high selectivity was observed in the binding specificity of a ligand towards nanoparticles of these different oxides. It was observed that oleylamine binds stably to only TiO 2 and WO 3 , while 1‐dodecanethiol binds stably only to ZnO and CuO. Similarly, polar to non‐polar solvent phase transfer of TiO 2 and WO 3 nanoparticles could be achieved by using oleylamine, but not by 1‐dodecanethiol, while the contrary holds for ZnO and CuO. The surface chemistry of ligand functionalized nanoparticles was probed by ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy, that enabled to elucidate the occupation of the ligands at the active sites. The photo‐stability of the ligands on the nanoparticle surface was determined by the photocatalytic self‐cleaning properties of the material. While TiO 2 and WO 3 degrade the ligands within 24 hours under both UV and visible light, ligands on ZnO and CuO remain unaffected. The gathered insights are also highly relevant from an application point of view. As an example, since the ligand functionalized nanoparticles are hydrophobic in nature, they can thus be self‐assembled at the air‐water interface, for obtaining nanoparticle films with demonstrated photocatalytic as well as anti‐fogging properties.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000652651400001	Publication Date	2021-04-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0947-6539	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.317	Times cited	15	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	R.B. and S.W.V. acknowledge financial support from the University of Antwerp Special Research Fund (BOF) for a DOCPRO4 doctoral scholarship. S.B. and A.P.-T. acknowledge financial support from the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 Program by means of the grant agreement no. 731019 EUSMI and the ERC Consolidator grant no. 815128 REALNANO.; sygmaSB			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.317
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:177495			Serial	6787
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Menegaldo, B.; Aleccia, D.; Nuyts, G.; Amato, A.; Orsega, E.F.; Moro, G.; Balliana, E.; De Wael, K.; Moretto, L.M.; Beltran, V.
	Title	Stories of the life of Saint George : materials and techniques from a Barbelli mural painting			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Studies in conservation	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	1-14
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Art; History; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Gian Giacomo Inchiocchio (1604-1656), better known as Barbelli, was one of the main exponents of Lombard painting of the seventeenth century. A large body of work is attributed to him, encompassing a wide range of drawings, murals, and oil paintings. However, despite his broad production, there are still many open questions regarding his painting techniques and materials. In this paper, a multi-analytical study of the cycle Stories of the life of Saint George that originally decorated the presbytery of the parish church of Casaletto Vaprio (Cremona, Italy) was performed, combining non-invasive techniques with the characterisation of selected micro samples. Results show that Barbelli used a very limited number of inorganic pigments, often mixing them together to create different colours and shades. Remains of caseinate and degradation products (i.e. weddellite and whewellite) related to the strappo intervention were also highlighted. The study helped to decipher the materials and technique of this painting, providing data that can be used as a reference to study his extensive production.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001080139100001	Publication Date	2023-10-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0039-3630; 2047-0584	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:200302			Serial	9098
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Tilleman, L.; De Henau, S.; Pauwels, M.; Nagy, N.; Pintelon, I.; Braeckman, B.P.; De Wael, K.; Van Doorslaer, S.; Adriaensen, D.; Timmermans, J.-P.; Moens, L.; Dewilde, S.
	Title	An N-myristoylated globin with a redox-sensing function that regulates the defecation cycle in Caenorhabditis elegans			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	PLoS ONE	Abbreviated Journal	Plos One
	Volume	7	Issue	12	Pages	e48768-9
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Globins occur in all kingdoms of life where they fulfill a wide variety of functions. In the past they used to be primarily characterized as oxygen transport/storage proteins, but since the discovery of new members of the globin family like neuroglobin and cytoglobin, more diverse and complex functions have been assigned to this heterogeneous family. Here we propose a function for a membrane-bound globin of C. elegans, GLB-26. This globin was predicted to be myristoylated at its N-terminus, a post-translational modification only recently described in the globin family. In vivo, this globin is found in the membrane of the head mesodermal cell and in the tail stomato-intestinal and anal depressor muscle cells. Since GLB-26 is almost directly oxidized when exposed to oxygen, we postulate a possible function as electron transfer protein. Phenotypical studies show that GLB-26 takes part in regulating the length of the defecation cycle in C. elegans under oxidative stress conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000313236200008	Publication Date	2012-12-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1932-6203	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.806	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	; SDH is a Ph.D. fellow of the Fund for Scientific Research (FWO). Financial support to SD and LM was provided by the University of Antwerp (BOF UA TOP 2006) and to SD, LM, BPB, by FWO project G.0247.09. The UltraVIEW VoX spinning disk confocal microscope was purchased with support of the Hercules Foundation (Hercules Type 1: AUHA 09/001). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.806; 2012 IF: 3.730
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:102591			Serial	5741
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, S.; Trashin, S.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Gold-sputtered microelectrodes with built-in gold reference and counter electrodes for electrochemical DNA detection			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Analyst	Abbreviated Journal	Analyst
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Gold-sputtered microelectrodes with built-in gold reference and counter electrodes represent a promising platform for the development of disposable DNA sensors. Pretreating gold electrode surfaces and immobilization of DNA thereon is commonly employed in biosensing applications. However, with no scientific or practical guidelines to prepare a DNA sensor using these miniature gold-sputtered microelectrodes, cleaning and immobilization steps need to be systematically optimized and updated. In this work, we present efficient cleaning and modification of miniaturized gold-sputtered microelectrodes with thiolated DNA probes for DNA detection. Additional discussions on subtleties and nuances involved at each stage of pretreating and modifying gold-sputtered microelectrodes are included to present a robust, well-founded protocol. It was evident that the insights on cleaning polycrystalline gold disk electrodes with a benchmark electrode surface for DNA sensors, cannot be transferred to clean these miniature gold-sputtered microelectrodes. Therefore, a comparison between five different cleaning protocols was made to find the optimal one for gold-sputtered microelectrodes. Additionally, two principally different immobilization techniques for gold-sputtered microelectrode modification with thiolated ssDNA were compared i.e., immobilization through passive chemisorption and potential perturbation were compared in terms of thiol-specific attachment and thiol-unspecific adsorption through nitrogenous bases. The hybridization performance of these prepared electrodes was characterized by their sensitive complementary DNA capturing ability, detected by a standard alkaline phosphatase assay. Immobilization through passive chemisorption proved to be efficient in capturing the complementary target DNA with a detection limit of 0.14 nM and sensitivity of 9.38 A M−1 cm2. In general, this work presents a comprehensive understanding of cleaning, modification and performance of gold-sputtered microelectrodes with built-in gold reference and counter electrodes for both fundamental investigations and practical DNA sensing applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000592315100017	Publication Date	2020-09-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2654	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.2	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.2; 2020 IF: 3.885
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:172447			Serial	6527
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Rather, J.A.; Pilehvar, S.; De Wael, K.
	Title	A graphene oxide amplification platform tagged with tyrosinase-zinc oxide quantum dot hybrids for the electrochemical sensing of hydroxylated polychlorobiphenyls			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Sensors and actuators : B : chemical	Abbreviated Journal	Sensor Actuat B-Chem
	Volume	190	Issue		Pages	612-620
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Graphene oxide can act as an amplification platform for the immobilization of a hybrid structure composed of tyrosinase (Tyr) and zinc oxide quantum dots (ZnO QDs). This article describes how this platform increases the sensitivity for the detection of hydroxylated polychlorobiphenyls (OH-PCBs). The adsorption of Tyr (with low isoelectric point) on the positively charged surface of ZnO QDs is based on electrostatic interactions. The scanning electron microscopic images and UVvis spectroscopic analysis demonstrated the adsorption of Tyr on ZnO QDs. The stepwise assembly process of the fabricated biosensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The synthesized ZnO QDs and graphene oxide were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic techniques. The determination of OH-PCBs was carried out by using square wave voltammetry over the concentration range of 2.827.65 μM with a detection limit of 0.15 μM with good reproducibility, selectivity and acceptable stability. The high value of surface coverage of ZnO QDs and small value of MichaelisMenten constant (View the MathML source) confirmed an excellent loading of the Tyr and a high affinity of the biosensor toward the detection of OH-PCBs. This biosensor and the described sensing platform offer a great potential for rapid, cost-effective and on-field analysis of OH-PCBs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000326687700082	Publication Date	2013-09-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0925-4005	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.401	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors are highly thankful for the mobility grant (Non-Europe Postdoc Fellowship) for one of the author (Jahangir Ahmad Rather) supported by the Belgian Federal Science Policy (Belspo) co-funded by the Marie Curie Actions from the European Commission. Sanaz Pilehvar is funded by BOF-DOCPRO UA. We are also thankful to the EMAT (Electron Microscopy for Materials Science) group and Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis group of the University of Antwerp for the XRD, Raman and FTIR characterization of samples (GO and ZnO QDs). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.401; 2014 IF: 4.097
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:110566			Serial	5636
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Schram, J.; Parrilla, M.; Sleegers, N.; Samyn, N.; Bijvoets, S.M.; Heerschop, M.W.J.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Identifying Electrochemical Fingerprints of Ketamine with Voltammetry and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for Its Detection in Seized Samples			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Analytical Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	92	Issue	19	Pages	13485-13492
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Toxicological Centre
	Abstract	Herein, a straightforward electrochemical approach for the determination of ketamine in street samples and seizures is presented by employing screen-printed electrodes (SPE). Square wave voltammetry (SWV) is used to study the electrochemical behavior of the illicit drug, thus profiling the different oxidation states of the substance at different pHs. Besides, the oxidation pathway of ketamine on SPE is investigated for the first time with liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve of ketamine at buffer solution (pH 12) exhibits a sensitivity of 8.2 μA μM–1, a linear relationship between 50 and 2500 μM with excellent reproducibility (RSD = 2.2%, at 500 μM, n = 7), and a limit of detection (LOD) of 11.7 μM. Subsequently, binary mixtures of ketamine with adulterants and illicit drugs are analyzed with SWV to investigate the electrochemical fingerprint. Moreover, the profile overlapping between different substances is addressed by the introduction of an electrode pretreatment and the integration of a tailor-made script for data treatment. Finally, the approach is tested on street samples from forensic seizures. Overall, this system allows for the on-site identification of ketamine by law enforcement agents in an easy-to-use and rapid manner on cargos and seizures, thereby disrupting the distribution channel and avoiding the illicit drug reaching the end-user.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000580426800091	Publication Date	2020-10-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.4	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	Universiteit Antwerpen; H2020 Societal Challenges, 833787 ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 1S3765817N 1SB8120N ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.4; 2020 IF: 6.32
	Call Number	AXES @ axes @c:irua:170523			Serial	6435
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Zhang, T.; Schilling, W.; Khan, S.U.; Ching, H.Y.V.; Lu, C.; Chen, J.; Jaworski, A.; Barcaro, G.; Monti, S.; De Wael, K.; Slabon, A.; Das, S.
	Title	Atomic-level understanding for the enhanced generation of hydrogen peroxide by the introduction of an aryl amino group in polymeric carbon nitrides			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Acs Catalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Catal
	Volume	11	Issue	22	Pages	14087-14101
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Organic synthesis (ORSY); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Heterogeneous catalysts are often & ldquo;black boxes & rdquo; due to the insufficient understanding of the detailed mechanisms at the catalytic sites. An atomic-level elucidation of the processes taking place in those regions is, thus, mandatory to produce robust and selective heterogeneous catalysts. We have improved the description of the whole reactive scenario for polymeric carbon nitrides (PCN) by combining atomic-level characterizations with magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, classical reactive molecular dynamics (RMD) simulations, and quantum chemistry (QC) calculations. We disclose the structure & minus;property relationships of an ad hoc modified PCN by inserting an aryl amino group that turned out to be very efficient for the production of H2O2. The main advancement of this work is the development of a difluoromethylene-substituted aryl amino PCN to generate H2O2 at a rate of 2.0 mM & middot;h & minus;1 under the irradiation of household blue LEDs and the identification of possible active catalytic sites with the aid of 15N and 19F MAS solid-state NMR without using any expensive labeling reagent. RMD simulations and QC calculations confirm and further extend the experimental descriptions by revealing the role and locations of the identified functionalities, namely, NH linkers, & minus;NH2 terminal groups, and difluoromethylene units, reactants, and products. <comment>Superscript/Subscript Available</comment
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000758012900020	Publication Date	2021-11-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2155-5435	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	10.614	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 10.614
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:187276			Serial	7534
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Morales-Yanez, F.; Trashin, S.; Hermy, M.; Sariego, I.; Polman, K.; Muyldermans, S.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Fast one-step ultrasensitive detection of toxocara canis antigens by a nanobody-based electrochemical magnetosensor			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	91	Issue	18	Pages	11582-11588
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Human toxocariasis (HT) is a cosmopolitan zoonotic disease caused by the migration of the larval stage of the roundworm Toxocara canis. Current HT diagnostic methods do not discriminate between active and past infections. Here, we present a method to quantify Toxocara excretory/secretory antigen, aiming to identify active cases of HT. High specificity is achieved by employing nanobodies (Nbs), single domain antigen binding fragments from camelid heavy chain-only antibodies. High sensitivity is obtained by the design of an electrochemical magnetosensor with an amperometric read-out. Reliable detection of TES antigen at 10 and 30 pg/mL level was demonstrated in phosphate buffered saline and serum, respectively. Moreover, the assay showed no cross-reactivity with other nematode antigens. To our knowledge, this is the most sensitive method to quantify the TES antigen so far. It also has great potential to develop point of care diagnostic systems in other conditions where high sensitivity and specificity are required.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000487156900016	Publication Date	2019-08-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; This project was funded by the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek-Vlaanderen (FWO-Flanders, Project G.0189.13N) and BOF UAntwerp. The authors acknowledge Prof. Pierre Dorny (Institute of Tropical Medicine Antwerp) and Dr. Beatrice Nickel (Swiss Institute of Tropical Medicine) for providing the antigens needed for the cross-reactivity experiments. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:163784			Serial	5621
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Van Echelpoel, R.; Parrilla, M.; Sleegers, N.; Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, S.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; Slosse, A.; Van Durme, F.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Validated portable device for the qualitative and quantitative electrochemical detection of MDMA ready for on-site use			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	190	Issue		Pages	108693-10
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Toxicological Centre; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Identifying and quantifying 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on-site in suspected illicit drug samples, whether it be at recreational settings or manufacturing sites, is a major challenge for law enforcement agencies (LEAs). Various analytical techniques exist to fulfil this goal, e.g. colourimetry and portable spectroscopic techniques, each having its specific limitations (e.g. low accuracy, fluorescence, no quantification) and strengths (e.g. fast, easy to use). In this work, for the first time, an electrochemical MDMA sensor is presented to become a detection tool that can realistically be used on-site. More specifically, the use of a single buffer solution and an unmodified screen-printed electrode, along with the integration of a data analysis algorithm and mobile application permits the straightforward on-site identification and quantification of MDMA in suspicious samples. Multiple studies investigating different parameters, including pH, concentration, reproducibility, temperature and binary mixture analyses, were executed. To fully understand all the occurring redox processes, liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry analysis of partially electrolyzed MDMA samples was performed unravelling oxidation of the methylenedioxy group. Validation of the methodology was executed on 15 MDMA street samples analysed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and compared with the performance of a commercial portable Raman and Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) device. The novel methodology outperformed the spectroscopic techniques, correctly identifying all 15 street samples. Additionally, the electrochemical sensor predicted the purity of the tablets with a mean absolute error of 2.3%. Overall, this new, electrochemical detection strategy provides LEAs the rapid, low-cost, on-site detection and quantification of MDMA in suspicious samples, without requiring specialized training.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000977060400001	Publication Date	2023-03-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.8	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.8; 2023 IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:195415			Serial	8952
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Drăgan, A.-M.; Parrilla, M.; Cambré, S.; Domínguez-Robles, J.; Detamornrat, U.; Donnelly, R.F.; Oprean, R.; Cristea, C.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Microneedle array-based electrochemical sensor functionalized with SWCNTs for the highly sensitive monitoring of MDMA in interstitial fluid			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	193	Issue		Pages	109257-11
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Nanostructured and organic optical and electronic materials (NANOrOPT); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Illicit drug consumption constitutes a great concern worldwide due to its increased spread and abuse, and the negative consequences exerted on society. For instance, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), a synthetic amphetamine-type substance, was abused by 20 million people worldwide in 2020. This psychoactive substance exerts a myriad of effects on the human body being dangerous for the consumer’s health. Besides, MDMA has been used in the treatment of some psychiatric conditions. Therefore, the development of wearable devices for MDMA sensing in biological fluids is of great importance for forensic toxicology (e.g., monitoring of patients with suspected or known MDMA consumption) as well as for therapeutic management of patients. Herein, we report the development of a wearable electrochemical platform based on a hollow microneedle (MN) array sensor for the monitoring of MDMA in the interstitial fluid by square-wave voltammetry. First, the holes of the MN array were modified with conductive pastes to devise a MN patch with a three-electrode system. Subsequently, the functionalization of the working electrode with nanomaterials enhanced MDMA detection. Thereafter, analytical parameters were evaluated exhibiting a slope of 0.05 µA µM−1 within a linear range from 1 to 50 µM and a limit of detection of 0.75 µM in artificial interstitial fluid. Importantly, critical parameters such as selectivity, piercing capability, temperature, reversibility and stability were assessed. Overall, the obtained MN sensor exhibited excellent analytical performance, making it a promising tool for MDMA tracking in interstitial fluid for individuals on probation or under therapeutic treatment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001067945900001	Publication Date	2023-08-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	4.8	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access: Available from 27.02.2024
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.8; 2023 IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:198183			Serial	8898
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Parrilla, M.; Joosten, F.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Enhanced electrochemical detection of illicit drugs in oral fluid by the use of surfactant-mediated solution			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Sensors And Actuators B-Chemical	Abbreviated Journal	Sensor Actuat B-Chem
	Volume	348	Issue		Pages	130659
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Illicit drug consumption is a worldwide worrying phenomenon that troubles modern society. For this reason, law enforcement agencies (LEAs) are placing tremendous efforts into tackling the spreading of such substances among our community. New sensing technologies can facilitate the LEAs duties by providing portable and affordable analytical devices. Herein, we present for the first time a sensitive and low-cost electrochemical method, i.e. square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry on carbon screen-printed electrodes (SPE), for the detection of five illicit drugs (i.e. cocaine, heroin, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 4-chloro-alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone, and ketamine) in oral fluid by the aid of a surfactant. Particularly, the surfactant is adsorbed at the carbon electrode’s surface and yields the adsorption of illicit drug molecules, allowing for an enhanced electrochemical signal in comparison to surfactant-free media. First, the surfactant-mediated behavior is deeply explored at the SPE by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Subsequently, the electrochemical behavior of the five illicit drugs is studied and optimized to render optimal analytical performance. Accordingly, the analytical system exhibited a wide linear concentration range from 1 to 30 µM with sub-micromolar limits of detection and high sensitivity. This performance is similar to other reported electrochemical sensors, but with the advantage of using an unmodified SPE, thus avoiding costly and complex functionalization of the SPE. Finally, the methodology was evaluated in diluted oral fluid samples spiked with illicit drugs. Overall, this work describes a simple, rapid, portable, and sensitive method for the detection of illicit drugs aiming to provide oral fluid testing opportunities to LEAs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000701915600005	Publication Date	2021-08-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0925-4005	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.401	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 5.401
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:181307			Serial	7912
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Florea, A.; De Jong, M.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Electrochemical strategies for the detection of forensic drugs			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Current opinion in electrochemistry	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	11	Pages	34-40
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Illicit drugs consumption and trafficking is spread worldwide and remains an increasing challenge for local authorities. Forensic drugs and their metabolites are released into wastewaters due to human excretion after illegal consumption of drugs and occasionally due to disposal of clandestine laboratory wastes into sewage systems, being recently classified as the latest group of emerging pollutants. Hence, it is essential to have efficient and accurate methods to detect these type of compounds in seized street samples, biological fluids and wastewaters in order to reduce and prevent trafficking and consumption and negative effects on aquatic systems. Electrochemical strategies offer a fast, portable, low-cost and accurate alternative to chromatographic and spectrometric methods, for the analysis of forensic drugs and metabolites in different matrices. Recent electrochemical strategies applied to the detection of illicit drugs in wastewaters, biological fluids and street samples are presented in this review, together with the impact of drug consumption on the environment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000453710900007	Publication Date	2018-07-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2451-9103; 2451-9111	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	; This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 753223 Narcoreader. The authors also acknowledge financial support from BELSPO, IOF-SBO and UAntwerp. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:152366			Serial	5597
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Joosten, F.; Parrilla, M.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; Ozoemena, K.Id; De Wael, K.
	Title	Electrochemical detection of illicit drugs in oral fluid : potential for forensic drug testing			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Electrochimica acta	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	2022	Issue	436	Pages	141309-141315
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Engineering sciences. Technology; Toxicological Centre; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	Illicit drugs continue to pose a serious threat to society and public health. Drug (ab)use is linked to organised crime and violence. Therefore, to fight the so-called war on drugs, police and law enforcement agencies need to be equipped with accurate and efficient sensors for the detection of illicit drugs and drug use. Even though colour tests (for powders) and lateral flow immunoassays (for biological samples) lack accuracy, they are relied upon for fast and easy on-site detection. Alternatively, in recent years, there has been an increasing interest in electrochemical sensors as a promising technique for the rapid and accurate on-site detection of illicit drugs. While a myriad of literature exists on the use of electrochemical sensors for drug powder analysis, literature on their use for the detection of drug use in biological samples is scarce. To this end, this review presents an overview of strategies for the electrochemical detection of illicit drugs in oral fluid. First, pharmacokinetics of drugs in oral fluid and the legal limit dilemma regarding the analytical cut-offs for roadside drug detection tests are elaborated to present the reader with the background knowledge required to develop such a test. Subsequently, an overview of electrochemical strategies developed for the detection of illicit drugs in oral fluid is given. Importantly, key challenges to address in the development of roadside tests are highlighted to improve the design of the next electrochemical devices and to bring them to the field. Overall, electrochemical sensors for illicit drugs detection in oral fluid show promise to disrupt current strategies for roadside testing.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000882442300001	Publication Date	2022-10-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-4686	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:191107			Serial	8855
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Dragan, A.-M.; Truta, F.M.; Tertis, M.; Florea, A.; Schram, J.; Cernat, A.; Feier, B.; De Wael, K.; Cristea, C.; Oprean, R.
	Title	Electrochemical fingerprints of illicit drugs on graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Frontiers In Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Front Chem
	Volume	9	Issue		Pages	641147
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Illicit drugs use and abuse remains an increasing challenge for worldwide authorities and, therefore, it is important to have accurate methods to detect them in seized samples, biological fluids and wastewaters. They are recently classified as the latest group of emerging pollutants as their consumption increased tremendously in recent years. Nanomaterials have gained much attention over the last decade in the development of sensors for a myriad of applications. The applicability of these nanomaterials, functionalized or not, significantly increases and it is therefore highly suitable for use in the detection of illicit drugs. We have assessed the suitability of various nanoplatforms, such as graphene (GPH), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) for the electrochemical detection of illicit drugs. GPH and MWCNTs were chosen as the most suitable platforms and cocaine, 3,4-methylendioxymethamfetamine (MDMA), 3-methylmethcathinone (MMC) and alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP) were tested. Due to the hydrophobicity of the nanomaterials-based platforms which led to low signals, two strategies were followed namely, pretreatment of the electrodes in sulfuric acid by cyclic voltammetry and addition of Tween 20 to the detection buffer. Both strategies led to an increase in the oxidation signal of illicit drugs. Binary mixtures of illicit drugs with common adulterants found in street samples were also investigated. The proposed strategies allowed the sensitive detection of illicit drugs in the presence of most adulterants. The suitability of the proposed sensors for the detection of illicit drugs in spiked wastewaters was finally assessed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000634708900001	Publication Date	2021-03-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2296-2646	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.994	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.994
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:177704			Serial	7861
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Trashin, S.; De Jong, M.; Meynen, V.; Dewilde, S.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Attaching redox proteins onto electrode surfaces by bis-silane			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	ChemElectroChem	Abbreviated Journal	Chemelectrochem
	Volume	3	Issue	7	Pages	1035-1038
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Immobilization of redox proteins on electrode surfaces is of special interest for mechanistic studies and applications because of a well-controlled redox state of protein molecules by a polarized electrode and fast electron transfer kinetics, free from diffusion limitation. Here, bis-organosilane (1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane) was applied as a fresh solution in a pH 7 phosphate buffer without use of any organic solvent, sol-gel or mesoporous bulk matrix. A short aging period of 30 minutes before deposition on the electrodes was optimal for the immobilization of proteins. Three redox proteins (cytochrome c, neuroglobin and GLB-12) were confined to the gold surface of electrodes with high coverages and stability, indicating that the suggested technique is simple, efficient and generic in nature.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000380043500001	Publication Date	2016-03-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2196-0216	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.136	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors thank the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO) (Grant G.0687.13) and the GOA-BOF UA 2013-2016 (project ID 28312) for funding. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.136
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:132628			Serial	5485
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Anaf, W.; Horemans, B.; Madeira, T.I.; Carvalho, M.L.; De Wael, K.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Effects of a constructional intervention on airborne and deposited particulate matter in the Portuguese National Tile Museum, Lisbon			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Environmental Science and Pollution Research	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Pollut R
	Volume	20	Issue	3	Pages	1849-1857
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In the 1970s, a large ambulatory of the National Tile Museum, Lisbon, was closed with glass panes on both ground and first floor. Although this design was meant to protect the museum collection from ambient air pollutants, small openings between the glass panes remain, creating a semi-enclosed corridor. The effects of the glass panes on the indoor air quality were evaluated in a comparative study by monitoring the airborne particle concentration and the extent of particle deposition at the enclosed corridor as well as inside the museum building. Comparison of the indoor/outdoor ratio of airborne particle concentration demonstrated a high natural ventilation rate in the enclosed corridor as well as inside the museum building. PM10 deposition velocities on vertical surfaces were estimated in the order of 3 × 10−4 m s−1 for both indoor locations. Also, the deposition rates of dark-coloured and black particles in specific were very similar at both indoor locations, causing visual degradation. The effectiveness of the glass panes in protecting the museum collection is discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000315442500061	Publication Date	2012-07-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0944-1344; 1614-7499	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.741	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.741; 2013 IF: 2.757
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:100214			Serial	5583
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Hamidi-Asl, E.; Daems, D.; De Wael, K.; Van Camp, G.; Nagels, L.J.
	Title	Concentration related response potentiometric titrations to study the interaction of small molecules with large biomolecules			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
	Volume	86	Issue	24	Pages	12243-12249
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In the present article, the utility of a special potentiometric titration approach for recognition and calculation of biomolecule/small molecule interactions is reported. This approach is fast, sensitive, reproducible and inexpensive in comparison to the other methods for the determination of the association constant values (Ka) and the interaction energies (ΔG). The potentiometric titration measurement is based on the use of a classical polymeric membrane indicator electrode in a solution of the small molecule ligand. The biomolecule is used as a titrant. The potential is measured versus a reference electrode and transformed to a concentration related signal over the entire concentration interval, also at low concentrations, where the mV (y-axis) versus logcanalyte (x-axis) potentiometric calibration curve is not linear. In the procedure, the Ka is calculated for the interaction of cocaine with a cocaine binding aptamer and with an anti-cocaine antibody. To study the selectivity and cross-reactivity, other oligonucleotides and aptamers are tested, as well as other small ligand molecules such as tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl)borate, metergoline, lidocaine, and bromhexine. The calculated Ka compared favorably to the value reported in the literature using SPR. The potentiometric titration approach called Concentration related Response Potentiometry, is used to study molecular interaction for 7 macromolecular target molecules and 4 small molecule ligands.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000346683900048	Publication Date	2014-11-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-2700; 5206-882x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	10	Open Access
	Notes	; Financial support for this work was provided by the University of Antwerp by granting L.J.N., K.D.W, G.V.C., and Ronny Blust a POC interdisciplinary research project. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32; 2014 IF: 5.636
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:120164			Serial	5548
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Thirumalraj, alamurugan; Palanisamy, S.; Chen, S.-M.; De Wael, K.
	Title	A graphene/gelatin composite material for the entrapment of hemoglobin for bioelectrochemical sensing applications			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Journal of the electrochemical society	Abbreviated Journal	J Electrochem Soc
	Volume	163	Issue	7	Pages	265-271
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In the present work, a novel graphene (GN) and gelatin (GTN) composite was prepared and used as an immobilization matrix for hemoglobin (Hb). Compared with Hb immobilized on a bare, GN or GTN modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE), a stable and pair of well-defined quasi redox couple was observed at an Hb modified GN/GTN composite GCE at a formal potential of −0.306 V versus Ag\|AgCl. The direct electrochemical behavior of Hb was greatly enhanced by the presence of both GTN and GN. A heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (Ks) was calculated as 3.82 s−1 for Hb immobilized at GN/GTN modified GCE, which indicates the fast direct electron transfer of Hb toward the electrode surface. The biosensor shows a stable and wide linear response for H2O2 in the linear response range from 0.1 μM to 786.6 μM with an analytical sensitivity and limit of detection of 0.48 μAμM−1 cm−2 and 0.04 μM, respectively. The fabricated biosensor holds its high selectivity in the presence of potentially active interfering species and metal ions. The biosensor shows its satisfactory practical ability in the commercial contact lens solution and human serum samples.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000377412900047	Publication Date	2016-04-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-4651	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.259	Times cited	9	Open Access
	Notes	; This project was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology (project no. NSC1012113M027001MY3), Taiwan (Republic of China). The authors express their sincere thanks to Prof. Bih-Show Lou, Chemistry Division, Center for General Education, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan for providing the human serum samples. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.259
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:132627			Serial	5635
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ortiz-Aguayo, D.; Ceto, X.; De Wael, K.; del Valle, M.
	Title	Resolution of opiate illicit drugs signals in the presence of some cutting agents with use of a voltammetric sensor array and machine learning strategies			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Sensors and actuators : B : chemical	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	357	Issue		Pages	131345
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	In the present work, the resolution and quantification of mixtures of different opiate compounds in the presence of common cutting agents using an electronic tongue (ET) is evaluated. More specifically, ternary mixtures of heroin, morphine and codeine were resolved in the presence of caffeine and paracetamol. To this aim, an array of three carbon screen-printed electrodes were modified with different ink-like solutions of graphite, cobalt (II) phthalocyanine and palladium, and their responses towards the different drugs were characterized by means of square wave voltammetry (SWV). Developed sensors showed a good performance with good linearity at the mu M level, LODs between 1.8 and 5.3 mu M for the 3 actual drugs, and relative standard deviation (RSD) ca. 2% for over 50 consecutive measurements. Next, a quantitative model that allowed the identification and quantification of the individual substances from the overlapped voltammograms was built using partial least squares regression (PLS) as the modeling tool. With this approach, quantification of the different drugs was achieved at the mu M level, with a total normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) of 0.084 for the test subset.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000745113900003	Publication Date	2021-12-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0925-4005	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:185446			Serial	8922
Permanent link to this record



	Author	De Wael, K.; De Belder, S.; Pilehar, S.; Van Steenberge, G.; Herrebout, W.; Heering, H.A.
	Title	Enzyme-gelatin electrochemical biosensors : scaling down			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Biosensors	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	2	Issue		Pages	101-113
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Molecular Spectroscopy (MolSpec)
	Abstract	In this article we investigate the possibility of scaling down enzyme-gelatin modified electrodes by spin coating the enzyme-gelatin layer. Special attention is given to the electrochemical behavior of the selected enzymes inside the gelatin matrix. A glassy carbon electrode was used as a substrate to immobilize, in the first instance, horse heart cytochrome c (HHC) in a gelatin matrix. Both a drop dried and a spin coated layer was prepared. On scaling down, a transition from diffusion controlled reactions towards adsorption controlled reactions is observed. Compared to a drop dried electrode, a spin coated electrode showed a more stable electrochemical behavior. Next to HHC, we also incorporated catalase in a spin coated gelatin matrix immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode. By spincoating, highly uniform sub micrometer layers of biocompatible matrices can be constructed. A full electrochemical study and characterization of the modified surfaces has been carried out. It was clear that in the case of catalase, gluteraldehyde addition was needed to prevent leaking of the catalase from the gelatin matrix.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2012-03-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2079-6374	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:96507			Serial	5606
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Hamidi-Asl, E.; Dardenne, F.; Pilehvar, S.; Blust, R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Unique properties of core shell Ag@Au nanoparticles for the aptasensing of bacterial cells			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Chemosensors	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4	Issue	3	Pages	16
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In this article, it is shown that the efficiency of an electrochemical aptasensing device is influenced by the use of different nanoparticles (NPs) such as gold nanoparticles (Au), silver nanoparticles (Ag), hollow gold nanospheres (HGN), hollow silver nanospheres (HSN), silvergold core shell (Ag@Au), goldsilver core shell (Au@Ag), and silvergold alloy nanoparticles (Ag/Au). Among these nanomaterials, Ag@Au core shell NPs are advantageous for aptasensing applications because the core improves the physical properties and the shell provides chemical stability and biocompatibility for the immobilization of aptamers. Self-assembly of the NPs on a cysteamine film at the surface of a carbon paste electrode is followed by the immobilization of thiolated aptamers at these nanoframes. The nanostructured (Ag@Au) aptadevice for Escherichia coli as a target shows four times better performance in comparison to the response obtained at an aptamer modified planar gold electrode. A comparison with other (core shell) NPs is performed by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. Also, the selectivity of the aptasensor is investigated using other kinds of bacteria. The synthesized NPs and the morphology of the modified electrode are characterized by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000382480000006	Publication Date	2016-08-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2227-9040	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	9	Open Access
	Notes	; Ezat Hamidi-Asl was financially supported by Belspo (University of Antwerp). The authors are thankful to Femke De Croock for her technical support and to Stanislav Trashin for his worthwhile comments on the manuscript. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:135411			Serial	5886
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bottari, F.; Daems, E.; de Vries, A.-M.; Van Wielendaele, P.; Trashin, S.; Blust, R.; Sobott, F.; Madder, A.; Martins, J.C.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Do aptamers always bind? The need for a multifaceted analytical approach when demonstrating binding affinity between aptamer and low molecular weight compounds			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Journal Of The American Chemical Society	Abbreviated Journal	J Am Chem Soc
	Volume	142	Issue	46	Pages	jacs.0c08691-19630
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Medical Biochemistry
	Abstract	In this manuscript, we compare different analytical methodologies to validate or disprove the binding capabilities of aptamer sequences. This was prompted by the lack of a universally accepted and robust quality control protocol for the characterization of aptamer performances coupled with the observation of independent yet inconsistent data sets in the literature. As an example, we chose three aptamers with a reported affinity in the nanomolar range for ampicillin, a β-lactam antibiotic, used as biorecognition elements in several detection strategies described in the literature. Application of a well-known colorimetric assay based on aggregation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) yielded conflicting results with respect to the original report. Therefore, ampicillin binding was evaluated in solution using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), native nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (native nESI-MS), and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). By coupling the thermodynamic data obtained with ITC with the structural information on the binding event given by native nESI-MS and 1H NMR we could verify that none of the ampicillin aptamers show any specific binding with their intended target. The effect of AuNPs on the binding event was studied by both ITC and 1H NMR, again without providing positive evidence of ampicillin binding. To validate the performance of our analytical approach, we investigated two well-characterized aptamers for cocaine/quinine (MN4), chosen for its nanomolar range affinity, and l-argininamide (1OLD) to show the versatility of our approach. The results clearly indicate the need for a multifaceted analytical approach, to unequivocally establish the actual detection potential and performance of aptamers aimed at small organic molecules.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000592911000024	Publication Date	2020-11-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0002-7863	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	15	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 15; 2020 IF: 13.858
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:173136			Serial	6488
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vermeulen, M.; Janssens, K.; Sanyova, J.; Rahemi, V.; McGlinchey, C.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Assessing the stability of arsenic sulfide pigments and influence of the binding media on their degradation by means of spectroscopic and electrochemical techniques			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Microchemical journal	Abbreviated Journal	Microchem J
	Volume	138	Issue	138	Pages	82-91
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In this paper, we used the semiconducting and lightfastness properties of synthetic and mineral arsenic sulfide pigments to study their stability by means of electrochemical and microfadometric techniques. A combination of these techniques shows that in the early stage of the degradation process, amorphous arsenic sulfides are more stable than both crystalline forms, while upon longer exposure time, amorphous pigments will fade more than both mineral pigments, making it less suitable. While the stability study was carried out on unbound pigments, the influence of the organic binder on the relative degradation of the arsenic sulfide pigments was investigated through a multi-analytical approach on pigment/binder mock-up paint samples. For this purpose, the formation of arsenic trioxide was assessed by micro Fourier transform infrared (μ-FTIR) spectroscopy while the influence of the binder on the formation of sulfates was studied by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray near edge structure (μ-XANES). Both techniques elucidate a higher stability of all pigments in gum arabic while the use of egg yolk as binder leads to the most degradation, most likely due to its sulfur-rich composition. In the context of the degradation of arsenic sulfide pigments, other binders such as animal glue, egg white or linseed oil show an intermediate impact.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000428103000010	Publication Date	2018-01-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0026-265x; 0026-265x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.034	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; This research is made possible with the support of the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO, Brussels) through the research program Science for a Sustainable Development – SDD, “Long-term role and fate of metal-sulfides in painted works of art – S2ART” (grant number SD/RI/04A). We gratefully acknowledge Megane Willems (Institut Paul-Lambin) for her help with mu-FFIR analyses and realization of the mock-up paint samples. We acknowledge the Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland for provision of synchrotron radiation beamtime at beamline Phoenix of the SLS. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.034
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:150149			Serial	5482
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Borhani, A.H.; Berghmans, H.; Trashin, S.; De Wael, K.; Fago, A.; Moens, L.; Habibi-Rezaei, M.; Dewilde, S.
	Title	Kinetic properties and heme pocket structure of two domains of the polymeric hemoglobin of Artemia in comparison with the native molecule			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Biochimica et biophysica acta : proteins and proteomics	Abbreviated Journal	Bba-Proteins Proteom
	Volume	1854	Issue	10a	Pages	1307-1316
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In this project, we studied some physicochemical properties of two different globin domains of the polymeric hemoglobin of the brine shrimp Artemia salina and compared them with those of the native molecule. Two domains (AsHbC1D1 and AsHbC1D5) were cloned and expressed in BL21(DE3)pLysS strain of Escherichiacoli. The recombinant proteins as well as the native hemoglobin (AfHb) were purified from bacteria and frozen Artemia, respectively by standard chromatographic methods and assessed by SDS-PAGE. The heme environment of these proteins was studied by optical spectroscopy and ligand-binding kinetics (e.g. CO association and O2 binding affinity) were measured for the two recombinant proteins and the native hemoglobin. This indicates that the CO association rate for AsHbC1D1 is higher than that of AsHbC1D5 and AfHb, while the calculated P50 value for AsHbC1D1 is lower than that of AsHbC1D5 and AfHb. The geminate and bimolecular rebinding parameters indicate a significant difference between both domains. Moreover, EPR results showed that the heme pocket in AfHb is in a more closed conformation than the heme pocket in myoglobin. Finally, the reduction potential of − 0.13 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode was determined for AfHb by direct electrochemical measurements. It is about 0.06 V higher than the potential of the single domain AsHbC1D5. This work shows that each domain in the hemoglobin of Artemia has different characteristics of ligand binding.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000362307500008	Publication Date	2015-05-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1570-9639	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	2.773	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by the general grant for visiting scholar of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology of I. R. Iran and by the University of Antwerp. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.773; 2015 IF: 2.747
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:125909			Serial	5683
Permanent link to this record