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Author Alves, L.L.; Bogaerts, A.; Guerra, V.; Turner, M.M.
  Title Foundations of modelling of nonequilibrium low-temperature plasmas Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2018 Publication Plasma sources science and technology Abbreviated Journal Plasma Sources Sci T
  Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages (down) 023002
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
  Abstract This work explains the need for plasma models, introduces arguments for choosing the type of model that better fits the purpose of each study, and presents the basics of the most common nonequilibrium low-temperature plasma models and the information available from each one, along with an extensive list of references for complementary in-depth reading. The paper presents the following models, organised according to the level of multi-dimensional description of the plasma: kinetic models, based on either a statistical particle-in-cell/Monte-Carlo approach or the solution to the Boltzmann equation (in the latter case, special focus is given to the description of the electron kinetics); multi-fluid models, based on the solution to the hydrodynamic equations; global (spatially-average) models, based on the solution to the particle and energy rate-balance equations for the main plasma species, usually including a very complete reaction chemistry; mesoscopic models for plasma–surface interaction, adopting either a deterministic approach or a stochastic dynamical Monte-Carlo approach. For each plasma model, the paper puts forward the physics context, introduces the fundamental equations, presents advantages and limitations, also from a numerical perspective, and illustrates its application with some examples. Whenever pertinent, the interconnection between models is also discussed, in view of multi-scale hybrid approaches.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000425688600001 Publication Date 2018-02-20
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 1361-6595 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 3.302 Times cited 17 Open Access OpenAccess
  Notes The authors would like to thank A Tejero-Del-Caz and A Berthelot for their technical contributions in writing the manuscript. This work was partially funded by Portuguese FCT —Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under projects UID/ FIS/50010/2013, PTDC/FISPLA/1243/2014 (KIT-PLAS- MEBA) and PTDC/FIS-PLA/1420/2014 (PREMiERE). Approved Most recent IF: 3.302
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:149391 Serial 4810
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Zhang, Y.-R.; Tinck, S.; De Schepper, P.; Wang, Y.-N.; Bogaerts, A.
  Title Modeling and experimental investigation of the plasma uniformity in CF4/O2 capacitively coupled plasmas, operating in single frequency and dual frequency regime Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2015 Publication Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films Abbreviated Journal J Vac Sci Technol A
  Volume 33 Issue 33 Pages (down) 021310
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
  Abstract A two-dimensional hybrid Monte Carlofluid model, incorporating a full-wave solution of Maxwell's equations, is employed to describe the behavior of high frequency (HF) and very high frequency capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs), operating both at single frequency (SF) and dual frequency (DF) in a CF4/O2 gas mixture. First, the authors investigate the plasma composition, and the simulations reveal that besides CF4 and O2, also COF2, CF3, and CO2 are important neutral species, and CF+3 and F− are the most important positive and negative ions. Second, by comparing the results of the model with and without taking into account the electromagnetic effects for a SF CCP, it is clear that the electromagnetic effects are important, both at 27 and 60 MHz, because they affect the absolute values of the calculation results and also (to some extent) the spatial profiles, which accordingly affects the uniformity in plasma processing. In order to improve the plasma radial uniformity, which is important for the etch process, a low frequency (LF) source is added to the discharge. Therefore, in the major part of the paper, the plasma uniformity is investigated for both SF and DF CCPs, operating at a HF of 27 and 60 MHz and a LF of 2 MHz. For this purpose, the authors measure the etch rates as a function of position on the wafer in a wide range of LF powers, and the authors compare them with the calculated fluxes toward the wafer of the plasma species playing a role in the etch process, to explain the trends in the measured etch rate profiles. It is found that at a HF of 60 MHz, the uniformity of the etch rate is effectively improved by adding a LF power of 2 MHz and 300 W, while its absolute value increases by about 50%, thus a high etch rate with a uniform distribution is observed under this condition.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor
  Language Wos 000355739500026 Publication Date 2015-01-29
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0734-2101;1520-8559; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 1.374 Times cited 3 Open Access
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.374; 2015 IF: 2.322
  Call Number c:irua:122650 Serial 2107
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Liu, Y.-X.; Zhang, Y.-R.; Bogaerts, A.; Wang, Y.-N.
  Title Electromagnetic effects in high-frequency large-area capacitive discharges : a review Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2015 Publication Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films Abbreviated Journal J Vac Sci Technol A
  Volume 33 Issue 33 Pages (down) 020801
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
  Abstract In traditional capacitively coupled plasmas, the discharge can be described by an electrostatic model, in which the Poisson equation is employed to determine the electrostatic electric field. However, current plasma reactors are much larger and driven at a much higher frequency. If the excitation wavelength k in the plasma becomes comparable to the electrode radius, and the plasma skin depth d becomes comparable to the electrode spacing, the electromagnetic (EM) effects will become significant and compromise the plasma uniformity. In this regime, capacitive discharges have to be described by an EM model, i.e., the full set of Maxwells equations should be solved to address the EM effects. This paper gives an overview of the theory, simulation and experiments that have recently been carried out to understand these effects, which cause major uniformity problems in plasma processing for microelectronics and flat panel display industries. Furthermore, some methods for improving the plasma uniformity are also described and compared.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher A v s amer inst physics Place of Publication Melville Editor
  Language Wos 000355739500007 Publication Date 2015-02-12
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0734-2101;1520-8559; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 1.374 Times cited 10 Open Access
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.374; 2015 IF: 2.322
  Call Number c:irua:123541 Serial 903
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author van Walsem, J.; Roegiers, J.; Modde, B.; Lenaerts, S.; Denys, S.
  Title Integration of a photocatalytic multi-tube reactor for indoor air purification in HVAC systems : a feasibility study Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2018 Publication Environmental Science and Pollution Research Abbreviated Journal Environ Sci Pollut R
  Volume 25 Issue 18 Pages (down) 18015-18026
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
  Abstract This work is focused on an in-depth experimental characterization of multi-tube reactors for indoor air purification integrated in ventilation systems. Glass tubes were selected as an excellent photocatalyst substrate to meet the challenging requirements of the operating conditions in a ventilation system in which high flow rates are typical. Glass tubes show a low-pressure drop which reduces the energy demand of the ventilator, and additionally, they provide a large exposed surface area to allow interaction between indoor air contaminants and the photocatalyst. Furthermore, the performance of a range of P25-loaded sol-gel coatings was investigated, based on their adhesion properties and photocatalytic activities. Moreover, the UV light transmission and photocatalytic reactor performance under various operating conditions were studied. These results provide vital insights for the further development and scaling up of multi-tube reactors in ventilation systems which can provide a better comfort, improved air quality in indoor environments, and reduced human exposure to harmful pollutants.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000436879200071 Publication Date 2018-04-24
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0944-1344; 1614-7499 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 2.741 Times cited 3 Open Access
  Notes ; J.V.W. acknowledges the Agentschap Innoveren and Ondernemen for a PhD fellowship. ; Approved Most recent IF: 2.741
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:150946 Serial 5967
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Kolev, S.; Bogaerts, A.
  Title A 2D model for a gliding arc discharge Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2015 Publication Plasma sources science and technology Abbreviated Journal Plasma Sources Sci T
  Volume 24 Issue 24 Pages (down) 015025
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
  Abstract In this study we report on a 2D fluid model of a gliding arc discharge in argon. Despite the 3D nature of the discharge, 2D models are found to be capable of providing very useful information about the operation of the discharge. We employ two modelsan axisymmetric and a Cartesian one. We show that for the considered experiment and the conditions of a low current arc (around 30 mA) in argon, there is no significant heating of the cathode surface and the discharge is sustained by field electron emission from the cathode accompanied by the formation of a cathode spot. The obtained discharge power and voltage are relatively sensitive to the surface properties and particularly to the surface roughness, causing effectively an amplification of the normal electric field. The arc body and anode region are not influenced by this and depend mainly on the current value. The gliding of the arc is modelled by means of a 2D Cartesian model. The arcelectrode contact points are analysed and the gliding mechanism along the electrode surface is discussed. Following experimental observations, the cathode spot is simulated as jumping from one point to another. A complete arc cycle is modelled from initial ignition to arc decay. The results show that there is no interaction between the successive gliding arcs.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Institute of Physics Place of Publication Bristol Editor
  Language Wos 000348298200026 Publication Date 2014-12-23
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0963-0252;1361-6595; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 3.302 Times cited 34 Open Access
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.302; 2015 IF: 3.591
  Call Number c:irua:122538 c:irua:122538 c:irua:122538 c:irua:122538 Serial 3
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Author Kozák, T.; Bogaerts, A.
  Title Evaluation of the energy efficiency of CO2 conversion in microwave discharges using a reaction kinetics model Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2015 Publication Plasma sources science and technology Abbreviated Journal Plasma Sources Sci T
  Volume 24 Issue 24 Pages (down) 015024
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
  Abstract We use a zero-dimensional reaction kinetics model to simulate CO2 conversion in microwave discharges where the excitation of the vibrational levels plays a significant role in the dissociation kinetics. The model includes a description of the CO2 vibrational kinetics, taking into account state-specific VT and VV relaxation reactions and the effect of vibrational excitation on other chemical reactions. The model is used to simulate a general tubular microwave reactor, where a stream of CO2 flows through a plasma column generated by microwave radiation. We study the effects of the internal plasma parameters, namely the reduced electric field, electron density and the total specific energy input, on the CO2 conversion and its energy efficiency. We report the highest energy efficiency (up to 30%) for a specific energy input in the range 0.41.0 eV/molecule and a reduced electric field in the range 50100 Td and for high values of the electron density (an ionization degree greater than 10−5). The energy efficiency is mainly limited by the VT relaxation which contributes dominantly to the vibrational energy losses and also contributes significantly to the heating of the reacting gas. The model analysis provides useful insight into the potential and limitations of CO2 conversion in microwave discharges.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Institute of Physics Place of Publication Bristol Editor
  Language Wos 000348298200025 Publication Date 2014-12-23
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0963-0252;1361-6595; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 3.302 Times cited 100 Open Access
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.302; 2015 IF: 3.591
  Call Number c:irua:122243 Serial 1087
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Belov, I.; Paulussen, S.; Bogaerts, A.
  Title Appearance of a conductive carbonaceous coating in a CO2dielectric barrier discharge and its influence on the electrical properties and the conversion efficiency Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2016 Publication Plasma sources science and technology Abbreviated Journal Plasma Sources Sci T
  Volume 25 Issue 25 Pages (down) 015023
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
  Abstract This work examines the properties of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor, built for CO2 decomposition, by means of electrical characterization, optical emission spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The discharge, formed in an electronegative gas (such as CO2, but also O2), exhibits clearly different electrical characteristics, depending on the surface conductivity of the reactor walls. An asymmetric current waveform is observed in the metaldielectric (MD) configuration, with sparse high-current pulses in the positive half-cycle (HC) and a more uniform regime in the negative HC. This indicates that the discharge is operating in two alternating regimes with rather different properties. At high CO2 conversion regimes, a conductive coating is deposited on the dielectric. This so-called coated MD configuration yields a symmetric current waveform, with current peaks in both the positive and negative HCs. In a double-dielectric (DD) configuration, the current waveform is also symmetric, but without current peaks in both the positive and negative HC. Finally, the DD configuration with conductive coating on the inner surface of the outer dielectric, i.e. so-called coated DD, yields again an asymmetric current waveform, with current peaks in the negative HC. These different electrical characteristics are related to the presence of the conductive coating on the dielectric wall of the reactor and can be explained by an increase of the local barrier capacitance available for charge transfer. The different discharge regimes affect the CO2 conversion, more specifically, the CO2 conversion is lowest in the clean DD configuration. It is somewhat higher in the coated DD configuration, and still higher in the MD configuration. The clean and coated MD configuration, however, gave similar CO2 conversion. These results indicate that the conductivity of the dielectric reactor walls can highly promote the development of the high-amplitude discharge current pulses and subsequently the CO2 conversion.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000370974800030 Publication Date 2016-01-21
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0963-0252 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 3.302 Times cited 25 Open Access
  Notes The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN) under Grant Agreement № 606889 (RAPID—Reactive Atmospheric Plasma processIng—eDucation network). Approved Most recent IF: 3.302
  Call Number c:irua:130790 Serial 4006
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Zhao, S.-X.; Gao, F.; Wang, Y.-N.; Bogaerts, A.
  Title Gas ratio effects on the Si etch rate and profile uniformity in an inductively coupled Ar/CF4 plasma Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Plasma sources science and technology Abbreviated Journal Plasma Sources Sci T
  Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages (down) 015017-15018
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
  Abstract In this work, a hybrid model is used to investigate the effect of different gas ratios on the Si etching and polymer film deposition characteristics in an Ar/CF4 inductively coupled plasma. The influence of the surface processes on the bulk plasma properties is studied, and also the spatial characteristics of important gas phase and etched species. The densities of F and CF2 decrease when the surface module is included in the simulations, due to the species consumption caused by etching and polymer deposition. The influence of the surface processes on the bulk plasma depends on the Ar/CF4 gas ratio. The deposited polymer becomes thicker at high CF4 content because of more abundant CFx radicals. As a result of the competition between the polymer thickness and the F flux, the etch rate first increases and then decreases upon increasing the CF4 content. The electron properties, more specifically the electron density profile, affect the Si etch characteristics substantially by determining the radical density and flux profiles. In fact, the radial profile of the etch rate is more uniform at low CF4 content since the electron density has a smooth distribution. At high CF4 content, the etch rate is less uniform with a minimum halfway along the wafer radius, because the electron density distribution is more localized. Therefore, our calculations predict that it is better to work at relatively high Ar/CF4 gas ratios, in order to obtain high etch rate and good profile uniformity for etch applications. This, in fact, corresponds to the typical experimental etch conditions in Ar/CF4 gas mixtures as found in the literature, where Ar is typically present at a much higher concentration than CF4.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Institute of Physics Place of Publication Bristol Editor
  Language Wos 000314966300022 Publication Date 2012-12-20
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0963-0252;1361-6595; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 3.302 Times cited 11 Open Access
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.302; 2013 IF: 3.056
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:102583 Serial 1320
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Tinck, S.; Bogaerts, A.
  Title Computer simulations of an oxygen inductively coupled plasma used for plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2011 Publication Plasma sources science and technology Abbreviated Journal Plasma Sources Sci T
  Volume 20 Issue 1 Pages (down) 015008-015008,10
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
  Abstract In this paper, an O2 inductively coupled plasma used for plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 thin films is investigated by means of modeling. This work intends to provide more information about basic plasma properties such as species densities and species fluxes to the substrate as a function of power and pressure, which might be hard to measure experimentally. For this purpose, a hybrid model developed by Kushner et al is applied to calculate the plasma characteristics in the reactor volume for different chamber pressures ranging from 1 to 10 mTorr and different coil powers ranging from 50 to 500 W. Density profiles of the various oxygen containing plasma species are reported as well as fluxes to the substrate under various operating conditions. Furthermore, different orientations of the substrate, which can be placed vertically or horizontally in the reactor, are taken into account. In addition, special attention is paid to the recombination process of atomic oxygen on the different reactor walls under the stated operating conditions. From this work it can be concluded that the plasma properties change significantly in different locations of the reactor. The plasma density near the cylindrical coil is high, while it is almost negligible in the neighborhood of the substrate. Ion and excited species fluxes to the substrate are found to be very low and negligible. Finally, the orientation of the substrate has a minor effect on the flux of O2, while it has a significant effect on the flux of O. In the horizontal configuration, the flux of atomic oxygen can be up to one order of magnitude lower than in the vertical configuration.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Institute of Physics Place of Publication Bristol Editor
  Language Wos 000286592200009 Publication Date 2011-01-08
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0963-0252;1361-6595; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 3.302 Times cited 11 Open Access
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 3.302; 2011 IF: 2.521
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:85285 Serial 467
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Author Wang, H.; Picot, T.; Houben, K.; Moorkens, T.; Grigg, J.; Van Haesendonck, C.; Biermans, E.; Bals, S.; Brown, S.A.; Vantomme, A.; Temst, K.; Van Bael, M.J.;
  Title The superconducting proximity effect in epitaxial Al/Pb nanocomposites Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2014 Publication Superconductor science and technology Abbreviated Journal Supercond Sci Tech
  Volume 27 Issue 1 Pages (down) 015008-8
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
  Abstract We have investigated the superconducting properties of Pb nanoparticles with a diameter ranging from 8 to 20 nm, synthesized by Pb+ ion implantation in a crystalline Al matrix. A detailed structural characterization of the nanocomposites reveals the highly epitaxial relation between the Al crystalline matrix and the Pb nanoparticles. The Al/Pb nanocomposites display a single superconducting transition, with the critical temperature T-c increasing with the Pb content. The dependence of T-c on the Pb/Al volume ratio was compared with theoretical models of the superconducting proximity effect based on the bulk properties of Al and Pb. A very good correspondence with the strong-coupling proximity effect model was found, with an electron-phonon coupling constant in the Pb nanoparticles slightly reduced compared to bulk Pb. Our result differs from other studies on Pb nanoparticle based proximity systems where weak-coupling models were found to better describe the T-c dependence. We infer that the high interface quality resulting from the ion implantation synthesis method is a determining factor for the superconducting properties. Critical field and critical current measurements support the high quality of the nanocomposite superconducting films.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Bristol Editor
  Language Wos 000328275000010 Publication Date 2013-11-28
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0953-2048;1361-6668; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 2.878 Times cited 2 Open Access Not_Open_Access
  Notes ; This work was supported by the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), the KU Leuven BOF Concerted Research Action programs (GOA/09/006, the KU Leuven BOF CREA/12/015 project, and GOA/14/007) and the EU FP7 program SPIRIT (227012). TP and KH are postdoctoral research fellow and doctoral fellow of the FWO. ; Approved Most recent IF: 2.878; 2014 IF: 2.325
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:112833 Serial 3599
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Author Sun, S.R.; Kolev, S.; Wang, H.X.; Bogaerts, A.
  Title Coupled gas flow-plasma model for a gliding arc: investigations of the back-breakdown phenomenon and its effect on the gliding arc characteristics Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2017 Publication Plasma sources science and technology Abbreviated Journal Plasma Sources Sci T
  Volume 26 Issue 26 Pages (down) 015003
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
  Abstract We present a 3D and 2D Cartesian quasi-neutral plasma model for a low current argon gliding arc discharge, including strong interactions between the gas flow and arc plasma column.

The 3D model is applied only for a short time of 0.2 ms due to its huge computational cost. It mainly serves to verify the reliability of the 2D model. As the results in 2D compare well with those in 3D, they can be used for a better understanding of the gliding arc basic characteristics. More specifically, we investigate the back-breakdown phenomenon induced by an artificially controlled plasma channel, and we discuss its effect on the gliding arc characteristics. The

back-breakdown phenomenon, or backward-jump motion of the arc, as observed in the experiments, results in a drop of the gas temperature, as well as in a delay of the arc velocity with respect to the gas flow velocity, allowing more gas to pass through the arc, and thus increasing the efficiency of the gliding arc for gas treatment applications.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000419253000001 Publication Date 2016-11-22
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 1361-6595 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 3.302 Times cited 9 Open Access OpenAccess
  Notes This work is financially supported by the Methusalem financing, by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO) and by the IAP/7 (Inter-university Attraction Pole) program ‘Physical Chemistry of Plasma-Surface Interactions’ from the Belgian Federal Office for Science Policy (BELSPO). The work was carried out in part using the Turing HPC infrastructure of the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the Universiteit Antwerpen. This work was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11275021, 11575019). S R Sun thanks the financial support from the China Scholarship Council. Approved Most recent IF: 3.302
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @ c:irua:138993 Serial 4337
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Van Laer, K.; Bogaerts, A.
  Title Fluid modelling of a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2016 Publication Plasma sources science and technology Abbreviated Journal Plasma Sources Sci T
  Volume 25 Issue 25 Pages (down) 015002
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
  Abstract A packed bed dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor is computationally studied with a fluid model. Two different complementary axisymmetric 2D geometries are used to mimic the intrinsic 3D problem. It is found that a packing enhances the electric field strength and electron temperature at the contact points of the dielectric material due to polarization of the beads by the applied potential. As a result, these contact points prove to be of direct importance to initiate the plasma. At low applied potential, the discharge stays at the contact points, and shows the properties of a Townsend discharge. When a high enough potential is applied, the plasma will be able to travel through the gaps in between the beads from wall to wall, forming a kind of glow discharge. Therefore, the inclusion of a so-called ‘channel of voids’ is indispensable in any type of packed bed modelling.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000370974800009 Publication Date 2015-12-01
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0963-0252 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 3.302 Times cited 50 Open Access
  Notes The authors gratefully thank St Kolev for the many interesting discussions and the useful advise in setting up the models. This research was carried out in the framework of the network on Physical Chemistry of Plasma-Surface Interactions— Interuniversity Attraction Poles, phase VII (http://psi-iap7.ulb. ac.be/), and supported by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO). K Van Laer is indebted to the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation by Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT Flanders) for financial support. Approved Most recent IF: 3.302
  Call Number c:irua:129802 Serial 3982
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Bissonnette-Dulude, J.; Heirman, P.; Coulombe, S.; Bogaerts, A.; Gervais, T.; Reuter, S.
  Title Coupling the COST reference plasma jet to a microfluidic device: a computational study Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2024 Publication Plasma sources science and technology Abbreviated Journal Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.
  Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages (down) 015001
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
  Abstract The use of microfluidic devices in the field of plasma-liquid interaction can unlock unique possibilities to investigate the effects of plasma-generated reactive species for environmental and biomedical applications. So far, very little simulation work has been performed on microfluidic devices in contact with a plasma source. We report on the modelling and computational simulation of physical and chemical processes taking place in a novel plasma-microfluidic platform. The main production and transport pathways of reactive species both in plasma and liquid are modelled by a novel modelling approach that combines 0D chemical kinetics and 2D transport mechanisms. This combined approach, applicable to systems where the transport of chemical species occurs in unidirectional flows at high Péclet numbers, decreases calculation times considerably compared to regular 2D simulations. It takes advantage of the low computational time of the 0D reaction models while providing spatial information through multiple plug-flow simulations to yield a quasi-2D model. The gas and liquid flow profiles are simulated entirely in 2D, together with the chemical reactions and transport of key chemical species. The model correctly predicts increased transport of hydrogen peroxide into the liquid when the microfluidic opening is placed inside the plasma effluent region, as opposed to inside the plasma region itself. Furthermore, the modelled hydrogen peroxide production and transport in the microfluidic liquid differs by less than 50% compared with experimental results. To explain this discrepancy, the limits of the 0D–2D combined approach are discussed.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 001136607100001 Publication Date 2024-01-01
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0963-0252 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record
  Impact Factor 3.8 Times cited Open Access Not_Open_Access
  Notes Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, RGPIN-06820 ; FWO, 1100421N ; McGill University, the TransMedTech Institute; Approved Most recent IF: 3.8; 2024 IF: 3.302
  Call Number PLASMANT @ plasmant @c:irua:202783 Serial 8990
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Schryvers, D.; Cao, S.; Tirry, W.; Idrissi, H.; Van Aert, S.
  Title Advanced three-dimensional electron microscopy techniques in the quest for better structural and functional materials Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Science and technology of advanced materials Abbreviated Journal Sci Technol Adv Mat
  Volume 14 Issue 1 Pages (down) 014206-14213
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
  Abstract After a short review of electron tomography techniques for materials science, this overview will cover some recent results on different shape memory and nanostructured metallic systems obtained by various three-dimensional (3D) electron imaging techniques. In binary NiTi, the 3D morphology and distribution of Ni4Ti3 precipitates are investigated by using FIB/SEM slice-and-view yielding 3D data stacks. Different quantification techniques will be presented including the principal ellipsoid for a given precipitate, shape classification following a Zingg scheme, particle distribution function, distance transform and water penetration. The latter is a novel approach to quantifying the expected matrix transformation in between the precipitates. The different samples investigated include a single crystal annealed with and without compression yielding layered and autocatalytic precipitation, respectively, and a polycrystal revealing different densities and sizes of the precipitates resulting in a multistage transformation process. Electron tomography was used to understand the interaction between focused ion beam-induced Frank loops and long dislocation structures in nanobeams of Al exhibiting special mechanical behaviour measured by on-chip deposition. Atomic resolution electron tomography is demonstrated on Ag nanoparticles in an Al matrix.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Sendai Editor
  Language Wos 000316463800008 Publication Date 2013-03-13
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 1468-6996;1878-5514; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 3.798 Times cited 6 Open Access
  Notes Fwo; Iap; Esteem Approved Most recent IF: 3.798; 2013 IF: 2.613
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:107343 Serial 77
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Defoirdt, T.; Vlaeminck, S.E.; Sun, X.; Boon, N.; Clauwaert, P.
  Title Ureolytic activity and its regulation in vibrio campbellii and vibrio harveyi in relation to nitrogen recovery from human urine Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2017 Publication Environmental science and technology Abbreviated Journal
  Volume 51 Issue 22 Pages (down) 13335-13343
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
  Abstract Human urine contains a high concentration of nitrogen and is therefore an interesting source for nutrient recovery. Ureolysis is a key requirement in many processes aiming at nitrogen recovery from urine. Although ureolytic activity is widespread in terrestrial and aquatic environments, very little is known about the urease activity and regulation in specific bacteria other than human pathogens. Given the relatively high salt concentration of urine, marine bacteria would be particularly well suited for biotechnological applications involving nitrogen recovery from urine, and therefore, in this study, we investigated ureolytic activity and its regulation in marine vibrios. Thirteen out of 14 strains showed ureolytic activity. The urease activity was induced by urea, since complete and very rapid hydrolysis, up to 4 g L-1 of urea, was observed in synthetic human urine when the bacteria were pretreated with 10 g L-1 urea, whereas slow hydrolysis occurred when they were pretreated with 1 g L-1 urea (14-35% hydrolysis after 2 days). There was no correlation between biofilm formation and "motility on one hand, and ureolysis on the other hand, and biofilm and motility inhibitors did not affect ureolysis. Together, our data demonstrate for the first time the potential of marine vibrios as fast urea hydrolyzers for biotechnological applications aiming at nutrient recovery from human urine.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000416496700032 Publication Date 2017-10-30
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0013-936x; 1520-5851 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
  Notes Approved no
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:147703 Serial 8716
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Horemans, B.; Van Holsbeke, C.; Vos, W.; Darchuk, L.; Novakovic, V.; Fontan, A.C.; de Backer, J.; van Grieken, R.; de Backer, W.; De Wael, K.
  Title Particle deposition in airways of chronic respiratory patients exposed to an urban aerosol Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2012 Publication Environmental science and technology Abbreviated Journal Environ Sci Technol
  Volume 46 Issue 21 Pages (down) 12162-12169
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
  Abstract Urban atmospheres in modern cities carry characteristic mixtures of particulate pollution which are potentially aggravating for chronic respiratory patients (CRP). Although air quality surveys can be detailed, the obtained information is not always useful to evaluate human health effects. This paper presents a novel approach to estimate particle deposition rates in airways of CRP, based on real air pollution data. By combining computational fluid dynamics with physical-chemical characteristics of particulate pollution, deposition rates are estimated for particles of different toxicological relevance, that is, minerals, iron oxides, sea salts, ammonium salts, and carbonaceous particles. Also, it enables some qualitative evaluation of the spatial, temporal, and patient specific effects on the particle dose upon exposure to the urban atmosphere. Results show how heavy traffic conditions increases the deposition of anthropogenic particles in the trachea and lungs of respiratory patients (here, +0.28 and +1.5 μg·h1, respectively). In addition, local and synoptic meteorological conditions were found to have a strong effect on the overall dose. However, the pathology and age of the patient was found to be more crucial, with highest deposition rates for toxic particles in adults with a mild anomaly, followed by mild asthmatic children and adults with severe respiratory dysfunctions (7, 5, and 3 μg·h1, respectively).
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Easton, Pa Editor
  Language Wos 000310665000082 Publication Date 2012-10-04
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0013-936X;1520-5851; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 6.198 Times cited 5 Open Access
  Notes ; We are grateful for the financial support of n.v. Vooruitzicht. Furthermore, co-workers at the environmental analysis research group are acknowledged for their help in the fieldwork. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.198; 2012 IF: 5.257
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101411 Serial 2557
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Schalm, O.; Anaf, W.; Callier, J.; Leyva Pernia, D.
  Title New generation monitoring devices for heritage guardians to detect multiple events and hazards Type P1 Proceeding
  Year 2018 Publication IOP conference series : materials science and engineering Abbreviated Journal
  Volume 364 Issue Pages (down) Unsp 012056-9
  Keywords P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; History; Antwerp Systems and software Modelling (AnSyMo); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
  Abstract Environmental parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, visible light, UV radiation and pollution influence the deterioration rate of heritage items. To judge on the environmental appropriateness for heritage conservation, it is therefore important to monitor the environment. Often, an incomplete set of environmental parameters is measured, or sporadic or time-averaged measurements are performed. As a result, a wide range of undesirable situations and hazards remain unnoticed. This might lead to an underestimation of environmental dangers (i.e., inaccurate judgement) or to inappropriate mitigation measures (i.e., inaccurate decision making). We present an innovative and user-friendly monitoring device that simultaneously and continuously measures (1) environmental parameters and (2) material behavior. An extended combination of off-the-shelf sensors for temperature, relative humidity, air speed, CO2, NO2, O-3 and particulate matter are connected to a multipurpose datalogger. In-house developed sensors for the shrinkage and expansion behavior of wood, as well as sensors for metal corrosion rates are connected to the same datalogger. Such extended monitoring shows the identification of a wider range of undesirable situations, and it facilitates the search for correlations between such situations and the sources that cause them, i.e., the hazards.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000452025100056 Publication Date 2018-06-18
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 1757-8981; 1757-899x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
  Notes Approved no
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:151825 Serial 8298
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Horemans, B.; Schalm, O.; De Wael, K.; Cardell, C.; Van Grieken, R.
  Title Atmospheric composition and micro-climate in the Alhambra monument, Granada (Spain), in the context of preventive conservation Type P1 Proceeding
  Year 2012 Publication IOP conference series : materials science and engineering Abbreviated Journal
  Volume 37 Issue Pages (down) 012002-12008
  Keywords P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
  Abstract The world famous Alhambra monument in Granada, Southern Spain, listed as UNESCO world cultural heritage since 1984, represents probably the most beautiful example of Islamic art and architecture from the Middle Ages in Europe. It is visited by ca. 2 million people annually. Granada is situated in a natural basin, surrounded by mountains with altitudes up to 3500 m. Due to this topography and the prevailing low wind speeds, pollution-derived and especially traffic-derived particulate matter often accumulates in the urban air. In order to evaluate the potential conservation risks from the surrounding air, the atmospheric composition in the Alhambra monument was evaluated. Indoor temperature and relative humidity fluctuations were evaluated for their potential degenerative effects. Furthermore, the atmospheric composition in the Alhambra was analyzed in terms of inorganic gases (NO2, SO2, O3, and NH3) and black carbon. It was found that the open architecture protected the indoor environments from developing a potentially harmful microclimate, such as the build-up of humidity resulting from the huge number of daily tourists. On the downside, the strong ventilation made the indoor air hardly different from outdoor air, as characterized by strong diurnal temperature and relative humidity gradients and high traffic-derived pollutant levels.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000307662000002 Publication Date 2012-07-16
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 1757-8981; 1757-899x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor Times cited 1 Open Access
  Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: NA
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:100112 Serial 5484
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Samal, S.K.; Soenen, S.; Puppi, D.; De Wael, K.; Pati, S.; De Smedt, S.; Braeckmans, K.; Dubruel, P.
  Title Bio-nanohybrid gelatin/quantum dots for cellular imaging and biosensing applications Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2022 Publication International journal of molecular sciences Abbreviated Journal
  Volume 23 Issue 19 Pages (down) 11867-12
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
  Abstract The bio-nanohybrid gelatin protein/cadmium sulfide (Gel/CdS) quantum dots (QDs) have been designed via a facile one-pot strategy. The amino acids group of gelatin chelate Cd2+ and grow CdS QDs without any agglomeration. The H-1 NMR spectra indicate that during the above process there are no alterations of the gelatin protein structure conformation and chemical functionalities. The prepared Gel/CdS QDs were characterized and their potential as a system for cellular imaging and the electrochemical sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection applications were investigated. The obtained results demonstrate that the developed Gel/CdS QDs system could offer a simple and convenient operating strategy both for the class of contrast agents for cell labeling and electrochemical sensors purposes.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000867759600001 Publication Date 2022-10-09
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 1422-0067; 1661-6596 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
  Notes Approved no
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:191566 Serial 8836
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Meire, M.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Lenaerts, S.; Lommens, P.; Van Der Voort, P.; Van Driessche, I.
  Title Microwave-assisted synthesis of mesoporous titania with increased crystallinity, specific surface area, and photocatalytic activity Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2016 Publication Journal of materials science Abbreviated Journal J Mater Sci
  Volume 51 Issue 21 Pages (down) 9822-9829
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
  Abstract Mesoporous titanium dioxide is a material finding its use in a wide range of applications. For many of these, it is important to achieve a high degree of crystallinity in the material. It is generally accepted that the use of the soft templating approach to synthesize mesoporous titania, results in a compromise between crystallinity and specific surface area due to thermal instability of the used templates. In this paper, we explore how the use of microwave irradiation can influence the crystallinity, specific surface area, and the electronic properties of mesoporous titania. Therefore, we combined microwave radiation with an evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) synthesis. We show that additional microwave treatment at carefully chosen synthesis steps can enhance the crystallinity with 20 % without causing significant loss of surface area (>360 m2/g). Surface photovoltage measurements were used to investigate the electronic properties. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated in aqueous media by following the degradation of an industrial dye, methylene blue, and the herbicide isoproturon under UV irradiation and in gaseous media looking at the degradation of acetaldehyde, a common indoor pollutant under UVA irradiation. In all cases, the microwave treatment results in more active materials.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000381182200023 Publication Date 2016-07-18
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0022-2461 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 2.599 Times cited 8 Open Access
  Notes ; M. Meire and S. W. Verbruggen acknowledge the FWO-Flanders (Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders) for financial support. We want to thank T. Planckaert for the N<INF>2</INF> sorption measurements, J. Watte for the XRD measurements, and professor K. De Buysser for the quantitative Rietveld refinements. ; Approved Most recent IF: 2.599
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:140098 Serial 5970
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Meerburg, F.A.; Boon, N.; Van Winckel, T.; Pauwels, K.T.G.; Vlaeminck, S.E.
  Title Live Fast, Die Young: Optimizing Retention Times in High-Rate Contact Stabilization for Maximal Recovery of Organics from Wastewater Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2016 Publication Environmental science and technology Abbreviated Journal
  Volume 50 Issue 17 Pages (down) 9781-9790
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
  Abstract Wastewater is typically treated by the conventional activated sludge process, which suffers from an inefficient overall energy balance. The high-rate contact stabilization (HiCS) has been proposed as a promising primary treatment technology with which to maximize redirection of organics to sludge for subsequent energy recovery. It utilizes a feast famine cycle to select for bioflocculation, intracellular storage, or both. We optimized the HiCS process for organics recovery and characterized different biological pathways of organics removal and recovery. A total of eight HiCS reactors were operated at 15 degrees C at short solids retention times (SRT; 0.24-2.8 days), hydraulic contact times (t(c); 8 and 15 min), and stabilization times (t(s); 15 and 40 min). At an optimal SRT between 0.5 and 1.3 days and t(c) of 15 min and t(s) of 40 min, the HiCS system oxidized only 10% of influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and recovered up to 55% of incoming organic matter into sludge. Storage played a minor role in the overall COD removal, which was likely dominated by aerobic biomass growth, bioflocculation onto extracellular polymeric substances, and settling. The HiCS process recovers enough organics to potentially produce 28 kWh of electricity per population equivalent per year by anaerobic digestion and electricity generation. This inspires new possibilities for energy-neutral wastewater treatment.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000382805800097 Publication Date 2016-08-02
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0013-936x; 1520-5851 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
  Notes Approved no
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:138270 Serial 8176
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Broers, F.T.H.; Verslype, I.; Bossers, K.W.; Vanmeert, F.; Gonzalez, V.; Garrevoet, J.; van Loon, A.; va Duijn, E.; Krekeler, A.; De Keyser, N.; Steeman, I.; Noble, P.; Janssens, K.; Meirer, F.; Keune, K.
  Title Correlated x-ray fluorescence and ptychographic nano-tomography on Rembrandt's The Night Watch reveals unknown lead “layer” Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2023 Publication Science Advances Abbreviated Journal
  Volume 9 Issue 50 Pages (down) eadj9394-13
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
  Abstract The Night Watch, one of the most famous masterpieces by Rembrandt, is the subject of a large research and conservation project. For the conservation treatment, it is of great importance to understand its current condition. Correlated nano-tomography using x-ray fluorescence and ptychography revealed a-so far unknown-lead-containing “layer”, which likely acts as a protective impregnation layer applied on the canvas before the quartz-clay ground was applied. This layer might explain the presence of lead soap protrusions in areas where no other lead components are present. In addition to the three-dimensional elemental mapping, ptychography visualizes and quantifies components not detectable by hard x-ray fluorescence such as the organic fraction and quartz. The first-time use of this combination of synchrotron-based techniques on a historic paint micro-sample shows it to be an important tool to better interpret the results of noninvasive imaging techniques operating on the macroscale.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 001142514700010 Publication Date 2023-12-15
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 2375-2548 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record
  Impact Factor 13.6 Times cited Open Access
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 13.6; 2023 IF: NA
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:203849 Serial 9016
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Jannis, D.; Müller-Caspary, K.; Béché, A.; Verbeeck, J.
  Title Coincidence Detection of EELS and EDX Spectral Events in the Electron Microscope Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2021 Publication Applied Sciences-Basel Abbreviated Journal Appl Sci-Basel
  Volume 11 Issue 19 Pages (down) 9058
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
  Abstract Recent advances in the development of electron and X-ray detectors have opened up the possibility to detect single events from which its time of arrival can be determined with nanosecond resolution. This allows observing time correlations between electrons and X-rays in the transmission electron microscope. In this work, a novel setup is described which measures individual events using a silicon drift detector and digital pulse processor for the X-rays and a Timepix3 detector for the electrons. This setup enables recording time correlation between both event streams while at the same time preserving the complete conventional electron energy loss (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) signal. We show that the added coincidence information improves the sensitivity for detecting trace elements in a matrix as compared to conventional EELS and EDX. Furthermore, the method allows the determination of the collection efficiencies without the use of a reference sample and can subtract the background signal for EELS and EDX without any prior knowledge of the background shape and without pre-edge fitting region. We discuss limitations in time resolution arising due to specificities of the silicon drift detector and discuss ways to further improve this aspect.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000710160300001 Publication Date 2021-09-28
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 2076-3417 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 1.679 Times cited 9 Open Access OpenAccess
  Notes Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G042920 ; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, 101017720 ; Helmholtz-Fonds, VH-NG-1317 ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.679
  Call Number EMAT @ emat @c:irua:183336 Serial 6821
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Wang, Z.; Wang, Y.B.; Yin, J.; Tovari, E.; Yang, Y.; Lin, L.; Holwill, M.; Birkbeck, J.; Perello, D.J.; Xu, S.; Zultak, J.; Gorbachev, R.V.; Kretinin, A.V.; Taniguchi, T.; Watanabe, K.; Morozov, S.V.; Andelkovic, M.; Milovanović, S.P.; Covaci, L.; Peeters, F.M.; Mishchenko, A.; Geim, A.K.; Novoselov, K.S.; Fal'ko, V.I.; Knothe, A.; Woods, C.R.
  Title Composite super-moiré lattices in double-aligned graphene heterostructures = Composite super-moire lattices in double-aligned graphene heterostructures Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Science Advances Abbreviated Journal
  Volume 5 Issue 12 Pages (down) eaay8897
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
  Abstract When two-dimensional (2D) atomic crystals are brought into close proximity to form a van der Waals heterostructure, neighbouring crystals may influence each other's properties. Of particular interest is when the two crystals closely match and a moire pattern forms, resulting in modified electronic and excitonic spectra, crystal reconstruction, and more. Thus, moire patterns are a viable tool for controlling the properties of 2D materials. However, the difference in periodicity of the two crystals limits the reconstruction and, thus, is a barrier to the low-energy regime. Here, we present a route to spectrum reconstruction at all energies. By using graphene which is aligned to two hexagonal boron nitride layers, one can make electrons scatter in the differential moire pattern which results in spectral changes at arbitrarily low energies. Further, we demonstrate that the strength of this potential relies crucially on the atomic reconstruction of graphene within the differential moire super cell.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000505069600089 Publication Date 2019-12-21
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 2375-2548 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor Times cited 71 Open Access
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: NA
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:165754 Serial 6289
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Seuntjens, D.; Van Tendeloo, M.; Chatzigiannidou, I.; Carvajal-Arroyo, J.M.; Vandendriessche, S.; Vlaeminck, S.E.; Boon, N.
  Title Synergistic exposure of return-sludge to anaerobic starvation, sulfide and free ammonia to suppress nitrite oxidizing bacteria Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2018 Publication Environmental science and technology Abbreviated Journal
  Volume 52 Issue 15 Pages (down) 8725-8732
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
  Abstract A key step toward energy-positive sewage treatment is the development of mainstream partial nitritation/anammox, a nitrogen removal technology where aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AerAOB) are desired, while nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) are not. To suppress NOB, a novel return-sludge treatment was investigated. Single and combined effects of sulfide (0-600 mg S L-1), anaerobic starvation (0-8 days), and a free ammonia (FA) shock (30 mg FA-N L-1 for 1 h) were tested for immediate effects and long-term recovery. AerAOB and NOB were inhibited immediately and proportionally by sulfide, with AerAOB better coping with the inhibition, while the short FA shock and anaerobic starvation had minor effects. Combinatory effects inhibited AerAOB and NOB more strongly. A combined treatment of sulfide (150 mg S L-1), 2 days of anaerobic starvation, and FA shock (30 mg FA-N L-1) inhibited AerAOB 14% more strongly compared to sulfide addition alone, while the AerAOB/NOB activity ratio remained constant. Despite no positive change being observed in the immediate-stress response, AerAOB recovered much faster than NOB, with a nitrite accumulation ratio (effluent nitrite on nitrite + nitrate) peak of 50% after 12 days. Studying long-term recovery is therefore crucial for design of an optimal NOB-suppression treatment, while applying combined stressors regularly may lead toward practical implementation.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000441477600073 Publication Date 2018-05-22
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0013-936x; 1520-5851 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
  Notes Approved no
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:152909 Serial 8635
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Espinosa, E.H.; Lonescu, R.; Bittencourt, C.; Felten, A.; Erni, R.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Pireaux, J.-J.; Llobet, E.
  Title Metal-decorated multi-wall carbon nanotubes for low temperature gas sensing Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2007 Publication Thin solid films : an international journal on the science and technology of thin and thick films Abbreviated Journal Thin Solid Films
  Volume 515 Issue 23 Pages (down) 8322-8327
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
  Abstract
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam : Elsevier Editor
  Language Wos 000250353700005 Publication Date 2007-03-19
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0040-6090; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 1.879 Times cited 86 Open Access
  Notes Pai 5/1 Approved Most recent IF: 1.879; 2007 IF: 1.693
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:66631 Serial 2008
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author De Paepe, J.; Clauwaert, P.; Gritti, M.C.; Ganigue, R.; Sas, B.; Vlaeminck, S.E.; Rabaey, K.
  Title Electrochemical in situ pH control enables chemical-free full urine nitrification with concomitant nitrate extraction Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2021 Publication Environmental Science & Technology Abbreviated Journal Environ Sci Technol
  Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages (down) 8287-8298
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
  Abstract Urine is a valuable resource for nutrient recovery. Stabilization is, however, recommended to prevent urea hydrolysis and the associated risk for ammonia volatilization, uncontrolled precipitation, and malodor. This can be achieved by alkalinization and subsequent biological conversion of urea and ammonia into nitrate (nitrification) and organics into CO2. Yet, without pH control, the extent of nitrification is limited as a result of insufficient alkalinity. This study explored the feasibility of an integrated electrochemical cell to obtain on-demand hydroxide production through water reduction at the cathode, compensating for the acidification caused by nitritation, thereby enabling full nitrification. To deal with the inherent variability of the urine influent composition and bioprocess, the electrochemical cell was steered via a controller, modulating the current based on the pH in the bioreactor. This provided a reliable and innovative alternative to base addition, enabling full nitrification while avoiding the use of chemicals, the logistics associated with base storage and dosing, and the associated increase in salinity. Moreover, the electrochemical cell could be used as an in situ extraction and concentration technology, yielding an acidic concentrated nitrate-rich stream. The make-up of the end product could be tailored by tweaking the process configuration, offering versatility for applications on Earth and in space.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000663939900052 Publication Date 2021-06-04
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0013-936x; 1520-5851 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 6.198 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 6.198
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:179779 Serial 7862
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Alloul, A.; Cerruti, M.; Adamczyk, D.; Weissbrodt, D.G.; Vlaeminck, S.E.
  Title Operational strategies to selectively produce purple bacteria for microbial protein in raceway reactors Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2021 Publication Environmental Science & Technology Abbreviated Journal Environ Sci Technol
  Volume 55 Issue 12 Pages (down) 8278-8286
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
  Abstract Purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNSB) show potential for microbial protein production on wastewater as animal feed. They offer good selectivity (i.e., low microbial diversity and high abundance of one species) when grown anaerobically in the light. However, the cost of closed anaerobic photobioreactors is prohibitive for protein production. Although open raceway reactors are cheaper, their feasibility to selectively grow PNSB is thus far unexplored. This study developed operational strategies to boost PNSB abundance in the biomass of a raceway reactor fed with volatile fatty acids. For a flask reactor run at a 2 day sludge retention time (SRT), matching the chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate to the removal rate in the light period prevented substrate availability during the dark period and increased the PNSB abundance from 50-67 to 88-94%. A raceway reactor run at a 2 day SRT showed an increased PNSB abundance from 14 to 56% when oxygen supply was reduced (no stirring at night). The best performance was achieved at the highest surface-to-volume ratio (10 m(2) m(-3) increased light availability) showing productivities up to 0.2 g protein L-1 day(-1) and a PNSB abundance of 78%. This study pioneered in PNSB-based microbial protein production in raceway reactors, yielding high selectivity while avoiding the combined availability of oxygen, COD, and darkness.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000663939900051 Publication Date 2021-06-04
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0013-936x; 1520-5851 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 6.198 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 6.198
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:179768 Serial 8334
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Ding, L.; Orekhov, A.; Weng, Y.; Jia, Z.; Idrissi, H.; Schryvers, D.; Muraishi, S.; Hao, L.; Liu, Q.
  Title Study of the Q′ (Q)-phase precipitation in Al–Mg–Si–Cu alloys by quantification of atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy images and atom probe tomography Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2019 Publication Journal of materials science Abbreviated Journal J Mater Sci
  Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages (down) 7943-7952
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
  Abstract The precipitation mechanism of the Q phase in Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloys has long been the subject of ambiguity and debate since its metastable phase (Q 0) has the same crystal structure and similar lattice parameters as its equilibrium counterparts. In the present work, the evolution of the Q 0 (Q) phase during aging is studied by combination of quantitative atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. It was found that the transformation from the Q 0 to the Q phase involves changes of the occupancy of Al atoms in atomic columns of the Q 0 (Q) phase. The Al atoms incorporated in the Cu, Si and Mg columns are gradually released into the Al matrix, while mixing between Cu and Si atoms occurs in the Si columns. This transformation process is mainly attributed to the low lattice misfit of the equilibrium Q phase. Besides, the formation of various compositions of the Q phase is due to the different occupancy in the atomic columns of the Q phase. The occupancy changes in the columns of the Q phase are kinetically controlled and are strongly influenced by the alloy composition and aging temperature.
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000460069500043 Publication Date 2019-02-14
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0022-2461 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor 2.599 Times cited 1 Open Access Not_Open_Access
  Notes Special major R & D Projects for Key Technology Innovation of Key Industries in Chongqing, cstc2017zdcy-zdzxX0006 ; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China, 2018CDGFCL0002 106112017CDJQJ308822 ; Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research; the National Natural Science Foundation of China, 51871035 ; This work was supported by the Special major R & D Projects for Key Technology Innovation of Key Industries in Chongqing (Grant No. cstc2017zdcyzdzxX0006), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 2018CDGFCL0002), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51871035) and the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups J Mater Sci National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51421001). H. Idrissi is mandated by the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FSR-FNRS). Approved Most recent IF: 2.599
  Call Number EMAT @ emat @UA @ admin @ c:irua:158112 Serial 5158
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Author Mao, D.; Lookman, R.; van de Weghe, H.; Weltens, R.; Vanermen, G.; de Brucker, N.; Diels, L.
  Title Combining HPLC-GCXGC, GCXGC/ToF-MS, and selected ecotoxicity assays for detailed monitoring of petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in soil and leaching water Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2009 Publication Environmental science and technology Abbreviated Journal
  Volume 43 Issue 20 Pages (down) 7651-7657
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
  Abstract HPLC-GCXGC/FID (high-performance liquid chromatography followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection) and GCXGC/ToF-MS (comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry) were used to study the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil microcosms during 20 weeks. Two soils were studied: one spiked with fresh diesel and one field sample containing weathered diesel-like oil. Nutrient amended and unamended samples were included. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) levels in spiked soil decreased from 15000 to 7500 mg/kg d.m. and from 12000 to 4000 mg/kg d.m. in the field soil. Linear alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons were better biodegradable (>60% degraded) than iso-alkanes; cycloalkanes were least degradable (<40%). Aromatic hydrocarbons up to three rings showed better degradability than n-alkanes. GCXGC/ToF-MS analysis of leaching water showed that initially various oxygenated hydrocarbons were produced. Compound peaks seemed to move up and rightward in the GCXGC chromatograms, indicating that more polar and heavier compounds were formed as biodegradation proceeded. Nutrient amendment can increase TPH removal rates, but had adverse effects on ecotoxicity and leaching potential in our experiment. This was explained by observed shifts in the soil microbial community. Ecotoxicity assays showed that residual TPH still inhibited cress (Lepidium sativum) seed germination, but the leaching water was no longer toxic toward luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri).
  Address
  Corporate Author Thesis
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor
  Language Wos 000270594900014 Publication Date 2009-09-18
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition
  ISSN 0013-936x; 1520-5851 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
  Notes Approved no
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:79168 Serial 7683
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