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	Author	Zhong, Z.; Aveyard, R.; Rieger, B.; Bals, S.; Palenstijn, W.J.; Batenburg, K.J.
	Title	Automatic correction of nonlinear damping effects in HAADF-STEM tomography for nanomaterials of discrete compositions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	184	Issue	184	Pages	57-65
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	<script type='text/javascript'>document.write(unpmarked('HAADF-STEM tomography is a common technique for characterizing the three-dimensional morphology of nanomaterials. In conventional tomographic reconstruction algorithms, the image intensity is assumed to be a linear projection of a physical property of the specimen. However, this assumption of linearity is not completely valid due to the nonlinear damping of signal intensities. The nonlinear damping effects increase w.r.t the specimen thickness and lead to so-called \u0022cupping artifacts\u0022, due to a mismatch with the linear model used in the reconstruction algorithm. Moreover, nonlinear damping effects can strongly limit the applicability of advanced reconstruction approaches such as Total Variation Minimization and discrete tomography. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for automatically correcting the nonlinear effects and the subsequent cupping artifacts. It is applicable to samples in which chemical compositions can be segmented based on image gray levels. The correction is realized by iteratively estimating the nonlinear relationship between projection intensity and sample thickness, based on which the projections are linearized. The correction and reconstruction algorithms are tested on simulated and experimental data. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.'));
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000417779800008	Publication Date	2017-10-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	8	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; This research is supported by the Dutch Technology Foundation STW (http:// www.stw.nl/), which is part of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), and which is partly funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation under project number 13314. Funding from the European Research Council (Starting grant no. COLOURATOMS 335078) is acknowledged by S. Bals. The authors would like to thank Dr. Thomas Altantzis and Dr. Bart Goris for providing the experimental data, and Prof. Dr. Luis M. Liz-Marzan for providing the investigated samples. ; ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:148501UA @ admin @ c:irua:148501			Serial	4867
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	Author	Van Goethem, C.; Verbeke, R.; Pfanmoeller, M.; Koschine, T.; Dickmann, M.; Timpel-Lindner, T.; Egger, W.; Bals, S.; Vankelecom, I.F.J.
	Title	The role of MOFs in Thin-Film Nanocomposite (TFN) membranes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Journal of membrane science	Abbreviated Journal	J Membrane Sci
	Volume	563	Issue	563	Pages	938-948
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Incorporation of MOFs in interfacially polymerized Thin-Film Nanocomposite (TFN) membranes has widely been shown to result in increased membrane performance. However, the exact functioning of these membranes is poorly understood as large variability in permeance increase, filler incorporation and rejection changes can be observed in literature. The synthesis and functioning of TFN membranes (herein exemplified by ZIF-8 filled polyamide (PA) membranes prepared via the EFP method) was investigated via targeted membrane synthesis and thorough characterization via STEM-EDX, XRD and PALS. It is hypothesized that the acid generated during the interfacial polymerization (IP) at least partially degrades the crystalline, acid-sensitive ZIF-8 and that this influences the membrane formation (through so-called secondary effects, i.e. not strictly linked to the pore morphology of the MOF). Nanoscale HAADF-STEM imaging and STEM-EDX Zn-mapping revealed no ZIF-8 particles but rather the presence of randomly shaped regions with elevated Zn-content. Also XRD failed to show the presence of crystalline areas in the composite PA films. As the addition of the acid-quenching TEA led to an increase in the diffraction signal observed in XRD, the role of the acid was confirmed. The separate addition of dissolved Zn2+ to the synthesis of regular TFC membranes showed an increase in permeance while losing some salt retention, similar to observations regularly made for TFN membranes. While the addition of a porous material to a TFC membrane is a straightforward concept, all obtained results indicate that the synthesis and performance of such composite membranes is often more complex than commonly accepted.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000441897200099	Publication Date	2018-06-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0376-7388	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.035	Times cited	84	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; C.V.G. and R.V. kindly acknowledge respectively the Flemish Agency for Innovation through Science and Technology (IWT) (IWT, 141697) and the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO, 1500917N) for a PhD scholarship. The authors kindly acknowledge funding from KU Leuven through C16/17/005 and from the Belgian Federal Government through IAP 6/27 Functional Supramolecular systems. S.B. and M.P. acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOM). M.P. acknowledges funding from the European Union (ESTEEM2, No. 312483) and the HEiKA centre FunTECH-3D (Ministry of Science, Research and Art Baden-Wurttemberg, AZ: 33-753-30-20/3/3). The MLZ-Garching is kindly acknowledged for providing access to the NEPOMUC facilities (project no 11541). ; ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.035
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:153618UA @ admin @ c:irua:153618			Serial	5132
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	Author	van der Graaf, W.N.P.; Tempelman, C.H.L.; Hendriks, F.C.; Ruiz-Martinez, J.; Bals, S.; Weckhuysen, B.M.; Pidko, E.A.; Hensen, E.J.M.
	Title	Deactivation of Sn-Beta during carbohydrate conversion			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Applied catalysis : A : general	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal A-Gen
	Volume	564	Issue	564	Pages	113-122
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The deactivation of Sn-Beta zeolite catalyst during retro-aldolization and isomerization of glucose is investigated. Confocal fluorescence microscopy reveals that retro-aldolization of glucose in CH3OH at 160 degrees C is accompanied with the build-up of insoluble oligomeric deposits in the micropores, resulting in a rapid catalyst deactivation. These deposits accumulate predominantly in the outer regions of the zeolite crystals, which points to mass transport limitations. Glucose isomerization in water is not only accompanied by the formation of insoluble deposits in the micropores, but also by the structural degradation of the zeolite due to desilication and destannation. Enhanced and sustained catalytic performance can be achieved by using ethanol/water mixtures as the reaction solvent instead of water.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000443669800012	Publication Date	2018-07-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0926-860x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.339	Times cited	25	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; This work was performed in the framework of the CatchBio programme and the Joint Scientific Thematic Research Programme funded by the The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology. J.R.M. acknowledges the Dutch Science Foundation (NWO) for his personal VENI grant. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.339
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:153715UA @ admin @ c:irua:153715			Serial	5088
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	Author	Batenburg, K.J.; Bals, S.; Sijbers, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	DART explained: how to carry out a discrete tomography reconstruction			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2008	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	295-296
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	978-3-540-85154-7	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:77914			Serial	606
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	Author	Lisiecki, I.; Turner, S.; Bals, S.; Pileni, M.P.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Enhanced stability against oxidation due to 2D self-organisation of hcp cobalt nanocrystals			Type	H1 Book chapter
	Year	2008	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	273-274
	Keywords	H1 Book chapter; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-540-85226-1	Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87610			Serial	1055
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	Author	Salluzzo, M.; Aruta, C.; Maggio-Aprile, I.; Fischer, Ø.; Bals, S.; Zegenhagen, J.
	Title	Growth of R_1+xBa_2-xCu₃O_7-\delta epitaxial films investigated by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2001	Publication	Physica status solidi: A: applied research	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Status Solidi A
	Volume	186	Issue	3	Pages	339-364
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The problem of the epitaxial growth of the high temperature superconducting R1+xBa2xCu3O7δ (R = Y or rare earth except Ce and Tb) films has been addressed. Using in situ ultra high vacuum Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (UHV-STM) we have studied the role of cationic substitution and substrate mismatch on the growth mode of stoichiometric and Nd-rich Nd1+xBa2xCu3O7δ thin films. The results are compared to the growth of Y1Ba2Cu3O7δ, Dy1Ba2Cu3O7δ and Gd1Ba2Cu3O7δ epitaxial films. Two main phenomena are investigated: a) the first stage of the direct nucleation on the substrate and b) the crossover between 2D and 3D growth upon increasing the film thickness. At the first stage of the growth, pseudo-cubic perovskite (Re,Ba)CuO3 nuclei are formed. While they disappear after the growth of a few nm in stoichiometric films, they persist on the surface of Nd-rich films of up to 110 nm thickness. Stoichiometric R1+xBa2xCu3O7δ films exhibit a rough morphology with increasing thickness due to island growth mode, whereas Nd-rich films remain smooth and continue to grow layer by layer. It is proposed that linear defects (like anti-phase boundaries), which are formed due to the misalignment of growth fronts, are the source of screw dislocations in stoichiometric films. In Nd-rich films, linear defects are eliminated through the insertion of (Nd,Ba)CuO3 extra layers without introduction of any screw dislocations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos	000170844500002	Publication Date	2004-11-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0031-8965;1521-396X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	17	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87587			Serial	1398
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	Author	Van Aert, S.; Bals, S.; Chang, L.Y.; den Dekker, A.J.; Kirkland, A.I.; Van Dyck, D.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	The benefits of statistical parameter estimation theory for quantitative interpretation of electron microscopy data			Type	H1 Book chapter
	Year	2008	Publication		Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	97-98
	Keywords	H1 Book chapter; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer	Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2009-03-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-540-85154-7	Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:136865			Serial	4493
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	Author	Molina, L.; Tan, H.; Biermans, E.; Batenburg, K.J.; Verbeeck, J.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Barrier efficiency of sponge-like La₂Zr₂O₇ buffer layers for YBCO-coated conductors			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Superconductor science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Supercond Sci Tech
	Volume	24	Issue	6	Pages	065019-065019,8
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Solution derived La2Zr2O7 films have drawn much attention for potential applications as thermal barriers or low-cost buffer layers for coated conductor technology. Annealing and coating parameters strongly affect the microstructure of La2Zr2O7, but different film processing methods can yield similar microstructural features such as nanovoids and nanometer-sized La2Zr2O7 grains. Nanoporosity is a typical feature found in such films and the implications for the functionality of the films are investigated by a combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and quantitative electron tomography. Chemical solution based La2Zr2O7 films deposited on flexible Ni5 at.%W substrates with a {100}lang001rang biaxial texture were prepared for an in-depth characterization. A sponge-like structure composed of nanometer-sized voids is revealed by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy in combination with electron tomography. A three-dimensional quantification of nanovoids in the La2Zr2O7 film is obtained on a local scale. Mostly non-interconnected highly faceted nanovoids compromise more than one-fifth of the investigated sample volume. The diffusion barrier efficiency of a 170 nm thick La2Zr2O7 film is investigated by STEM-EELS, yielding a 1.8 ± 0.2 nm oxide layer beyond which no significant nickel diffusion can be detected and intermixing is observed. This is of particular significance for the functionality of YBa2Cu3O7 − δ coated conductor architectures based on solution derived La2Zr2O7 films as diffusion barriers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000290472900021	Publication Date	2011-04-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0953-2048;1361-6668;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.878	Times cited	31	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.878; 2011 IF: 2.662
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88639UA @ admin @ c:irua:88639			Serial	221
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	Author	Wang, H.; Picot, T.; Houben, K.; Moorkens, T.; Grigg, J.; Van Haesendonck, C.; Biermans, E.; Bals, S.; Brown, S.A.; Vantomme, A.; Temst, K.; Van Bael, M.J.;
	Title	The superconducting proximity effect in epitaxial Al/Pb nanocomposites			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Superconductor science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Supercond Sci Tech
	Volume	27	Issue	1	Pages	015008-8
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We have investigated the superconducting properties of Pb nanoparticles with a diameter ranging from 8 to 20 nm, synthesized by Pb+ ion implantation in a crystalline Al matrix. A detailed structural characterization of the nanocomposites reveals the highly epitaxial relation between the Al crystalline matrix and the Pb nanoparticles. The Al/Pb nanocomposites display a single superconducting transition, with the critical temperature T-c increasing with the Pb content. The dependence of T-c on the Pb/Al volume ratio was compared with theoretical models of the superconducting proximity effect based on the bulk properties of Al and Pb. A very good correspondence with the strong-coupling proximity effect model was found, with an electron-phonon coupling constant in the Pb nanoparticles slightly reduced compared to bulk Pb. Our result differs from other studies on Pb nanoparticle based proximity systems where weak-coupling models were found to better describe the T-c dependence. We infer that the high interface quality resulting from the ion implantation synthesis method is a determining factor for the superconducting properties. Critical field and critical current measurements support the high quality of the nanocomposite superconducting films.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000328275000010	Publication Date	2013-11-28
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0953-2048;1361-6668;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.878	Times cited	2	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; This work was supported by the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), the KU Leuven BOF Concerted Research Action programs (GOA/09/006, the KU Leuven BOF CREA/12/015 project, and GOA/14/007) and the EU FP7 program SPIRIT (227012). TP and KH are postdoctoral research fellow and doctoral fellow of the FWO. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.878; 2014 IF: 2.325
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:112833			Serial	3599
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	Author	Venturi, F.; Calizzi, M.; Bals, S.; Perkisas, T.; Pasquini, L.
	Title	Self-assembly of gas-phase synthesized magnesium nanoparticles on room temperature substrates			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Materials research express	Abbreviated Journal	Mater Res Express
	Volume	2	Issue	2	Pages	015007
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Magnesium nanoparticles (NPs) with initial size in the 10-50 nmrange were synthesized by inert gas condensation under helium flow and deposited on room temperature substrates. The morphology and crystal structure of the NPs ensemble were investigated as a function of the deposition time by complementary electron microscopy techniques, including high resolution imaging and chemical mapping. With increasing amount of material, strong coarsening phenomena were observed at room temperature: small NPs disappeared while large faceted NPs developed, leading to a 5-fold increase of the average NPs size within a few minutes. The extent of coarsening and the final morphology depended also on the nature of the substrate. Furthermore, large single-crystal NPs were seen to arise from the self-organization of primary NPs units, providing a mechanism for crystal growth. The dynamics of the self-assembly process involves the basic steps of NPs sticking, diffusion on substrate, coordinated rotation and attachment/coalescence. Key features are the surface energy anisotropy, reflected by the faceted shape of the NPs, and the low melting point of the material. The observed phenomena have strong implications in relation to the synthesis and stability of nanostructures based on Mg or other elements with similar features.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	IOP Publishing	Place of Publication	Bristol	Editor
	Language		Wos	000369978500007	Publication Date	2014-12-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2053-1591	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.068	Times cited	14	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; Financial support by COST Action MP1103 'Nanostructured Materials for Solid-State Hydrogen Storage' is gratefully acknowledged. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.068; 2015 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:132275			Serial	4240
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	Author	Dendooven, J.; Devloo-Casier, K.; Ide, M.; Grandfield; Kurttepeli; Ludwig, K.F.; Bals, S.; Van der Voort, P.; Detavernier, C.
	Title	Atomic layer deposition-based tuning of the pore size in mesoporous thin films studied by in situ grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	6	Issue	24	Pages	14991-14998
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Atomic layer deposition (ALD) enables the conformal coating of porous materials, making the technique suitable for pore size tuning at the atomic level, e.g., for applications in catalysis, gas separation and sensing. It is, however, not straightforward to obtain information about the conformality of ALD coatings deposited in pores with diameters in the low mesoporous regime (<10 nm). In this work, it is demonstrated that in situ synchrotron based grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) can provide valuable information on the change in density and internal surface area during ALD of TiO2 in a porous titania film with small mesopores (3-8 nm). The results are shown to be in good agreement with in situ X-ray fluorescence data representing the evolution of the amount of Ti atoms deposited in the porous film. Analysis of both datasets indicates that the minimum pore diameter that can be achieved by ALD is determined by the size of the Ti-precursor molecule.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000345458200051	Publication Date	2014-10-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364;2040-3372;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	41	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	239865 Cocoon; 335078 Colouratom; Fwo; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367; 2014 IF: 7.394
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:122227			Serial	169
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	Author	Schouteden, K.; Zeng, Y.-J.; Lauwaet, K.; Romero, C.P.; Goris, B.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Lievens, P.; Van Haesendonck, C.
	Title	Band structure quantization in nanometer sized ZnO clusters			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	5	Issue	9	Pages	3757-3763
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Nanometer sized ZnO clusters are produced in the gas phase and subsequently deposited on clean Au(111) surfaces under ultra-high vacuum conditions. The zinc blende atomic structure of the approximately spherical ZnO clusters is resolved by high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. The large band gap and weak n-type conductivity of individual clusters are determined by scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy at cryogenic temperatures. The conduction band is found to exhibit clear quantization into discrete energy levels, which can be related to finite-size effects reflecting the zero-dimensional confinement. Our findings illustrate that gas phase cluster production may provide unique possibilities for the controlled fabrication of high purity quantum dots and heterostructures that can be size selected prior to deposition on the desired substrate under controlled ultra-high vacuum conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000317859400026	Publication Date	2013-03-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364;2040-3372;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes	FWO; Hercules; COUNTATOMS			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367; 2013 IF: 6.739
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108518			Serial	219
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	Author	Mourdikoudis, S.; Chirea, M.; Altantzis, T.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Perez-Juste, J.; Silva, F.; Bals, S.; Liz-Marzan, L.M.
	Title	Dimethylformamide-mediated synthesis of water-soluble platinum nanodendrites for ethanol oxidation electrocatalysis			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	5	Issue	11	Pages	4776-4784
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Herein we describe the synthesis of water-soluble platinum nanodendrites in dimethylformamide (DMF), in the presence of polyethyleneimine (PEI) as a stabilizing agent. The average size of the dendrites is in the range of 20-25 nm while their porosity can be tuned by modifying the concentration of the metal precursor. Electron tomography revealed different crystalline orientations of nanocrystallites in the nanodendrites and allowed a better understanding of their peculiar branching and porosity. The high surface area of the dendrites (up to 22 m(2) g(-1)) was confirmed by BET measurements, while X-ray diffraction confirmed the abundance of high-index facets in the face-centered-cubic crystal structure of Pt. The prepared nanodendrites exhibit excellent performance in the electrocatalytic oxidation of ethanol in alkaline solution. Sensing, selectivity, cycleability and great tolerance toward poisoning were demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry measurements.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000319008700028	Publication Date	2013-04-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364;2040-3372;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	50	Open Access
	Notes	Esf; 262348 Esmi			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367; 2013 IF: 6.739
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109060			Serial	705
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	Author	Mourdikoudis, S.; Chirea, M.; Zanaga, D.; Altantzis, T.; Mitrakas, M.; Bals, S.; Marzán, L.M.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.
	Title	Governing the morphology of PtAu heteronanocrystals with improved electrocatalytic performance			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	7	Issue	7	Pages	8739-8747
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Platinumgold heteronanostructures comprising either dimer (PtAu) or coresatellite (Pt@Au) configurations were synthesized by means of a seeded growth procedure using platinum nanodendrites as seeds. Careful control of the reduction kinetics of the gold precursor can be used to direct the nucleation and growth of gold nanoparticles on either one or multiple surface sites simultaneously, leading to the formation of either dimers or coresatellite nanoparticles, respectively, in high yields. Characterization by electron tomography and high resolution electron microscopy provided a better understanding of the actual three-dimensional particle morphology, as well as the AuPt interface, revealing quasi-epitaxial growth of Au on Pt. The prepared PtAu bimetallic nanostructures are highly efficient catalysts for ethanol oxidation in alkaline solution, showing accurate selectivity, high sensitivity, and improved efficiency by generating higher current densities than their monometallic counterparts.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000354204400011	Publication Date	2015-03-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364;2040-3372;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	41	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	335078 Colouratom; 262348 Esmi; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367; 2015 IF: 7.394
	Call Number	c:irua:126354			Serial	1360
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	Author	Aerts, A.; Follens, L.R.A.; Biermans, E.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Loppinet, B.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.; Martens, J.A.
	Title	Modelling of synchrotron SAXS patterns of silicalite-1 zeolite during crystallization			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Physical chemistry, chemical physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Chem Chem Phys
	Volume	13	Issue	10	Pages	4318-4325
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to characterize silicalite-1 zeolite crystallization from TEOS/TPAOH/water clear sol. SAXS patterns were recorded over a broad range of length scales, enabling the simultaneous monitoring of nanoparticles and crystals occurring at various stages of the synthesis. A simple two-population model accurately described the patterns. Nanoparticles were modeled by polydisperse coreshell spheres and crystals by monodisperse oblate ellipsoids. These models were consistent with TEM images. The SAXS results, in conjunction with in situ light scattering, showed that nucleation of crystals occurred in a short period of time. Crystals were uniform in size and shape and became increasingly anisotropic during growth. In the presence of nanoparticles, crystal growth was fast. During crystal growth, the number of nanoparticles decreased gradually but their size was constant. These observations suggested that the nanoparticles were growth units in an aggregative crystal growth mechanism. Crystals grown in the presence of nanoparticles developed a faceted habit and intergrowths. In the final stages of growth, nanoparticles were depleted. Concurrently, the crystal growth rate decreased significantly.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000287584700017	Publication Date	2011-01-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1463-9076;1463-9084;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.123	Times cited	22	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap; Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.123; 2011 IF: 3.573
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87602			Serial	2155
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	Author	Deng, S.; Kurttepeli, M.; Cott, D.J.; Bals, S.; Detavernier, C.
	Title	Porous nanostructured metal oxides synthesized through atomic layer deposition on a carbonaceous template followed by calcination			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Journal of materials chemistry A : materials for energy and sustainability	Abbreviated Journal	J Mater Chem A
	Volume	3	Issue	3	Pages	2642-2649
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Porous metal oxides with nano-sized features attracted intensive interest in recent decades due to their high surface area which is essential for many applications, e.g. Li ion batteries, photocatalysts, fuel cells and dye-sensitized solar cells. Various approaches have so far been investigated to synthesize porous nanostructured metal oxides, including self-assembly and template-assisted synthesis. For the latter approach, forests of carbon nanotubes are considered as particularly promising templates, with respect to their one-dimensional nature and the resulting high surface area. In this work, we systematically investigate the formation of porous metal oxides (Al2O3, TiO2, V2O5 and ZnO) with different morphologies using atomic layer deposition on multi-walled carbon nanotubes followed by post-deposition calcination. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy accompanied by X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used for the investigation of morphological and structural transitions at the micro- and nano-scale during the calcination process. The crystallization temperature and the surface coverage of the metal oxides and the oxidation temperature of the carbon nanotubes were found to produce significant influence on the final morphology.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000348990500019	Publication Date	2014-12-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2050-7488;2050-7496;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.867	Times cited	23	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	Fwo; 239865 Cocoon; 335078 Colouratoms; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.867; 2015 IF: 7.443
	Call Number	c:irua:125298			Serial	2673
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	Author	Deng, S.; Kurttepeli, M.; Deheryan, S.; Cott, D.J.; Vereecken, P.M.; Martens, J.A.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Detavernier, C.
	Title	Synthesis of a 3D network of Pt nanowires by atomic layer deposition on a carbonaceous template			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	6	Issue	12	Pages	6939-6944
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The formation of a 3D network composed of free standing and interconnected Pt nanowires is achieved by a two-step method, consisting of conformal deposition of Pt by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on a forest of carbon nanotubes and subsequent removal of the carbonaceous template. Detailed characterization of this novel 3D nanostructure was carried out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The characterization showed that this pure 3D nanostructure of platinum is self-supported and offers an enhancement of the electrochemically active surface area by a factor of 50.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000337143900086	Publication Date	2014-04-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364;2040-3372;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	14	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors wish to thank the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) for financial support. The authors acknowledge the European Research Council for funding under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERCgrant agreement N°239865-COCOON, N°246791-COUNTATOMS and N°335078–COLOURATOM). The authors would also want to thank the support from UGENT-GOA-01G01513, IWT-SBO SOSLion and the Belgian government through Interuniversity Attraction Poles (IAPPAI).; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367; 2014 IF: 7.394
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:118393			Serial	3454
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	Author	Sree, S.P.; Dendooven, J.; Masschaele, K.; Hamed, H.M.; Deng, S.; Bals, S.; Detavernier, C.; Martens, J.A.
	Title	Synthesis of uniformly dispersed anatase nanoparticles inside mesoporous silica thin films via controlled breakup and crystallization of amorphous TiO₂ deposited using atomic layer deposition			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	5	Issue	11	Pages	5001-5008
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Amorphous titanium dioxide was introduced into the pores of mesoporous silica thin films with 75% porosity and 12 nm average pore diameter via Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) using alternating pulses of tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium and water. Calcination provoked fragmentation of the deposited amorphous TiO2 phase and its crystallization into anatase nanoparticles inside the nanoporous film. The narrow particle size distribution of 4 ± 2 nm and the uniform dispersion of the particles over the mesoporous silica support were uniquely revealed using electron tomography. These anatase nanoparticle bearing films showed photocatalytic activity in methylene blue degradation. This new synthesis procedure of the anatase nanophase in mesoporous silica films using ALD is a convenient fabrication method of photocatalytic coatings amenable to application on very small as well as very large surfaces
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000319008700056	Publication Date	2013-04-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364;2040-3372;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	22	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap-Pai; Erc			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367; 2013 IF: 6.739
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108774			Serial	3460
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	Author	Calizzi, M.; Venturi, F.; Ponthieu, M.; Cuevas, F.; Morandi, V.; Perkisas, T.; Bals, S.; Pasquini, L.
	Title	Gas-phase synthesis of Mg-Ti nanoparticles for solid-state hydrogen storage			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Physical chemistry, chemical physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Chem Chem Phys
	Volume	18	Issue	18	Pages	141-148
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Mg-Ti nanostructured samples with different Ti contents were prepared via compaction of nanoparticles grown by inert gas condensation with independent Mg and Ti vapour sources. The growth set-up offered the option to perform in situ hydrogen absorption before compaction. Structural and morphological characterisation was carried out by X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The formation of an extended metastable solid solution of Ti in hcp Mg was detected up to 15 at% Ti in the as-grown nanoparticles, while after in situ hydrogen absorption, phase separation between MgH2 and TiH2 was observed. At a Ti content of 22 at%, a metastable Mg-Ti-H fcc phase was observed after in situ hydrogen absorption. The co-evaporation of Mg and Ti inhibited nanoparticle coalescence and crystallite growth in comparison with the evaporation of Mg only. In situ hydrogen absorption was beneficial to subsequent hydrogen behaviour, studied by high pressure differential scanning calorimetry and isothermal kinetics. A transformed fraction of 90% was reached within 100 s at 300 degrees C during both hydrogen absorption and desorption. The enthalpy of hydride formation was not observed to differ from bulk MgH2.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000368755500014	Publication Date	2015-11-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1463-9076	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.123	Times cited	31	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; Part of this work was supported by the COST Action MP1103 “Nanostructured materials for solid-state hydrogen storage”. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.123
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:131589			Serial	4184
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	Author	Albrecht, W.; Goris, B.; Bals, S.; Hutter, E.M.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.; van Huis, M.A.; van Blaaderen, A.
	Title	Morphological and chemical transformations of single silica-coated CdSe/CdS nanorods upon fs-laser excitation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	9	Issue	9	Pages	4810-4818
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Radiation-induced modifications of nanostructures are of fundamental interest and constitute a viable out-of-equilibrium approach to the development of novel nanomaterials. Herein, we investigated the structural transformation of silica-coated CdSe/CdS nanorods (NRs) under femtosecond (fs) illumination. By comparing the same nanorods before and after illumination with different fluences we found that the silica-shell did not only enhance the stability of the NRs but that the confinement of the NRs also led to novel morphological and chemical transformations. Whereas uncoated CdSe/CdS nanorods were found to sublimate under such excitations the silica-coated nanorods broke into fragments which deformed towards a more spherical shape. Furthermore, CdS decomposed which led to the formation of metallic Cd, confirmed by high-resolution electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), whereby an epitaxial interface with the remaining CdS lattice was formed. Under electron beam exposure similar transformations were found to take place which we followed in situ.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000398954800022	Publication Date	2017-03-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	4	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council under the European Unions Seventh Framework Programme (FP-2007-2013)/ERC Advanced Grant Agreement 291667 HierarSACol. The authors furthermore acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant 335078-COLOURATOMS and ERC Consolidator Grant 683076 NANO-INSITU). The authors also appreciate financial support from the European Union under the Seventh Framework Program (Integrated Infrastructure Initiative No. 262348 European Soft Matter Infrastructure, ESMI). This work was supported by the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO Vlaanderen) through a postdoctoral research grant to B. G. The authors furthermore thank Dave J. van den Heuvel and Hans C. Gerritsen for use of the Thorlabs powermeter. We furthermore thank Ernest van der Wee for the simulation of the confocal point spread functions. ; ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:142384UA @ admin @ c:irua:142384			Serial	4670
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	Author	Ben Dkhil, S.; Pfannmöller, M.; Ata, I.; Duche, D.; Gaceur, M.; Koganezawa, T.; Yoshimoto, N.; Simon, J.-J.; Escoubas, L.; Videlot-Ackermann, C.; Margeat, O.; Bals, S.; Bauerle, P.; Ackermann, J.
	Title	Time evolution studies of dithieno[3,2-b:2 ',3 '-d] pyrrole-based A-D-A oligothiophene bulk heterojunctions during solvent vapor annealing towards optimization of photocurrent generation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal of materials chemistry A : materials for energy and sustainability	Abbreviated Journal	J Mater Chem A
	Volume	5	Issue	5	Pages	1005-1013
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Solvent vapor annealing (SVA) is one of the main techniques to improve the morphology of bulk heterojunction solar cells using oligomeric donors. In this report, we study time evolution of nanoscale morphological changes in bulk heterojunctions based on a well-studied dithienopyrrole-based A-D-A oligothiophene (dithieno[3,2-b: 2',3'-d] pyrrole named here 1) blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) to increase photocurrent density by combining scanning transmission electron microscopy and low-energy-loss spectroscopy. Our results show that SVA transforms the morphology of 1 : PC71BM blends by a three-stage mechanism: highly intermixed phases evolve into nanostructured bilayers that correspond to an optimal blend morphology. Additional SVA leads to completely phaseseparated micrometer-sized domains. Optical spacers were used to increase light absorption inside optimized 1 : PC71BM blends leading to solar cells of 7.74% efficiency but a moderate photocurrent density of 12.3 mA cm (-2). Quantum efficiency analyses reveal that photocurrent density is mainly limited by losses inside the donor phase. Indeed, optimized 1 : PC71BM blends consist of large donor-enriched domains not optimal for exciton to photocurrent conversion. Shorter SVA times lead to smaller domains; however they are embedded in large mixed phases suggesting that introduction of stronger molecular packing may help us to better balance phase separation and domain size enabling more efficient bulk heterojunction solar cells.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000394430800018	Publication Date	2016-11-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2050-7488; 2050-7496	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.867	Times cited	19	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; We acknowledge financial support by the French Fond Unique Interministeriel (FUI) under the project “SFUMATO” (Grant number: F1110019V/201308815) as well as by the European Commission under the Project “SUNFLOWER” (FP7-ICT-2011-7, Grant number: 287594). The synchrotron radiation experiments were performed at BL19B2 in SPring-8 with the approval of Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (Proposal No. 2016A1568). We further acknowledge financial support via ERC Starting Grant Colouratoms (335078). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.867
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:142602UA @ admin @ c:irua:142602			Serial	4695
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	Author	Pramanik, G.; Humpolickova, J.; Valenta, J.; Kundu, P.; Bals, S.; Bour, P.; Dracinsky, M.; Cigler, P.
	Title	Gold nanoclusters with bright near-infrared photoluminescence			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	10	Issue	10	Pages	3792-3798
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The increase in nonradiative pathways with decreasing emission energy reduces the luminescence quantum yield (QY) of near-infrared photoluminescent (NIR PL) metal nanoclusters. Efficient surface ligand chemistry can significantly improve the luminescence QY of NIR PL metal nanoclusters. In contrast to the widely reported but modestly effective thiolate ligand-to-metal core charge transfer, we show that metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) can be used to greatly enhance the luminescence QY of NIR PL gold nanoclusters (AuNCs). We synthesized water-soluble and colloidally stable NIR PL AuNCs with unprecedentedly high QY (similar to 25%) upon introduction of triphenylphosphonium moieties into the surface capping layer. By using a combination of spectroscopic and theoretical methods, we provide evidence for gold core-to-ligand charge transfer occurring in AuNCs. We envision that this work can stimulate the development of these unusually bright AuNCs for promising optoelectronic, bioimaging, and other applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000426148500026	Publication Date	2018-01-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	97	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge support from the GACR project Nr. 18-12533S. J. V. acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic via the V4+Japan project No. 8F15001 (cofinanced by the International Visegrad Fund). P. B. acknowledges GACR project No. 16-05935S and Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic project No. LTC17012. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:149901UA @ admin @ c:irua:149901			Serial	4935
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	Author	Bueken, B.; Van Velthoven, N.; Willhammar, T.; Stassin, T.; Stassen, I.; Keen, D.A.; Baron, G.V.; Denayer, J.F.M.; Ameloot, R.; Bals, S.; De Vos, D.; Bennett, T.D.
	Title	Gel-based morphological design of zirconium metal-organic frameworks			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Chemical science	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Sci
	Volume	8	Issue	8	Pages	3939-3948
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The ability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to gelate under specific synthetic conditions opens up new opportunities in the preparation and shaping of hierarchically porous MOF monoliths, which could be directly implemented for catalytic and adsorptive applications. In this work, we present the first examples of xero-or aerogel monoliths consisting solely of nanoparticles of several prototypical Zr4+-based MOFs: UiO-66-X (X – H, NH2, NO2, (OH)(2)), UiO-67, MOF-801, MOF-808 and NU-1000. High reactant and water concentrations during synthesis were observed to induce the formation of gels, which were converted to monolithic materials by drying in air or supercritical CO2. Electron microscopy, combined with N-2 physisorption experiments, was used to show that irregular nanoparticle packing leads to pure MOF monoliths with hierarchical pore systems, featuring both intraparticle micropores and interparticle mesopores. Finally, UiO-66 gels were shaped into monolithic spheres of 600 mm diameter using an oil-drop method, creating promising candidates for packed-bed catalytic or adsorptive applications, where hierarchical pore systems can greatly mitigate mass transfer limitations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Royal Society of Chemistry	Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000400553000077	Publication Date	2017-03-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2041-6520	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.668	Times cited	168	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; B. B., T. S. and I. S. acknowledge the FWO Flanders (doctoral and post-doctoral grants). T. W. acknowledges a post-doctoral grant from the Swedish Research Council. T. D. B. acknowledges the Royal Society (University Research Fellowship) and Trinity Hall (University of Cambridge) for funding. S. B. and D. D. V. are grateful for funding by Belspo (IAP 7/05 P6/27) and by the FWO Flanders. D. D. V. further acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (project H-CCAT). S. B. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS). The authors acknowledge Arnau Carne and Shuhei Furukawa for assistance with supercritical CO<INF>2</INF> extraction, and Charles Ghesquiere for assistance in synthesis. ; Ecas_Sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.668
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:152643UA @ admin @ c:irua:152643			Serial	5143
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	Author	Leroux, F.; Bladt, E.; Timmermans, J.-P.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bals, S.
	Title	Annular dark-field transmission electron microscopy for low contrast materials			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	19	Issue	3	Pages	629-634
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Imaging soft matter by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is anything but straightforward. Recently, interest has grown in developing alternative imaging modes that generate contrast without additional staining. Here, we present a dark-field TEM technique based on the use of an annular objective aperture. Our experiments demonstrate an increase in both contrast and signal-to-noise ratio in comparison to conventional bright-field TEM. The proposed technique is easy to implement and offers an alternative imaging mode to investigate soft matter.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000319126300014	Publication Date	2013-04-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	262348 Esmi; Fwo G002410n G018008			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2013 IF: 2.161
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108712			Serial	133
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	Author	Van Aert, S.; Verbeeck, J.; Bals, S.; Erni, R.; van Dyck, D.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Atomic resolution mapping using quantitative high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	15	Issue	S:2	Pages	464-465
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000208119100230	Publication Date	2009-07-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2009 IF: 3.035
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:96555UA @ admin @ c:irua:96555			Serial	178
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	Author	Bals, S.; Tirry, W.; Geurts, R.; Yang, Z.; Schryvers, D.
	Title	High-quality sample preparation by low kV FIB thinning for analytical TEM measurements			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	13	Issue	2	Pages	80-86
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Focused ion beam specimen preparation has been used for NiTi samples and SrTiO(3)/SrRuO(3) multilayers with prevention of surface amorphization and Ga implantation by a 2-kV cleaning procedure. Transmission electron microscopy techniques show that the samples are of high quality with a controlled thickness over large scales. Furthermore, preferential thinning effects in multicompounds are avoided, which is important when analytical transmission electron microscopy measurements need to be interpreted in a quantitative manner. The results are compared to similar measurements acquired for samples obtained using conventional preparation techniques such as electropolishing for alloys and ion milling for oxides.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000245662200002	Publication Date	2007-03-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited	82	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Goa			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2007 IF: 1.941
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:65850			Serial	1441
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	Author	Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Structural, chemical and electronic characterization of ceramic materials using quantitative (scanning) transmission electron microscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2007	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	13	Issue	S:3	Pages	332-333
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2008-02-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2007 IF: 1.941
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:96553			Serial	3224
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	Author	Bals, S.; Radmilovic, V.; Kisielowski, C.
	Title	TEM annular objective apertures fabricated by FIB			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2004	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	10	Issue	S:2	Pages	1148-1149
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2008-01-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2004 IF: 2.389
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87603			Serial	3475
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	Author	Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Cott, D.; Hantschel, T.; Bender, H.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Three-dimensional analysis of carbon nanotube networks in interconnects by electron tomography without missing wedge artifacts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	16	Issue	2	Pages	210-217
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The three-dimensional (3D) distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown inside semiconductor contact holes is studied by electron tomography. The use of a specialized tomography holder results in an angular tilt range of ±90°, which means that the so-called missing wedge is absent. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample for this purpose consists of a micropillar that is prepared by a dedicated procedure using the focused ion beam (FIB) but keeping the CNTs intact. The 3D results are combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to study the relation between the CNTs and the catalyst particles used during their growth. The reconstruction, based on the full range of tilt angles, is compared with a reconstruction where a missing wedge is present. This clearly illustates that the missing wedge will lead to an unreliable interpretation and will limit quantitative studies
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000276137200011	Publication Date	2010-02-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited	42	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo; Iap-Vi			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2010 IF: 3.259
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82279			Serial	3642
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	Author	Goris, B.; Freitag, B.; Zanaga, D.; Bladt, E.; Altantzis, T.; Ringnalda, J.; Bals, S.
	Title	Towards quantitative EDX results in 3 dimensions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	20	Issue	S:3	Pages	766-767
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2014-08-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	335078 Colouratom; Fwo; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2014 IF: 1.877
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:125381			Serial	3687
Permanent link to this record