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Records |
Links |
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Author |
Monico, L.; Cotte, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Amidani, L.; Janssens, K.; Nuyts, G.; Garrevoet, J.; Falkenberg, G.; Glatzel, P.; Romani, A.; Miliani, C. |
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Title |
Damages induced by synchrotron radiation-based X-ray microanalysis in chrome yellow paints and related Cr-compounds : assessment, quantification, and mitigation strategies |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Analytical Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal Chem |
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| |
Volume |
92 |
Issue |
20 |
Pages |
14164-14173 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Synchrotron radiation (SR)-based X-ray methods are powerful analytical tools for several purposes. They are widely used to probe the degradation mechanisms of inorganic artists' pigments in paintings, including chrome yellows (PbCr1-xSxO4; 0 <= x <= 0.8), a class of compounds often found in Van Gogh masterpieces. However, the high intensity and brightness of SR beams raise important issues regarding the potential damage inflicted on the analyzed samples. A thorough knowledge of the SR X-ray sensitivity of each class of pigment in the painting matrix is therefore required to find analytical strategies that seek to minimize the damage for preserving the integrity of the analyzed samples and to avoid data misinterpretation. Here, we employ a combination of Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, Cr-K-beta X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to monitor and quantify the effects of SR X-rays on the stability of chrome yellows and related Cr compounds and to define mitigation strategies. We found that the SR X-ray beam exposure induces changes in the oxidation state and local coordination environment of Cr ions and leads to a loss of the compound's crystalline structure. The extent of X-ray damage depends on some intrinsic properties of the samples (chemical composition of the pigment and the presence/absence and nature of the binder). It can be minimized by optimizing the overall fluence/dose released to the samples and by working in vacuum and under cryogenic conditions. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000584418100072 |
Publication Date |
2020-09-21 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
0003-2700; 5206-882x |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
7.4 |
Times cited |
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Open Access  |
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| |
Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 7.4; 2020 IF: 6.32 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:174363 |
Serial |
7754 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Janssens, K.; Alfeld, M.; Van der Snickt, G.; De Nolf, W.; Vanmeert, F.; Monico, L.; Legrand, S.; Dik, J.; Cotte, M.; Falkenberg, G.; van der Loeff, L.; Leeuwestein, M.; Hendriks, E. |
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Title |
Examination of Vincent van Gogh's paintings and pigments by means of state-of-the-art analytical methods |
Type |
H2 Book chapter |
| |
Year |
2014 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
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Issue |
|
Pages |
373-403
T2 - Science and art : the painted surface |
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Keywords |
H2 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Recent studies in which X-ray beams of macroscopic to (sub) microscopic dimensions were used for non-destructive analysis and characterization of pigments, paint micro samples and/or entire paintings by Vincent van Gogh are concisely reviewed. The overview presented encompasses the use of laboratory and synchrotron radiation-based instrumentation and deals with the use of several variants of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as a method of elemental analysis and imaging as well as with the combined use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Microscopic and macroscopic XRF are variants of the method that are well suited to visualize the elemental distribution of key elements, mostly metals, present in paint multi layers, either on the length scale from 1–100 μm inside micro samples taken from paintings or on the 1–100 cm length scale when the (subsurface) distribution of specific pigments in entire paintings is concerned. In the context of the characterization of van Gogh's pigments subject to natural degradation, the use of methods limited to elemental analysis or imaging usually is not sufficient to elucidate the chemical transformations that have taken place. However, at synchrotron facilities, combinations of μ-XRF with related methods such as μ-XAS and μ-XRD have proven themselves to be very suitable for such studies. Their use is often combined with microscopic Fourier transform infra-red (μ-FTIR) spectroscopy since this method delivers complementary information at more or less the same length scale as the X-ray microprobe techniques. Also in the context of macroscopic imaging of works of art, the complementary use of X-ray based and infra-red based imaging appears very promising; some recent developments are discussed. |
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Corporate Author |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
2020-02-24 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
|
ISBN |
978-1-84973-818-7 |
Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:190782 |
Serial |
7943 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Simonsen, K.P.; Poulsen, J.N.; Vanmeert, F.; Ryhl-Svendsen, M.; Bendix, J.; Sanyova, J.; Janssens, K.; Mederos-Henry, F. |
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Title |
Formation of zinc oxalate from zinc white in various oil binding media: the influence of atmospheric carbon dioxide by reaction with 13CO2 |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
126 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
The formation of metal oxalates in paintings has recently gained a great deal of interest within the field of heritage science as several types of oxalate compounds have been identified in oil paintings. The present work investigates the formation of metal oxalates in linseed oil in the presence of the artists' pigments zinc white, calcite, lead white, zinc yellow, chrome yellow, cadmium yellow, cobalt violet, and verdigris. The oil paint films were artificially photo-aged by exposure to UVA light at low and high relative humidity, and afterwards analysed by attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The results showed that, compared to the other pigments investigated, zinc white is especially prone to metal oxalate formation and that high humidity is a crucial factor in this process. Consequently, the reactivity and photo-aging of ZnO in various oil binding media was investigated further under simulated solar radiation and at high relative humidity levels. ATR-FTIR showed that zinc oxalate is formed in all oil binding media while X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) revealed it was mainly present in an amorphous state. To examine whether atmospheric CO2(g) has any influence on the formation of zinc oxalate, experiments with isotopically enriched (CO2(g))-C-13 were performed. Based on ATR-FTIR measurements, neither (ZnC2O4)-C-13 nor (ZnCO3)-C-13 were formed which suggests that the carbon source for the oxalate formation is most likely the paint itself (and its oil component) and not the surrounding atmosphere. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000596527000001 |
Publication Date |
2020-12-07 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.5 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.5; 2020 IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:174381 |
Serial |
7979 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Christiansen, T.; Cotte, M.; de Nolf, W.; Mouro, E.; Reyes-Herrera, J.; De Meyer, S.; Vanmeert, F.; Salvado, N.; Gonzalez, V.; Lindelof, P.E.; Mortensen, K.; Ryholt, K.; Janssens, K.; Larsen, S. |
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Title |
Insights into the composition of ancient Egyptian red and black inks on papyri achieved by synchrotron-based microanalyses |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
P Natl Acad Sci Usa |
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| |
Volume |
117 |
Issue |
45 |
Pages |
27825-27835 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
A hitherto unknown composition is highlighted in the red and black inks preserved on ancient Egyptian papyri from the Roman period (circa 100 to 200 CE). Synchrotron-based macro-X-ray fluo-rescence (XRF) mapping brings to light the presence of iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) compounds in the majority of the red inks inscribed on 12 papyrus fragments from the Tebtunis temple library. The iron-based compounds in the inks can be assigned to ocher, notably due to the colocalization of Fe with aluminum, and the detection of hematite (Fe2O3) by micro-X-ray diffraction. Using the same techniques together with micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Pb is shown to be associated with fatty acid phosphate, sulfate, chloride, and carboxylate ions. Moreover, microXRF maps reveal a peculiar distribution and colocalization of Pb, phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), which are present at the micrometric scale resembling diffused “coffee rings” surrounding the ocher particles imbedded in the red letters, and at the submicrometric scale concentrated in the papyrus cell walls. A similar Pb, P, and S composition was found in three black inks, suggesting that the same lead components were employed in the manufacture of carbon-based inks. Bearing in mind that pigments such as red lead (Pb3O4) and lead white (hydrocerussite [Pb-3(CO3)(2)(OH)(2)] and/or cerussite [PbCO3]) were not detected, the results presented here suggest that the lead compound in the ink was used as a drier rather than as a pigment. Accordingly, the study calls for a reassessment of the composition of lead-based components in ancient Mediterranean pigments. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000590753400016 |
Publication Date |
2020-10-27 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0027-8424; 1091-6490 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
11.1 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 11.1; 2020 IF: 9.661 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:174323 |
Serial |
8107 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Martins, A.; Coddington, J.; van der Snickt, G.; van Driel, B.; McGlinchey, C.; Dahlberg, D.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J. |
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Title |
Jackson Pollock's Number 1A, 1948 : a non-invasive study using macro-x-ray fluorescence mapping (MA-XRF) and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) analysis |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
4 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
33 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Jackson Pollock's Number 1A, 1948 painting was investigated using in situ scanning macro-x-ray fluorescence mapping (MA-XRF) to help characterize the artist's materials and his creative process. A multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) approach was used to examine the hyperspectral data and obtain distribution maps and signature spectra for the paints he used. The composition of the paints was elucidated based on the chemical elements identified in the signature spectra and a tentative list of pigments, fillers and other additives is proposed for eleven different paints and for the canvas. The paint distribution maps were used to virtually reconstruct the artist process and document the sequence and manner in which Pollock applied the different paints, using deliberate and specific gestures. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000386395100001 |
Publication Date |
2016-09-07 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:138172 |
Serial |
8134 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Legrand, S.; van der Snickt, G.; Cagno, S.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
MA-XRF imaging as a tool to characterize the 16th century heraldic stained-glass panels in Ghent Saint Bavo Cathedral |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Journal of cultural heritage |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
40 |
Issue |
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Pages |
163-168 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
MA-XRF is a novel macroscopic imaging technique originally developed for easel paintings and recently made available to glass conservators. This paper discusses the first real-life contribution of MA-XRF imaging to a conservation intervention of stained-glass panels. The six panels under study belong to the cathedral building since their creation in 1555-1559 AD. MA-XRF appeared an outstanding tool for first-line screening of stained-glass windows, providing readily interpretable information on glass type, coloring and alteration processes. In particular, the chemical imaging technique allowed distinguishing unambiguously the surviving original glass panes from later additions, thereby ensuring a correct historical understanding. From a more practical point of view, the experiments supplied accurate schemes that can be directly incorporated in condition reports and assist designing the ensuing conservation approach. (C0 2019 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000491173800017 |
Publication Date |
2019-06-26 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1296-2074 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:167564 |
Serial |
8191 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Geldof, M.; Monico, L.; Johnson, D.H.; Miliani, C.; Romani, A.; Grazia, C.; Buti, D.; Brunetti, B.G.; Janssens, K.; Van der Snickt, G.; Vanmeert, F. |
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Title |
Methods and materials of the Amsterdam sunflowers |
Type |
H1 Book chapter |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
85-123
T2 - Van Gogh’s Sunflowers illuminated – ar |
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Keywords |
H1 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
This chapter explains the materials and techniques employed in the Amsterdam Sunflowers, enabling a comparison with the London version described in chapter 3. Building upon the 2016 article published in the National Gallery Technical Bulletin, it incorporates the latest findings gained by computer-assisted methods used to characterize the canvas support, as well as in-situ campaigns of non-invasive investigation together with further analysis of microscopic paint samples. The chapter sequence follows the steps in Van Gogh's working practice. Starting with the canvas, automated analysis of the weave enables the provenance of the canvas to be traced back to a particular roll of linen ordered by Van Gogh. Combining technical evidence with knowledge of historical manufacturing techniques further allows us to reconstruct the way in which Van Gogh divided his canvas roll into pieces used for Sunflowers and other paintings. We go on to consider how, with the original painting at hand, he used charcoal to transfer the motif of the London Sunflowers onto his blank canvas. Despite careful planning of the composition, an adjustment was required late in the working process, when Van Gogh added a painted wooden strip to extend the background above the flower at the top edge of the canvas. The artist's process of working up the composition in paint is described, paying special attention to his use of colour. The pigments and pigment mixtures used in the Amsterdam Sunflowers have been comprehensively mapped and are compared with the London picture, with discussion of some similarities and differences that account for the distinctive colour scheme of each painting. This understanding of colour application in the Amsterdam Sunflowers lays the foundation for subsequent chapters that will go on to consider the impact of light-induced colour changes that have taken place over time, and the related need to define appropriate lighting guidelines for the future safe preservation of this painting and others made with similar materials (chapters 5 and 7). |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
2020-11-25 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
|
ISBN |
978-94-6372-532-3 |
Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:190781 |
Serial |
8223 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Cagno, S.; Lind, O.C.; Popic, J.M.; Skipperud, L.; De Nolf, W.; Nuyts, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Jaroszewicz, J.; Janssens, K.; Salbu, B. |
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Title |
Micro-analytical characterization of thorium-rich aggregates from Norwegian NORM sites (Fen Complex, Telemark) |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Journal Of Environmental Radioactivity |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Environ Radioactiv |
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Volume |
219 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
106273 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
In this study we performed microscopic characterization of mineral particles that were collected in the thorium-rich Fen Complex in Norway and identified and isolated based on autoradiography in function of their radioactivity. For this we combined information obtained with X-ray absorption mu-CT, mu-XRF and mu-XRD, both in bi- and in three-dimensional (tomographic) mode. We demonstrate that radionuclides and metals are heterogeneously distributed both within soil samples and within individual Th-enriched aggregates, which are characterised as low-density mineral bulk particles with high density material inclusions, where Th as well as several metals are highly concentrated. For these sites, it is important to take into account how these inhomogeneous distributions could affect the overall environmental behaviour of Th and progeny upon weathering due to human or environmental factors. Moreover, the estimated size of the Th-containing inclusions as determined in this work represents information of importance for the characterization of radionuclides and toxic metals exposure, as well as for assessing the viability of mining for Th and rare-earth metals in the Fen Complex and the associated environmental impact. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000535130500005 |
Publication Date |
2020-04-27 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0265-931x |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.3 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.3; 2020 IF: 2.31 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:181195 |
Serial |
8229 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Álvarez-Martín, A.; De Winter, S.; Nuyts, G.; Hermans, J.; Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G. |
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Title |
Multi-modal approach for the characterization of resin carriers in Daylight Fluorescent Pigments |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Microchemical Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microchem J |
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| |
Volume |
159 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
105340 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
Almost seventy years after artists such as Frank Stella (1936), Andy Warhol (1928-1987), James Rosenquist (1933-2017), Herb Aach (1923-1985) and Richard Bowman (1918-2001) started to incorporate Daylight Fluorescent Pigments (DFPs) in their artworks, the extent of the conservation problems that are associated with these pigments has increased progressively. Since their first appearance on the market, their composition has constantly been improved in terms of permanency. However, conservation practices on the artworks that are used in, are complicated by the fact that the composition of DFPs is proprietary and the information provided by the manufactures is limited. To be able to propose adequate conservation strategies for artworks containing DFPs, a thorough understanding of the DFPs composition must be acquired. In contrast with previous research that concentrated on identification of the coloring dye, this paper focuses on the characterization of the resin, used as the carrier for the dye. The proposed approach, involving ATR-FTIR, SPME-GC-MS and XRF analysis, provided additional insights on the organic and inorganic components of the resin. Using this approach, we investigated historical DFPs and new formulations, as well as different series from the main manufacturing companies (DayGlo, Swada, Radiant Color and Kremer) in order to obtain a full characterization of DFPs used by the artists along the years. First, the initial PCA-assisted ATR-FTIR spectroscopy allowed for an efficient classification of the main monomers in the resin polymer. Next, a further distinction was made by mass spectrometry and XRF which were optimized to allow a more specific classification of the resin and for detection of additives. In this paper we show the potential of SPME-GC-MS, never applied for the characterization of artistic materials, at present undervalued for heritage science purposes. We anticipate that this information will be highly relevant in the future stability studies and for defining (preventive) conservation strategies of fluorescent artworks. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000598761400009 |
Publication Date |
2020-07-30 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
0026-265x; 0026-265x |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.8 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.8; 2020 IF: 3.034 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:175083 |
Serial |
8286 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Koldeweij, J.; Hoogstede, L.; Ilsink, M.; Janssens, K.; De Keyser, N.; Gotink, R.K.; Legrand, S.; Nauhaus, J.M.; van der Snickt, G.; Spronk, R. |
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Title |
The patron of Hieronymus Bosch's 'Last Judgment' triptych in Vienna |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
The Burlington magazine |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
160 |
Issue |
1379 |
Pages |
106-111 |
|
| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
|
| |
Abstract |
A technical examination of the Last Judgment triptych by Hieronymus Bosch in the Paintings Gallery of the Academy of Fine Arts, Vienna, has revealed a painted escutcheon with the coat of arms of the Burgundian court official Hippolyte de Berthoz underneath the current surface of the right outer wing. This allows him to be firmly identified as the painting's patron. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000458246800007 |
Publication Date |
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| |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0007-6287; 2044-9925 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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| |
Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
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| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:181267 |
Serial |
8656 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
|
Author |
van Loon, A.; Noble, P.; de Man, D.; Alfeld, M.; Callewaert, T.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J. |
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| |
Title |
The role of smalt in complex pigment mixtures in Rembrandt'sHomer1663: combining MA-XRF imaging, microanalysis, paint reconstructions and OCT |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
90-19 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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| |
Abstract |
As part of the NWO Science4ArtsREVISRembrandtproject (2012-2018), novel chemical imaging techniques were developed and applied to the study of Rembrandt's late experimental painting technique (1651-1669). One of the unique features in his late paintings is his abundant use of smalt: a blue cobalt glass pigment that he often combined with organic lake pigments, earth pigments and blacks. Since most of these smalt-containing paints have discolored over time, we wanted to find out more about how these paintings may have originally looked, and what the role of smalt was in his paint. This paper reports on the use of smalt in complex pigment mixtures in Rembrandt'sHomer(1663), Mauritshuis, The Hague. Macroscopic X-ray fluorescence imaging (MA-XRF) assisted by computational analysis, in combination with SEM-EDX analysis of paint cross-sections, provides new information about the distribution and composition of the smalt paints in the painting. Paint reconstructions were carried out to investigate the effect of different percentages of smalt on the overall color, the drying properties, translucency and texture of the paint. Results show that the influence of (the originally blue) smalt on the intended color of the paint of theHomeris minimal. However, in mixtures with high percentages of smalt, or when combined with more transparent pigments, it was concluded that the smalt did produce a cooler and darker paint. It was also found that the admixture of opaque pigments reduced the translucent character of the smalt. The drying tests show that the paints with (cobalt-containing) smalt dried five times faster compared to those with glass (without cobalt). Most significantly, the texture of the paint was strongly influenced by adding smalt, creating a more irregular surface topography with clearly pronounced brushstrokes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used as an additional tool to reveal differences in translucency and texture between the different paint reconstructions. In conclusion, this study confirmed earlier assumptions that Rembrandt used substantial amounts of smalt in his late paintings, not for its blue color, but to give volume and texture to his paints, to deepen their colors and to make them dry faster. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| |
Language |
|
Wos |
000565893700001 |
Publication Date |
2020-09-04 |
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| |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
2.5 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.5; 2020 IF: NA |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:171995 |
Serial |
8659 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
|
Author |
Vanmeert, F.; Van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Janssens, K. |
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| |
Title |
Velázquez? A portrait of Pope Innocent X : an X-ray imaging investigation (II) |
Type |
H3 Book chapter |
| |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
132-141
T2 - Velázquez : Anregungen, Vorschläge, L |
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| |
Keywords |
H3 Book chapter; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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| |
Abstract |
Encompassing a broad spectrum of methodological approaches and aims, the scholars contributing to this volume offer renewed perspectives on the multifaceted oeuvre of Diego Velázquez. The seventeenth-century artist’s exceptional religious works as well as his numerous portraits are examined within the social and historical context of Velázquez’s milieu which included both the Spanish court as well as circles comprising important intellectual figures of his time. Following a close investigation of his works, which also includes the results of recent technological examinations on his paintings, the contributors to this volume offer new, exciting findings and discussions on the inspirations, sources and possible intentions of Velázquez. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| |
Language |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
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| |
Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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| |
Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
|
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| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
978-3-99020-155-8 |
Additional Links |
UA library record |
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| |
Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
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| |
Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:190783 |
Serial |
8736 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
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Author |
Mayda, S.; Monico, L.; Krishnan, D.; De Meyer, S.; Cotte, M.; Garrevoet, J.; Falkenberg, G.; Sandu, I.C.A.; Partoens, B.; Lamoen, D.; Romani, A.; Miliani, C.; Verbeeck, J.; Janssens, K. |
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| |
Title |
A combined experimental and computational approach to understanding CdS pigment oxidation in a renowned early 20th century painting |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Chemistry of materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
35 |
Issue |
24 |
Pages |
10403-10415 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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| |
Abstract |
Cadmium sulfide (CdS)-based yellow pigments have been used in a number of early 20th century artworks, including The Scream series painted by Edvard Munch. Some of these unique paintings are threatened by the discoloration of these CdS-based yellow oil paints because of the oxidation of the original sulfides to sulfates. The experimental data obtained here prove that moisture and cadmium chloride compounds play a key role in promoting such oxidation. To clarify how these two factors effectively prompt the process, we studied the band alignment between CdS, CdCl2, and Cd-(OH)Cl as well as the radicals center dot OH and H3O center dot by density functional theory (DFT) methods. Our results show that a stack of several layers of Cd-(OH)Cl creates a pocket of positive holes at the Cl-terminated surface and a pocket of electrons at the OH-terminated surface by leading in a difference in ionization energy at both surfaces. The resulting band alignment indicates that Cd-(OH)Cl can indeed play the role of an oxidative catalyst for CdS in a moist environment, thus providing an explanation for the experimental evidence. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| |
Language |
|
Wos |
001133000900001 |
Publication Date |
2023-12-08 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| |
Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
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| |
ISSN |
0897-4756; 1520-5002 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
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| |
Notes |
The experimental research on the cadmium yellow powders/paint mock-ups and The Scream (ca. 1910) was financially supported by the European Union, research projects IPERION-CH (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015, GA no. 654028) and IPERION-HS (H2020-INFRAIA-2019-1, GA no. 871034) and the project AMIS within the program Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018-2022 (funded by MUR and the University of Perugia). For the beamtime grants received, the authors thank the ESRF-ID21 beamline (experiments HG64 and HG95), the DESY-P06 beamline, a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF (experiments I-20130221 EC and I-20160126 EC), and the project CALIPSOplus under the GA no. 730872 from the E.U. Framework Programme for Research and Innovation Horizon 2020. All of the staff of the MUNCH Museum (Conservation Department) is acknowledged for their collaboration. The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center) and the HPC infrastructure of the University of Antwerp (CalcUA), both funded by the FWO – Vlaanderen and the Flemish Government, Department EWI. |
Approved |
no |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:202836 |
Serial |
8999 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
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Author |
Alvarez-Martin, A.; Quanico, J.; Scovacricchi, T.; Avranovich Clerici, E.; Baggerman, G.; Janssens, K. |
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| |
Title |
Chemical mapping of the degradation of geranium lake in paint cross sections by MALDI-MSI |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
| |
Volume |
95 |
Issue |
49 |
Pages |
18215-18223 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS); Ecosphere |
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| |
Abstract |
Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has become a powerful method to extract spatially resolved chemical information in complex materials. This study provides the first use of MALDI-MSI to define spatial–temporal changes in oil paints. Due to the highly heterogeneous nature of oil paints, the sample preparation had to be optimized to prevent molecules from delocalizing. Here, we present a new protocol for the layer-specific analysis of oil paint cross sections achieving a lateral resolution of 10 μm and without losing ionization efficiency due to topographic effects. The efficacy of this method was investigated in oil paint samples containing a mixture of two historic organic pigments, geranium lake and lead white, a mixture often employed in the work of painter Vincent Van Gogh. This methodology not only allows for spatial visualization of the molecules responsible for the pink hue of the paint but also helps to elucidate the chemical changes behind the discoloration of paintings with this composition. The results demonstrate that this approach provides valuable molecular compositional information about the degradation pathways of pigments in specific paint layers and their interaction with the binding medium and other paint components and with light over time. Since a spatial correlation between molecular species and the visual pattern of the discoloration pattern can be made, we expect that mass spectrometry imaging will become highly relevant in future degradation studies of many more historical pigments and paints. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
001142876000001 |
Publication Date |
2023-11-23 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
0003-2700; 5206-882x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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| |
Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:201644 |
Serial |
9007 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
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Author |
Broers, F.T.H.; Verslype, I.; Bossers, K.W.; Vanmeert, F.; Gonzalez, V.; Garrevoet, J.; van Loon, A.; va Duijn, E.; Krekeler, A.; De Keyser, N.; Steeman, I.; Noble, P.; Janssens, K.; Meirer, F.; Keune, K. |
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| |
Title |
Correlated x-ray fluorescence and ptychographic nano-tomography on Rembrandt's The Night Watch reveals unknown lead “layer” |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
9 |
Issue |
50 |
Pages |
eadj9394-13 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
The Night Watch, one of the most famous masterpieces by Rembrandt, is the subject of a large research and conservation project. For the conservation treatment, it is of great importance to understand its current condition. Correlated nano-tomography using x-ray fluorescence and ptychography revealed a-so far unknown-lead-containing “layer”, which likely acts as a protective impregnation layer applied on the canvas before the quartz-clay ground was applied. This layer might explain the presence of lead soap protrusions in areas where no other lead components are present. In addition to the three-dimensional elemental mapping, ptychography visualizes and quantifies components not detectable by hard x-ray fluorescence such as the organic fraction and quartz. The first-time use of this combination of synchrotron-based techniques on a historic paint micro-sample shows it to be an important tool to better interpret the results of noninvasive imaging techniques operating on the macroscale. |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
001142514700010 |
Publication Date |
2023-12-15 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
2375-2548 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:203849 |
Serial |
9016 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Koirala, B.; Rasti, B.; Bnoulkacem, Z.; De Lima Ribeiro, A.; Madriz, Y.; Herrmann, E.; Gestels, A.; De Kerf, T.; Janssens, K.; Steenackers, G.; Gloaguen, R.; Scheunders, P. |
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Title |
An extensive multisensor hyperspectral benchmark datasets of intimate mixtures of mineral powders |
Type |
P1 Proceeding |
| |
Year |
2023 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
5890-5893
T2 - IGARSS 2023 - 2023 IEEE Internation |
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| |
Keywords |
P1 Proceeding; Vision lab; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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| |
Abstract |
Since many materials behave as heterogeneous intimate mixtures with which each photon interacts differently, the relationship between spectral reflectance and material composition is very complex. Quantitative validation of spectral unmixing algorithms requires high-quality ground truth fractional abundance data, which are very difficult to obtain.In this work, we generated a comprehensive hyperspectral dataset of intimate mineral powder mixtures by homogeneously mixing five different clay powders (Kaolin, Roof clay, Red clay, mixed clay, and Calcium hydroxide). In total 325 samples were prepared. Among the 325 samples, 60 mixtures were binary, 150 were ternary, 100 were quaternary, and 15 were quinary. For each mixture (and pure clay powder), reflectance spectra are acquired by 13 different sensors, with a broad wavelength range between the visible and the long-wavelength infrared regions (i.e., between 350 nm and 15385 nm) and with a large variation in sensor types, platforms, and acquisition conditions. We will make this dataset public, to be used by the community for the validation of nonlinear unmixing methodologies (https://github.com/VisionlabUA/Multisensor_datasets) |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
|
Publication Date |
2023-10-20 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
979-83-503-2010-7 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
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| |
Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:201596 |
Serial |
9035 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Derks, K.; Youchaeva, M.; Van der Snickt, G.; Van der Stighelen, K.; Janssens, K. |
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| |
Title |
Reconstructing Sweerts : practical insights into the historical dark halo technique based on paint reconstructions |
Type |
P1 Proceeding |
| |
Year |
2024 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
259-271
T2 - Alla maniera : technical art history |
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Keywords |
P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
|
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| |
ISSN |
978-90-429-5216-4 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
|
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:203062 |
Serial |
9082 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Janssens, K.L.; Peeters, F.M.; Schweigert, V.A. |
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| |
Title |
Magnetic field dependence of the properties of excitons confined in a quantum disk |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Physica status solidi: B: basic research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Phys Status Solidi B |
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| |
Volume |
224 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
763-768 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Berlin |
Editor |
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Language |
|
Wos |
000168432100030 |
Publication Date |
2004-11-23 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
0370-1972;1521-3951; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
1.674 |
Times cited |
1 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.674; 2001 IF: 0.873 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:37311 |
Serial |
1872 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Tan, H.; Tian, H.; Verbeeck, J.; Janssens, K.; Van Tendeloo, G. |
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Title |
Nanoscale investigation of the degradation mechanism of a historical chrome yellow paint by quantitative electron energy loss spectroscopy mapping of chromium species |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English |
Abbreviated Journal |
Angew Chem Int Edit |
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| |
Volume |
52 |
Issue |
43 |
Pages |
11360-11363 |
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| |
Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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| |
Abstract |
Getting the picture: The investigation of 100 year old chrome yellow paint by transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy has led to the identification of four types of coreshell particles. This nanoscale investigation has allowed a mechanism to be proposed for the darkening of some bright yellow colors in Van Gogh's paintings (e.g. in Falling leaves (Les Alyscamps), 1888). |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Weinheim |
Editor |
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Language |
|
Wos |
000330735800026 |
Publication Date |
2013-09-13 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
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| |
ISSN |
1433-7851; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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| |
Impact Factor |
11.994 |
Times cited |
29 |
Open Access |
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| |
Notes |
Esteem2; Vortex; Countatoms; esteem2jra3 ECASJO; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 11.994; 2013 IF: 11.336 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:110947UA @ admin @ c:irua:110947 |
Serial |
2266 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
|
Author |
Vanmeert, F.; De Meyer, S.; Gestels, A.; Clerici, E.A.; Deleu, N.; Legrand, S.; Van Espen, P.; Van der Snickt, G.; Alfeld, M.; Dik, J.; Monico, L.; De Nolf, W.; Cotte, M.; Gonzalez, V.; Saverwyns, S.; Depuydt-Elbaum, L.; Janssens, K. |
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| |
Title |
Non-invasive and non-destructive examination of artists’ pigments, paints and paintings by means of X-ray imaging methods |
Type |
H1 Book chapter |
| |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
|
Abbreviated Journal |
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| |
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
317-357 |
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Keywords |
H1 Book chapter; Art; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
Recent studies in which X-ray beams of (sub)micrometre to millimetre dimensions have been used for non-destructive analysis and characterization of pigments, minute paint samples and/or entire paintings from fifteenth to twentieth century artists are discussed. The overview presented encompasses the use of laboratory and synchrotron radiation-based instrumentation and deals with the use of several variants of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as a method of elemental analysis and imaging as well as with the combined use with X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microscopic XRF (μ-XRF) is a variant of the XRF method able to visualize the elemental distribution of key elements, mostly metals, on the scale from 1 μm to 100 μm present inside multi-layered micro samples taken from paintings. In the context of the characterization of artists’ pigments subjected to natural degradation, in many cases the use of methods limited to elemental analysis or imaging does not suffice to elucidate the chemical transformations that have taken place. However, at synchrotron facilities, combinations of μ-XRF with related methods such as μ-XAS (microscopic X-ray absorption spectroscopy) and μ-XRD have proven themselves to be very suitable for such studies. Since microscopic investigation of a relatively limited number of minute paint samples may not yield representative information about the complete artefact they were taken from, several methods for macroscopic, non-invasive imaging have recently been developed. Combined macroscopic XRF/XRD scanning is able to provide a fairly complete overview of the inorganic pigments employed to create a work of art, to answer questions about ongoing degradation phenomena and about its authenticity. As such these newly developed non-invasive and highly specific imaging methods are of interest for many cultural heritage stakeholders. |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
2022-09-08 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
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ISBN |
978-3-030-86864-2 |
Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:190777 |
Serial |
7183 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Allegretta, I.; Legrand, S.; Alfeld, M.; Gattullo, C.E.; Porfido, C.; Spagnuolo, M.; Janssens, K.; Terzano, R. |
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Title |
SEM-EDX hyperspectral data analysis for the study of soil aggregates |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Geoderma: an international journal of soil science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Geoderma |
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| |
Volume |
406 |
Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
Scanning electron microscopy coupled with microanalysis (SEM-EDX) is an important analytical tool for the morphological and chemical characterization of different types of materials. In many applications, SEM-EDX elemental maps are usually used and processed as images, thus flattening and reducing the spectroscopic information contained in EDX hyperspectral data cubes. The exploitation of the full hyperspectral dataset could be indeed very useful for the study of complex matrices like soil. In order to maximize the information attainable by SEM-EDX data cubes analysis, the software package “Datamuncher Gamma” was implemented and applied to study soil aggregates. By using this approach, different phases (silicates, aluminosilicates, Ca-carbonates, Ca-phosphates, organic matter, iron oxides) inside soil aggregates were successfully identified and segmented. The advantages of this method over the common ROI imaging approach are presented. Finally, this method was used to compare different aggregates in a Cr-polluted soil and understand their possible pedological history. The present method can be used for the analysis of every type of SEM-EDX data cubes, allowing its application to different types of samples and fields of study. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000708893700026 |
Publication Date |
2021-10-21 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0016-7061 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
6.1 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.1 |
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| |
Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:182493 |
Serial |
7207 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Verlinden, B.; Van Hoecke, K.; Aerts, A.; Daems, N.; Dobney, A.; Janssens, K.; Cardinaels, T. |
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Title |
Quantification of boron in cells for evaluation of drug agents used in boron neutron capture therapy |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal Of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
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Volume |
36 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
598-606 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) is an extensively studied radiotherapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. BNCT is based on irradiation of malignant tumour cells with neutrons after uptake of a B-10 containing molecule. Alpha particles, locally produced by neutron irradiation kill the cancer cells. Important for ongoing research regarding cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of a large variety of B-10 containing molecules is the accurate determination of boron concentrations in cell cultures. In this work, the sample preparation for quantitative inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis on cell cultures was optimized. By making use of acid digestion combined with UV digestion, low detection limits (0.4 mu g L-1) and full recoveries of boron could be achieved while measurements were free of spectral and non-spectral interferences. Finally, cell-associated boron in the form of 4-borono-l-phenylalanine (l-BPA) in vascular endothelial cell cultures could be determined with ICP-MS as (1.26 +/- 0.10) x 10(9) boron atoms per cell. The developed method can prove its importance for further BNCT research and elemental analysis of cell cultures. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000629283400009 |
Publication Date |
2021-01-14 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:177656 |
Serial |
8435 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Janssens, K. |
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Title |
EXRS2022 : the 2022 edition of the European X-ray Spectrometry conference, held in Bruges, Belgium |
Type |
Editorial |
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Year |
2023 |
Publication |
X-ray spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
52 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
276-278 |
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Keywords |
Editorial; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
001043528400001 |
Publication Date |
2023-08-07 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| |
ISSN |
0049-8246 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
1.2 |
Times cited |
|
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.2; 2023 IF: 1.298 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:198217 |
Serial |
8865 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Koirala, B.; Rasti, B.; Bnoulkacem, Z.; de Lima Ribeiro, A.; Madriz, Y.; Herrmann, E.; Gestels, A.; De Kerf, T.; Lorenz, S.; Fuchs, M.; Janssens, K.; Steenackers, G.; Gloaguen, R.; Scheunders, P. |
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Title |
A multisensor hyperspectral benchmark dataset for unmixing of intimate mixtures |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2024 |
Publication |
IEEE sensors journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
24 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
4694-4710 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Vision lab; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
Optical hyperspectral cameras capture the spectral reflectance of materials. Since many materials behave as heterogeneous intimate mixtures with which each photon interacts differently, the relationship between spectral reflectance and material composition is very complex. Quantitative validation of spectral unmixing algorithms requires high-quality ground truth fractional abundance data, which are very difficult to obtain. In this work, we generated a comprehensive laboratory ground truth dataset of intimately mixed mineral powders. For this, five clay powders (Kaolin, Roof clay, Red clay, mixed clay, and Calcium hydroxide) were mixed homogeneously to prepare 325 samples of 60 binary, 150 ternary, 100 quaternary, and 15 quinary mixtures. Thirteen different hyperspectral sensors have been used to acquire the reflectance spectra of these mixtures in the visible, near, short, mid, and long-wavelength infrared regions (350-15385) nm. Overlaps in wavelength regions due to the operational ranges of each sensor and variations in acquisition conditions resulted in a large amount of spectral variability. Ground truth composition is given by construction, but to verify that the generated samples are sufficiently homogeneous, XRD and XRF elemental analysis is performed. We believe these data will be beneficial for validating advanced methods for nonlinear unmixing and material composition estimation, including studying spectral variability and training supervised unmixing approaches. The datasets can be downloaded from the following link: https://github.com/VisionlabHyperspectral/Multisensor_datasets. |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Wos |
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Publication Date |
2023-12-28 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1530-437x; 1558-1748 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:203094 |
Serial |
9059 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Rahemi, V.; Sarmadian, N.; Anaf, W.; Janssens, K.; Lamoen, D.; Partoens, B.; De Wael, K. |
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Title |
Unique opto-electronic structure and photo reduction properties of sulfur doped lead chromates explaining their instability in paintings |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Analytical chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anal Chem |
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Volume |
89 |
Issue |
89 |
Pages |
3326-3334 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Chrome yellow refers to a group of synthetic inorganic pigments that became popular as an artists material from the second quarter of the 19th century. The color of the pigment, in which the chromate ion acts as a chromophore, is related to its chemical composition (PbCr1-xSxO4, with 0≤x≤0.8) and crystalline structure (monoclinic/orthorhombic). Their shades range from the yellow-orange to the paler yellow tones with increasing sulfate amount. These pigments show remarkable signs of degradation after limited time periods. Pure PbCrO4 (crocoite in its natural form) has a deep yellow color and is relatively stable, while the co-precipitate with lead sulfate (PbCr1-xSxO4) has a paler shade and seems to degrade faster. This degradation is assumed to be related to the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). We show that on increasing the sulfur(S)-content in chrome yellow, the band gap increases. Typically, when increasing the band gap, one might assume that a decrease in photo activity is the result. However, the photo activity relative to the Cr content, and thus Cr reduction, of sulfur-rich PbCr1-xSxO4 is found to be much higher compared to the sulfur-poor or non-doped lead chromates. This discrepancy can be explained by the evolution of the crystal and electronic structure as function of the sulfur content: first-principles density functional theory calculations show that both the absorption coefficient and reflection coefficients of the lead chromates change as a result of the sulfate doping in such a way that the generation of electron-hole pairs under illumination relative to the total Cr content increases. These changes in the material properties explain why paler shade yellow colors of this pigment are more prone to discoloration. The electronic structure calculations also demonstrate that lead chromate and its co-precipitates are p-type semiconductors, which explains the observed reduction reaction. As understanding this phenomenon is valuable in the field of cultural heritage, this study is the first joint action of photo-electrochemical measurements and first-principles calculations to approve the higher tendency of sulfur-rich lead chromates to darken. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Washington, D.C. |
Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000397478300015 |
Publication Date |
2017-02-23 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0003-2700 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
6.32 |
Times cited |
7 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
; The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center) and the HPC infrastructure of the University of Antwerp (CalcUA), both funded by the Hercules Foundation and the Flemish Government, department EWI. The BOF-GOA action SOLARPAINT of the University of Antwerp Research Council is acknowledged for financial support. W.A. acknowledges support from BELSPO project S2-ART. Dr. L. Monico and Dr. C. Miliani (ISTM, Perugia) are gratefully acknowledged for helpful discussions and for providing some of the initial batches of the materials studied. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.32 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:140886 |
Serial |
4451 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Marchetti, A.; Saniz, R.; Krishnan, D.; Rabbachin, L.; Nuyts, G.; De Meyer, S.; Verbeeck, J.; Janssens, K.; Pelosi, C.; Lamoen, D.; Partoens, B.; De Wael, K. |
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Title |
Unraveling the Role of Lattice Substitutions on the Stabilization of the Intrinsically Unstable Pb2Sb2O7Pyrochlore: Explaining the Lightfastness of Lead Pyroantimonate Artists’ Pigments |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Chemistry Of Materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chem Mater |
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Volume |
32 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
2863-2873 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
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Abstract |
The pyroantimonate pigments Naples yellow and lead tin antimonate yellow are recognized as some of the most stable synthetic yellow pigments in the history of art. However, this exceptional lightfastness is in contrast with experimental evidence suggesting that this class of mixed oxides is of semiconducting nature. In this study the electronic structure and light-induced behavior of the lead pyroantimonate pigments were determined by means of a combined multifaceted analytical and computational approach (photoelectrochemical measurements, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, STEM-EDS, STEM-HAADF, and density functional theory calculations). The results demonstrate both the semiconducting nature and the lightfastness of these pigments. Poor optical absorption and minority carrier mobility are the main properties responsible for the observed stability. In addition, novel fundamental insights into the role played by Na atoms in the stabilization of the otherwise intrinsically unstable Pb2Sb2O7 pyrochlore were obtained. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
000526394000016 |
Publication Date |
2020-04-14 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0897-4756 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
8.6 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
Universiteit Antwerpen; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 8.6; 2020 IF: 9.466 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:168819 |
Serial |
6363 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Monico, L.; Rosi, F.; Vivani, R.; Cartechini, L.; Janssens, K.; Gauquelin, N.; Chezganov, D.; Verbeeck, J.; Cotte, M.; D'Acapito, F.; Barni, L.; Grazia, C.; Buemi, L.P.; Andral, J.-L.; Miliani, C.; Romani, A. |
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Title |
Deeper insights into the photoluminescence properties and (photo)chemical reactivity of cadmium red (CdS1-xSex) paints in renowned twentieth century paintings by state-of-the-art investigations at multiple length scales |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
The European Physical Journal Plus |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur Phys J Plus |
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Volume |
137 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
311 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
Cadmium red is the name used for denoting a class of twentieth century artists' pigments described by the general formula CdS1-xSex. For their vibrant hues and excellent covering power, a number of renowned modern and contemporary painters, including Jackson Pollock, often used cadmium reds. As direct band gap semiconductors, CdS1-xSex compounds undergo direct radiative recombination (with emissions from the green to orange region) and radiative deactivation from intragap trapping states due to crystal defects, which give rise to two peculiar red-NIR emissions, known as deep level emissions (DLEs). The positions of the DLEs mainly depend on the Se content of CdS1-xSex; thus, photoluminescence and diffuse reflectance vis-NIR spectroscopy have been profitably used for the non-invasive identification of different cadmium red varieties in artworks over the last decade. Systematic knowledge is however currently lacking on what are the parameters related to intrinsic crystal defects of CdS1-xSex and environmental factors influencing the spectral properties of DLEs as well as on the overall (photo)chemical reactivity of cadmium reds in paint matrixes. Here, we present the application of a novel multi-length scale and multi-method approach to deepen insights into the photoluminescence properties and (photo)chemical reactivity of cadmium reds in oil paintings by combining both well established and new non-invasive/non-destructive analytical techniques, including macro-scale vis-NIR and vibrational spectroscopies and micro-/nano-scale advanced electron microscopy mapping and X-ray methods employing synchrotron radiation and conventional sources. Macro-scale vis-NIR spectroscopy data obtained from the in situ non-invasive analysis of nine masterpieces by Gerardo Dottori, Jackson Pollock and Nicolas de Stael allowed classifying the CdS1-xSex-paints in three groups, according to the relative intensity of the two DLE bands. These outcomes, combined with results from micro-/nano-scale electron microscopy mapping and X-ray analysis of a set of CdS1-xSex powders and artificially aged paint mock-ups, indicated that the relative intensity of DLEs is not affected by the morphology, microstructure and local atomic environment of the pigment particles but it is influenced by the presence of moisture. Furthermore, the extensive study of artificially aged oil paint mock-ups permitted us to provide first evidence of the tendency of cadmium reds toward photo-degradation and to establish that the conversion of CdS1-xSex to CdSO4 and/or oxalates is triggered by the oil binding medium and moisture level and depends on the Se content. Based on these findings, we could interpret the localized presence of CdSO4 and cadmium oxalate as alteration products of the original cadmium red paints in two paintings by Pollock. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000765807600002 |
Publication Date |
0000-00-00 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2190-5444 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.4 |
Times cited |
3 |
Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
g The research was financially supported by the EU FP7 and Horizon 2020 Projects CHARISMA (FP7-INFRASTRUCTURES, GA No. 228330), IPERION-CH (H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015, GA No. 654028), IPERION-HS (H2020-INFRAIA-2019-1, GA No. 871034) and ESTEEM3 (Research and innovation programme, GA No. 823717) and the Italian project AMIS (Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018–2022, funded by MIUR and Perugia University). For the beamtime grants received, we thank ESRF-ID21 (Experiment No. HG156 and in-house beamtimes) and the CERIC-ERIC Research Infrastructure for the investigations at ESRF-BM08 (LISA) beamline (Proposal Id: 20207042). D.C. acknowledges TOP/BOF funding of the University of Antwerp.; esteem3reported; esteem3TA |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.4 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:187375 |
Serial |
7060 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Gestels, A.; Van der Snickt, G.; Caen, J.; Nuyts, G.; Legrand, S.; Vanmeert, F.; Detry, F.; Janssens, K.; Steenackers, G. |
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Title |
Combined MA-XRF, MA-XRPD and SEM-EDX analysis of a medieval stained-glass panel formerly from Notre Dame, Paris reveals its material history |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Microchemical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microchem J |
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Volume |
177 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
107304 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
As part of its conservation-restoration, the 13th century stained-glass panel ‘the Annunciation’, was examined at the micro- and macro level. This window, since 1898 in the collection of the Museum Mayer Van den Bergh (Antwerp, B), was formerly a part of the southern Rose window of the Notre Dame Cathedral (Paris, F). The insigths emerging from a first phase of the analysis, comprising non-invasive analysis techniques such as optical microscopy combined with macroscopic X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) and X-ray diffraction (MA-XRPD) mapping, were used to select sampling positions for the second phase of investigation that involved micro-invasive analysis, namely scanning-electron microscopy coupled to energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX). The aim of the investigation was fourfold: (1) to assess the applicability of MA-XRF scanning for the characterisation of stained glass windows prior to any conservation or restoration procedure, (2) to assess the applicability of MA-XRPD scanning to identify the degradation products formed on the surface of stained glass windows, (3) to establish a method to limit the set of sampled glass fragments taken from a glass panel for quantititive analysis while maintaining sufficient representativeness and (4) to distinguish the original glass panes and grisaille paint from non-original glass panes that were inserted during various past interventions. Most of the panes in this window proved to consist of medieval potash glass, consistent with the 13th c. origin of the window while a limited number of panes were identified as non-original infills, with divergent glass compositional types and/or colorants. Most panes derive their color from the pot metal glass (i.e. homogenously colored) they were made of. Some of the panes that originally had a red flashed layer on their surface, completely or partially lost this layer due to weathering. Three main compositional glass families with similar color could be defined. With the exception of the yellow and orange panes, the chromophoric elements responsible for the dark(er) and light(er) blue (Co), green (Cu), purple (Mn) and red colors (Cu) were identified. Two different grisaille paints were encountered, part of which were restored during the 19th century. On the basis of this information, all missing pieces were replaced by glass panes with appropriate colors and the panel could be successfully conserved to its former glory. On the surface of several panes, typical glass degradation products such as calcite, syngenite and gypsum were identified, together with lead based degradation products such as anglesite and palmierite. In addition, the presence of hematite and melanotekite in the grisailles was observed; also the presence of Zn, uncorrelated to Cu, in the grissailes on the right side of the window became apparent. |
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Wos |
000850000900001 |
Publication Date |
2022-02-22 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0026-265x; 0026-265x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.8 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.8 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:187493 |
Serial |
7138 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Monico, L.; Prati, S.; Sciutto, G.; Catelli, E.; Romani, A.; Balbas, D.Q.; Li, Z.; De Meyer, S.; Nuyts, G.; Janssens, K.; Cotte, M.; Garrevoet, J.; Falkenberg, G.; Tardillo Suarez, V.I.; Tucoulou, R.; Mazzeo, R. |
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Title |
Development of a multi-method analytical approach based on the combination of synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-analytical techniques and vibrational micro-spectroscopy methods to unveil the causes and mechanism of darkening of “fake-gilded” decorations in a Cimabue painting |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
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Volume |
37 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
114-129 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
Redox processes activated by environmental factors have been identified as the main cause of the chromatic alterations of a number of artists' pigments, including the yellow pigment orpiment (As2S3). Although a general comprehension of the mechanisms has been provided through characterization of degradation compounds of As2S3, experimental evidences to prove how other paint components and how different environmental agents influence the formation pathways of specific secondary compounds are still lacking. Thus, it becomes fundamental to develop a methodological strategy which enable achieving a discrimination among the causes affecting the chemical stability of more heterogenous As2S3-based paints and defining the mechanism through which the alteration establishes and evolves, with the ultimate goal of optimizing the preventive conservation measures of unique masterpieces. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive multi-material and multi-method approach based on the combination of synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-analytical techniques (i.e., X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy at S K-/Ag L-3-/As K-edges) and vibrational micro-spectroscopy methods to unveil the causes and mechanism of darkening of “fake-gilded” decorations in tempera paintings, originally consisting of an unusual mixture of As2S3 and metallic silver (Ag-0). Such degradation process is a not yet understood phenomenon threatening a series of Old Master paintings, including those by the Italian painters Cimabue and Pietro Lorenzetti. The high specificity, sensitivity and lateral resolution of the employed analytical methods allowed providing first-time evidence for the presence of black acanthite (alpha-Ag2S), mimetite [Pb-5(AsO4)(3)Cl] and syngenite [K2Ca(SO4)(2)center dot H2O] as degradation products of the “fake-gilded” decorations in the Maesta by Cimabue (Church of Santa Maria dei Servi, Bologna, Italy). Furthermore, the study of the painting combined with that of tempera paint mock-ups permitted to explore and define the environmental agents and internal factors causing the darkening, by proving that: (i) Ag-0 and moisture are key-factors for triggering the transformation of As2S3 to alpha-Ag2S and As-oxides; (ii) S2--ions arising from the degradation of As2S3 are the main responsible for the formation of alpha-Ag2S; (iii) light exposure strengthens the tendency of the paint components towards alteration. Based on our findings, we finally propose a degradation mechanism of As2S3/Ag-0-based tempera paints. |
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Corporate Author |
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Wos |
000722353400001 |
Publication Date |
2021-11-18 |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.4 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.4 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:184871 |
Serial |
7142 |
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Author |
De Keyser, N.; Broers, F.; Vanmeert, F.; De Meyer, S.; Gabrieli, F.; Hermens, E.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Keune, K. |
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Title |
Reviving degraded colors of yellow flowers in 17th century still life paintings with macro- and microscale chemical imaging |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
23 |
Pages |
1-12 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS) |
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Abstract |
Over time, artist pigments are prone to degradation, which can decrease the readability of the artwork or notably change the artist's intention. In this article, the visual implication of secondary degradation products in a degraded yellow rose in a still life painting by A. Mignon is discussed as a case study. A multimodal combination of chemical and optical imaging techniques, including noninvasive macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) and macroscopic x-ray fluorescence imaging, allowed us to gain a 3D understanding of the transformation of the original intended appearance of the rose into its current degraded state. MA-XRPD enabled us to precisely correlate in situ formed products with what is optically visible on the surface and demonstrated that the precipitated lead arsenates and arsenolite from the yellow pigment orpiment and the light-induced fading of an organic yellow lake irreversibly changed the artist's intentional light-shadow modeling. |
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Wos |
000811556500011 |
Publication Date |
2022-06-08 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2375-2548 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
13.6 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 13.6 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:189657 |
Serial |
7205 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
