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	Author	Cabana, L.; Ke, X.; Kepić, D.; Oro-Solé, J.; Tobías-Rossell, E.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Tobias, G.
	Title	The role of steam treatment on the structure, purity and length distribution of multi-walled carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Carbon	Abbreviated Journal	Carbon
	Volume	93	Issue	93	Pages	1059-1067
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Purification and shortening of carbon nanotubes have attracted a great deal of attention to increase the biocompatibility and performance of the material in several applications. Steam treatment has been employed to afford both purification and shortening of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Steam removes the amorphous carbon and the graphitic particles that sheath catalytic nanoparticles, facilitating their removal by a subsequent acidic wash. The amount of metal impurities can be reduced in this manner below 0.01 wt.%. The length distribution of MWCNTs after different steam treatment times (from 1 h to 15 h) was assessed by box plot analysis of the electron microscopy data. Samples with a median length of 0.57 μm have been prepared with the reported methodology while preserving the integrity of the tubular wall structure.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000360292100108	Publication Date	2015-06-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0008-6223;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.337	Times cited	17	Open Access
	Notes	312483 Esteem2; 290023 Raddel; esteem2_ta			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.337; 2015 IF: 6.196
	Call Number	c:irua:127691 c:irua:127691			Serial	2921
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Hadad, C.; Ke, X.; Carraro, M.; Sartorel, A.; Bittencourt, C.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bonchio, M.; Quintana, M.; Prato, M.
	Title	Positive graphene by chemical design : tuning supramolecular strategies for functional surfaces			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Chemical communications	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Commun
	Volume	50	Issue	7	Pages	885-887
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A diazonium based-arylation reaction was efficiently used for the covalent addition of 4-amino-N,N,N-trimethylbenzene ammonium to stable dispersions of few layer graphene (FLG) yielding an innovative FLG platform with positive charges to immobilize inorganic polyanions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000328884500036	Publication Date	2013-11-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1359-7345;1364-548X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.319	Times cited	19	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 6.319; 2014 IF: 6.834
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:113733			Serial	2678
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Spyrou, K.; Potsi, G.; Diamanti, E.K.; Ke, X.; Serestatidou, E.; Verginadis, I.I.; Velalopoulou, A.P.; Evangelou, A.M.; Deligiannakis, Y.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Gournis, D.; Rudolf, P.;
	Title	Towards Novel Multifunctional Pillared Nanostructures: Effective Intercalation of Adamantylamine in Graphene Oxide and Smectite Clays			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Advanced functional materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Funct Mater
	Volume	24	Issue	37	Pages	5841-5850
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Multifunctional pillared materials are synthesized by the intercalation of cage-shaped adamantylamine (ADMA) molecules into the interlayer space of graphite oxide (GO) and aluminosilicate clays. The physicochemical and structural properties of these hybrids, determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman and X-ray photoemission (XPS) spectroscopies and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that they can serve as tunable hydrophobic/hydrophilic and stereospecific nanotemplates. Thus, in ADMA-pillared clay hybrids, the phyllomorphous clay provides a hydrophilic nanoenvironment where the local hydrophobicity is modulated by the presence of ADMA moieties. On the other hand, in the ADMA-GO hybrid, both the aromatic rings of GO sheets and the ADMA molecules define a hydrophobic nanoenvironment where sp(3)-oxo moieties (epoxy, hydroxyl and carboxyl groups), present on GO, modulate hydrophilicity. As test applications, these pillared nanostructures are capable of selective/stereospecific trapping of small chlorophenols or can act as cytotoxic agents.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000342794500008	Publication Date	2014-07-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1616-301X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.124	Times cited	19	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 12.124; 2014 IF: 11.805
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:121085			Serial	3686
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	Author	de Clippel, F.; Harkiolakis, A.; Ke, X.; Vosch, T.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Baron, G.V.; Jacobs, P.A.; Denayer, J.F.M.; Sels, B.F.
	Title	Molecular sieve properties of mesoporous silica with intraporous nanocarbon			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Chemical communications	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Commun
	Volume	46	Issue	6	Pages	928-930
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Biporous carbonsilica materials (CSM) with molecular sieve properties and high sorption capacity were developed by synthesizing nano-sized carbon crystallites in the mesopores of Al-MCM-41.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000274070800024	Publication Date	2009-12-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1359-7345;1364-548X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.319	Times cited	21	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.319; 2010 IF: 5.787
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:80994			Serial	2182
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	Author	Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Romo Negreira, A.; Hantschel, T.; Bender, H.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	TEM sample preparation by FIB for carbon nanotube interconnects			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	109	Issue	11	Pages	1353-1359
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A powerful method to study carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown in patterned substrates for potential interconnects applications is transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, high-quality TEM samples are necessary for such a study. Here, TEM specimen preparation by focused ion beam (FIB) has been used to obtain lamellae of patterned samples containing CNTs grown inside contact holes. A dual-cap Pt protection layer and an extensive 5 kV cleaning procedure are applied in order to preserve the CNTs and avoid deterioration during milling. TEM results show that the inner shell structure of the carbon nanotubes has been preserved, which proves that focused ion beam is a useful technique to prepare TEM samples of CNT interconnects.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000270765800006	Publication Date	2009-07-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	21	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Iap			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2009 IF: 2.067
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:79074			Serial	3485
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	Author	Li, Y.J.; Wang, J.J.; Ye, J.C.; Ke, X.X.; Gou, G.Y.; Wei, Y.; Xue, F.; Wang, J.; Wang, C.S.; Peng, R.C.; Deng, X.L.; Yang, Y.; Ren, X.B.; Chen, L.Q.; Nan, C.W.; Zhang, J.X.;
	Title	Mechanical switching of nanoscale multiferroic phase boundaries			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Advanced functional materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Funct Mater
	Volume	25	Issue	25	Pages	3405-3413
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Tuning the lattice degree of freedom in nanoscale functional crystals is critical to exploit the emerging functionalities such as piezoelectricity, shape-memory effect, or piezomagnetism, which are attributed to the intrinsic lattice-polar or lattice-spin coupling. Here it is reported that a mechanical probe can be a dynamic tool to switch the ferroic orders at the nanoscale multiferroic phase boundaries in BiFeO3 with a phase mixture, where the material can be reversibly transformed between the soft tetragonal-like and the hard rhombohedral-like structures. The microscopic origin of the nonvolatile mechanical switching of the multiferroic phase boundaries, coupled with a reversible 180 degrees rotation of the in-plane ferroelectric polarization, is the nanoscale pressure-induced elastic deformation and reconstruction of the spontaneous strain gradient across the multiferroic phase boundaries. The reversible control of the room-temperature multiple ferroic orders using a pure mechanical stimulus may bring us a new pathway to achieve the potential energy conversion and sensing applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000355992600017	Publication Date	2015-04-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1616-301X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.124	Times cited	23	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 12.124; 2015 IF: 11.805
	Call Number	c:irua:126430			Serial	1976
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	Author	Adjizian, J.J.; De Marco, P.; Suarez-Martinez, I.; El Mel, A.A.; Snyders, R.; Gengler, R.Y.N.; Rudolf, P.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bittencourt, C.; Ewels, C.P.;
	Title	Platinum and palladium on carbon nanotubes : experimental and theoretical studies			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Chemical physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Phys Lett
	Volume	571	Issue		Pages	44-48
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Pristine and oxygen plasma functionalised carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were studied after the evaporation of Pt and Pd atoms. High resolution transmission electron microscopy shows the formation of metal nanoparticles at the CNT surface. Oxygen functional groups grafted by the plasma functionalization act as nucleation sites for metal nanoparticles. Analysis of the C1s core level spectra reveals that there is no covalent bonding between the Pt or Pd atoms and the CNT surface. Unlike other transition metals such as titanium and copper, neither Pd nor Pt show strong oxygen interaction or surface oxygen scavenging behaviour.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000319109900007	Publication Date	2013-04-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0009-2614;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.815	Times cited	23	Open Access
	Notes	Countatoms; Cost			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.815; 2013 IF: 1.991
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108706			Serial	2650
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	Author	Corthals, S.; van Noyen, J.; Geboers, J.; Vosch, T.; Liang, D.; Ke, X.; Hofkens, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Jacobs, P.; Sels, B.
	Title	The beneficial effect of CO₂ in the low temperature synthesis of high quality carbon nanofibers and thin multiwalled carbon nanotubes from CH_{_{4}} over Ni catalysts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Carbon	Abbreviated Journal	Carbon
	Volume	50	Issue	2	Pages	372-384
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A low temperature chemical vapor deposition method is described for converting CH4 into high-quality carbon nanofibers (CNFs) using a Ni catalyst supported on either spinel or perovskite oxides in the presence of CO2. The addition of CO2 has a significant influence on CNF purity and stability, while the CNF diameter distribution is significantly narrowed. Ultimately, the addition of CO2 changes the CNF structure from fishbone fibers to thin multiwalled carbon nanotubes. A new in situ cooling principle taking into account dry reforming chemistry and thermodynamics is introduced to account for the structural effects of CO2.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000297397700004	Publication Date	2011-09-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0008-6223;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.337	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes	Iwt; Iap			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.337; 2012 IF: 5.868
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93626			Serial	228
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Quintana, M.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Meneghetti, M.; Bittencourt, C.; Prato, M.
	Title	Light-induced selective deposition of Au nanoparticles on single-wall carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	4	Issue	10	Pages	6105-6113
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Novel applications of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) rely on the development of new strategies to make them easier to handle without affecting their structural properties. In this work, we have selectively deposited Au nanoparticles (Au NP) on SWNT assisted by UV light irradiation. XPS analysis and UV-vis spectroscopy indicate that the deposition occurs at the defects generated after oxidation of the SWNT. By addition of n-dodecylthiol, the separation of oxidized tubes with Au NP (Au-ox-SWNT) from tubes devoid of Au NP (bare tubes, b-SWNT) was achieved. Raman and UV-vis-NIR spectra indicate that UV irradiation induces a faster nucleation of Au NP on metallic SWNT. This new technique can be useful for the preparation of nanohybrid composites with enhanced properties, as increased thermal stability, and to obtain purified SWNT.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000283453700081	Publication Date	2010-09-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2010 IF: 9.865
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:99202			Serial	1819
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	Author	Felten, A.; Gillon, X.; Gulas, M.; Pireaux, J.-J.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bittencourt, C.; Najafi, E.; Hitchcock, A.P.
	Title	Measuring point defect density in individual carbon nanotubes using polarization-dependent X-ray microscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	4	Issue	8	Pages	4431-4436
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The presence of defects in carbon nanotubes strongly modifies their electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. It was long thought undesirable, but recent experiments have shown that introduction of structural defects using ion or electron irradiation can lead to novel nanodevices. We demonstrate a method for detecting and quantifying point defect density in individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based on measuring the polarization dependence (linear dichroism) of the C 1s → π* transition at specific locations along individual CNTs with a scanning transmission X-ray microscope (STXM). We show that STXM can be used to probe defect density in individual CNTs with high spatial resolution. The quantitative relationship between ion dose, nanotube diameter, and defect density was explored by purposely irradiating selected sections of nanotubes with kiloelectronvolt (keV) Ga+ ions. Our results establish polarization-dependent X-ray microscopy as a new and very powerful characterization technique for carbon nanotubes and other anisotropic nanostructures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000281052700014	Publication Date	2010-07-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2010 IF: 9.865
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:84734			Serial	1966
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	Author	Suarez-Martinez, I.; Ewels, C.P.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Thiess, S.; Drube, W.; Felten, A.; Pireaux, J.-J.; Ghijsen, J.; Bittencourt, C.
	Title	Study of the interface between rhodium and carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	4	Issue	3	Pages	1680-1686
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at 3.5 keV photon energy, in combination with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, is used to follow the formation of the interface between rhodium and carbon nanotubes. Rh nucleates at defect sites, whether initially present or induced by oxygen-plasma treatment. More uniform Rh cluster dispersion is observed on plasma-treated CNTs. Experimental results are compared to DFT calculations of small Rh clusters on pristine and defective graphene. While Rh interacts as strongly with the carbon as Ti, it is less sensitive to the presence of oxygen, suggesting it as a good candidate for nanotube contacts.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000275858200053	Publication Date	2010-02-18
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2010 IF: 9.865
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82440			Serial	3337
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	Author	Bittencourt, C.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Thiess, S.; Drube, W.; Ghijsen, J.; Ewels, C.P.
	Title	Study of the interaction between copper and carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Chemical physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Phys Lett
	Volume	535	Issue		Pages	80-83
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Copper deposited by thermal evaporation onto pristine and oxygen plasma treated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) diffuse over the CNT surface, coalescing and forming crystalline islands. The nucleation sites of the islands are preferentially defects, and more homogeneous island dispersion was observed at the CNT oxygen functionalized surface. The presence of weakly bound oxygen atoms at the CNT surface induces the formation of CuO bonds at the Cu/CNT interface, as described through density functional calculations. Exposure to air allows further oxidation to facetted crystalline Cu2O. Oxygen plasma pre-treatment represents a promising route for homogenous disperse Cu2O nanoparticle decoration of CNTs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000303437900015	Publication Date	2012-03-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0009-2614;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.815	Times cited	27	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.815; 2012 IF: 2.145
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:97704			Serial	3336
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	Author	van der Stam, W.; Gradmann, S.; Altantzis, T.; Ke, X.; Baldus, M.; Bals, S.; de Mello Donega, C.
	Title	Shape Control of Colloidal Cu2-x S Polyhedral Nanocrystals by Tuning the Nucleation Rates			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Mater
	Volume	28	Issue	28	Pages	6705-6715
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Synthesis protocols for colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) with narrow size and shape distributions are of particular interest for the successful implementation of these nanocrystals into devices. Moreover, the preparation of NCs with well-defined crystal phases is of key importance. In this work, we show that Sn(IV)-thiolate complexes formed in situ strongly influence the nucleation and growth rates of colloidal Cu2-x S polyhedral NCs, thereby dictating their final size, shape, and crystal structure. This allowed us to successfully synthesize hexagonal bifrustums and hexagonal bipyramid NCs with low-chalcocite crystal structure, and hexagonal nanoplatelets with various thicknesses and aspect ratios with the djurleite crystal structure, by solely varying the concentration of Sn(IV)-additives (namely, SnBr4) in the reaction medium. Solution and solid-state 119Sn NMR measurements show that SnBr4 is converted in situ to Sn(IV)-thiolate complexes, which increase the Cu2-x S nucleation barrier without affecting the precursor conversion rates. This influences both the nucleation and growth rates in a concentration-dependent fashion and leads to a better separation between nucleation and growth. Our approach of tuning the nucleation and growth rates with in situ-generated Sn-thiolate complexes might have a more general impact due to the availability of various metal-thiolate complexes, possibly resulting in polyhedral NCs of a wide variety of metal-sulfide compositions.
	Address	Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Wos	000384399000037	Publication Date	2016-09-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0897-4756	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.466	Times cited	27	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	W.v.d.S. and C.d.M.D. acknowledge financial support from the division of Chemical Sciences (CW) of The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) under grant number ECHO.712.012.001. M.B. also gratefully acknowledges NWO for funding the NMR infrastructure (Middle Groot program, grant number 700.58.102). S.B. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant # 335078-COLOURATOMS).; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.466
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:135928			Serial	4285
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	Author	Schulze, A.; Hantschel, T.; Dathe, A.; Eyben, P.; Ke, X.; Vandervorst, W.
	Title	Electrical tomography using atomic force microscopy and its application towards carbon nanotube-based interconnects			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Nanotechnology	Abbreviated Journal	Nanotechnology
	Volume	23	Issue	30	Pages	305707
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The fabrication and integration of low-resistance carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for interconnects in future integrated circuits requires characterization techniques providing structural and electrical information at the nanometer scale. In this paper we present a slice-and-view approach based on electrical atomic force microscopy. Material removal achieved by successive scanning using doped ultra-sharp full-diamond probes, manufactured in-house, enables us to acquire two-dimensional (2D) resistance maps originating from different depths (equivalently different CNT lengths) on CNT-based interconnects. Stacking and interpolating these 2D resistance maps results in a three-dimensional (3D) representation (tomogram). This allows insight from a structural (e.g. size, density, distribution, straightness) and electrical point of view simultaneously. By extracting the resistance evolution over the length of an individual CNT we derive quantitative information about the resistivity and the contact resistance between the CNT and bottom electrode.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000306333500029	Publication Date	2012-07-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0957-4484;1361-6528;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.44	Times cited	29	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.44; 2012 IF: 3.842
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:100750			Serial	895
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	Author	Bittencourt, C.; Navio, C.; Nicolay, A.; Ruelle, B.; Godfroid, T.; Snyders, R.; Colomer, J.-F.; Lagos, M.J.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Suarez-Martinez, I.; Ewels, C.P.
	Title	Atomic oxygen functionalization of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	The journal of physical chemistry: C : nanomaterials and interfaces	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys Chem C
	Volume	115	Issue	42	Pages	20412-20418
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes (v-MWCNTs) are functionalized using atomic oxygen generated in a microwave plasma. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy depth profile analysis shows that the plasma treatment effectively grafts oxygen exclusively at the v-MWCNT tips. Electron microscopy shows that neither the vertical alignment nor the structure of v-MWCNTs were affected by the plasma treatment. Density functional calculations suggest assignment of XPS C 1s peaks at 286.6 and 287.5 eV, to epoxy and carbonyl functional groups, respectively.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000296205600009	Publication Date	2011-10-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1932-7447;1932-7455;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.536	Times cited	31	Open Access
	Notes	Iap			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.536; 2011 IF: 4.805
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:91890			Serial	174
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	Author	Yan, Y.; Wang, L.-X.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Wu, X.-S.; Yu, D.-P.; Liao, Z.-M.
	Title	High-mobility Bi₂Se₃ nanoplates manifesting quantum oscillations of surface states in the sidewalls			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Scientific reports	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Rep-Uk
	Volume	4	Issue		Pages	3817-7
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Magnetotransport measurements of topological insulators are very important to reveal the exotic topological surface states for spintronic applications. However, the novel properties related to the surface Dirac fermions are usually accompanied by a large linear magnetoresistance under perpendicular magnetic field, which makes the identification of the surface states obscure. Here, we report prominent Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations under an in-plane magnetic field, which are identified to originate from the surface states in the sidewalls of topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanoplates. Importantly, the SdH oscillations appear with a dramatically weakened magnetoresistance background, offering an easy path to probe the surface states directly when the coexistence of surface states and bulk conduction is inevitable. Moreover, under a perpendicular magnetic field, the oscillations in Hall conductivity have peak-to-valley amplitudes of 2 e(2)/h, giving confidence to achieve a quantum Hall effect in this system. A cross-section view of the nanoplate shows that the sidewall is (015) facet dominant and therefore forms a 586 angle with regard to the top/ bottom surface instead of being perpendicular; this gives credit to the surface states' behavior as two-dimensional transport.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Nature Publishing Group	Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000330044700008	Publication Date	2014-01-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2045-2322;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.259	Times cited	31	Open Access
	Notes	ERC grant Nu246791 – COUNTATOMS			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.259; 2014 IF: 5.578
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:114815			Serial	1436
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	Author	Suarez-Martinez, I.; Bittencourt, C.; Ke, X.; Felten, A.; Pireaux, J.J.; Ghijsen, J.; Drube, W.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ewels, C.P.
	Title	Probing the interaction between gold nanoparticles and oxygen functionalized carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Carbon	Abbreviated Journal	Carbon
	Volume	47	Issue	6	Pages	1549-1554
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The interaction between evaporated gold and pristine or oxygen plasma treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is investigated. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that gold nucleation occurs at defect sites, whether initially present or introduced by oxygen plasma treatment. Uniform gold cluster dispersion is observed on plasma treated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and associated with the presence of uniformly dispersed oxidized vacancy centres on the CNT surface.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000265518700018	Publication Date	2009-02-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0008-6223;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.337	Times cited	38	Open Access
	Notes	Pai			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.337; 2009 IF: 4.504
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:77267			Serial	2717
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	Author	Felten, A.; Suarez-Martinez, I.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ghijsen, J.; Pireaux, J.-J.; Drube, W.; Bittencourt, C.; Ewels, C.P.
	Title	The role of oxygen at the interface between titanium and carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	ChemPhysChem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Chemphyschem
	Volume	10	Issue	11	Pages	1799-1804
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We study the interface between carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and surface-deposited titanium using electron microscopy and photoemission spectroscopy, supported by density functional calculations. Charge transfer from the Ti atoms to the nanotube and carbide formation is observed at the interface which indicates strong interaction. Nevertheless, the presence of oxygen between the Ti and the CNTs significantly weakens the Ti-CNT interaction. Ti atoms at the surface will preferentially bond to oxygenated sites. Potential sources of oxygen impurities are examined, namely oxygen from any residual atmosphere and pre-existing oxygen impurities on the nanotube surface, which we enhance through oxygen plasma surface pre-treatment. Variation in literature data concerning Ohmic contacts between Ti and carbon nanotubes is explained via sample pre-treatment and differing vacuum levels, and we suggest improved treatment routes for reliable Schottky barrier-free Ti-nanotube contact formation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000268817800015	Publication Date	2009-05-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1439-4235;1439-7641;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.075	Times cited	38	Open Access
	Notes	Pai			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.075; 2009 IF: 3.453
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:77939			Serial	2918
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	Author	Chemchuen, S.; Zhou, K.; Kabir, N.A.; Chen, Y.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Verpoort, F.
	Title	Tuning metal sites of DABCO MOF for gas purification at ambient conditions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Microporous and mesoporous materials: zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials	Abbreviated Journal	Micropor Mesopor Mat
	Volume	201	Issue	201	Pages	277-285
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Metalorganic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as new porous materials for capture and separation of binary gas mixtures. Tuning the metal sites in MOF structures has an impact on properties, which enhance affinity of gas adsorption and selectivity (e.g., surface area, cavity, electric field, etc.). The synthesis and characterization of a M-DABCO series (M = Ni, Co, Cu, Zn) of MOFs are described in this study. The experiments were conducted using multicomponent gas mixtures and the Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST) was applied to determine the CO2/CH4 selectivity. Experimental adsorption isotherms were fitted with a model equation to evaluate the characteristic adsorption energy (Isosteric, Qst) of this series. The Ni metal in the M-DABCO series reveals the best performance concerning CO2 adsorption and CH4/CO2 selectivity at ambient conditions based on IAST calculations. The combination of characterizations, calculations and adsorption experiments were used to discuss the metal impact on the adsorption sites in the M-DABCO series at ambient conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000345185200030	Publication Date	2014-09-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1387-1811;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.615	Times cited	38	Open Access
	Notes	246791-Countatoms			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.615; 2015 IF: 3.453
	Call Number	c:irua:120473			Serial	3748
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	Author	Ying, J.; Yang, X.-Y.; Hu, Z.-Y.; Mu, S.-C.; Janiak, C.; Geng, W.; Pan, M.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Su, B.-L.
	Title	One particle@one cell : highly monodispersed PtPd bimetallic nanoparticles for enhanced oxygen reduction reaction			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Nano energy	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Energy
	Volume	8	Issue		Pages	214-222
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Highly monodispersed platinum-based nanoalloys are the best-known catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. Although certainly promising, the durability and stability are among the main requirements for commercializing fuel cell electrocatalysts in practical applications. Herein, we synthesize highly stable, durable and catalytic active monodispersed PtPd nano-particles encapsulated in a unique one particle@one cell structure by adjusting the viscosity of solvents using mesocellular foam. PtPd nanoparticles in mesocellular carbon foam exhibit an excellent electrocatalytic activity (over 4 times mass and specific activities than the commercial Pt/C catalyst). Most importantly, this nanocatalyst shows no obvious change of structure and only a 29.5% loss in electrochemically active surface area after 5000 potential sweeps between 0.6 and 1.1 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode cycles. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000340981700026	Publication Date	2014-06-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2211-2855;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.343	Times cited	40	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 12.343; 2014 IF: 10.325
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:119255			Serial	2465
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	Author	Wang, C.; Ke, X.; Wang, J.; Liang, R.; Luo, Z.; Tian, Y.; Yi, D.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, J.; Han, X.-F.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Chen, L.-Q.; Nan, C.-W.; Ramesh, R.; Zhang, J.
	Title	Ferroelastic switching in a layered-perovskite thin film			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Nature communications	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Commun
	Volume	7	Issue	7	Pages	10636
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A controllable ferroelastic switching in ferroelectric/multiferroic oxides is highly desirable due to the non-volatile strain and possible coupling between lattice and other order parameter in heterostructures. However, a substrate clamping usually inhibits their elastic deformation in thin films without micro/nano-patterned structure so that the integration of the non-volatile strain with thin film devices is challenging. Here, we report that reversible in-plane elastic switching with a non-volatile strain of approximately 0.4% can be achieved in layered-perovskite Bi2WO6 thin films, where the ferroelectric polarization rotates by 90 degrees within four in-plane preferred orientations. Phase-field simulation indicates that the energy barrier of ferroelastic switching in orthorhombic Bi2WO6 film is ten times lower than the one in PbTiO3 films, revealing the origin of the switching with negligible substrate constraint. The reversible control of the in-plane strain in this layered-perovskite thin film demonstrates a new pathway to integrate mechanical deformation with nanoscale electronic and/or magnetoelectronic applications.
	Address	Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, 100875 Beijing, China
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Wos	000371020600002	Publication Date	2016-02-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2041-1723	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.124	Times cited	40	Open Access
	Notes	The work in Beijing Normal University is supported by the NSFC under contract numbers 51322207, 51332001 and 11274045. J.Z. also acknowledges the support from National Basic Research Program of China, under contract No. 2014CB920902. G.V.T. acknowledges the funding from the European Research Council under the Seventh Framework Program (FP7), ERC Advanced Grant No. 246791-COUNTATOMS. X.K. acknowledges the funding from NSFC (Grant No.11404016) and Beijing University of Technology (2015-RD-QB-19). J.W. acknowledges the funding from NSFC (Grant number 51472140). L.-Q.C. acknowledges the supporting by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Award FG02-07ER46417. R.L. acknowledges Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList) Cross-discipline Foundation. Z.L. acknowledges the support from the NSFC (No.11374010 and No.11434009). Q.Z. and X.-F.H. acknowledge the funding support from NSFC (Grant No. 11434014). R.R. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Translational Applications of Nanoscale Multiferroic Systems) under grant number EEC-1160504.			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.124
	Call Number	c:irua:130978			Serial	4007
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	Author	Goffin, A.-L.; Duquesne, E.; Raquez, J.-M.; Miltner, H.E.; Ke, X.; Alexandre, M.; Van Tendeloo, G.; van Mele, B.; Dubois, P.
	Title	From polyester grafting onto POSS nanocage by ring-opening polymerization to high performance polyester/POSS nanocomposites			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Journal of materials chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	J Mater Chem
	Volume	20	Issue	42	Pages	9415-9422
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Polyester-grafted polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanohybrids selectively produced by ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and L,L-lactide (A.-L. Goffin, E. Duquesne, S. Moins, M. Alexandre, Ph. Dubois, Eur. Polym. Journal, 2007, 43, 4103) were studied as masterbatches by melt-blending within their corresponding commercial polymeric matrices, i.e., poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(L,L-lactide) (PLA). For the sake of comparison, neat POSS nanoparticles were also dispersed in PCL and PLA. The objective was to prepare aliphatic polyester-based nanocomposites with enhanced crystallization behavior, and therefore, enhanced thermo-mechanical properties. Wide-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy attested for the dispersion of individualized POSS nanoparticles in the resulting nanocomposite materials only when the polyester-grafted POSS nanohybrid was used as a masterbatch. The large impact of such finely dispersed (grafted) nanoparticles on the crystallization behavior for the corresponding polyester matrices was noticed, as evidenced by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Indeed, well-dispersed POSS nanoparticles acted as efficient nucleating sites, significantly increasing the crystallinity degree of both PCL and PLA matrices. As a result, a positive impact on thermo-mechanical properties was highlighted by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000283264500017	Publication Date	2010-06-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0959-9428;1364-5501;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	42	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap-6			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:85784			Serial	1284
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	Author	Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Cott, D.; Hantschel, T.; Bender, H.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Three-dimensional analysis of carbon nanotube networks in interconnects by electron tomography without missing wedge artifacts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	16	Issue	2	Pages	210-217
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The three-dimensional (3D) distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown inside semiconductor contact holes is studied by electron tomography. The use of a specialized tomography holder results in an angular tilt range of ±90°, which means that the so-called missing wedge is absent. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample for this purpose consists of a micropillar that is prepared by a dedicated procedure using the focused ion beam (FIB) but keeping the CNTs intact. The 3D results are combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to study the relation between the CNTs and the catalyst particles used during their growth. The reconstruction, based on the full range of tilt angles, is compared with a reconstruction where a missing wedge is present. This clearly illustates that the missing wedge will lead to an unreliable interpretation and will limit quantitative studies
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000276137200011	Publication Date	2010-02-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited	42	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo; Iap-Vi			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2010 IF: 3.259
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82279			Serial	3642
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	Author	Pietra, F.; van Dijk-Moes, R.J.A.; Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; de Mello Donega, C.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.
	Title	Synthesis of highly luminescent silica-coated CdSe/CdS nanorods			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Mater
	Volume	25	Issue	17	Pages	3427-3434
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	CdSe(core)/CdS(shell) nanorods (NRs) have been extensively investigated for their unique optical properties, such as high photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiency (QE) and polarized light emission. The incorporation of these NRs in silica (SiO2) is of high interest, since this renders them processable in polar solvents while increasing their photochemical stability, which would be beneficial for their application in LEDs and as biolabels. We report the synthesis of highly luminescent silica-coated CdSe/CdS NRs, by using the reverse micelle method. The mechanism for the encapsulation of the NRs in silica is unravelled and shown to be strongly influenced by the NR shape and its asymmetry. This is attributed to both the different morphology and the different crystallographic nature of the facets terminating the opposite tips of the NRs. These results lead to the formation of a novel class of NR architectures, whose symmetry can be controlled by tuning the degree of coverage of the silica shell. Interestingly, the encapsulation of the NRs in silica leads to a remarkable increase in their photostability, while preserving their optical properties.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000330097900004	Publication Date	2013-08-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0897-4756;1520-5002;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.466	Times cited	46	Open Access
	Notes	262348 ESMI; 246791 COUNTATOMS; Hercules			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.466; 2013 IF: 8.535
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:110037			Serial	3456
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	Author	Ribbens, S.; Meynen, V.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Ke, X.; Mertens, M.; Maes, B.U.W.; Cool, P.; Vansant, E.F.
	Title	Development of photocatalytic efficient Ti-based nanotubes and nanoribbons by conventional and microwave assisted synthesis strategies			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Microporous and mesoporous materials: zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials	Abbreviated Journal	Micropor Mesopor Mat
	Volume	114	Issue	1/3	Pages	401-409
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Organic synthesis (ORSY)
	Abstract	Titanate nanotubes were prepared via a hydrothermal treatment of TiO2 powders (Riedel De Haen) in a basic solution. Morphology and structure of the prepared samples were characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), XRD, FT-Raman spectroscopy, nitrogen sorption and DSC. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by photocatalytic oxidation of rhodamine 6G. Trititanate nanotubes (TTNT) with inner pore diameters between 4 and 4.2 nm and surface areas up till 360 m(2)/g could be synthesized. The synthesis route was modified by introduction of a calcination step, by applying a lower hydrothermal temperature and microwave irradiation in order to increase the photocatalytic activity of the porous photoactive nanotubular materials. Calcination and a softer hydrothermal treatment led to the formation of anatase without affecting the surface area and nanotubular shape of the samples. In this way, the photocatalytic activity of the original trititanate nanotubes could be significantly increased. By making use of microwave assisted synthesis, the photocatalytic activity call also be increased due to the presence of anatase. However, by applying microwave synthesis, a different structure was obtained, nanoribbons (NR) instead of nanotubcs, resulting in a decrease in surface area and porosity.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000258432100040	Publication Date	2008-02-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1387-1811;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.615	Times cited	47	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Crp (Ua)			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.615; 2008 IF: 2.555
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:69696			Serial	683
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	Author	Llobet, E.; Espinosa, E.H.; Sotter, E.; Ionescu, R.; Vilanova, X.; Torres, J.; Felten, A.; Pireaux, J.J.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Renaux, F.; Paint, Y.; Hecq, M.; Bittencourt, C.;
	Title	Carbon nanotube TiO₂ hybrid films for detecting traces of O₂			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2008	Publication	Nanotechnology	Abbreviated Journal	Nanotechnology
	Volume	19	Issue	37	Pages	375501-375511
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Hybrid titania films have been prepared using an adapted sol-gel method for obtaining well-dispersed hydrogen plasma-treated multiwall carbon nanotubes in either pure titania or Nb-doped titania. The drop-coating method has been used to fabricate resistive oxygen sensors based on titania or on titania and carbon nanotube hybrids. Morphology and composition studies have revealed that the dispersion of low amounts of carbon nanotubes within the titania matrix does not significantly alter its crystallization behaviour. The gas sensitivity studies performed on the different samples have shown that the hybrid layers based on titania and carbon nanotubes possess an unprecedented responsiveness towards oxygen (i.e. more than four times higher than that shown by optimized Nb-doped TiO(2) films). Furthermore, hybrid sensors containing carbon nanotubes respond at significantly lower operating temperatures than their non-hybrid counterparts. These new hybrid sensors show a strong potential for monitoring traces of oxygen (i.e. <= 10 ppm) in a flow of CO(2), which is of interest for the beverage industry.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000258385600014	Publication Date	2008-08-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0957-4484;1361-6528;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.44	Times cited	48	Open Access
	Notes	Pai			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.44; 2008 IF: 3.446
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:103083			Serial	282
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	Author	Wang, J.T.W.; Cabana, L.; Bourgognon, M.; Kafa, H.; Protti, A.; Venner, K.; Shah, A.M.; Sosabowski, J.K.; Mather, S.J.; Roig, A.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; de Rosales, R.T.M.; Tobias, G.; Al-Jamal, K.T.
	Title	Magnetically decorated multiwalled carbon nanotubes as dual MRI and SPECT contrast agents			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Advanced functional materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Funct Mater
	Volume	24	Issue	13	Pages	1880-1894
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most promising nanomaterials to be used in biomedicine for drug/gene delivery as well as biomedical imaging. This study develops radio-labeled, iron oxide-decorated multiwalled CNTs (MWNTs) as dual magnetic resonance (MR) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) contrast agents. Hybrids containing different amounts of iron oxide are synthesized by in situ generation. Physicochemical characterisations reveal the presence of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) granted the magnetic properties of the hybrids. Further comprehensive examinations including high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), fast Fourier transform simulations, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy assure the conformation of prepared SPION as γ-Fe2O3. High r2 relaxivities are obtained in both phantom and in vivo MRI compared to the clinically approved SPION Endorem. The hybrids are successfully radio labeled with technetium-99m through a functionalized bisphosphonate and enable SPECT/CT imaging and γ-scintigraphy to quantitatively analyze the biodistribution in mice. No abnormality is found by histological examination and the presence of SPION and MWNT are identified by Perls stain and Neutral Red stain, respectively. TEM images of liver and spleen tissues show the co-localization of SPION and MWNTs within the same intracellular vesicles, indicating the in vivo stability of the hybrids after intravenous injection. The results demonstrate the capability of the present SPIONMWNT hybrids as dual MRI and SPECT contrast agents for in vivo use.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000333674100007	Publication Date	2013-11-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1616-301X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.124	Times cited	50	Open Access
	Notes	Countatoms; Fp7; Esteem2; esteem2_ta			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.124; 2014 IF: 11.805
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:111589			Serial	1891
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	Author	Yan, Y.; Liao, Z.M.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Wang, Q.; Sun, D.; Yao, W.; Zhou, S.; Zhang, L.; Wu, H.C.; Yu, D.P.;
	Title	Topological surface state enhanced photothermoelectric effect in Bi₂Se₃ nanoribbons			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Nano letters	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett
	Volume	14	Issue	8	Pages	4389-4394
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The photothermoelectric effect in topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanoribbons is studied. The topological surface states are excited to be spin-polarized by circularly polarized light. Because the direction of the electron spin is locked to its momentum for the spin-helical surface states, the photothermoelectric effect is significantly enhanced as the oriented motions of the polarized spins are accelerated by the temperature gradient. The results are explained based on the microscopic mechanisms of a photon induced spin transition from the surface Dirac cone to the bulk conduction band. The as-reported enhanced photothermoelectric effect is expected to have potential applications in a spin-polarized power source.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington	Editor
	Language		Wos	000340446200028	Publication Date	2014-07-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1530-6984;1530-6992;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.712	Times cited	51	Open Access
	Notes	European Research Council under the Seventh Framework Program (FP7); ERC Advanced Grant No. 246791-COUNTATOMS.			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.712; 2014 IF: 13.592
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:118128			Serial	3678
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	Author	Navío, C.; Vallejos, S.; Stoycheva, T.; Llobet, E.; Correig, X.; Snyders, R.; Blackman, C.; Umek, P.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bittencourt, C.;
	Title	Gold clusters on WO₃ nanoneedles grown via AACVD : XPS and TEM studies			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Materials chemistry and physics	Abbreviated Journal	Mater Chem Phys
	Volume	134	Issue	2/3	Pages	809-813
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We have prepared tungsten oxide films decorated with gold particles on Si substrates by aerosol assisted chemical vapor deposition (AACVD) and characterized them using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SEM shows that the films are composed of needle-like structures and TEM shows that both the needles and the gold particles are crystalline. XPS indicates the presence of oxygen vacancies, i.e. the films are WO3−x, and hence the deposited material is composed of semiconducting nanostructures and that the interaction between the gold particles and the WO3 needles surface is weak. The synthesis of semiconducting tungsten oxide nanostructures decorated with metal particles represents an important step towards the development of sensing devices with optimal properties.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lausanne	Editor
	Language		Wos	000305918200038	Publication Date	2012-04-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0254-0584;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.084	Times cited	52	Open Access
	Notes	Iap			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.084; 2012 IF: 2.072
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:97705			Serial	1356
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	Author	Liu, J.; Hu, Z.-Y.; Peng, Y.; Huang, H.-W.; Li, Y.; Wu, M.; Ke, X.-X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Su, B.-L.
	Title	2D ZnO mesoporous single-crystal nanosheets with exposed {0001} polar facets for the depollution of cationic dye molecules by highly selective adsorption and photocatalytic decomposition			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Applied catalysis : B : environmental	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal B-Environ
	Volume	181	Issue	181	Pages	138-145
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Two dimensional (2D) ZnO nanosheets are ideal system for dimensionally confined transport phenomenon investigation owing to specific surface atomic configuration. Therefore, 2D ZnO porous nanosheets with single-crystal nature and {0001} polar facets, likely display some specific physicochemical properties. In this work, for the first time, 2D ZnO mesoporous single-crystal nanosheets (ZnO-MSN) with {0001} polar facets have been designed and prepared via an intriguing colloidal templating approach through controlling the infiltration speed for the suspension of EG-capped ZnO nanoparticles and polymer colloids. The EG-capped ZnO nanoparticles are very helpful for single-crystal nanosheet formation, while the polymer colloids play dual roles on the mesoporosity generation and {0001} polar facets formation within the mesopores. Such special 2D structure not only accelerates the hole-electron separation and the electron transportation owing to the single-crystal nature, but also enhances the selective adsorption of organic molecules owing to the porous structure and the exposed {0001} polar facets with more O-termination (000-1) surfaces: the 2D ZnO-MSN shows highly selective adsorption and significantly higher photodegradation for positively charged rhodamine B than those for negatively charged methyl orange and neutral phenol, comparing with ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) and ZnO commercial nanoparticles (ZnO-CNP) with high surface areas. This work may shed some light on better understanding the synthesis of 2D porous single-crystal nanosheet with exposed polar surfaces and photocatalytic mechanism of nanostructured semiconductors in a mixed organic molecules system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000364256000015	Publication Date	2015-08-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0926-3373;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.446	Times cited	60	Open Access
	Notes	246791 Countatoms			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.446
	Call Number	c:irua:127638 c:irua:127638 c:irua:127638			Serial	10
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