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	Author	Nuyts, G.; Cagno, S.; Hellemans, K.; Veronesi, G.; Cotte, M.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Study of the early stages of Mn intrusion in corroded glass by means of combined SR FTIR/\muXRF imaging and XANES spectroscopy			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2013	Publication	Procedia Chemistry T2 – Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage Conference (YOCOCU), June 18-20, 2012, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	239-247
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Historical glass, especially medieval glass, can undergo weathering under the influence of time and environmental conditions. The aim of this investigation was to better understand the processes involved in this natural degradation process by studying artificially altered glass samples prepared for the use of evaluation of conservation methods. Non-durable glass sensors produced by the Fraunhofer Institute (type M1.0) were used as a starting material for artificial alteration. These were immersed in acidic (pH = 0, 2, 4) and neutral solutions (1 h – 8 h). In a second stage the glass samples were immersed in a 0.5 M MnCl2 solution (24 h, 48 h and 72 h), allowing intrusion of Mn from the solution into the gel layer. The samples were characterized at different stages with reflectance FTIR spectroscopy, mu XRF mapping and mu XANES. All measurements were carried out at ESRF, beamline ID21. Reflectance FTIR spectroscopy measurements were performed in the 800 4000 cm(-1) range. Cluster analysis of the resulting maps evidenced the rapid growth of the gel layer in strong acidic conditions. The average spectra for each cluster feature show for the original glass a strong Si-O- stretching band between 900 and 1000 cm(-1), whereas the gel layer could be identified by the increasing Si-O-Si bands around 1100 and 1250 cm(-1). mu XRF maps were recorded at different stages of the experiment at energies around the Mn-K edge (6.539 keV) and with a step size of 2 by 2 m. These confirm the leaching of K+ and Ca+2 from the glass and the intrusion of Mn from the solution. Mn was found throughout the entire gel layer, but with a concentration gradient peaking at the surface. XANES point measurements were recorded at various points where Mn was present. No spatial variation was found, but linear combination fitting of the spectra with various Mn reference compounds indicated that Mn2+Mn23+O4 is the main Mn compound in the gel layer, as was hypothesised by Watkinson et al. The standard corroded glass samples studied here can be used for the evaluation of conservation treatments in follow-up experiments. (C) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the IA-CS (Italian Association of Conservation Scientists) and University of Antwerp
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000321673900030	Publication Date	2013-04-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	8	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1876-6196	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA XANES “meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. We gratefully acknowledge ESRF for granting beamtime (experiment EC873). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:109871			Serial	5851
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	Author	Janssens, K.; Adams, F.; Rivers, M.L.; Jones, K.W.
	Title	Analysis of individual microscopic particles by means of synchrotron radiation induced X-ray micro fluorescence			Type	P3 Proceeding
	Year	1992	Publication	Proceedings 27th MAS	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	P3 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:2812			Serial	5468
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	Author	Christiansen, T.; Cotte, M.; de Nolf, W.; Mouro, E.; Reyes-Herrera, J.; De Meyer, S.; Vanmeert, F.; Salvado, N.; Gonzalez, V.; Lindelof, P.E.; Mortensen, K.; Ryholt, K.; Janssens, K.; Larsen, S.
	Title	Insights into the composition of ancient Egyptian red and black inks on papyri achieved by synchrotron-based microanalyses			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America	Abbreviated Journal	P Natl Acad Sci Usa
	Volume	117	Issue	45	Pages	27825-27835
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A hitherto unknown composition is highlighted in the red and black inks preserved on ancient Egyptian papyri from the Roman period (circa 100 to 200 CE). Synchrotron-based macro-X-ray fluo-rescence (XRF) mapping brings to light the presence of iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) compounds in the majority of the red inks inscribed on 12 papyrus fragments from the Tebtunis temple library. The iron-based compounds in the inks can be assigned to ocher, notably due to the colocalization of Fe with aluminum, and the detection of hematite (Fe2O3) by micro-X-ray diffraction. Using the same techniques together with micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Pb is shown to be associated with fatty acid phosphate, sulfate, chloride, and carboxylate ions. Moreover, microXRF maps reveal a peculiar distribution and colocalization of Pb, phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), which are present at the micrometric scale resembling diffused “coffee rings” surrounding the ocher particles imbedded in the red letters, and at the submicrometric scale concentrated in the papyrus cell walls. A similar Pb, P, and S composition was found in three black inks, suggesting that the same lead components were employed in the manufacture of carbon-based inks. Bearing in mind that pigments such as red lead (Pb3O4) and lead white (hydrocerussite [Pb-3(CO3)(2)(OH)(2)] and/or cerussite [PbCO3]) were not detected, the results presented here suggest that the lead compound in the ink was used as a drier rather than as a pigment. Accordingly, the study calls for a reassessment of the composition of lead-based components in ancient Mediterranean pigments.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000590753400016	Publication Date	2020-10-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0027-8424; 1091-6490	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11.1	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 11.1; 2020 IF: 9.661
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:174323			Serial	8107
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	Author	Vincze, L.; Kukhlevsky, S.V.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Simulation of poly-capillary lenses for coherent and partially coherent x-rays			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2004	Publication	Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers T2 – Conference on Advances in Computational Methods for X-Ray and Neutron, Optics, AUG 03-05, 2004, Denver, CO	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	81-85
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The intensity distributions of the coherent and partially coherent x-rays passed through a poly-capillary lens have been computed at the focal plane. The computations showed that at the appropriate experimental conditions the interference phenomenon does affect the intensity distribution. In the case of the coherent input radiation with the photon energy of 0.1 keV, the interference fringes were observed, while the non-coherent x-ray radiation produced no interference-like intensity distributions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000225564800008	Publication Date	2004-11-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	5536	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0-8194-5474-5	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:103753			Serial	5832
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	Author	Herremans, D.; Cagno, S.; Vincke, A.; de Clercq, W.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Composition and state of alteration of 18th century glass from the Cistercian nunnery of Clairefontaine (Belgium)			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2012	Publication	Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers T2 – Conference on Integrated Approaches to the Study of Historical Glass, (IASHG), APR 16-17, 2012, Brussels, BELGIUM	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	842206-842211
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	An extended set of 18th century glass vessels was analyzed by means of SEM-EDX (major and minor element composition) The fragmented archaeological objects were recovered from a latrine belonging to the early 18th century building phase of the nunnery of Clairefontaine, near Arlon (B). On the basis of typology and decoration, the major part of the vessels could be dated around the middle of the 18th century. Variety in color and weathering of the glass suggest differences in glassmaking recipes and in the composition and origin of raw materials. The results of the analysis show how two main compositional groups constitute about 90% of the analyzed glass set, and these are constituted by potash glass (transparent beakers) and high lime low alkali glass (green bottles). Next to these, a few potash-lime and soda glasses are also found. The type of alteration has also a clear relation with the original glass composition.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000311900800006	Publication Date	2012-06-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	8422	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-0-8194-9104-6; 0277-786x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:110799			Serial	5537
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	Author	Cagno, S.; de Raedt, I.; Jeffries, T.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Composition of Facon de Venise glass from early 17th century London in comparison with luxury glass of the same age			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2012	Publication	Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers T2 – Conference on Integrated Approaches to the Study of Historical Glass, (IASHG), APR 16-17, 2012, Brussels, BELGIUM	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	842205-842212
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	SEM-EDX and LA-ICP-MS analyses were performed on a set of early 17th century London glass fragments. The samples originate from two archaeological sites (Aldgate and Old Broad Street) where glass workshops were active in this period. The great majority of the samples are made of soda glass. Two distinct compositional groups are observed, each typical of one site of provenance. The samples originating from the Old Broad Street excavation feature a silica-soda-lime composition, with a moderate amount of potash. The samples from Aldgate are richer in potassium and feature higher amounts of trace elements such as Rb, Zr and Cu. The distinction between the two groups stems from different flux and silica sources used for glassmaking. A comparison with different European glass compositions of that time reveals no resemblance with genuine Venetian production, yet the composition of the Old Broad Street glass shows a close similarity to that of fragments produced 'a la facon de Venise' in Antwerp at the end of the 16th century. This coincides with historical sources attesting the arrival of glassworkers from the Low Countries in England and suggests that a transfer of technology took place near the turn of the century.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000311900800005	Publication Date	2012-06-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	8422	Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-0-8194-9104-6; 0277-786x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:110142			Serial	5543
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	Author	Meulebroeck, W.; Baert, K.; Wouters, H.; Cosyns, P.; Ceglia, A.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K.; Nys, K.; Terryn, H.; Thienpont, H.
	Title	The identification of chromophores in ancient glass by the use of UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7726	Issue		Pages	77260d-12
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In this publication optical spectroscopy is considered to be a supplementary technique to study ancient colored glass. It results from a systematic study of the UV-VIS-NIR transmission spectra of intentionally colored glass fragments from various archaeological and historical sites and dated from the Roman period to the 21th century AD. The main goal consists of defining optical sensing parameters for this type of material. The considered colorants are iron, cobalt, manganese, copper and chromium. It is proved that many cases exist where optical spectroscopy can be seen as a straightforward, non-destructive, low-cost and in-situ applicable technique in identifying authentic material or to obtain information about the origin of the material. Possible sensing parameters are defined as the absence/presence of absorption bands characteristic for a specific coloring metal oxide and the spectral position of these bands. These parameters could reveal information about the applied furnace conditions and/or to the composition of the glass matrix. It is shown that the cobalt absorption band situated around 535 nm for soda rich glasses (Roman and industrial times) is shifted towards 526 nm for potash rich glasses (medieval and post-medieval times).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000285287900011	Publication Date	2010-04-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0277-786x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	10	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:111316			Serial	5650
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	Author	Terzano, R.; Denecke, M.A.; Falkenberg, G.; Miller, B.; Paterson, D.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Recent advances in analysis of trace elements in environmental samples by X-ray based techniques (IUPAC Technical Report)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Pure and applied chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Pure Appl Chem
	Volume	91	Issue	6	Pages	1029-1063
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Trace elements analysis is a fundamental challenge in environmental sciences. Scientists measure trace elements in environmental media in order to assess the quality and safety of ecosystems and to quantify the burden of anthropogenic pollution. Among the available analytical techniques, X-ray based methods are particularly powerful, as they can quantify trace elements in situ. Chemical extraction is not required, as is the case for many other analytical techniques. In the last few years, the potential for X-ray techniques to be applied in the environmental sciences has dramatically increased due to developments in laboratory instruments and synchrotron radiation facilities with improved sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this report, we summarize the principles of the X-ray based analytical techniques most frequently employed to study trace elements in environmental samples. We report on the most recent developments in laboratory and synchrotron techniques, as well as advances in instrumentation, with a special attention on X-ray sources, detectors, and optics. Lastly, we inform readers on recent applications of X-ray based analysis to different environmental matrices, such as soil, sediments, waters, wastes, living organisms, geological samples, and atmospheric particulate, and we report examples of sample preparation.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000471262400011	Publication Date	2019-05-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0033-4545	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.626	Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	; This document was developed as a part of IUPAC, Funder Id: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.13039/100006987, Project #2016-019-2-600 “Trace elements analysis of environmental samples with X-rays: from synchrotron to lab and from lab to synchrotron” led by Roberto Terzano (Task Group Chair). Task Group Members for this project were: Melissa Anne Denecke, Gerald Falkenberg, Armin Gross, Koen Janssens, Bradley Miller, David Paterson, Ryan Tappero, Fang-Jie Zhao. Their contribution to the project is gratefully acknowledged. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.626
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:161369			Serial	5803
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	Author	Steenackers, G.; Peeters, J.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Sublayer composition evaluation of Artwork using active thermography			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2018	Publication	Quantitative infrared thermography T2 – QIRT 2018 : 14th Quantitative InfraRed Thermography Conference	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	503-506
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Infrared artwork inspection is typically performed through active thermography and infrared reflectography (IRR) with different setups and cameras. While IRR is an established technique in the museum field, exploiting mainly the IR-A (0.7 – 1.4 mu m) band to probe for hidden layers and modifications within the paint stratigraphy system, active thermography operating in the IR-C range (3 -5 mu m) is less frequently employed with the aim to visualize structural defects and features deeper inside the build-up. In this work, we investigate the usability of an IR-B+C system to identify overpainted works of art below a relatively thick absorbing layer of lead white paint.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-3-940283-94-8	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; This research was funded by the University of Antwerp and the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (VLAIO) via support for the TETRA project, “SINT: Smart Integration of Numerical modeling and Thermal inspection,” project number HBC.2017.0032. The researchers received funding from the Antwerp University IOF-council through project PSID-34924 entitled “Fast Broadband Lock-In Thermography for Fragile Structures Using System Identification.” ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:153415			Serial	5854
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	Author	De Kerf, T.; Gestels, A.; Janssens, K.; Scheunders, P.; Steenackers, G.; Vanlanduit, S.
	Title	Quantitative detection of corrosion minerals in carbon steel using shortwave infrared hyperspectral imaging			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	RSC advances	Abbreviated Journal	Rsc Adv
	Volume	12	Issue	50	Pages	32775-32783
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Vision lab; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
	Abstract	This study presents a novel method for the detection and quantification of atmospheric corrosion products on carbon steel. Using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) in the short-wave infrared range (SWIR) (900-1700 nm), we are able to identify the most common corrosion minerals such as: alpha-FeO(OH) (goethite), gamma-FeO(OH) (lepidocrocite), and gamma-Fe2O3 (maghemite). Six carbon steel samples were artificially corroded in a salt spray chamber, each sample with a different duration (between 1 h and 120 hours). These samples were analysed by scanning X-ray diffraction (XRD) and also using a SWIR HSI system. The XRD data is used as baseline data. A random forest regression algorithm is used for training on the combined XRD and HSI data set. Using the trained model, we can predict the abundance map based on the HSI images alone. Several image correlation metrics are used to assess the similarity between the original XRD images and the HSI images. The overall abundance is also calculated and compared for XRD and HSI images. The analysis results show that we are able to obtain visually similar images, with error rates ranging from 3.27 to 13.37%. This suggests that hyperspectral imaging could be a viable tool for the study of corrosion minerals.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000885554600001	Publication Date	2022-11-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2046-2069	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	3.9	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.9
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:192085			Serial	7334
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	Author	Flynn, G.J.; Janssens, K.; Vekemans, B.; [et al.]
	Title	Elemental compositions of comet 81P/Wild 2 samples collected by Stardust			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2006	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	314	Issue	5806	Pages	1731-1735
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000242833600046	Publication Date	2006-12-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8075; 1095-9203	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	37.205	Times cited	174	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 37.205; 2006 IF: 30.028
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:61923			Serial	5603
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	Author	De Meyer, S.; Vanmeert, F.; Vertongen, R.; Van Loon, A.; Gonzalez, V.; Delaney, J.; Dooley, K.; Dik, J.; van der Snickt, G.; Vandivere, A.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction imaging reveals Vermeer's discriminating use of lead white pigments in Girl with a Pearl Earring			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Science Advances	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	5	Issue	8	Pages	eaax1975
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
	Abstract	Until the 19th century, lead white was the most important white pigment used in oil paintings. Lead white is typically composed of two crystalline lead carbonates: hydrocerussite [2PbCO(3)center dot Pb(OH)(2)] and cerussite (PbCO3). Depending on the ratio between hydrocerussite and cerussite, lead white can be classified into different subtypes, each with different optical properties. Current methods to investigate and differentiate between lead white subtypes involve invasive sampling on a microscopic scale, introducing problems of paint damage and representativeness. In this study, a 17th century painting Girl with a Pearl Earring (by Johannes Vermeer, c. 1665, collection of the Mauritshuis, NL) was analyzed with a recently developed mobile and noninvasive macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) scanner within the project Girl in the Spotlight. Four different subtypes of lead white were identified using XRPD imaging at the macroscopic and microscopic scale, implying that Vermeer was highly discriminatory in his use of lead white.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000491121200021	Publication Date	2019-08-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2375-2548	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	3	Open Access
	Notes	; K.J. wishes to thank the Research Council of the University of Antwerp for financial support through GOA project SolarPaint. Also, FWO, Brussels is acknowledged for financial support through grants G056619N and G054719N. The support of InterReg programme Smart*Light is appreciated. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:163815			Serial	5700
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	Author	van der Snickt, G.; Dooley, K.A.; Sanyova, J.; Dubois, H.; Delaney, J.K.; Gifford, E.M.; Legrand, S.; Laquiere, N.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Dual mode standoff imaging spectroscopy documents the painting process of the Lamb of God in the Ghent Altarpiece by J. and H. Van Eyck			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Science Advances	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	31	Pages	eabb3379
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
	Abstract	The ongoing conservation treatment program of the Ghent Altarpiece by Hubert and Jan Van Eyck, one of the iconic paintings of the west, has revealed that the designs of the paintings were changed several times, first by the original artists, and then during later restorations. The central motif, The Lamb of God, representing Christ, plays an essential iconographic role, and its depiction is important. Because of the prevalence of lead white, it was not possible to visualize the Van Eycks' original underdrawing of the Lamb, their design changes, and the overpaint by later restorers with a single spectral imaging modality. However, by using elemental (x-ray fluorescence) and molecular (infrared reflectance) imaging spectroscopies, followed by analysis of the resulting data cubes, the necessary chemical contrast could be achieved. In this way, the two complementary modalities provided a more complete picture of the development and changes made to the Lamb.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000556543100033	Publication Date	2020-07-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2375-2548	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.6	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; This research was part of the activities of the Chair on Advanced Imaging Techniques for the Arts, established by the Baillet Latour fund. In addition, it was supported by the Belgian Science Policy Office (Project MO/39/011) and the Gieskes-Strijbis fund. We are also indebted to the BOF-GOA SOLARPaint project of the University of Antwerp Research Council and to FWO (Brussels) projects G056619N and G054719N. J.K.D. and K.A.D. acknowledge support from the National Gallery of Art. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.6; 2020 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:171270			Serial	6494
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	Author	Monico, L.; Cartechini, L.; Rosi, F.; Chieli, A.; Grazia, C.; De Meyer, S.; Nuyts, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Cotte, M.; De Nolf, W.; Falkenberg, G.; Sandu, I.C.A.; Tveit, E.S.; Mass, J.; De Freitas, R.P.; Romani, A.; Miliani, C.
	Title	Probing the chemistry of CdS paints in The Scream by in situ noninvasive spectroscopies and synchrotron radiation x-ray techniques			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Science Advances	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	6	Issue	20	Pages	eaay3514
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The degradation of cadmium sulfide (CdS)-based oil paints is a phenomenon potentially threatening the iconic painting The Scream (ca. 1910) by Edvard Munch (Munch Museum, Oslo) that is still poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence for the presence of cadmium sulfate and sulfites as alteration products of the original CdS-based paint and explore the external circumstances and internal factors causing this transformation. Macroscale in situ noninvasive spectroscopy studies of the painting in combination with synchrotron-radiation x-ray microspectroscopy investigations of a microsample and artificially aged mock-ups show that moisture and mobile chlorine compounds are key factors for promoting the oxidation of CdS, while light (photodegradation) plays a less important role. Furthermore, under exposure to humidity, parallel/secondary reactions involving dissolution, migration through the paint, and recrystallization of water-soluble phases of the paint are associated with the formation of cadmium sulfates.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000533573300009	Publication Date	2020-05-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2375-2548	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.6	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; The research was financially supported by the European research project IPERION-CH, funded by the European Commission, H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015 (grant agreement no. 654028); the project AMIS, within the program Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018-2022 (funded by MIUR and University of Perugia); and the program “Ricerca di Base 2017” (funded by University of Perugia). S.D.M. and K.J. acknowledge the GOA Project SolarPaint from the University of Antwerp Research Council and projects G056619N and G054719N from FWO (Brussels). F.V. and K.J. acknowledge support from Interreg Project Smart*Light and thank BELSPO (Brussels) for financial support via FED-tWIN mandate PRF055. L.M. acknowledges the Erasmus+ program (Staff Mobility for training, A. Y. 2018 to 2019) of the European Commission. In situ noninvasive analyses were performed using the European MOLAB platform, which is financially supported by the European project IPERION-CH. For the beamtime grants received, the authors thank the ESRF-ID21 beamline (experiment nos. HG32, HG64, and HG95), DESY-P06 beamline, a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF (experiment nos. I-20130221 EC and I-20160126 EC), and the project CALIPSOplus under the Grant Agreement 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.6; 2020 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:169519			Serial	6585
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	Author	De Keyser, N.; Broers, F.; Vanmeert, F.; De Meyer, S.; Gabrieli, F.; Hermens, E.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Keune, K.
	Title	Reviving degraded colors of yellow flowers in 17th century still life paintings with macro- and microscale chemical imaging			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	Science Advances	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	8	Issue	23	Pages	1-12
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
	Abstract	Over time, artist pigments are prone to degradation, which can decrease the readability of the artwork or notably change the artist's intention. In this article, the visual implication of secondary degradation products in a degraded yellow rose in a still life painting by A. Mignon is discussed as a case study. A multimodal combination of chemical and optical imaging techniques, including noninvasive macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) and macroscopic x-ray fluorescence imaging, allowed us to gain a 3D understanding of the transformation of the original intended appearance of the rose into its current degraded state. MA-XRPD enabled us to precisely correlate in situ formed products with what is optically visible on the surface and demonstrated that the precipitated lead arsenates and arsenolite from the yellow pigment orpiment and the light-induced fading of an organic yellow lake irreversibly changed the artist's intentional light-shadow modeling.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000811556500011	Publication Date	2022-06-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2375-2548	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.6	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 13.6
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:189657			Serial	7205
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	Author	Broers, F.T.H.; Verslype, I.; Bossers, K.W.; Vanmeert, F.; Gonzalez, V.; Garrevoet, J.; van Loon, A.; va Duijn, E.; Krekeler, A.; De Keyser, N.; Steeman, I.; Noble, P.; Janssens, K.; Meirer, F.; Keune, K.
	Title	Correlated x-ray fluorescence and ptychographic nano-tomography on Rembrandt's The Night Watch reveals unknown lead “layer”			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2023	Publication	Science Advances	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	9	Issue	50	Pages	eadj9394-13
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
	Abstract	The Night Watch, one of the most famous masterpieces by Rembrandt, is the subject of a large research and conservation project. For the conservation treatment, it is of great importance to understand its current condition. Correlated nano-tomography using x-ray fluorescence and ptychography revealed a-so far unknown-lead-containing “layer”, which likely acts as a protective impregnation layer applied on the canvas before the quartz-clay ground was applied. This layer might explain the presence of lead soap protrusions in areas where no other lead components are present. In addition to the three-dimensional elemental mapping, ptychography visualizes and quantifies components not detectable by hard x-ray fluorescence such as the organic fraction and quartz. The first-time use of this combination of synchrotron-based techniques on a historic paint micro-sample shows it to be an important tool to better interpret the results of noninvasive imaging techniques operating on the macroscale.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	001142514700010	Publication Date	2023-12-15
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2375-2548	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	13.6	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 13.6; 2023 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:203849			Serial	9016
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	Author	Byrnes, I.; Lind, O.C.; Hansen, E.L.; Janssens, K.; Salbu, B.
	Title	Characterization of radioactive particles from the Dounreay nuclear reprocessing facility			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Science Of The Total Environment	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Total Environ
	Volume	727	Issue		Pages	138488-12
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Radioactive particles originating from nuclear fuel reprocessing at the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority's Dounreay Facility were inadvertently released to the environment in the late 1950s to 1970s and have subsequently been found on site grounds and local beaches. Previous assessments of risk associated with encountering a particle have been based on conservative assumptions related to particle composition and speciation. To reduce uncertainties associated with environmental impact assessments from Dounreay particles, further characterization is relevant. Results of particles available for this study showed variation between Dounreay Fast Reactor (DFR) and Materials Test Reactor (MTR) particles, reflecting differences in fuel design, release scenarios, and subsequent environmental influence. Analyses of DFR particles showed they are small (100-300 mu m) and contain spatially correlated U and Nb. Molybdenum, part of the DFR fuel, was identified at atomic concentrations below 1%. Based on SR-based micrometer-scale X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure spectroscopy (mu-XANES), U may be present as U (IV), and, based on a measured Nb/U atom ratio of similar to 2, stoichiometric considerations are commensurable with the presence of UNb2O7. The MTR particles were larger (740-2000 mu m) and contained U and Al inhomogeneously distributed. Neodymium (Nd) was identified in atomic concentrations of around 1-2%, suggesting it was part of the fuel design. The presence of U(IV) in MTR particles, as indicated by mu-XANES analysis, may be related to oxidation of particle surfaces, as could be expected due to corrosion of UAlx fuel particles in air. High U-235/U-238 atom ratios in individual DFR (3.2 +/- 0.8) and MTR (2.6 +/- 0.4) particles reflected the presence of highly enriched uranium. The DFR particles featured lower Cs-137 activity levels (2.00-9.58 kBq/particle) than the MTR (43.2-641 kBq Cs-137/particle) particles. The activities of the dose contributing radionuclides Sr-90/Y-90 were proportional to Cs-137 (Sr-90/Cs-137 activity ratio approximate to 0.8) and particle activities were roughly proportional to the size. Based on direct beta measurements, gamma spectrometry, and the VARSKIN6 model, contact dose rates were calculated to be approximately 74 mGy/h for the highest activity MTR particle, in agreement with previously published estimates. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000537414400014	Publication Date	2020-04-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0048-9697	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.8	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; This study has been funded by the Research Council of Norway through its Centre of Excellence (CoE) funding scheme (Project No. 223268/F50). The authors are grateful to the Scottish Environmental Protection Agency for providing the samples examined in this study and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) for granting beamtime at HASYLAB BL. The authors would like to thank Prof. D.H. Oughton for fruitful discussions on dosimetry, Dr. K. Proost for assistance with micro-XANES measurements, Dr. T. Gavfert for assistance with calibration of the Canberra SPAB15 instrument, and Dr. E. Reinoso-Maset for support on the Bruker M4 Tornado mu-XRF. The authors also thank Karl Andreas Jensen for guidance and support on ICP-MS. Finally, the authors express gratitude to Dr. D. Hamby and the RAMP organization for providing access to the VARSKIN6 code. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.8; 2020 IF: 4.9
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:170154			Serial	6467
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	Author	Anitha, A.; Brasoveanu, A.; Duarte, M.; Hughes, S.; Daubechies, I.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K.; Alfeld, M.
	Title	Restoration of X-ray fluorescence images of hidden paintings			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Signal processing	Abbreviated Journal	Signal Process
	Volume	93	Issue	3	Pages	592-604
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	This paper describes our methods for repairing and restoring images of hidden paintings (paintings that have been painted over and are now covered by a new surface painting) that have been obtained via noninvasive X-ray fluorescence imaging of their canvases. This recently developed imaging technique measures the concentrations of various chemical elements at each two-dimensional spatial location across the canvas. These concentrations in turn result from pigments present both in the surface painting and in the hidden painting beneath. These X-ray fluorescence images provide the best available data from which to noninvasively study a hidden painting. However, they are typically marred by artifacts of the imaging process, features of the surface painting, and areas of information loss. Repairing and restoring these images thus consists of three stages: (1) repairing acquisition artifacts in the dataset, (2) removal of features in the images that result from the surface painting rather than the hidden painting, and (3) identification and repair of areas of information loss. We describe methods we have developed to address each of these stages: a total-variation minimization approach to artifact correction, a novel method for underdetermined blind source separation with multimodal side information to address surface feature removal, and two application-specific new methods for automatically identifying particularly thick or X-ray absorbent surface features in the painting. Finally, we demonstrate the results of our methods on a hidden painting by the artist Vincent van Gogh. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000312521400007	Publication Date	2012-10-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0165-1684	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.11	Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes	; Marco F. Duarte was supported during this research by NSF Supplemental Funding DMS-0439872 to UCLA-IPAM, PI: R. Caflisch. Matthias Alfeld receives support in the form of a Ph.D. fellowship of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). This research was also supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.11; 2013 IF: 2.238
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:105921			Serial	5817
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	Author	Schalm, O.; Caluwé, D.; Wouters, H.; Janssens, K.; Verhaeghe, F.; Pieters, M.
	Title	Chemical composition and deterioration of glass excavated in the 15th-16th century fishermen town of Raversijde (Belgium)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part A: molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta A
	Volume	59	Issue		Pages	1647-1656
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The chemical composition, as determined by electron probe X-ray microanalysis of a series of ca. 100 archaeological glass fragments, excavated at the Raversijde site (Belgium) is discussed. In the 15th-16th century, Raversijde was a flourishing fishermen town located on the shore of the North Sea, close to the city of Ostend. As a consequence of several battles that were fought in its vicinity, the site was abandoned in the 16th century and was not occupied since then. It is one of the rare archaeological sites in Europe that contains a significant amount of information on the daily life inside a small but affluent medieval community. A comparison of the chemical composition of fragments of vessels and window glass encountered in Raversijde to those found in urban centres in Belgium and to literature date on German and French archaeological finds shows that glass made with wood ash dominates. Usually, it concerns artifacts with a predominantly utilitarian use. A few objects made with sodic (i.e., Na-rich) glass were also encountered, likely to have been imported from Venice during the 15th century or in later periods from an urban centre such as Antwerp, where Facon-de-Venice glass manufacturing activities were established near the start of the 16th century. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000224848000021	Publication Date	2004-10-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1386-1425	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.536	Times cited	26	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.536; 2004 IF: 1.188
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:49011			Serial	5512
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	Author	Janssens, K.; Proost, K.; Falkenberg, G.
	Title	Confocal microscopic X-ray fluorescence at the HASYLAB microfocus beamline: characteristics and possibilities			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part A: molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta A
	Volume	59	Issue		Pages	1637-1645
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000224848000020	Publication Date	2004-10-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1386-1425	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.536	Times cited	102	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.536; 2004 IF: 1.188
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:49010			Serial	5555
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	Author	van Grieken, R.; Bogaerts, A.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Editorial			Type	Editorial
	Year	2006	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part A: molecular spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta A
	Volume	64	Issue	5	Pages	1089
	Keywords	Editorial; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000240093100001	Publication Date	2006-07-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1386-1425;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	2.536	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.536; 2006 IF: 1.270
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:58915			Serial	788
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	Author	Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Wouters, H.; Caluwé, D.
	Title	Composition of 12-18th century window glass in Belgium : non-figurative windows in secular buildings and stained-glass windows in religious buildings			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy T2 – 18th International Congress on X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis, September 25-30, 2005, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Frascati, Italy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta B
	Volume	62	Issue	6-7	Pages	663-668
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A set of ca. 500 window glass fragments originating from different historical sites in Belgium and covering the period 12(th)- 18(th) century was analyzed by rneans of electron probe microanalysis. Most samples are archaeological finds deriving from non-figurative windows in secular buildings. However. the analyzed set also contains glass sampled from still existing non-figurative windows in secular buildings and stained-glass windows in religious buildings. A sudden compositional change at the end of the 14(th) century can be noticed among the series of glass compositions that were obtained. These changes could be related to the use of different glassmaker recipes and to the introduction of new raw materials for glass making. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000249213700026	Publication Date	2007-03-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547; 0038-6987	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.241	Times cited	50	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.241; 2007 IF: 2.957
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:102662			Serial	5538
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	Author	Bogaerts, A.; Janssens, K.; van Grieken, R.
	Title	Colloquium Spectroscopicum Internationale 34, Antwerp (Belgium), 4-9 September 2005: preface			Type	Editorial
	Year	2006	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta B
	Volume	61	Issue	4	Pages	373-374
	Keywords	Editorial; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000238887600001	Publication Date	2006-06-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.241	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.241; 2006 IF: 3.092
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:58859			Serial	393
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	Author	Schalm, O.; van der Linden, V.; Frederickx, P.; Luyten, S.; van der Snickt, G.; Caen, J.; Schryvers, D.; Janssens, K.; Cornelis, E.; van Dyck, D.; Schreiner, M.
	Title	Enamels in stained glass windows: preparation, chemical composition, microstructure and causes of deterioration			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta B
	Volume	64	Issue	8	Pages	812-820
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Vision lab
	Abstract	Stained glass windows incorporating dark blue and purple enamel paint layers are in some cases subject to severe degradation while others from the same period survived the ravages of time. A series of dark blue, greenblue and purple enamel glass paints from the same region (Northwestern Europe) and from the same period (16early 20th centuries) has been studied by means of a combination of microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis, electron probe micro analysis and transmission electron microscopy with the aim of better understanding the causes of the degradation. The chemical composition of the enamels diverges from the average chemical composition of window glass. Some of the compositions appear to be unstable, for example those with a high concentration of K2O and a low content of CaO and PbO. In other cases, the deterioration of the paint layers was caused by the less than optimal vitrification of the enamel during the firing process. Recipes and chemical compositions indicate that glassmakers of the 1617th century had full control over the color of the enamel glass paints they made. They mainly used three types of coloring agents, based on Co (dark blue), Mn (purple) and Cu (light-blue or greenblue) as coloring elements. Bluepurple enamel paints were obtained by mixing two different coloring agents. The coloring agent for redpurple enamel, introduced during the 19th century, was colloidal gold embedded in grains of lead glass.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Oxford	Editor
	Language		Wos	000269995300018	Publication Date	2009-06-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.241	Times cited	28	Open Access
	Notes	Iuap Vi/6; Fwo; Goa			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.241; 2009 IF: 2.719
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:79647			Serial	1035
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	Author	Aerts, A.; Janssens, K.; Velde, B.; Dijkman, W.
	Title	Change in silica sources in Roman and post Roman glass			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2003	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta B
	Volume	58	Issue	4	Pages	659-667
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000182744200009	Publication Date	2003-04-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547; 0038-6987	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.241	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.241; 2003 IF: 2.361
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:41207			Serial	5499
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	Author	Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Caen, J.
	Title	Characterization of the main causes of deterioration of grisaille paint layers in 19th C. stained-glass windows by J.-B. Capronnier			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2003	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta B
	Volume	58	Issue	4	Pages	589-607
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Twenty-seven glass fragments containing dark coloured grisaille paint layers of different qualities were collected from ten windows of the cathedral St. Michael & St. Gudule in Brussels (Belgium). The windows were made by J.-B. Capronnier (18141891) and cover the period between 1843 and 1878. The samples were cross-sectioned and examined in an electron microscope. Grisaille paint layers are not homogeneous and therefore, it is not meaningful to characterize them in terms of their average composition. Instead, parameters such as granularity, the number of residual gas bubbles per running millimetre of paint, the type of pigments, and the thickness of the paint layer were used to characterize them. The microscopic morphology allows a classification of the grisaille paint layers in four groups, every group associated with a quality level. Moreover, the main causes of the accelerated degradation of some of these paint layers could be explained. The classification made it possible to distinguish two periods in the work of Capronnier: (1) the early period (18431848) is characterized by the presence of either single granular paint layers or of double-layered systems consisting of a granular paint layer on top of a well-melted paint layer. The granular grisaille paint layers tend to pulverize; (2) the later period (18481878) is characterized by the presence of only well-vitrified paint layers. No sign of deterioration was found on the well-vitrified paint layers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000182744200002	Publication Date	2003-04-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547; 0038-6987	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.241	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.241; 2003 IF: 2.361
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:41208			Serial	5505
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	Author	Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.
	Title	A flexible and accurate quantification algorithm for EPXMA based on thin-film element yields			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2003	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta B
	Volume	58	Issue	4	Pages	669-680
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000182744200010	Publication Date	2003-04-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547; 0038-6987	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.241	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.241; 2003 IF: 2.361
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:41205			Serial	5623
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Vincze, L.; Janssens, K.; Adams, F.
	Title	A general Monte-Carlo simulation of energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometers : 1 : unpolarized radiation, homogenious samples			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	1993	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	48	Issue	4	Pages	553-573
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	A general Monte Carlo program for the simulation of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers is presented. The global layout of the program is discussed and the way in which variance reduction techniques have been employed to improve the efficiency of the code is described. For the case of polychromatic excitation in a direct excitation energy-dispersive (ED) XRF instrument, experimentally collected ED-XRF spectra are compared with simulated spectral distributions. Applications of the software in the field of quantitative analysis and thickness estimation of samples of intermediate thickness illustrate the potential of the method.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	A1993KY21500006	Publication Date	2002-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547; 0038-6987	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:6118			Serial	5632
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Somogyi, A.; Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Rindby, A.; Adams, F.
	Title	Interpretation and use of inter-element correlation graphs obtained by scanning X-ray fluorescence micro-beam spectrometry from individual particles: part 1: theory			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2000	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta B
	Volume	55	Issue		Pages	75-89
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000085660100006	Publication Date	2002-07-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547; 0038-6987	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.241	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.241; 2000 IF: 2.608
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:27562			Serial	5667
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Somogyi, A.; Janssens, K.; Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Rindby, A.; Adams, F.
	Title	Interpretation and use of inter-element correlation graphs obtained by scanning X-ray fluorescence micro-beam spectrometry from individual particles: part 2: application			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2000	Publication	Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Spectrochim Acta B
	Volume	55	Issue		Pages	1039-1049
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000088353100033	Publication Date	2002-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0584-8547; 0038-6987	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.241	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.241; 2000 IF: 2.608
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:31700			Serial	5668
Permanent link to this record