Home | << 1 2 >> |
Records | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Author | Van Gompel, M.; Atalay, A.Y.; Gaulke, A.; Van Bael, M.K.; D'Haen, J.; Turner, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Vanacken, J.; Moshchalkov, V.V.; Wagner, P. | ||||
Title | Morphological TEM studies and magnetoresistance analysis of sputtered Al-substituted ZnO films : the role of oxygen | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Physica status solidi : A : applications and materials science | Abbreviated Journal | Phys Status Solidi A |
Volume | 212 | Issue | 212 | Pages | 1191-1201 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | In this article, we report on the synthesis of thin, epitaxial films of the transparent conductive oxide Al:ZnO on (0001)-oriented synthetic sapphire substrates by DC sputtering from targets with a nominal 1 at.% Al substitution. The deposition was carried out at an unusually low substrate temperature of only 250 °C in argonoxygen mixtures as well as in pure argon. The impact of the processgas composition on the morphology was analysed by transmission electron microscopy, revealing epitaxial growth in all the cases with a minor impact of the process parameters on the resulting grain sizes. The transport properties resistivity, Hall effect and magnetoresistance were studied in the range from 10 to 300 K in DC and pulsed magnetic fields up to 45 T. While the carrier density and mobility are widely temperature independent, we identified a low fieldlow temperature regime in which the magnetoresistance shows an anomalous, negative behaviour. At higher fields and temperatures, the magnetoresistance exhibits a more conventional, positive curvature with increasing field strength. As a possible explanation, we propose carrier scattering at localised magnetic trace impurities and magnetic correlations. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000356706500003 | Publication Date | 2015-04-21 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1862-6300; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record | |
Impact Factor | 1.775 | Times cited | Open Access | ||
Notes | Methusalem project NANO; FWO; 246791 COUNTATOMS | Approved | Most recent IF: 1.775; 2015 IF: 1.616 | ||
Call Number | c:irua:126732 | Serial | 2204 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Kelchtermans, A.; Adriaensens, P.; Slocombe, D.; Kuznetsov, V.L.; Hadermann, J.; Riskin, A.; Elen, K.; Edwards, P.P.; Hardy, A.; Van Bael, M.K. | ||||
Title | Increasing the solubility limit for tetrahedral aluminium in ZnO:Al nanorods by variation in synthesis parameters | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2015 | Publication | Journal of nanomaterials | Abbreviated Journal | J Nanomater |
Volume | 2015 | Issue | 2015 | Pages | 1-8 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Nanocrystalline ZnO:Al nanoparticles are suitable building blocks for transparent conductive layers. As the concentration of substitutional tetrahedral Al is an important factor for improving conductivity, here we aim to increase the fraction of substitutional Al. To this end, synthesis parameters of a solvothermal reaction yielding ZnO:Al nanorods were varied. A unique set of complementary techniques was combined to reveal the exact position of the aluminium ions in the ZnO lattice and demonstrated its importance in order to evaluate the potential of ZnO:Al nanocrystals as optimal building blocks for solution deposited transparent conductive oxide layers. Both an extension of the solvothermal reaction time and stirring during solvothermal treatment result in a higher total tetrahedral aluminium content in the ZnO lattice. However, only the longer solvothermal treatment effectively results in an increase of the substitutional positions aimed for. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | New York, N.Y. | Editor | ||
Language | Wos | 000358516300001 | Publication Date | 2015-07-12 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1687-4110;1687-4129; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 1.871 | Times cited | 2 | Open Access | |
Notes | FWO; Methusalem | Approved | Most recent IF: 1.871; 2015 IF: 1.644 | ||
Call Number | c:irua:124426 | Serial | 1600 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.; Romero, C.P.; Lauwaet, K.; Van Bael, M.J.; Schoeters, B.; Partoens, B.; Yuecelen, E.; Lievens, P.; Van Tendeloo, G. | ||||
Title | Atomic scale dynamics of ultrasmall germanium clusters | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Nature communications | Abbreviated Journal | Nat Commun |
Volume | 3 | Issue | 897 | Pages | 897 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) | ||||
Abstract | Starting from the gas phase, small clusters can be produced and deposited with huge flexibility with regard to composition, materials choice and cluster size. Despite many advances in experimental characterization, a detailed morphology of such clusters is still lacking. Here we present an atomic scale observation as well as the dynamical behaviour of ultrasmall germanium clusters. Using quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy in combination with ab initio calculations, we are able to characterize the transition between different equilibrium geometries of a germanium cluster consisting of less than 25 atoms. Seven-membered rings, trigonal prisms and some smaller subunits are identified as possible building blocks that stabilize the structure. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000306099900024 | Publication Date | 2012-06-12 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2041-1723; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 12.124 | Times cited | 90 | Open Access | |
Notes | Fwo; Iap; Iwt | Approved | Most recent IF: 12.124; 2012 IF: 10.015 | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:100340 | Serial | 183 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Doenen, M.; Zhang, L.; Erni, R.; Williams, O.A.; Hardy, A.; van Bael, M.K.; Wagner, P.; Haenen, K.; Nesladek, M.; Van Tendeloo, G. | ||||
Title | Diamond nucleation by carbon transport from buried nanodiamond TiO2 sol-gel composites | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2009 | Publication | Advanced materials | Abbreviated Journal | Adv Mater |
Volume | 21 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 670-673 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | |||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Weinheim | Editor | ||
Language | Wos | 000263492000007 | Publication Date | 2008-12-02 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0935-9648;1521-4095; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 19.791 | Times cited | 20 | Open Access | |
Notes | Fwo; Iap-P6/42; Esteem 026019 | Approved | Most recent IF: 19.791; 2009 IF: NA | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:76329 | Serial | 688 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Li, D.Y.; Zeng, Y.J.; Pereira, L.M.C.; Batuk, D.; Hadermann, J.; Zhang, Y.Z.; Ye, Z.Z.; Temst, K.; Vantomme, A.; Van Bael, M.J.; Van Haesendonck, C.; | ||||
Title | Anisotropic magnetism and spin-dependent transport in Co nanoparticle embedded ZnO thin films | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Journal of applied physics | Abbreviated Journal | J Appl Phys |
Volume | 114 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 033909-6 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Oriented Co nanoparticles were obtained by Co ion implantation in crystalline ZnO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of elliptically shaped Co precipitates with nanometer size, which are embedded in the ZnO thin films, resulting in anisotropic magnetic behavior. The low-temperature resistance of the Co-implanted ZnO thin films follows the Efros-Shklovskii type variable-range-hopping. Large negative magnetoresistance (MR) exceeding 10% is observed in a magnetic field of 1 T at 2.5K and the negative MR survives up to 250K (0.3%). The negative MR reveals hysteresis as well as anisotropy that correlate well with the magnetic properties, clearly demonstrating the presence of spin-dependent transport. (C) 2013 AIP Publishing LLC. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | American Institute of Physics | Place of Publication | New York, N.Y. | Editor | |
Language | Wos | 000322202700071 | Publication Date | 2013-07-17 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0021-8979; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 2.068 | Times cited | 10 | Open Access | |
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.068; 2013 IF: 2.185 | |||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:110765 | Serial | 126 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | De Dobbelaere, C.; Lourdes Calzada, M.; Bretos, I.; Jimenez, R.; Ricote, J.; Hadermann, J.; Hardy, A.; Van Bael, M.K. | ||||
Title | Gaining new insight into low-temperature aqueous photochemical solution deposited ferroelectric PbTiO3 films | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Materials chemistry and physics | Abbreviated Journal | Mater Chem Phys |
Volume | 174 | Issue | Pages | 28-40 | |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | The nature of the low-temperature photochemical assisted formation process of ferroelectric lead titanate (PbTiO3) films is studied in the present work. Films are obtained by the deposition of an aqueous solution containing citric acid based (citrato) metal ion complexes with intrinsic UV activity. This UV activity is crucial for the aqueous photochemical solution deposition (aqueous PCSD) route being used. UV irradiation enhances the early decomposition of organics and results in improved electrical properties for the crystalline oxide film, even if the film is crystallized at low temperature. GATR-FTIR shows that UV irradiation promotes the decomposition of organic precursor components, resulting in homogeneous films if applied in the right temperature window during film processing. The organic content, morphology and crystallinity of the irradiated films, achieved at different processing atmospheres and temperatures, is studied and eventually correlated to the functional behavior of the obtained films. This is an important issue, as crystalline films obtained at low temperatures often lack ferroelectric responses. In this work, the film prepared in pure oxygen at the very low temperature of 400 degrees C and after an optimized UV treatment presents a significant remanent polarization value of P-r = 8.8 mu C cm(-2). This value is attributed to the better crystallinity, the larger grain size and the reduced porosity obtained thanks to the early film crystallization effectively achieved through the UV treatment in oxygen. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Lausanne | Editor | ||
Language | Wos | 000373865700005 | Publication Date | 2016-03-16 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0254-0584 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 2.084 | Times cited | 4 | Open Access | |
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.084 | |||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:144729 | Serial | 4659 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Kirsanova, M.A.; De Sloovere, D.; Karakulina, O.M.; Hadermann, J.; Van Bael, M.K.; Hardy, A.; Abakumov, A.M. | ||||
Title | Toward unlocking the Mn3+/Mn2+ redox pair in alluaudite-type Na2+2zMn2-z(SO4)3-x(SeO4)x cathodes for sodium-ion batteries | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Journal of solid state chemistry | Abbreviated Journal | J Solid State Chem |
Volume | 277 | Issue | 277 | Pages | 804-810 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | In polyanion cathodes, the inductive effect alters the potential of a M(n+1)+/Mn+ redox couple (M – transition metal) according to the electronegativity of the X cation in the polyanion groups (XO4m+). To manipulate the operating potential, we synthesized a series of mixed sulfate-selenate alluaudites, with structure formulas Na2+2zMn2-z(SO4)(3-x)(SeO4)(x) and Na2.81Ni1.60(SO4)(1.43)(SeO4)(1.57). Their crystal structure was determined from powder X-ray diffraction data, revealing that the Mn-based alluaudites form solid solutions with the same crystal structure for x = 0.75; 1.125 and 1.5. Na2.81Ni1.60(SO4)(1.43)(SeO4)(1.57) is isostructural to the Mn-based alluaudites. Although the Na2+2zMn2-z(SO4)(3-x)(SeO4)(x) compound with the highest selenium content demonstrates a reversible discharge capacity of 60 mAh g(-1), only a small part of this electrochemical activity can be ascribed to the Mn3+/Mn2+ redox couple. The redox potential of the Mn3+/Mn2+ pair in Na2+2zMn2-z(SO4)(3-)x(SeO4)(x) decreases with increasing values of x, in agreement with the lower electronegativity of Se compared to that of S. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000481726300103 | Publication Date | 2019-07-24 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0022-4596 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record | |
Impact Factor | 2.299 | Times cited | Open Access | ||
Notes | ; The authors thank the Russian Foundation for Basic Research for financial support (grant 17-03-00370), in addition to Research Foundation-Flanders (project No G040116). ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.299 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:162852 | Serial | 5401 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Hardy, A.; Van Elshocht, S.; De Dobbelaere, C.; Hadermann, J.; Pourtois, G.; De Gendt, S.; Afanas'ev, V.V.; Van Bael, M.K. | ||||
Title | Properties and thermal stability of solution processed ultrathin, high-k bismuth titanate (Bi2Ti2O7) films | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Materials research bulletin | Abbreviated Journal | Mater Res Bull |
Volume | 47 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 511-517 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
Abstract | Ultrathin bismuth titanate films (Bi2Ti2O7, 5-25 nm) are deposited onto SiO2/Si substrates by aqueous chemical solution deposition and their evolution during annealing is studied. The films crystallize into a preferentially oriented, pure pyrochlore phase between 500 and 700 degrees C, depending on the film thickness and the total thermal budget. Crystallization causes a strong increase of surface roughness compared to amorphous films. An increase of the interfacial layer thickness is observed after anneal at 600 degrees C, together with intermixing of bismuth with the substrate as shown by TEM-EDX. The band gap was determined to be similar to 3 eV from photoconductivity measurements and high dielectric constants between 30 and 130 were determined from capacitance voltage measurements, depending on the processing conditions. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | New York, N.Y. | Editor | ||
Language | Wos | 000301994100001 | Publication Date | 2012-01-10 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0025-5408; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 2.446 | Times cited | Open Access | ||
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.446; 2012 IF: 1.913 | |||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:97797 | Serial | 2727 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Batuk, D.; de Dobbelaere, C.; Tsirlin, A.A.; Abakumov, A.M.; Hardy, A.; van Bael, M.K.; Greenblatt, M.; Hadermann, J. | ||||
Title | Crystal structure and magnetic properties of the Cr-doped spiral antiferromagnet BiMnFe2O6 | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Materials research bulletin | Abbreviated Journal | Mater Res Bull |
Volume | 48 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 2993-2997 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | We report the Cr3+ for Mn3+ substitution in the BiMnFe2O6 structure. The BiCrxMn1-xFe2O6 solid solution is obtained by the solution-gel synthesis technique for the x values up to 0.3. The crystal structure investigation using a combination of X-ray powder diffraction and transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that the compounds retain the parent BiMnFe2O6 structure (for x = 0.3, a = 5.02010(6)angstrom, b = 7.06594(7)angstrom, c = 12.6174(1)angstrom, S.G. Pbcm, R-1 = 0.036, R-p = 0.011) with only a slight decrease in the cell parameters associated with the Cr3+ for Mn3+ substitution. Magnetic susceptibility measurements suggest strong similarities in the magnetic behavior of BiCrxMn1-xFe2O6 (x = 0.2; 0.3) and parent BiMnFe2O6. Only T-N slightly decreases upon Cr doping that indicates a very subtle influence of Cr3+ cations on the magnetic properties at the available substitution rates. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | New York, N.Y. | Editor | ||
Language | Wos | 000322354000002 | Publication Date | 2013-04-26 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0025-5408; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 2.446 | Times cited | 3 | Open Access | |
Notes | Fwo | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.446; 2013 IF: 1.968 | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109755 | Serial | 561 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Degutis, G.; Pobedinskas, P.; Turner, S.; Lu, Y.-G.; Al Riyami, S.; Ruttens, B.; Yoshitake, T.; D'Haen, J.; Haenen, K.; Verbeeck, J.; Hardy, A.; Van Bael, M.K. | ||||
Title | CVD diamond growth from nanodiamond seeds buried under a thin chromium layer | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Diamond and related materials | Abbreviated Journal | Diam Relat Mater |
Volume | 64 | Issue | 64 | Pages | 163-168 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | This work presents a morphological and structural analysis of CVD diamond growth on silicon from nanodiamond seeds covered by a 50 nm thick chromium layer. The role of carbon diffusion as well as chromium and carbon silicide formation is analyzed. The local diamond environment is investigated by scanning transmission electron microscopy in combination with electron energy-loss spectroscopy. The evolution of the diamond phase composition (sp3/sp2) is evaluated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. Raman and X-ray diffraction analysis are used to identify the interfacial phases formed during CVD growth. Based upon the observed morphological and structural evolution, a diamond growth model from nanodiamond seeds buried beneath a thin Cr layer is proposed. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000374608100020 | Publication Date | 2016-02-20 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0925-9635 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 2.561 | Times cited | 11 | Open Access | |
Notes | The authors acknowledge financial support provided by Research Program FWO G.056.810 and G0044.13N. A.H. and M.K.V.B are grateful to Hercules Foundation Flanders for financial support. P.P. and S.T. are Postdoctoral Fellows of the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO). The Titan microscope used for this work was partially funded by the Hercules Foundation. | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.561 | ||
Call Number | c:irua:133624UA @ admin @ c:irua:133624 | Serial | 4091 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Lu, Y.-G.; Verbeeck, J.; Turner, S.; Hardy, A.; Janssens, S.D.; De Dobbelaere, C.; Wagner, P.; Van Bael, M.K.; Van Tendeloo, G. | ||||
Title | Analytical TEM study of CVD diamond growth on TiO2 sol-gel layers | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Diamond and related materials | Abbreviated Journal | Diam Relat Mater |
Volume | 23 | Issue | Pages | 93-99 | |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | The early growth stages of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond on a solgel TiO2 film with buried ultra dispersed diamond seeds (UDD) have been studied. In order to investigate the diamond growth mechanism and understand the role of the TiO2 layer in the growth process, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-filtered TEM and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) techniques were applied to cross sectional diamond film samples. We find evidence for the formation of TiC crystallites inside the TiO2 layer at different diamond growth stages. However, there is no evidence that diamond nucleation starts from these crystallites. Carbon diffusion into the TiO2 layer and the chemical bonding state of carbon (sp2/sp3) were both extensively investigated. We provide evidence that carbon diffuses through the TiO2 layer and that the diamond seeds partially convert to amorphous carbon during growth. This carbon diffusion and diamond to amorphous carbon conversion make the seed areas below the TiO2 layer grow and bend the TiO2 layer upwards to form the nucleation center of the diamond film. In some of the protuberances a core of diamond seed remains, covered by amorphous carbon. It is however unlikely that the remaining seeds are still active during the growth process. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Amsterdam | Editor | ||
Language | Wos | 000302887600017 | Publication Date | 2012-01-26 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0925-9635; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 2.561 | Times cited | 16 | Open Access | |
Notes | Iap; Esteem 026019; Fwo | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.561; 2012 IF: 1.709 | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:95037UA @ admin @ c:irua:95037 | Serial | 111 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Wang, H.; Cuppens, J.; Biermans, E.; Bals, S.; Fernandez-Ballester, L.; Kvashnina, K.O.; Bras, W.; van Bael, M.J.; Temst, K.; Vantomme, A. | ||||
Title | Tuning of the size and the lattice parameter of ion-beam synthesized Pb nanoparticles embedded in Si | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2012 | Publication | Journal of physics: D: applied physics | Abbreviated Journal | J Phys D Appl Phys |
Volume | 45 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 035301-035301,7 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | The size and lattice constant evolution of Pb nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by high fluence implantation in crystalline Si have been studied with a variety of experimental techniques. Results obtained from small-angle x-ray scattering showed that the Pb NPs grow with increasing implantation fluence and annealing duration. The theory of NP growth kinetics can be applied to qualitatively explain the size evolution of the Pb NPs during the implantation and annealing processes. Moreover, the lattice constant of the Pb NPs was evaluated by conventional x-ray diffraction. The lattice dilatation was observed to decrease with increasing size of the Pb NPs. Such lattice constant tuning can be attributed to the pseudomorphism caused by the lattice mismatch between the Pb NPs and the Si matrix. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | London | Editor | ||
Language | Wos | 000299308400008 | Publication Date | 2011-12-23 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0022-3727;1361-6463; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 2.588 | Times cited | 5 | Open Access | |
Notes | Fwo; Iap | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.588; 2012 IF: 2.528 | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:94208 | Serial | 3754 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Wang, H.; Picot, T.; Houben, K.; Moorkens, T.; Grigg, J.; Van Haesendonck, C.; Biermans, E.; Bals, S.; Brown, S.A.; Vantomme, A.; Temst, K.; Van Bael, M.J.; | ||||
Title | The superconducting proximity effect in epitaxial Al/Pb nanocomposites | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Superconductor science and technology | Abbreviated Journal | Supercond Sci Tech |
Volume | 27 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 015008-8 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | We have investigated the superconducting properties of Pb nanoparticles with a diameter ranging from 8 to 20 nm, synthesized by Pb+ ion implantation in a crystalline Al matrix. A detailed structural characterization of the nanocomposites reveals the highly epitaxial relation between the Al crystalline matrix and the Pb nanoparticles. The Al/Pb nanocomposites display a single superconducting transition, with the critical temperature T-c increasing with the Pb content. The dependence of T-c on the Pb/Al volume ratio was compared with theoretical models of the superconducting proximity effect based on the bulk properties of Al and Pb. A very good correspondence with the strong-coupling proximity effect model was found, with an electron-phonon coupling constant in the Pb nanoparticles slightly reduced compared to bulk Pb. Our result differs from other studies on Pb nanoparticle based proximity systems where weak-coupling models were found to better describe the T-c dependence. We infer that the high interface quality resulting from the ion implantation synthesis method is a determining factor for the superconducting properties. Critical field and critical current measurements support the high quality of the nanocomposite superconducting films. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Bristol | Editor | ||
Language | Wos | 000328275000010 | Publication Date | 2013-11-28 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0953-2048;1361-6668; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 2.878 | Times cited | 2 | Open Access | Not_Open_Access |
Notes | ; This work was supported by the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO), the KU Leuven BOF Concerted Research Action programs (GOA/09/006, the KU Leuven BOF CREA/12/015 project, and GOA/14/007) and the EU FP7 program SPIRIT (227012). TP and KH are postdoctoral research fellow and doctoral fellow of the FWO. ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 2.878; 2014 IF: 2.325 | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:112833 | Serial | 3599 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Sankaran, K.J.; Deshmukh, S.; Korneychuk, S.; Yeh, C.-J.; Thomas, J.P.; Drijkoningen, S.; Pobedinskas, P.; Van Bael, M.K.; Verbeeck, J.; Leou, K.-C.; Leung, K.-T.; Roy, S.S.; Lin, I.-N.; Haenen, K. | ||||
Title | Fabrication, microstructure, and enhanced thermionic electron emission properties of vertically aligned nitrogen-doped nanocrystalline diamond nanorods | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | MRS communications | Abbreviated Journal | Mrs Commun |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 1311-1320 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Vertically aligned nitrogen-doped nanocrystalline diamond nanorods are fabricated from nitrogen-doped nanocrystalline diamond films using reactive ion etching in oxygen plasma. These nanorods show enhanced thermionic electron emission (TEE) characteristics, viz.. a high current density of 12.0 mA/cm(2) and a work function value of 4.5 eV with an applied voltage of 3 Vat 923 K. The enhanced TEE characteristics of these nanorods are ascribed to the induction of nanographitic phases at the grain boundaries and the field penetration effect through the local field enhancement from nanorods owing to a high aspect ratio and an excellent field enhancement factor. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000448887900089 | Publication Date | 2018-08-22 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2159-6859; 2159-6867 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 3.01 | Times cited | 1 | Open Access | |
Notes | The authors thank the financial support of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) via Research Grant 12I8416N and Research Project 1519817N, and the Methusalem “NANO” network. The Hercules Foundation Flanders is acknowledged for financial support of the Raman equipment. The Qu-Ant-EM microscope used for the TEM experiments was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. S.K. and J.V. acknowledge funding from GOA project “Solarpaint” of the University of Antwerp. K.J. Sankaran and P. Pobedinskas are Postdoctoral Fellows of FWO. | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.01 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:155521 | Serial | 5364 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Sankaran, K.J.; Duc Quang Hoang; Korneychuk, S.; Kunuku, S.; Thomas, J.P.; Pobedinskas, P.; Drijkoningen, S.; Van Bael, M.K.; D'Haen, J.; Verbeeck, J.; Leou, K.-C.; Leung, K.T.; Lin, I.-N.; Haenen, K. | ||||
Title | Hierarchical hexagonal boron nitride nanowall-diamond nanorod heterostructures with enhanced optoelectronic performance | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | RSC advances | Abbreviated Journal | Rsc Adv |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 93 | Pages | 90338-90346 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | A superior field electron emission (FEE) source made from a hierarchical heterostructure, where two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanowalls were coated on one-dimensional diamond nanorods (DNRs), is fabricated using a simple and scalable method. FEE characteristics of hBN-DNR display a low turn-on field of 6.0 V mu m(-1), a high field enhancement factor of 5870 and a high life-time stability of 435 min. Such an enhancement in the FEE properties of hBN-DNR derives from the distinctive material combination, i.e., high aspect ratio of the heterostructure, good electron transport from the DNR to the hBN nanowalls and efficient field emission of electrons from the hBN nanowalls. The prospective application of these heterostructures is further evidenced by enhanced microplasma devices using hBN-DNR as a cathode, in which the threshold voltage was lowered to 350 V, affirming the role of hBN-DNR in the improvement of electron emission. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000385451800044 | Publication Date | 2016-09-12 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2046-2069 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 3.108 | Times cited | 8 | Open Access | |
Notes | The authors like to thank the financial support of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) via Research Projects G.0456.12 and G.0044.13N, the Methusalem “NANO” network. KJ Sankaran, and P Pobedinskas are Postdoctoral Fellows of the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO). | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.108 | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:144757UA @ admin @ c:irua:144757 | Serial | 4662 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Ulu Okudur, F.; D'Haen, J.; Vranken, T.; De Sloovere, D.; Verheijen, M.; Karakulina, O.M.; Abakumov, A.M.; Hadermann, J.; Van Bael, M.K.; Hardy, A. | ||||
Title | Ti surface doping of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4−δpositive electrodes for lithium ion batteries | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2018 | Publication | RSC advances | Abbreviated Journal | Rsc Adv |
Volume | 8 | Issue | 13 | Pages | 7287-7300 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | The particle surface of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4−δ (LNMO), a Li-ion battery cathode material, has been modified by Ti cation doping through a hydrolysis–condensation reaction followed by annealing in oxygen. The effect of different annealing temperatures (500–850 °C) on the Ti distribution and electrochemical performance of the surface modified LNMO was investigated. Ti cations diffuse from the preformed amorphous ‘TiOx’ layer into the LNMO surface during annealing at 500 °C. This results in a 2–4 nm thick Ti-rich spinel surface having lower Mn and Ni content compared to the core of the LNMO particles, which was observed with scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with compositional EDX mapping. An increase in the annealing temperature promotes the formation of a Ti bulk doped LiNi(0.5−w)Mn(1.5+w)−tTitO4 phase and Ti-rich LiNi0.5Mn1.5−yTiyO4 segregates above 750 °C. Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry indicates increasing Ni–Mn ordering with annealing temperature, for both bare and surface modified LNMO. Ti surface modified LNMO annealed at 500 °C shows a superior cyclic stability, coulombic efficiency and rate performance compared to bare LNMO annealed at 500 °C when cycled at 3.4–4.9 V vs. Li/Li+. The improvements are probably due to suppressed Ni and Mn dissolution with Ti surface doping. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000425508900064 | Publication Date | 2018-02-13 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2046-2069 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 3.108 | Times cited | 9 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | This research is supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen, grant number G040116N). This project receives the support of the European Union, the European Regional Development Fund ERDF, Flanders Innovation & Entrepreneurship and the Province of Limburg (project 936). Greet Cuyvers and Gilles Bonneux (UHasselt) are acknowledged for the ICP-AES sample preparation and measurements. Vera Meynen and Karen Leyssens (Antwerp University, Belgium) are acknowledged for the BET measurements. Special thanks to Bart Ruttens (UHasselt) for XRD measurements and discussions on the refinements. | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.108 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:149513 | Serial | 4905 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Damm, H.; Kelchtermans, A.; Bertha, A.; Van den Broeck, F.; Elen, K.; Martins, J.C.; Carleer, R.; D'Haen, J.; De Dobbelaere, C.; Hadermann, J.; Hardy, A.; Van Bael, M.K.; | ||||
Title | Thermal decomposition synthesis of Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles : an in-depth study | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | RSC advances | Abbreviated Journal | Rsc Adv |
Volume | 3 | Issue | 45 | Pages | 23745-23754 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles are synthesized by means of a heating up solution based thermal decomposition method. The synthesis involves a reaction of zinc acetylacetonate hydrate, aluminium acetylacetonate and 1,2-hexadecanediol in the presence of oleic acid and oleyl amine. A proposed reaction mechanism from reagents to monomers is corroborated by analysis of the evolving gases using headspace GC-MS analysis. The Al-doped ZnO nanoparticles synthesized are dynamically stabilized by adsorbed oleate ions, after deprotonation of oleic acid by oleyl amine, as was found by NOESY proton NMR and complementary FTIR spectroscopy. Precession electron diffraction shows a simultaneous increase in lattice parameters with Al concentration. This, together with HAADF-STEM and EDX maps, indicates the incorporation of Al into the ZnO nanoparticles. By the combination of complementary characterization methods during all stages of the synthesis, it is concluded that Al is incorporated into the ZnO wurtzite lattice as a dopant. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000326395800139 | Publication Date | 2013-10-18 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2046-2069; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 3.108 | Times cited | 10 | Open Access | |
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.108; 2013 IF: 3.708 | |||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:112753 | Serial | 3627 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Cavaliere, E.; Benetti, G.; Van Bael, M.; Winckelmans, N.; Bals, S.; Gavioli, L. | ||||
Title | Exploring the Optical and Morphological Properties of Ag and Ag/TiO2 Nanocomposites Grown by Supersonic Cluster Beam Deposition | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Nanomaterials | Abbreviated Journal | Nanomaterials-Basel |
Volume | 7 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 442 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Nanocomposite systems and nanoparticle (NP) films are crucial for many applications and research fields. The structure-properties correlation raises complex questions due to the collective structure of these systems, often granular and porous, a crucial factor impacting their effectiveness and performance. In this framework, we investigate the optical and morphological properties of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) films and of Ag NPs/TiO₂ porous matrix films, one-step grown by supersonic cluster beam deposition. Morphology and structure of the Ag NPs film and of the Ag/TiO₂ (Ag/Ti 50-50) nanocomposite are related to the optical properties of the film employing spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). We employ a simple Bruggeman effective medium approximation model, corrected by finite size effects of the nano-objects in the film structure to gather information on the structure and morphology of the nanocomposites, in particular porosity and average NPs size for the Ag/TiO₂ NP film. Our results suggest that SE is a simple, quick and effective method to measure porosity of nanoscale films and systems, where standard methods for measuring pore sizes might not be applicable. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000419186800037 | Publication Date | 2017-12-13 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2079-4991 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 3.553 | Times cited | 19 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | The authors thank Gabriele Ferrini for fruitful discussions on the spectroscopic ellipsometry model and Francesco Rossella from NEST for the optical profilometry data. The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Union through the 7th Framework Program (FP7) under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (Reference No. 312483 ESTEEM2). Luca Gavioli, Emanuele Cavaliere and Giulio Benetti acknowledge support from Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore through D.1.1 and D.3.1 grants. | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.553 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:147862UA @ admin @ c:irua:147862 | Serial | 4802 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Nulens, L.; Dausy, H.; Wyszynski, M.J.; Raes, B.; Van Bael, M.J.; Milošević, M.V.; Van de Vondel, J. | ||||
Title | Metastable states and hidden phase slips in nanobridge SQUIDs | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2022 | Publication | Physical review B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys Rev B |
Volume | 106 | Issue | 13 | Pages | 134518-134519 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) | ||||
Abstract | We fabricated an asymmetric nanoscale SQUID consisting of one nanobridge weak link and one Dayem bridge weak link. The current phase relation of these particular weak links is characterized by multivaluedness and linearity. While the latter is responsible for a particular magnetic field dependence of the critical current (so-called vorticity diamonds), the former enables the possibility of different vorticity states (phase winding numbers) existing at one magnetic field value. In experiments the observed critical current value is stochastic in nature, does not necessarily coincide with the current associated with the lowest energy state and critically depends on the measurement conditions. In this paper, we unravel the origin of the observed metastability as a result of the phase dynamics happening during the freezing process and while sweeping the current. Moreover, we employ special measurement protocols to prepare the desired vorticity state and identify the (hidden) phase slip dynamics ruling the detected state of these nanodevices. In order to gain insights into the dynamics of the condensate and, more specifically the hidden phase slips, we performed time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau simulations. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000904657300007 | Publication Date | 2022-10-31 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2469-9969; 2469-9950 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 3.7 | Times cited | 1 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.7 | |||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:193393 | Serial | 7321 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Houben, K.; Couet, S.; Trekels, M.; Menendez, E.; Peissker, T.; Seo, J.W.; Hu, M.Y.; Zhao, J.Y.; Alp, E.E.; Roelants, S.; Partoens, B.; Milošević, M.V.; Peeters, F.M.; Bessas, D.; Brown, S.A.; Vantomme, A.; Temst, K.; Van Bael, M.J. | ||||
Title | Lattice dynamics in Sn nanoislands and cluster-assembled films | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Physical review B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys Rev B |
Volume | 95 | Issue | 15 | Pages | 155413 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) | ||||
Abstract | To unravel the effects of phonon confinement, the influence of size and morphology on the atomic vibrations is investigated in Sn nanoislands and cluster-assembled films. Nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering is used to probe the phonon densities of states of the Sn nanostructures which show significant broadening of the features compared to bulk phonon behavior. Supported by ab initio calculations, the broadening is attributed to phonon scattering and can be described within the damped harmonic oscillator model. Contrary to the expectations based on previous research, the appearance of high-energy modes above the cutoff energy is not observed. From the thermodynamic properties extracted from the phonon densities of states, it was found that grain boundary Sn atoms are bound by weaker forces than bulk Sn atoms. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | American Physical Society | Place of Publication | New York, N.Y | Editor | |
Language | Wos | 000401762400008 | Publication Date | 2017-04-11 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2469-9969; 2469-9950 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 3.836 | Times cited | 5 | Open Access | |
Notes | ; This work was supported by the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO) and the Concerted Research Action (GOA/14/007). The authors acknowledge Hercules stichting (Projects No. AKUL/13/19 and No. AKUL/13/25). K.H. and S.C. thank the FWO for financial support. T.P. acknowledges the IWT for financial support. S.R., M.V.M., and B.P. acknowledge TOPBOF funding of the University of Antwerp Research Fund. J.W.S. acknowledges Hercules Stichting (Project No. AKUL/13/19). The authors want to thank R. Lieten for help with the XRD measurements and T. Picot for fruitful discussions. The authors gratefully acknowledge R. Ruffer and A. I. Chumakov for fruitful discussions and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility for the measurement of the SnO<INF>2</INF> powder at the Nuclear Resonance beamline (ID-18). This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.836 | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:144305 | Serial | 4667 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Augustyns, V.; van Stiphout, K.; Joly, V.; Lima, T.A.L.; Lippertz, G.; Trekels, M.; Menendez, E.; Kremer, F.; Wahl, U.; Costa, A.R.G.; Correia, J.G.; Banerjee, D.; Gunnlaugsson, H.P.; von Bardeleben, J.; Vickridge, I.; Van Bael, M.J.; Hadermann, J.; Araujo, J.P.; Temst, K.; Vantomme, A.; Pereira, L.M.C. | ||||
Title | Evidence of tetragonal distortion as the origin of the ferromagnetic ground state in gamma-Fe nanoparticles | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Physical review B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys Rev B |
Volume | 96 | Issue | 17 | Pages | 174410 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | <script type='text/javascript'>document.write(unpmarked('gamma-Fe and related alloys are model systems of the coupling between structure and magnetism in solids. Since different electronic states (with different volumes and magnetic ordering states) are closely spaced in energy, small perturbations can alter which one is the actual ground state. Here, we demonstrate that the ferromagnetic state of gamma-Fe nanoparticles is associated with a tetragonal distortion of the fcc structure. Combining a wide range of complementary experimental techniques, including low-temperature Mossbauer spectroscopy, advanced transmission electron microscopy, and synchrotron radiation techniques, we unambiguously identify the tetragonally distorted ferromagnetic ground state, with lattice parameters a = 3.76(2) angstrom and c = 3.50(2) angstrom, and a magnetic moment of 2.45(5) mu(B) per Fe atom. Our findings indicate that the ferromagnetic order in nanostructured gamma-Fe is generally associated with a tetragonal distortion. This observation motivates a theoretical reassessment of the electronic structure of gamma-Fe taking tetragonal distortion into account.')); | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | American Physical Society | Place of Publication | New York, N.Y | Editor | |
Language | Wos | 000414525200005 | Publication Date | 2017-11-07 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2469-9969; 2469-9950 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 3.836 | Times cited | 1 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | ; The authors thank the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders, the Concerted Research Action of the KU Leuven (GOA/14/007), the KU Leuven BOF (STRT/14/002), the Hercules Foundation, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (CERN/FIS-NUC/0004/2015), and the European Union Seventh Framework through ENSAR2 (European Nuclear Science and Applications Research, Project No. 654002), and SPIRIT (Support of Public and Industrial Research Using Ion Beam Technology, Contract No. 227012). We acknowledge the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) for providing beam time (experiments 26-01-1018, 26-01-1057, 20-02-728, HC-1850, HC-2208), as well as C. Baehtz, N. Boudet, and N. Blancand for support during the experiments. We acknowledge the ISOLDE-CERN facility for providing beam time (experiment IS580) and technical assistance. The authors (L.M.C.P., F.K.) acknowledge the facilities and the scientific and technical assistance of the Australian Microscopy & Microanalysis Research Facility at the Centre for Advanced Microscopy, Australian National University. We also acknowledge the contribution of Prof. Mark Ridgway (Australian National University), who passed away before the work was completed. ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.836 | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:147387 | Serial | 4873 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Lozano, D.P.; Couet, S.; Petermann, C.; Hamoir, G.; Jochum, J.K.; Picot, T.; Menendez, E.; Houben, K.; Joly, V.; Antohe, V.A.; Hu, M.Y.; Leu, B.M.; Alatas, A.; Said, A.H.; Roelants, S.; Partoens, B.; Milošević, M.V.; Peeters, F.M.; Piraux, L.; Van de Vondel, J.; Vantomme, A.; Temst, K.; Van Bael, M.J. | ||||
Title | Experimental observation of electron-phonon coupling enhancement in Sn nanowires caused by phonon confinement effects | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Physical review B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys Rev B |
Volume | 99 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 064512 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) | ||||
Abstract | Reducing the size of a superconductor below its characteristic length scales can either enhance or suppress its critical temperature (T-c). Depending on the bulk value of the electron-phonon coupling strength, electronic and phonon confinement effects will play different roles in the modification of T-c. Experimentally disentangling each contribution has remained a challenge. We have measured both the phonon density of states and T-c of Sn nanowires with diameters of 18, 35, and 100 nm in order to quantify the effects of phonon confinement on superconductivity. We observe a shift of the phonon frequency towards the low-energy region and an increase in the electron-phonon coupling constant that can account for the measured increase in T-c. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000459322400005 | Publication Date | 2019-02-21 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2469-9969; 2469-9950 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 3.836 | Times cited | 11 | Open Access | |
Notes | ; We would like to thanks Jeroen Scheerder and Wout Keijers for their help and assistance during the low-temperature measurements. This work was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), the Concerted Research Action (GOA/14/ 007), the Federation Wallonie-Bruxelles (ARC 13/18-052, Supracryst) and the Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique -FNRS under Grant No. T.0006.16. The authors acknowledge Hercules Stichting (Project Nos. AKUL/13/19 and AKUL/13/25). D.P.L. thanks the FWO for financial support. This research used resources of the Advanced Photon Source, a US Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science User Facility operated for the DOE Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.836 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:158621 | Serial | 5212 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Houben, K.; Jochum, J.K.; Lozano, D.P.; Bisht, M.; Menendez, E.; Merkel, D.G.; Ruffer, R.; Chumakov, A., I; Roelants, S.; Partoens, B.; Milošević, M.V.; Peeters, F.M.; Couet, S.; Vantomme, A.; Temst, K.; Van Bael, M.J. | ||||
Title | In situ study of the \alpha-Sn to \beta-Sn phase transition in low-dimensional systems : phonon behavior and thermodynamic properties | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2019 | Publication | Physical review B | Abbreviated Journal | Phys Rev B |
Volume | 100 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 075408 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) | ||||
Abstract | The densities of phonon states of thin Sn films on InSb substrates are determined during different stages of the alpha-Sn to beta-Sn phase transition using nuclear inelastic x-ray scattering. The vibrational entropy and internal energy per atom as a function of temperature are obtained by numerical integration of the phonon density of states. The free energy as a function of temperature for the nanoscale samples is compared to the free energy obtained from ab initio calculations of bulk tin in the alpha-Sn and beta-Sn phase. In thin films this phase transition is governed by the interplay between the vibrational behavior of the film (the phase transition is driven by the vibrational entropy) and the stabilizing influence of the substrate (which depends on the film thickness). This brings a deeper understanding of the role of lattice vibrations in the phase transition of nanoscale Sn. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000478992800005 | Publication Date | 2019-08-08 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2469-9969; 2469-9950 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 3.836 | Times cited | 9 | Open Access | |
Notes | ; This work was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) and the Concerted Research Action (Grant No. GOA14/007). K.H., S.C., D.P.L., and E.M. wish to thank the FWO for financial support. The authors gratefully acknowledge the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) for the granted beam time and the use of the in situ UHV preparation chamber. The authors thank B. Opperdoes for technical support and T. Peissker and R. Lieten for fruitful discussions. ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.836 | ||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:161836 | Serial | 5416 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Dobrynin, A.N.; Ievlev, D.N.; Verschoren, G.; Swerts, J.; van Bael, M.J.; Temst, K.; Lievens, P.; Piscopiello, E.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Zhou, S.Q.; Vantomme, A. | ||||
Title | Atomic-scale modification of hybrid FePt cluster-assembled films | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2006 | Publication | Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics | Abbreviated Journal | Phys Rev B |
Volume | 73 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 104421,1-8 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | |||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Lancaster, Pa | Editor | ||
Language | Wos | 000236467200069 | Publication Date | 2006-06-10 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1098-0121;1550-235X; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 3.836 | Times cited | 13 | Open Access | |
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.836; 2006 IF: 3.107 | |||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:57736 | Serial | 187 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Couet, S.; Peelaers, H.; Trekels, M.; Houben, K.; Petermann, C.; Hu, M.Y.; Zhao, J.Y.; Bi, W.; Alp, E.E.; Menéndez, E.; Partoens, B.; Peeters, F.M.; Van Bael, M.J.; Vantomme, A.; Temst, K.; | ||||
Title | Interplay between lattice dynamics and superconductivity in Nb3Sn thin films | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2013 | Publication | Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics | Abbreviated Journal | Phys Rev B |
Volume | 88 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 045437-7 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) | ||||
Abstract | We investigate the link between superconductivity and atomic vibrations in Nb3Sn films with a thickness ranging from 10 to 50 nm. The challenge of measuring the phonon density of states (PDOS) of these films has been tackled by employing the technique of nuclear inelastic scattering by Sn-119 isotopes to reveal the Sn-partial phonon density of states. With the support of ab initio calculations, we evaluate the effect of reduced film thickness on the PDOS. This approach allows us to estimate the changes in superconducting critical temperature T-c induced by phonon confinement, which turned out to be limited to a few tenths of K. The presented method is successful for the Nb3Sn system and paves the way for more systematic studies of the role of phonon confinement in Sn-containing superconductors. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000322529900004 | Publication Date | 2013-07-27 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1098-0121;1550-235X; | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 3.836 | Times cited | 5 | Open Access | |
Notes | ; The authors would like to cordially thank Dr. Rudolf Ruffer from the nuclear resonant scattering group of the ESRF for the support and gratefully acknowledge the ESRF for providing beamtime for the preliminary phonon study. S. C., K. H., and E. M. thank the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO-Vl) for their personal fellowship. This work was supported by FWO-Vl, the Methusalem program of the Flemish government, and the Concerted Research Action program (GOA/09/ 006) and (GOA/14/007). Use of the Advanced Photon Source, an Office of Science User Facility operated for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science by Argonne National Laboratory, was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.836; 2013 IF: 3.664 | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109801 | Serial | 1702 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Ulu Okudur, F.; Batuk, M.; Hadermann, J.; Safari, M.; De Sloovere, D.; Kumar Mylavarapu, S.; Joos, B.; D'Haen, J.; Van Bael, M.K.; Hardy, A. | ||||
Title | Solution-gel-based surface modification of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-δ with amorphous Li-Ti-O coating | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2023 | Publication | RSC advances | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 13 | Issue | 47 | Pages | 33146-33158 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | LNMO (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4-delta) is a high-energy density positive electrode material for lithium ion batteries. Unfortunately, it suffers from capacity loss and impedance rise during cycling due to electrolyte oxidation and electrode/electrolyte interface instabilities at high operating voltages. Here, a solution-gel synthesis route was used to coat 0.5-2.5 mu m LNMO particles with amorphous Li-Ti-O (LTO) for improved Li conduction, surface structural stability and cyclability. High-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) analysis coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) showed Ti-rich amorphous coatings/islands or Ti-rich spinel layers on many of the LTO-modified LNMO facets, with a thickness varying from about 1 to 10 nm. The surface modification in the form of amorphous islands was mostly possible on high-energy crystal facets. Physicochemical observations were used to propose a molecular mechanism for the surface modification, combining insights from metalorganic chemistry with the crystallographic properties of LNMO. The improvements in functional properties were investigated in half cells. The cell impedance increased faster for the bare LNMO compared to amorphous LTO modified LNMO, resulting in R-ct values as high as 1247 Omega (after 1000 cycles) for bare LNMO, against 216 Omega for the modified material. At 10C, the modified material boosted a 15% increase in average discharge capacity. The improvements in electrochemical performance were attributed to the increase in electrochemically active surface area, as well as to improved HF-scavenging, resulting in the formation of protective byproducts, generating a more stable interface during prolonged cycling. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 001102666700001 | Publication Date | 2023-11-09 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2046-2069 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record | |
Impact Factor | 3.9 | Times cited | Open Access | ||
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 3.9; 2023 IF: 3.108 | |||
Call Number | UA @ admin @ c:irua:202091 | Serial | 9096 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Hoang, D.-Q.; Pobedinskas, P.; Nicley, S.S.; Turner, S.; Janssens, S.D.; Van Bael, M.K.; D'Haen, J.; Haenen, K. | ||||
Title | Elucidation of the Growth Mechanism of Sputtered 2D Hexagonal Boron Nitride Nanowalls | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Crystal growth & design | Abbreviated Journal | Cryst Growth Des |
Volume | 16 | Issue | 7 | Pages | 3699-3708 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Hexagonal boron nitride nanowall thin films were deposited on Si(100) substrates using a Ar(51%)/N-2(44%)/H-2(5%) gas mixture by unbalanced radio frequency sputtering. The effects of various target-to-substrate distances, substrate temperatures, and substrate tilting angles were investigated. When the substrate is close to the target, hydrogen etching plays a significant role in the film growth, while the effect is negligible for films deposited at a farther distance. The relative quantity of defects was measured by a non-destructive infrared spectroscopy technique that characterized the hydrogen incorporation at dangling nitrogen bonds at defect sites in the deposited films. Despite the films deposited at different substrate tilting angles, the nanowalls of those films were found to consistently grow vertical to the substrate surface, independent of the tilting angle. This implies that chemical processes, rather than physical ones, govern the growth of the nanowalls. The results also reveal that the degree of nanowall crystallization is tunable by varying the growth parameters. Finally, evidence of hydrogen desorption during vacuum annealing is given based on measurements of infrared stretching (E-1u) and bending (A(2u)) modes of the optical phonons, and the H-N vibration mode. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000379456700020 | Publication Date | 2016-05-25 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1528-7483 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 4.055 | Times cited | 8 | Open Access | |
Notes | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.055 | |||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:144690 | Serial | 4652 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Drijkoningen, S.; Pobedinskas, P.; Korneychuk, S.; Momot, A.; Balasubramaniam, Y.; Van Bael, M.K.; Turner, S.; Verbeeck, J.; Nesladekt, M.; Haenen, K. | ||||
Title | On the Origin of Diamond Plates Deposited at Low Temperature | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Crystal growth & design | Abbreviated Journal | Cryst Growth Des |
Volume | 17 | Issue | 8 | Pages | 4306-4314 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | The crucial requirement for diamond growth at low temperatures, enabling a wide range of new applications, is a high plasma density at a low gas pressure, which leads to a low thermal load onto sensitive substrate materials. While these conditions are not within reach for resonance cavity plasma systems, linear antenna microwave delivery systems allow the deposition of high quality diamond films at temperatures around 400 degrees C and at pressures below 1 mbar. In this work the codeposition of high quality plates and octahedral diamond grains in nanocrystalline films is reported. In contrast to previous reports claiming the need for high temperatures (T >= 850 degrees C), low temperatures (320 degrees C <= T <= 410 degrees C) were sufficient to deposit diamond plate structures. Cross-sectional high resolution transmission electron microscopy studies show that these plates are faulty cubic diamond terminated by large {111} surface facets with very little sp(2) bonded carbon in the grain boundaries. Raman and electron energy loss spectroscopy studies confirm a high diamond quality, above 93% sp(3) carbon content. Three potential mechanisms, that can account for the initial development of the observed plates rich with stacking faults, and are based on the presence of impurities, are proposed. | ||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000407089600031 | Publication Date | 2017-06-30 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1528-7483 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 4.055 | Times cited | 23 | Open Access | Not_Open_Access |
Notes | ; The Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) is gratefully acknowledged for financial support in the form of the Postdoctoral Fellowships of P.P. and S.T., contract G.0044.13N “Charge ordering” (S.K., J.V.), the Methusalem “Nano” network, and the Hercules-linear antenna and Raman equipment. ; | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.055 | ||
Call Number | UA @ lucian @ c:irua:145735UA @ admin @ c:irua:145735 | Serial | 4746 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Momot, A.; Amini, M.N.; Reekmans, G.; Lamoen, D.; Partoens, B.; Slocombe, D.R.; Elen, K.; Adriaensens, P.; Hardy, A.; Van Bael, M.K. | ||||
Title | A novel explanation for the increased conductivity in annealed Al-doped ZnO: an insight into migration of aluminum and displacement of zinc | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Physical chemistry, chemical physics | Abbreviated Journal | Phys Chem Chem Phys |
Volume | 19 | Issue | 40 | Pages | 27866-27877 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) | ||||
Abstract | A combined experimental and first-principles study is performed to study the origin of conductivity in ZnO:Al nanoparticles synthesized under controlled conditions via a reflux route using benzylamine as a solvent. The experimental characterization of the samples by Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and conductivity measurements indicates that upon annealing in nitrogen, the Al atoms at interstitial positions migrate to the substitutional positions, creating at the same time Zn interstitials. We provide evidence for the fact that the formed complex of AlZn and Zni corresponds to the origin of the Knight shifted peak (KS) we observe in 27Al NMR. As far as we know, the role of this complex has not been discussed in the literature to date. However, our first-principles calculations show that such a complex is indeed energetically favoured over the isolated Al interstitial positions. In our calculations we also address the charge state of the Al interstitials. Further, Zn interstitials can migrate from Al_Zn and possibly also form Zn clusters, leading to the observed increased conductivity. |
||||
Address | |||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | Wos | 000413290500073 | Publication Date | 2017-10-09 | |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 1463-9076 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 4.123 | Times cited | 26 | Open Access | OpenAccess |
Notes | We want to thank the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme (P7/05) initiated by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) for the financial support. We also acknowledge the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen) for support via the MULTIMAR WOG project and under project No. G018914. The computational parts were carried out using the HPC infrastructure at the University of Antwerp (CalcUA), a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, supported financially by the Hercules foundation and the Flemish Government (EWI Department). | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.123 | ||
Call Number | EMAT @ emat @c:irua:146878 | Serial | 4760 | ||
Permanent link to this record | |||||
Author | Sankaran, K.J.; Hoang, D.Q.; Kunuku, S.; Korneychuk, S.; Turner, S.; Pobedinskas, P.; Drijkoningen, S.; Van Bael, M.K.; D' Haen, J.; Verbeeck, J.; Leou, K.-C.; Lin, I.-N.; Haenen, K. | ||||
Title | Enhanced optoelectronic performances of vertically aligned hexagonal boron nitride nanowalls-nanocrystalline diamond heterostructures | Type | A1 Journal article | ||
Year | 2016 | Publication | Scientific reports | Abbreviated Journal | Sci Rep-Uk |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 29444 |
Keywords | A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) | ||||
Abstract | Field electron emission (FEE) properties of vertically aligned hexagonal boron nitride nanowalls (hBNNWs) grown on Si have been markedly enhanced through the use of nitrogen doped nanocrystalline diamond (nNCD) films as an interlayer. The FEE properties of hBNNWs-nNCD heterostructures show a low turn-on field of 15.2 V/mum, a high FEE current density of 1.48 mA/cm(2) and life-time up to a period of 248 min. These values are far superior to those for hBNNWs grown on Si substrates without the nNCD interlayer, which have a turn-on field of 46.6 V/mum with 0.21 mA/cm(2) FEE current density and life-time of 27 min. Cross-sectional TEM investigation reveals that the utilization of the diamond interlayer circumvented the formation of amorphous boron nitride prior to the growth of hexagonal boron nitride. Moreover, incorporation of carbon in hBNNWs improves the conductivity of hBNNWs. Such a unique combination of materials results in efficient electron transport crossing nNCD-to-hBNNWs interface and inside the hBNNWs that results in enhanced field emission of electrons. The prospective application of these materials is manifested by plasma illumination measurements with lower threshold voltage (370 V) and longer life-time, authorizing the role of hBNNWs-nNCD heterostructures in the enhancement of electron emission. | ||||
Address | IMOMEC, IMEC vzw, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium | ||||
Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
Language | English | Wos | 000379391000001 | Publication Date | 2016-07-12 |
Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 2045-2322 | ISBN | Additional Links | UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles | |
Impact Factor | 4.259 | Times cited | 15 | Open Access | |
Notes | The authors like to thank the financial support of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) via Research Project G.0456.12, G0044.13N and the Methusalem “NANO” network. Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran, Stuart Turner, and Paulius Pobedinskas are Postdoctoral Fellows of the Research Foundations Flanders (FWO). | Approved | Most recent IF: 4.259 | ||
Call Number | c:irua:134643 c:irua:134643UA @ admin @ c:irua:134643 | Serial | 4119 | ||
Permanent link to this record |