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Author Bruynseels, F.J.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title Laser microprobe mass spectrometric identification of sulfur species in single micrometer-size particles Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1984 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 871-873  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1984SP09600012 Publication Date 2005-03-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116521 Serial 8163  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Denoyer, E.; Van Grieken, R.; Adams, F.; Ntausch, D.F.S. doi  openurl
  Title Laser microprobe mass spectrometry : 1 : basic principles and performance characteristics Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1982 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 54 Issue 1 Pages 26a-33a  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 2012-05-29  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116517 Serial 8164  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Marguí, E.; van Meel, K.; Van Grieken, R.; Buendía, A.; Fontás, C.; Hidalgo, M.; Queralt, I. doi  openurl
  Title Method for the determination of Pd-catalyst residues in active pharmaceutical ingredients by means of high-energy polarized-beam energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2009 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 81 Issue 4 Pages 1404-1410  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract In medicinal chemistry, Pd is perhaps the most-widely utilized precious metal, as catalyst in reactions which represent key transformations toward the synthesis of new active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The disadvantage of this metal-catalyzed chemistry is that expensive and toxic metal residues are invariably left bound to the desired product. Thus, stringent regulatory guidelines exist for the amount of residual Pd that a drug candidate is allowed to contain. In this work, a rapid and simple method for the determination of Pd in API samples by high-energy polarized-beam energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has been developed and validated according to the specification limits of current legislation (10 mg kg−1 Pd) and the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH guidelines). Sample and calibration standards preparation includes a first step of homogenization and then, in a second step, the pressing of the powdered material into pellets without any chemical treatment. The use of several synthetic calibration standards made of cellulose to simulate the API matrix appears to be an effective means to obtain reliable calibration curves with a good spread of data points over the working range. With the use of the best measuring conditions, the limit of detection (0.11 mg kg−1 Pd) as well as the limit of quantitation (0.37 mg kg−1 Pd) achieved meet rigorous requirements. The repeatability of the XRF measurement appeared to be less than 2%, while the precision of the whole method was around 7%. Trueness was evaluated by analyzing spiked API samples at the level of the specification limit and calculating the recovery factor, which was better than 95%. To study the applicability of the developed methodology for the intended purpose, three batches of the studied API were analyzed for their Pd content, and the attained results were comparable to those obtained by the daily routine method (acid digestion plus atomic spectroscopy) used in most pharmaceutical laboratories.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000263319000015 Publication Date 2009-01-22  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:74340 Serial 8220  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ro, C.-U.; Osán, J.; Szalóki, I.; de Hoog, J.; Worobiec, A.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title A Monte Carlo program for quantitative electron-induced x-ray analysis of individual particles Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2003 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 75 Issue 4 Pages 851-859  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000181073800021 Publication Date 2003-02-14  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:40613 Serial 8279  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author de Gendt, S.; Van Grieken, R.E.; Ohorodnik, S.K.; Harrison, W.W. doi  openurl
  Title Parameter evaluation for the analysis of oxide-based samples with radio ferquency glow discharge mass spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1995 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 67 Issue Pages 1026-1033  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1995QM00100002 Publication Date 2005-03-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:12342 Serial 8356  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Choël, M.; Deboudt, K.; Osán, J.; Flament, P.; Van Grieken, R. doi  openurl
  Title Quantitative determination of low-Z elements in single atmospheric particles on boron substrates by automated scanning electron microscopy: energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2005 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 77 Issue 17 Pages 5686-5692  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000231652300046 Publication Date 2005-08-31  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:53593 Serial 8443  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Robberecht, H.J.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title Sub-part-per-billion determination of total dissolved selenium and selenite in environmental waters by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1980 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages 449-453  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1980JG67900021 Publication Date 2005-03-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116514 Serial 8613  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Vincze, L.; Vekemans, B.; Brenker, F.E.; Falkenberg, G.; Rickers, K.; Somogyi, A.; Kersten, M.; Adams, F. doi  openurl
  Title Three-dimensional trace element analysis by confocal X-ray microfluorescence imaging Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2004 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 76 Issue 22 Pages 6786-6791  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000225076400034 Publication Date 2004-11-12  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:49817 Serial 8669  
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Author Szalóki, I.; Osán, J.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title X-ray spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2006 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 78 Issue 12 Pages 4069-4096  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000238252600016 Publication Date 2006-06-10  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:58857 Serial 8771  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Szalóki, I.; Osán, J.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title X-ray spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2004 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 76 Issue 12 Pages 3445-3470  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000222011100014 Publication Date 2004-06-14  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:46259 Serial 8772  
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Author Szalóki, I.; Török, S.B.; Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title X-ray spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2002 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 74 Issue 12 Pages 2895-2918  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000176253700020 Publication Date 2002-07-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:39517 Serial 8773  
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Author Szalóki, I.; Török, S.B.; Ro, C.-U.; Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title X-ray spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2000 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 72 Issue 12 Pages 211-233  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000087661500018 Publication Date 2002-07-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:27850 Serial 8774  
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Author Török, S.; Labar, J.; Schmeling, M.; Van Grieken, R. openurl 
  Title X-ray spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1998 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 70 Issue Pages 495r-517r  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000074161100020 Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:20967 Serial 8776  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Török, S.B.; Labar, J.; Injuk, J.; Van Grieken, R.E. openurl 
  Title X-ray spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1996 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume R68 Issue Pages 467-485  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:14650 Serial 8777  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Török, S.B.; Van Grieken, R.E. openurl 
  Title X-ray spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1992 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 64r Issue Pages 180-196  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos A1992HZ51800011 Publication Date  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:2823 Serial 8778  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Markowicz, A.A.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title X-ray spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1990 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 62 Issue 12 Pages 101r-113r  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 2006-11-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116527 Serial 8779  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Markowicz, A.A.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title X-ray spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1988 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 60 Issue 12 Pages 28r-42r  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 2005-03-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116525 Serial 8780  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Markowicz, A.A.; Van Grieken, R.E. doi  openurl
  Title X-ray spectrometry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1986 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 58 Issue 5 Pages 279r-294r  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 2005-03-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116523 Serial 8781  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Ma, X.; Pavlidis, G.; Dillon, E.; Beltran, V.; Schwartz, J.J.; Thoury, M.; Borondics, F.; Sandt, C.; Kjoller, K.; Berrie, B.H.; Centrone, A. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Micro to nano : multiscale IR analyses reveal zinc soap heterogeneity in a 19th-century painting by Corot Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2022 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 94 Issue 7 Pages 3103-3110  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)  
  Abstract Formation and aggregation of metal carboxylates (metal soaps) can degrade the appearance and integrity of oil paints, challenging efforts to conserve painted works of art. Endeavors to understand the root cause of metal soap formation have been hampered by the limited spatial resolution of Fourier transform infrared microscopy (mu-FTIR). We overcome this limitation using optical photothermal infrared spectroscopy (O-PTIR) and photothermal-induced resonance (PTIR), two novel methods that provide IR spectra with approximate to 500 and approximate to 10 nm spatial resolutions, respectively. The distribution of chemical phases in thin sections from the top layer of a 19th-century painting is investigated at multiple scales (mu-FTIR approximate to 10(2) mu m(3), O-PTIR approximate to 10(-1) mu m(3), PTIR approximate to 10(-5) mu m(3)). The paint samples analyzed here are found to be mixtures of pigments (cobalt green, lead white), cured oil, and a rich array of intermixed, small (often << 0.1 mu m(3)) zinc soap domains. We identify Zn stearate and Zn oleate crystalline soaps with characteristic narrow IR peaks (approximate to 1530-1558 cm(-1)) and a heterogeneous, disordered, water-permeable, tetrahedral zinc soap phase, with a characteristic broad peak centered at approximate to 1596 cm(-1). We show that the high signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution afforded by O-PTIR are ideal for identifying phase-separated (or locally concentrated) species with low average concentration, while PTIR provides an unprecedented nanoscale view of distributions and associations of species in paint. This newly accessible nanocompositional information will advance our knowledge of chemical processes in oil paint and will stimulate new art conservation practices.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000766206700011 Publication Date 2022-02-09  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor Times cited Open Access OpenAccess  
  Notes Approved (down) no  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:187380 Serial 8897  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Steijlen, A.S.M.; Parrilla, M.; Van Echelpoel, R.; De Wael, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Dual microfluidic sensor system for enriched electrochemical profiling and identification of illicit drugs on-site Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2024 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 96 Issue 1 Pages 590-598  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)  
  Abstract Electrochemical sensors have emerged as a new analytical tool for illicit drug detection to facilitate ultrafast and accurate identification of suspicious compounds on-site. Drugs of abuse can be identified using their unique voltammetric fingerprint at a given pH. Today, the right buffer solution is manually selected based on drug appearance, and in some cases, a consecutive analysis in two different pH solutions is required. In this work, we present a disposable microfluidic multichannel sensor system that automatically records fingerprints in two pH solutions (e.g., pH 5 and pH 12). This system has two advantages. It will overcome the manual selection of a buffer solution at the right pH, decrease analysis time, and minimize the risk of human errors. Second, the combination of two fingerprints, the superfingerprint, contains more detailed information about the samples, which enhances the selectivity of the analytical technique. First, real-time pH measurements proved that the sample can be brought to the desired pH within a minute. Subsequently, an electrochemical study on the microfluidic platform with 1 mM illicit drug standards of MDMA, cocaine, heroin, and methamphetamine showed that the characteristic voltammetric fingerprints and peak potentials are reproducible, also in the presence of common cutting agents. Finally, the microfluidic concept was validated with real confiscated samples, showing promising results for the user-friendly identification of drugs of abuse. In short, this paper presents a successful proof-of-concept study of a multichannel microfluidic sensor system to enrich the fingerprints of illicit drugs at pH 5 and pH 12, thus providing a low-cost, portable, and rapid identification system of illicit drugs with minimal user intervention.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 001139443500001 Publication Date 2023-12-28  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 7.4 Times cited Open Access Not_Open_Access  
  Notes Approved (down) Most recent IF: 7.4; 2024 IF: 6.32  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:201877 Serial 9024  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Alvarez-Martin, A.; Quanico, J.; Scovacricchi, T.; Avranovich Clerici, E.; Baggerman, G.; Janssens, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Chemical mapping of the degradation of geranium lake in paint cross sections by MALDI-MSI Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2023 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 95 Issue 49 Pages 18215-18223  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS); Ecosphere  
  Abstract Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) has become a powerful method to extract spatially resolved chemical information in complex materials. This study provides the first use of MALDI-MSI to define spatial–temporal changes in oil paints. Due to the highly heterogeneous nature of oil paints, the sample preparation had to be optimized to prevent molecules from delocalizing. Here, we present a new protocol for the layer-specific analysis of oil paint cross sections achieving a lateral resolution of 10 μm and without losing ionization efficiency due to topographic effects. The efficacy of this method was investigated in oil paint samples containing a mixture of two historic organic pigments, geranium lake and lead white, a mixture often employed in the work of painter Vincent Van Gogh. This methodology not only allows for spatial visualization of the molecules responsible for the pink hue of the paint but also helps to elucidate the chemical changes behind the discoloration of paintings with this composition. The results demonstrate that this approach provides valuable molecular compositional information about the degradation pathways of pigments in specific paint layers and their interaction with the binding medium and other paint components and with light over time. Since a spatial correlation between molecular species and the visual pattern of the discoloration pattern can be made, we expect that mass spectrometry imaging will become highly relevant in future degradation studies of many more historical pigments and paints.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 001142876000001 Publication Date 2023-11-23  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 7.4 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) Most recent IF: 7.4; 2023 IF: 6.32  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:201644 Serial 9007  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Rahemi, V.; Trashin, S.; Hafideddine, Z.; Van Doorslaer, S.; Meynen, V.; Gorton, L.; De Wael, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Amperometric flow-injection analysis of phenols induced by reactive oxygen species generated under daylight irradiation of titania impregnated with horseradish peroxidase Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Analytical Chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 92 Issue 92 Pages 3643-3649  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a unique material for biosensing applications due to its capability of hosting enzymes. For the first time, we show that TiO2 can accumulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) under daylight irradiation and can support the catalytic cycle of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) without the need of H2O2 to be present in the solution. Phenolic compounds, such as hydroquinone (HQ) and 4-aminophenol (4-AP), were detected amperometrically in flow-injection analysis (FIA) mode via the use of an electrode modified with TiO2 impregnated with HRP. In contrast to the conventional detection scheme, no H2O2 was added to the analyte solution. Basically, the inherited ability of TiO2 to generate reactive oxygen species is used as a strategy to avoid adding H2O2 in the solution during the detection of phenolic compounds. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy indicates the presence of ROS on titania which, in interaction with HRP, initiate the electrocatalysis toward phenolic compounds. The amperometric response to 4-AP was linear in the concentration range between 0.05 and 2 μM. The sensitivity was 0.51 A M–1 cm–2, and the limit of detection (LOD) 26 nM. The proposed sensor design opens new opportunities for the detection of phenolic traces by HRP-based electrochemical biosensors, yet in a more straightforward and sensitive way following green chemistry principles of avoiding the use of reactive and harmful chemical, such as H2O2.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000518234700023 Publication Date 2020-01-27  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 7.4 Times cited 3 Open Access  
  Notes ; The authors thank Scientific Reseatch-Flanders (F-WO) (grant 12T4219N) for funding. ; Approved (down) Most recent IF: 7.4; 2020 IF: 6.32  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:166241 Serial 5463  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Schram, J.; Parrilla, M.; Sleegers, N.; Samyn, N.; Bijvoets, S.M.; Heerschop, M.W.J.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; De Wael, K. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Identifying Electrochemical Fingerprints of Ketamine with Voltammetry and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry for Its Detection in Seized Samples Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Analytical Chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 92 Issue 19 Pages 13485-13492  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Toxicological Centre  
  Abstract Herein, a straightforward electrochemical approach for the determination of ketamine in street samples and seizures is presented by employing screen-printed electrodes (SPE). Square wave voltammetry (SWV) is used to study the electrochemical behavior of the illicit drug, thus profiling the different oxidation states of the substance at different pHs. Besides, the oxidation pathway of ketamine on SPE is investigated for the first time with liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve of ketamine at buffer solution (pH 12) exhibits a sensitivity of 8.2 μA μM–1, a linear relationship between 50 and 2500 μM with excellent reproducibility (RSD = 2.2%, at 500 μM, n = 7), and a limit of detection (LOD) of 11.7 μM. Subsequently, binary mixtures of ketamine with adulterants and illicit drugs are analyzed with SWV to investigate the electrochemical fingerprint. Moreover, the profile overlapping between different substances is addressed by the introduction of an electrode pretreatment and the integration of a tailor-made script for data treatment. Finally, the approach is tested on street samples from forensic seizures. Overall, this system allows for the on-site identification of ketamine by law enforcement agents in an easy-to-use and rapid manner on cargos and seizures, thereby disrupting the distribution channel and avoiding the illicit drug reaching the end-user.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000580426800091 Publication Date 2020-10-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 7.4 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Universiteit Antwerpen; H2020 Societal Challenges, 833787 ; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, 1S3765817N 1SB8120N ; Approved (down) Most recent IF: 7.4; 2020 IF: 6.32  
  Call Number AXES @ axes @c:irua:170523 Serial 6435  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Monico, L.; Cotte, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Amidani, L.; Janssens, K.; Nuyts, G.; Garrevoet, J.; Falkenberg, G.; Glatzel, P.; Romani, A.; Miliani, C. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Damages induced by synchrotron radiation-based X-ray microanalysis in chrome yellow paints and related Cr-compounds : assessment, quantification, and mitigation strategies Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Analytical Chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 92 Issue 20 Pages 14164-14173  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Synchrotron radiation (SR)-based X-ray methods are powerful analytical tools for several purposes. They are widely used to probe the degradation mechanisms of inorganic artists' pigments in paintings, including chrome yellows (PbCr1-xSxO4; 0 <= x <= 0.8), a class of compounds often found in Van Gogh masterpieces. However, the high intensity and brightness of SR beams raise important issues regarding the potential damage inflicted on the analyzed samples. A thorough knowledge of the SR X-ray sensitivity of each class of pigment in the painting matrix is therefore required to find analytical strategies that seek to minimize the damage for preserving the integrity of the analyzed samples and to avoid data misinterpretation. Here, we employ a combination of Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, Cr-K-beta X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to monitor and quantify the effects of SR X-rays on the stability of chrome yellows and related Cr compounds and to define mitigation strategies. We found that the SR X-ray beam exposure induces changes in the oxidation state and local coordination environment of Cr ions and leads to a loss of the compound's crystalline structure. The extent of X-ray damage depends on some intrinsic properties of the samples (chemical composition of the pigment and the presence/absence and nature of the binder). It can be minimized by optimizing the overall fluence/dose released to the samples and by working in vacuum and under cryogenic conditions.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000584418100072 Publication Date 2020-09-21  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 7.4 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) Most recent IF: 7.4; 2020 IF: 6.32  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:174363 Serial 7754  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Wiorek, A.; Parrilla, M.; Cuartero, M.; Crespo, G.A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Epidermal patch with glucose biosensor : pH and temperature correction toward more accurate sweat analysis during sport practice Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Analytical Chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 92 Issue 14 Pages 10153-10161  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract We present an epidermal patch for glucose analysis in sweat incorporating for the first time pH and temperature correction according to local dynamic fluctuations in sweat during on-body tests. This sort of correction is indeed the main novelty of the paper, being crucial toward reliable measurements in every sensor based on an enzymatic element whose activity strongly depends on pH and temperature. The results herein reported for corrected glucose detection during on-body measurements are supported by a two-step validation protocol: with the biosensor operating off- and on-bodily, correlating the results with UV-vis spectrometry and/or ion chromatography. Importantly, the wearable device is a flexible skin patch that comprises a microfluidic cell designed with a sweat collection zone coupled to a fluidic channel in where the needed electrodes are placed: glucose biosensor, pH potentiometric electrode and a temperature sensor. The glucose biosensor presents a linear range of response within the expected physiological levels of glucose in sweat (10-200 mu M), and the calibration parameters are dynamically adjusted to any change in pH and temperature during the sport practice by means of a new “correction approach”. In addition, the sensor displays a fast response time, appropriate selectivity, and excellent reversibility. A total of 9 validated on-body tests are presented: the outcomes revealed a great potential of the wearable glucose sensor toward the provision of reliable physiological data linked to individuals during sport activity. In particular, the developed “correction approach” is expected to impact into the next generation of wearable devices that digitalize physiological activities through chemical information in a trustable manner for both sport and healthcare applications.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000554986200089 Publication Date 2020-06-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 7.4 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) Most recent IF: 7.4; 2020 IF: 6.32  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:175265 Serial 7931  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Newsome, G.A.; Kavich, G.; Alvarez-Martin, A. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Interface for reproducible, multishot direct analysis of solid-phase microextraction samples Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Analytical Chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 92 Issue 6 Pages 4182-4186  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract An enclosed interface that joins a direct analysis in real time (DART) probe, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber, and the inlet of a high-resolution mass spectrometer is described. Unlike other systems to couple SPME sampling to ambient mass spectrometry, the interface is able to perform discrete analyses on different areas of a single SPME fiber device for up to three technical replicate measurements of one sampling event. Inlet flow speed and desorption temperature are optimized, and reproducibility is demonstrated between replicate analyses on the same derivatized SPME fiber and with sequential fiber sampling events, yielding analyte measurement center of variance (CV) from 3 to 6%. Conditioning is also performed with the enclosed DART. The interface is a straightforward addition to commercially available technologies, and machine diagrams for custom components operated with SPME/DART/MS equipment are included.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000526563900004 Publication Date 2020-02-07  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 7.4 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) Most recent IF: 7.4; 2020 IF: 6.32  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:181926 Serial 8113  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Liu, Y.; Cánovas, R.; Crespo, G.A.; Cuartero, M. doi  openurl
  Title Thin-layer potentiometry for creatinine detection in undiluted human urine using ion-exchange membranes as barriers for charged interferences Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2020 Publication Analytical Chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 92 Issue 4 Pages 3315-3323  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)  
  Abstract Herein, thin-layer potentiometry combined with ion-exchange membranes as barriers for charged interferences is demonstrated for the analytical detection of creatinine (CRE) in undiluted human urine. Briefly, CRE diffuses through an anion-exchange membrane (AEM) from a sample contained in one fluidic compartment to a second reservoir, containing the enzyme CRE deiminase. There, CRE reacts with the enzyme, and the formation of ammonium is dynamically monitored by potentiometric ammonium-selective electrodes. This analytical concept is integrated into a lab-on-a-chip microfluidic cell that allows for a high sample throughput and the operation under stop-flow mode, which allows CRE to passively diffuse across the AEM. Conveniently, positively charged species (i.e., potassium, sodium, and ammonium, among others) are repelled by the AEM and never reach the ammonium-selective electrodes; thus, possible interference in the response can be avoided. As a result, the dynamic potential response of the electrodes is entirely ascribed to the stoichiometric formation of ammonium. The new CRE biosensor exhibits a Nernstian slope, within a linear range of response from 1 to 50 mM CRE concentration. As expected, the response time (15–60 min) primarily depends on the CRE diffusion across the AEM. CRE analysis in urine samples displayed excellent results, without requiring sample pretreatment (before the introduction of the sample in the microfluidic chip) and with high compatibility with development into a potential point-of-care clinical tool. In an attempt to decrease the analysis time, the presented analytical methodology for CRE detection is translated into an all-solid-state platform, in which the enzyme is immobilized on the surface of the ammonium-selective electrode and with the AEM on top. While more work is necessary in this direction, the CRE sensor appears to be promising for CRE analysis in both urine and blood.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 2020-01-23  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record  
  Impact Factor 7.4 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved (down) Most recent IF: 7.4; 2020 IF: 6.32  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:184380 Serial 8667  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Neven, L.; Barich, H.; Ching, H.Y.V.; Khan, S.U.; Colomier, C.; Patel, H.H.; Gorun, S.M.; Verbruggen, S.; Van Doorslaer, S.; De Wael, K. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Correlation between the fluorination degree of perfluorinated zinc phthalocyanines, their singlet oxygen generation ability, and their photoelectrochemical response for phenol sensing Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2022 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 94 Issue 13 Pages 5221-5230  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Organic synthesis (ORSY); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)  
  Abstract Electron-withdrawing perfluoroalkyl peripheral groups grafted on phthalocyanine (Pc) macrocycles improve their single-site isolation, solubility, and resistance to self-oxidation, all beneficial features for catalytic applications. A high degree of fluorination also enhances the reducibility of Pcs and could alter their singlet oxygen (1O2) photoproduction. The ethanol/toluene 20:80 vol % solvent mixture was found to dissolve perfluorinated FnPcZn complexes, n = 16, 52, and 64, and minimize the aggregation of the sterically unencumbered F16PcZn. The 1O2 production ability of FnPcZn complexes was examined using 9,10-dimethylanthracene (DMA) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMP) in combination with UV–vis and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, respectively. While the photoreduction of F52PcZn and F64PcZn in the presence of redox-active TEMP lowered 1O2 production, DMA was a suitable 1O2 trap for ranking the complexes. The solution reactivity was complemented by solid-state studies via the construction of photoelectrochemical sensors based on TiO2-supported FnPcZn, FnPcZn|TiO2. Phenol photo-oxidation by 1O2, followed by its electrochemical reduction, defines a redox cycle, the 1O2 production having been found to depend on the value of n and structural features of the supported complexes. Consistent with solution studies, F52PcZn was found to be the most efficient 1O2 generator. The insights on reactivity testing and structural–activity relationships obtained may be useful for designing efficient and robust sensors and for other 1O2-related applications of FnPcZn.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000786254500002 Publication Date 2022-03-22  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 7.4 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess  
  Notes Approved (down) Most recent IF: 7.4  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:187522 Serial 7141  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Girard-Sahun, F.; Lefrancois, P.; Badets, V.; Arbault, S.; Clement, F. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Direct sensing of superoxide and its relatives reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in phosphate buffers during cold atmospheric plasmas exposures Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2022 Publication Analytical Chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 94 Issue 14 Pages 5555-5565  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract This study aims at sensing in situ reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and specifically superoxide anion (O-2(center dot-)) in aqueous buffer solutions exposed to cold atmospheric plasmas (CAPs). CAPs were generated by ionizing He gas shielded with variable N-2/O-2 mixtures. Thanks to ultramicroelectrodes protected against the high electric fields transported by the ionization waves of CAPs, the production of superoxide and several RONS was electrochemically directly detected in liquids during their plasma exposure. Complementarily, optical emissive spectroscopy (OES) was used to study the plasma phase composition and its correlation with the chemistry in the exposed liquid. The specific production of O-2(center dot-), a biologically reactive redox species, was analyzed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), in both alkaline (pH 11), where the species is fairly stable, and physiological (pH 7.4) conditions, where it is unstable. To understand its generation with respect to the plasma chemistry, we varied the shielding gas composition of CAPs to directly impact on the RONS composition at the plasma-liquid interface. We observed that the production and accumulation of RONS in liquids, including O(2)(center dot-)depends on the plasma composition, with N-2-based shieldings providing the highest superoxide concentrations (few 10s of micromolar at most) and of its derivatives (hundreds of micromolar). In situ spectroscopic and electrochemical analyses provide a high resolution kinetic and quantitative understanding of the interactions between CAPs and physiological solutions for biomedical applications.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000805334400013 Publication Date 2022-03-28  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record  
  Impact Factor 7.4 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess  
  Notes Approved (down) Most recent IF: 7.4  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:189093 Serial 7143  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Khan, S.U.; Trashin, S.; Beltran, V.; Korostei, Y.S.; Pelmus, M.; Gorun, S.M.; Dubinina, T., V.; Verbruggen, S.W.; De Wael, K. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Photoelectrochemical behavior of phthalocyanine-sensitized TiO₂ in the presence of electron-shuttling mediators Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2022 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem  
  Volume 94 Issue 37 Pages 12723-12731  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)  
  Abstract Dye-sensitized TiO(2 )has found many applications for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC), solar-to-chemical energy conversion, water/air purification systems, and (electro)chemical sensors. We report an electrochemical system for testing dye-sensitized materials that can be utilized in photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensors and energy conversion. Unlike related systems, the reported system does not require a direct electron transfer from semiconductors to electrodes. Rather, it relies on electron shuttling by redox mediators. A range of model photocatalytic materials were prepared using three different TiO2 materials (P25, P90, and PC500) and three sterically hindered phthalocyanines (Pcs) with electron-rich tert-butyl substituents (t-Bu4PcZn, t-Bu4PcAlCl, and t-Bu4PcH2). The materials were compared with previously developed TiO(2 )modified by electron-deficient, also sterically hindered fluorinated phthalocyanine F64PcZn, a singlet oxygen (O-1(2)) producer, as well as its metal-free derivative, F64PcH2. The PEC activity depended on the redox mediator, as well as the type of TiO2 and Pc. By comparing the responses of one-electron shuttles, such as K4Fe(CN)(4), and O-1(2)-reactive electron shuttles, such as phenol, it is possible to reveal the action mechanism of the supported photosensitizers, while the overall activity can be assessed using hydroquinone. t-Bu4PcAlCl showed significantly lower blank responses and higher specific responses toward chlorophenols compared to t-Bu4PcZn due to the electron-withdrawing effect of the Al3+ metal center. The combination of reactivity insights and the need for only microgram amounts of sensing materials renders the reported system advantageous for practical applications.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000855284300001 Publication Date 2022-09-12  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 7.4 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess  
  Notes Approved (down) Most recent IF: 7.4  
  Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:190602 Serial 7190  
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