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Author |
Roegiers, J. |
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Title |
Development of combined photocatalytic and active carbon fiber technology for indoor air purification based on Multiphysics models |
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Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2021 |
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Pages |
XXX, 197 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
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Abstract |
Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) remains a major public health concern. Indoor VOC concentrations typically far exceed outdoor levels due to a variety of emission sources and the stringent insulation measures that are imposed today. Many attempts have been made to use photocatalysis for indoor air purification. In an ideal situation, photocatalysis is capable of complete mineralization of VOCs to H2O and CO2, without any byproduct formation. Moreover, the process can take place at standard atmospheric conditions, i.e. ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. However, successful exploitation is still impeded due to low conversion efficiency, significant pressure loss (and hence a high energy consumption) and byproduct formation. In the first part of this thesis an attempt was made to tackles these problems by designing a novel type of photocatalytic (PCO) reactor. The PCO device consists of a cylindrical vessel filled with TiO2-coated glass tubes and equipped with UV fluorescence lamps. It was investigated in terms of fluid dynamics, coating properties, UV-light distribution and photocatalytic activity. Experimental data was later used to develop and calibrate a Multiphysics model. The model proved to be a useful tool for designing and upscaling the PCO reactor. Consequently, an optimized prototype reactor was constructed and tested according the CEN-EN-16846-1 standard for VOC removal. Although the prototype showed promising results for lab-scale conditions, it struggled with byproduct formation when purifying ppb-level VOCs. In the second part of this thesis, activated carbon adsorption was investigated in order to combine it with photocatalysis. Activated carbon fiber was opted for its fast kinetics, high adsorption capacity and thermo-electrical regeneration. The filter was studied in detail regarding the adsorption of polar and apolar VOCs at indoor air concentration levels and regeneration capabilities. Experimental data was used to develop a Multiphysics model for activated carbon adsorption as well. Consequently, a novel type of ACF filter was developed using the Multiphysics model, which was equipped with electrodes in the tips of the pleats for effective thermal regeneration. In the last part, the combination of both ACF and PCO was studied using a realistic case study. Based on the Multiphysics model, the feasibility of a so-called hybrid air purification device could be investigated. The Multiphysics model shows promising results for this hybrid PCO-ACF system and hence, a demo setup was constructed for future research. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:181137 |
Serial |
6860 |
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Golovachev, I.B.; Mychinko, M.Y.; Volkova, N.E.; Gavrilova, L.Y.; Raveau, B.; Maignan, A.; Cherepanov, V.A. |
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Title |
Effect of cobalt content on the properties of quintuple perovskites Sm₂Ba₃Fe₅-xCoxO₁₅-δ |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal Of Solid State Chemistry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Solid State Chem |
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Volume |
301 |
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Pages |
122324 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Quintuple perovskites Sm2Ba3Fe5-xCoxO15-delta = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) have been prepared by glycerin-nitrate tech- nique in air. The phase purity was confirmed by XRD. Partial substitution of Co for Fe decreases the oxygen content and thus the mean oxidation state of 3d-metals. It also slightly decreases the thermal expansion coefficient of oxides. Positive value of the Seebeck coefficient confirmed p-type conductivity, though the thermopower decreases as the Co content increases. The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity reveals a maximum at 550-750 degrees C. |
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000684543700028 |
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2021-06-03 |
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0022-4596 |
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UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.299 |
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OpenAccess |
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Most recent IF: 2.299 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:181656 |
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6864 |
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Guzzinati, G.; Ghielens, W.; Mahr, C.; Béché, A.; Rosenauer, A.; Calders, T.; Verbeeck, J. |
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Electron Bessel beam diffraction patterns, line scan of Si/SiGe multilayer |
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2019 |
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Dataset; ADReM Data Lab (ADReM); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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no |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:169114 |
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6865 |
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Guzzinati, G.; Das, P.P.; Zompra, A., A.; Nicopoulos, S.; Verbeeck, J. |
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Electron energy loss spectra of several organic compounds |
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2020 |
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Dataset; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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We placed crystals of different compounds to explore the possibility of fingerprinting them through EELS. Here are representative datasets of 7 different compounds: b-cyclodextrin hexacarboxy cyclohexane tannin TH-15 peptide TH-27 peptide two different forms of piroxicam The datasets were collected at EMAT, using a monochromated FEI Titan3 TEM, within the scope of an EUSMI request. More information as well as analysis methodologies adopted for the data are detailed in the paper: Das et al. “Reliable Characterization of Organic & Pharmaceutical Compounds with High Resolution Monochromated EEL Spectroscopy”, Polymers 2020, 12(7), 1434. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:180654 |
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6866 |
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Author |
De wael, A. |
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Title |
Model-based quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy for measuring dynamic structural changes at the atomic scale |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
xiv, 146 p. |
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Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Nanomaterialen kunnen uiterst interessante eigenschappen vertonen voor een verscheidenheid aan veelbelovende toepassingen, gaande van zonnecrème tot batterijen voor elektrische auto’s. Een nanometer is een miljard keer kleiner dan een meter. Op deze schaal kunnen de materiaaleigenschappen volledig verschillen van bulkmaterialen op grotere schaal. Bovendien hangen de eigenschappen van nanomaterialen sterk af van hun exacte grootte en vorm. Kleine verschillen in de posities van de atomen, in de grootte-orde van een picometer (nog eens duizend maal kleiner dan een nanometer), kunnen de fysische eigenschappen al drastisch beïnvloeden. Daarom is een betrouwbare kwantificering van de atomaire structuur van kritisch belang om de evolutie naar materiaalontwerp mogelijk te maken en inzicht te verwerven in de relatie tussen de fysische eigenschappen en de structuur van nanomaterialen. Daarnaast kan de atomaire structuur van nanomaterialen ook veranderen in de loop van de tijd ten gevolge van verschillende fysische processen. Het onderzoek dat in deze thesis gepresenteerd wordt, maakt het mogelijk om de dynamische structuurveranderingen van nanomaterialen betrouwbaar te kwantificeren op atomaire schaal door gebruik te maken van raster transmissie elektronenmicroscopie (STEM). Ik heb dit gerealiseerd door methodes te ontwikkelen waarmee ik het aantal atomen “achter elkaar” kan tellen in elke atoomkolom van een nanomateriaal, en dit op basis van beelden opgenomen met een elektronenmicroscoop. Een belangrijk verschil met telmethodes voor de analyse van een enkel beeld is het schatten van de kans dat een atoomkolom atomen zal verliezen of bijkrijgen van het ene naar het andere beeld in de tijdreeks. Deze kwantitatieve methode kan het ontrafelen van de tijdsafhankelijke structuur-eigenschappen relatie van een nanomateriaal mogelijk maken, wat uiteindelijk kan leiden tot efficiënter design en productie van nanomaterialen voor innovatieve toepassingen. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:179514 |
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6870 |
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Author |
Gorji, S.; Kashiwar, A.; Mantha, L.S.; Kruk, R.; Witte, R.; Marek, P.; Hahn, H.; Kübel, C.; Scherer, T. |
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Title |
Nanowire facilitated transfer of sensitive TEM samples in a FIB |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Ultramicroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ultramicroscopy |
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Volume |
219 |
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113075 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
We introduce a facile approach to transfer thin films and other mechanically sensitive TEM samples inside a FIB with minimal introduction of stress and bending. The method is making use of a pre-synthetized flexible freestanding Ag nanowire attached to the tip of a typical tungsten micromanipulator inside the FIB. The main advantages of this approach are the significantly reduced stress-induced bending during transfer and attachment of the TEM sample, the very short time required to attach and cut the nanowire, the operation at very low dose and ion current, and only using the e-beam for Pt deposition during the transfer of sensitive TEM samples. This results in a reduced sample preparation time and reduced exposure to the ion beam or e-beam for Pt deposition during the sample preparation and thus also reduced contamination and beam damage. The method was applied to a number of thin films and different TEM samples in order to illustrate the advantageous benefits of the concept. In particular, the technique has been successfully tested for the transfer of a thin film onto a MEMS heating chip for in situ TEM experiments. |
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2020-07-15 |
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ISSN |
0304-3991 |
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Impact Factor |
2.2 |
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Most recent IF: 2.2; 2020 IF: 2.843 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:183618 |
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6871 |
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Author |
Jannis, D. |
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Title |
Novel detection schemes for transmission electron microscopy |
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Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2021 |
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iv, 208 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Electron microscopy is an excellent tool which provides resolution down to the atomic scale with up to pm precision in locating atoms. The characterization of materials in these length scales is of utmost importance to answer questions in biology, chemistry and material science. The successful implementation of aberration-corrected microscopes made atomic resolution imaging relatively easy, this could give the impression that the development of novel electron microscopy techniques would stagnate and only the application of these instruments as giant magnifying tools would continue. This is of course not true and a multitude of problems still exist in electron microscopy. Two of such issues are discussed below. One of the biggest problems in electron microscopy is the presence of beam damage which occurs due the fact that the highly energetic incoming electrons have sufficient kinetic energy to change the structure of the material. The amount of damage induced depends on the dose, hence minimizing this dose during an experiment is beneficial. This minimizing of the total dose comes at the expense of more noise due to the counting nature of the electrons. For this reason, the implementation of four dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D STEM) experiments has reduced the total dose needed per acquisition. However, the current cameras used to measure the diffraction patterns are still two orders of magnitude slower than to the conventional STEM methods. Improving the acquisition speed would make the 4D STEM technique more feasible and is of utmost importance for the beam sensitive materials since less dose is used during the acquisition. In TEM there is not only the possibility to perform imaging experiments but also spectroscopic measurements. There are two frequently used methods: electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). EELS measures the energy-loss spectrum of the incoming electron which gives information on the available excitations in the material providing elemental sensitivity. In EDX, the characteristic x-rays, arising from the decay of an atom which is initially excited due to the incoming electrons, are detected providing similar elemental analysis. Both methods are able to provide comparable elemental information where in certain circumstances one outperforms the other. However, both methods have a detection limit of approximately 100-1000 ppm which is not sufficient for some materials. In this thesis, two novel techniques which can make significant progress for the two problems discussed above. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:182404 |
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6872 |
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Marteleur, M.; Idrissi, H.; Amin-Ahmadi, B.; Prima, F.; Schryvers, D.; Jacques, P.J. |
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On the nucleation mechanism of {112} < 111 > mechanical twins in as-quenched beta metastable Ti-12 wt.% Mo alloy |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Materialia |
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7 |
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Pages |
Unsp 100418 |
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A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Recently developed beta-metastable Ti grades take advantage of the simultaneous activation of TRIP and TWIP effects for enhancing their work hardening rate. However, the role of each plasticity mechanism on the macroscopic mechanical response is still unclear. In this work, the nucleation mechanism of the first activated plasticity mechanism, namely {112} < 111 > twinning, was investigated. Firstly, post-mortem TEM analysis showed that twins nucleate on pre-existing microstructural defects such as thermal jogs with the zonal dislocation mechanism. The precipitation of the omega phase on twin boundaries has been observed, as well as the emission of numerous dislocations from super-jogs present in these twin boundaries. It is also shown that {112} < 111 > twins act as effective dislocation sources for the subsequent plasticity mechanisms such as beta -> alpha '' martensitic transformation and {332} < 111 > twinning. Secondly, in situ TEM tensile testing of the investigated Ti grade highlighted the primary role of the initial defect configuration present in the microstructure. It is shown that twins cannot nucleate without the presence of specific defects allowing the triggering of the dislocation decomposition needed for the twinning mechanism highlighted in investigated bulk samples. |
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000537131000052 |
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2019-07-31 |
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2589-1529 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:170326 |
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6875 |
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Liang, Q.; Yang, D.; Xia, F.; Bai, H.; Peng, H.; Yu, R.; Yan, Y.; He, D.; Cao, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Li, G.; Zhang, Q.; Tang, X.; Wu, J. |
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Phase-transformation-induced giant deformation in thermoelectric Ag₂Se semiconductor |
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A1 Journal article |
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2021 |
Publication |
Advanced Functional Materials |
Abbreviated Journal |
Adv Funct Mater |
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2106938 |
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A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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In most semiconducting metal chalcogenides, a large deformation is usually accompanied by a phase transformation, while the deformation mechanism remains largely unexplored. Herein, a phase-transformation-induced deformation in Ag2Se is investigated by in situ transmission electron microscopy, and a new ordered high-temperature phase (named as alpha '-Ag2Se) is identified. The Se-Se bonds are folded when the Ag+-ion vacancies are ordered and become stretched when these vacancies are disordered. Such a stretch/fold of the Se-Se bonds enables a fast and large deformation occurring during the phase transition. Meanwhile, the different Se-Se bonding states in alpha-, alpha '-, beta-Ag2Se phases lead to the formation of a large number of nanoslabs and the high concentration of dislocations at the interface, which flexibly accommodate the strain caused by the phase transformation. This study reveals the atomic mechanism of the deformation in Ag2Se inorganic semiconductors during the phase transition, which also provides inspiration for understanding the phase transition process in other functional materials. |
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000695142800001 |
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2021-09-13 |
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1616-301x |
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UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
12.124 |
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Not_Open_Access |
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Most recent IF: 12.124 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:181527 |
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6879 |
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Samaeeaghmiyoni, V.; Cordier, P.; Demouchy, S.; Bollinger, C.; Gasc, J.; Mussi, A.; Schryvers, D.; Idrissi, H. |
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Research data supporting for Stress-induced amorphization triggers deformation in the lithospheric mantle |
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2020 |
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Dataset; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:180668 |
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6881 |
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Baral, P.; Orekhov, A.; Dohmen, R.; Coulombier, M.; Raskin, J.P.; Cordier, P.; Idrissi, H.; Pardoen, T. |
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Title |
Rheology of amorphous olivine thin films characterized by nanoindentation |
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A1 Journal article |
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2021 |
Publication |
Acta Materialia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Mater |
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219 |
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117257 |
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A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
The rheological properties of amorphous olivine thin films deposited by pulsed laser deposition have been studied based on ambient temperature nanoindentation under constant strain-rate as well as re-laxation conditions. The amorphous olivine films exhibit a viscoelastic-viscoplastic behavior with a significant rate dependency. The strain-rate sensitivity m is equal to similar to 0 . 05 which is very high for silicates, indicating a complex out-of-equilibrium structure. The minimum apparent activation volume determined from nanoindentation experiments corresponds to Mg and Fe atomic metallic sites in the (Mg,Fe)(2)SiO4 crystalline lattice. The ambient temperature creep behavior of the amorphous olivine films differs very much from the one of single crystal olivine. This behavior directly connects to the recent demonstration of the activation of grain boundary sliding in polycrystalline olivine following grain boundary amorphization under high-stress. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. |
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Wos |
000706867800004 |
Publication Date |
2021-08-19 |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1359-6454 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
5.301 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 5.301 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:182592 |
Serial |
6882 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Guzzinati, G.; Béché, A.; McGrouther, D.; Verbeeck, J. |
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Title |
Rotation of electron beams in the presence of localised, longitudinal magnetic fields |
Type |
Dataset |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Keywords |
Dataset; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Electron Bessel beams have been generated by inserting an annular aperture in the illumination system of a TEM. These beams have passed through a localised magnetic field. As a result a low amount of image rotation (which is expected to be proportional to the longitudinal component of the magnetic field) is observed in the far field. A measure of this rotation should give access to the magneti field. The two datasets have been acquired in a FEI Titan3 microscope, operated at 300kV. The file focalseries.tif contains a series of images acquired varying the magnetic field through the objective lens. The file lineprofile.ser contains a series of images acquired by scanning the beam over a sample with several magnetised nanopillars. For reference, check the associated publication. |
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UA library record |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:169135 |
Serial |
6883 |
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Author |
Yang, M.; Orekhov, A.; Hu, Z.-Y.; Feng, M.; Jin, S.; Sha, G.; Li, K.; Samaee, V.; Song, M.; Du, Y.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Schryvers, D. |
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Title |
Shearing and rotation of β'' and β' precipitates in an Al-Mg-Si alloy under tensile deformation : in-situ and ex-situ studies |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Acta Materialia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Mater |
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Volume |
220 |
Issue |
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Pages |
117310 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
The interaction between dislocations and nano-precipitates during deformation directly influences hardening response of precipitation-strengthening metals such as Al-Mg-Si alloys. However, how coherent and semi-coherent nano-precipitates accommodate external deformation applied to an Al alloy remains to be elucidated. In-situ tensile experiments in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) were conducted to study the dynamic process of dislocations cutting through coherent needle-like beta '' precipitates with diameters of 3 similar to 8 nm. Comprehensive investigations using in-situ, ex-situ TEM and atom probe tomography uncovered that beta '' precipitates were firstly sheared into small fragments, and then the rotation of the fragments, via sliding along precipitate/matrix interfaces, destroyed their initially coherent interface with the Al matrix. In contrast, semi-coherent beta' precipitates with sizes similar to beta '' were more difficult to be fragmented and accumulation of dislocations at the interface increased interface misfit between beta' and the Al matrix. Consequently, beta' precipitates could basically maintain their needle-like shape after the tensile deformation. This research gains new insights into the interaction between nano-precipitates and dislocations. (C) 2021 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000705535300005 |
Publication Date |
2021-09-12 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1359-6454 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
5.301 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 5.301 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:182528 |
Serial |
6884 |
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| Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Zhao, H.; Li, C.-F.; Hu, Z.-Y.; Liu, J.; Li, Y.; Hu, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Chen, L.-H.; Su, B.-L. |
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Title |
Size effect of bifunctional gold in hierarchical titanium oxide-gold-cadmium sulfide with slow photon effect for unprecedented visible-light hydrogen production |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal Of Colloid And Interface Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Colloid Interf Sci |
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Volume |
604 |
Issue |
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Pages |
131-139 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) effect and excellent internal electron transfer ability have widely been combined with semiconductors for photocatalysis. However, the in-depth effects of Au NPs in multicomponent photocatalysts have not been completely understood. Herein, ternary titanium oxide-gold-cadmium sulfide (TiO2-Au-CdS, TAC) photocatalysts, based on hierarchical TiO2 inverse opal photonic crystal structure with different Au NPs sizes have been designed to reveal the SPR effect and internal electron transfer of Au NPs in the presence of slow photon effect. It appears that the SPR effect and internal electron transfer ability of Au NPs, depending on their sizes, play a synergistic effect on the photocatalytic enhancement. The ternary TAC-10 photocatalyst with – 10 nm Au NPs demonstrates an unprecedented hydrogen evolution rate of 47.6 mmolh-1g 1 under visible-light, demonstrating- 48% enhancement comparing to the sample without slow photon effect. In particular, a 9.83% apparent quantum yield under 450 nm monochromatic light is achieved for TAC-10. A model is proposed and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations reveal the size influence of Au NPs in ternary TAC photocatalysts. This work suggests that the rational design of bifunctional Au NPs coupling with slow photon effect could largely promote hydrogen production from visible-light driven water splitting. (c) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. |
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Corporate Author |
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Wos |
000704428600004 |
Publication Date |
2021-07-01 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0021-9797 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.233 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.233 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:182531 |
Serial |
6886 |
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Author |
Jannis, D.; Müller-Caspary, K.; Béché, A.; Oelsner, A.; Verbeeck, J. |
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Title |
Spectrocopic coincidence experiment in transmission electron microscopy |
Type |
Dataset |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Dataset; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
This dataset contains individual EEL and EDX events where for every event (electron or X-ray), their energy and time of arrival is stored. The experiment was performed in a transmission electron microscope (Tecnai Osiris) at 200 keV. The material investigated is an Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy. The 'full_dataset.mat' contains the full dataset and the 'subset.mat' has the first five frames of the full dataset. The attached 'EELS-EDX.ipynb' is a jupyter notebook file. This file describes the data processing in order to observe the temporal correlation between the electrons and X-rays. |
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UA library record |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:169112 |
Serial |
6888 |
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Author |
Idrissi, H.; Samaee, V.; Lumbeeck, G.; van der Werf, T.; Pardoen, T.; Schryvers, D.; Cordier, P. |
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Title |
Supporting data for “In situ Quantitative Tensile Tests on Antigorite in a Transmission Electron Microscope” |
Type |
Dataset |
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Year |
2019 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Dataset; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
The determination of the mechanical properties of serpentinites is essential towards the understanding of the mechanics of faulting and subduction. Here, we present the first in situ tensile tests on antigorite in a transmission electron microscope. A push-to-pull deformation device is used to perform quantitative tensile tests, during which force and displacement are measured, while the microstructure is imaged with the microscope. The experiments have been performed at room temperature on beams prepared by focused ion beam. The specimens are not single crystals despite their small sizes. Orientation mapping indicated that some grains were well-oriented for plastic slip. However, no dislocation activity has been observed even though engineering tensile stress went up to 700 MPa. We show also that antigorite does not exhibit an pure elastic-brittle behaviour since, despite the presence of defects, the specimens underwent plastic deformation and did not fail within the elastic regime. Instead, we observe that strain localizes at grain boundaries. All observations concur to show that under our experimental conditions, grain boundary sliding is the dominant deformation mechanism. This study sheds a new light on the mechanical properties of antigorite and calls for further studies on the structure and properties of grain boundaries in antigorite and more generally in phyllosilicates. |
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UA library record |
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no |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:169107 |
Serial |
6891 |
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Author |
Penders, A.; Konstantinovic, M.J.; Van Renterghem, W.; Bosch, R.W.; Schryvers, D. |
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Title |
TEM investigation of SCC crack tips in high Si stainless steel tapered specimens |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Corrosion Engineering Science And Technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Corros Eng Sci Techn |
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Volume |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mechanism is investigated in high Si duplex stainless steel in a simulated PWR environment based on TEM analysis of FIB-extracted SCC crack tips. The microstructural investigation in the near vicinity of SCC crack tips illustrates a strain-rate dependence in SCC mechanisms. Detailed analysis of the crack tip morphology, that includes crack tip oxidation and surrounding deformation field, indicates the existence of an interplay between corrosion- and deformation-driven failure as a function of the strain rate. Slow strain-rate crack tips exhibit a narrow cleavage failure which can be linked to the film-induced failure mechanism, while rounded shaped crack tips for faster strain rates could be related to the strain-induced failure. As a result, two nominal strain-rate-dependent failure regimes dominated either by corrosion or deformation-driven cracking mechanisms can be distinguished. |
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Wos |
000695956400001 |
Publication Date |
2021-09-14 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1478-422x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
0.879 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 0.879 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:181533 |
Serial |
6892 |
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Author |
Lezaack, M.B.; Hannard, F.; Zhao, L.; Orekhov, A.; Adrien, J.; Miettinen, A.; Idrissi, H.; Simar, A. |
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Title |
Towards ductilization of high strength 7XXX aluminium alloys via microstructural modifications obtained by friction stir processing and heat treatments |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Materialia |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
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Pages |
101248 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
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Abstract |
High strength 7XXX aluminium series reach exceptional strength, higher than all other industrial aluminium alloys. However, they suffer from a lack of ductility compared to softer series. This work presents a procedure to improve the ductility of 7475 Al alloy in high strength condition, reaching a true fracture strain of 70% at full 500 MPa T6 yield strength. Using friction stir processing (FSP) and post-FSP heat treatments, 100% of industrial rolled material T6 yield stress is maintained but a 180% increase in fracture strain is measured for the processed material. This ductility improvement is studied by in-situ synchrotron X-ray tomography and is explained by the reduction of intermetallic particles size and the homogenization of their spatial distribution. Furthermore, the microstructure after FSP shows equiaxed refined grains which favour crack deviation as opposed to large cracks parallel to the elongated coarse grains in rolled plate. These results are paving the way to better formability and crashworthiness of 7XXX alloys. |
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Wos |
000718127100006 |
Publication Date |
2021-10-19 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2589-1529 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:184145 |
Serial |
6894 |
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Author |
Moretti, M.; Vanschoenwinkel, J.; Van Passel, S. |
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Title |
Accounting for externalities in cross-sectional economic models of climate change impacts |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Ecological Economics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Econ |
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Volume |
185 |
Issue |
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Pages |
107058 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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Abstract |
Environmental effects and natural resources depletion associated with agriculture production affect the agriculture response to climate change. Traditional cross-sectional climate response models ignore this requirement. This research estimates the impact of climate on European agriculture using a continental scale Ricardian analysis. We correct farm income by accounting for resources (energy, fertilisers, pesticides, and water) use intensity and calculate the sustainable value for a sample of 9497 specialized field crop farms. Compared with the traditional Ricardian method, the marginal effects of temperature remain positive (but less positive) in Northern countries, while it leads to less damages in Southern countries when net revenue and farms? sustainable values are used as dependent variables. Accounting for the environmental effects and depletion of natural capital improves the ability of the Ricardian method to estimate agriculture climate response functions in the long run. |
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Wos |
000647544700012 |
Publication Date |
2021-04-05 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0921-8009; 1873-6106 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
2.965 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.965 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:178955 |
Serial |
6911 |
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Author |
Peeters, M. |
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Title |
The added value of Smart Product-Service Systems to real estate developments |
Type |
Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
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Pages |
117 p. |
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Keywords |
Doctoral thesis; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM); Internet Data Lab (IDLab) |
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Abstract |
Socially responsible investments can be defined as an investment process that integrates ethical values and environmental protection, improving social conditions, and good governance into a traditional investment decision. This integration is mainly a consequence of the growing importance that investors give to environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria, resulting in more sustainable development. Also, in the real estate sector, increased attention is being paid to the contributions made to integrate economic, environmental, and social factors into decisions. The ESG framework looks closely at how companies are managed, and the impact related to their market value. The factors for investors’ focus are summarized as environmental, social, and governance. The term ESG was coined in a 2004 United Nations (UN) report titled “Who Cares Wins,” aimed at raising awareness regarding the importance of environmental, social, and corporate governance issues in financial markets. The ESG criteria’s specific purpose is to guide investors in recognizing sustainable investments without evaluating how sustainable the asset is or the investment value represented by sustainability. It is essential to underline that ESG does not take specific economic interests into account. The rationale behind this apparent gap is that investors investigate the economic aspects before investing. However, by not explicitly linking ESG and economic criteria, attractive investments are often misjudged and not implemented. For example, investments that only show their value in the longer term or indirectly influence value by achieving a higher retention rate among incumbent tenants, reducing or eliminating friction costs. A product–service system (PSS) refers to a market proposition (business model) that builds on a product’s traditional functionality by incorporating additional services. Although services are already offered, the PSS function is to link the service to a product. The service thereby supports the operation of the product and generates additional benefits. It encompasses the integrated solutions of products and services to satisfy customers' needs and generate maximum value. According to Sutanto et al., a PSS is designed to focus on sustainability characterized in three dimensions. 1. The economic dimension 2. The environmental dimension 3. The social dimension When discussing sustainability in this thesis, we use the criteria listed above related to socially responsible investments. The link between PSS and ESG is that a PSS focuses on creating a sustainable system, and ESG makes sustainability more visible to investors. Therefore, when PSS are recognized and implemented in buildings, they must be evaluated using ESG analysis methods. Product-Service Systems (PSS) try to find a way to offer services on top of a product. The product is essentially secondary to the result that is delivered from the services. For example, the modem (product) that a cable company provides will be of secondary importance to the connectivity (service). Alternatively, it will be less critical how heat is made (product) than the intended set point is achieved in the building. PSSs transform the supply of products into services. In doing so, the responsibility shifts from delivering a product (once only) to continuous service delivery. Therefore, it is in the best interest of the service provider to deliver the outcome of the service as efficiently (read: lowest cost) as possible. A direct consequence of this is that the service provider will want to use the product as efficiently as possible and as long as possible to reduce his costs. Therefore, the supplier will also want to recover and maximize the reuse of his product based on the same rationale. A positive impact on the environment and the used raw materials is thus to be expected. The whole process of servitization (transforming products into services) in real estate will positively impact the Economic, Environmental and Social factors. Therefore, demonstrating this proposition is the main objective of this thesis. Smart PSS is the same idea as Product-Service systems but in which the digitization of the services plays a key role. It will be shown that by digitizing services, a broader range can be offered. It will be demonstrated that products that provide services at the building level can, through their interconnectedness, also provide services to external systems (e.g. electricity grid, urban planning, mobility, ...). At the same time, digitizing the products and services will also underpin trust in the systems and allow for proper remuneration. In this PhD, different standard systems in a building, such as the reservation system, the water heater, or the fire detection system, are equipped with additional services. A PSS is often specifically designed to focus on economic, social, and environmental dimensions. These dimensions correspond to the investor’s examination as part of the ESG analysis before investing. As the PSS is often specifically designed to integrate sustainability, there is a close link between the sustainability performance of the PSS and the ESG criteria evaluated by the investor. Throughout the work, the owner is considered to be the user of the building. It is not the case that only an owner-user can generate cash flow. In essence, if they have sufficient rights to the underlying product, any building user can activate services that generate cash flow. In today's market, it is logical that this is viewed in the owner-user context as they will usually choose the products to be installed in larger technical installations. They may have previously used a PSS or choose to move to one. However, a building’s tenant could choose to lease out their meeting rooms if they are not contractually prohibited from doing so since, in practice, contracts have begun to prohibit certain services. For example, rental contracts that actively prohibit renting out a property through platforms such as Airbnb. Thus, the user’s function could potentially impact how the PSS is designed. This work does not explicitly explore the impact of this aspect. The owner-user is assumed throughout this manuscript. The second chapter describes the state of affairs concerning PSSs in a broad framework evolving towards focusing on the real estate sector. After which, in the second chapter, ESG and the link to real estate and how smart real estate (smart buildings) is missing from this evaluation are discussed in more detail. Chapter 3 shows from a fire alarm system, which was extended with an evacuation support system, the usefulness, and the risk of data. Further work was done to demonstrate the added value in terms of Economic, Environmental and Social factors of standard installations in buildings. In Chapter 4, a simple sanitary hot water boiler is extended with a service that allows controlling this boiler according to the status of the electricity grid (surplus or shortage of energy). The supply and demand of energy on the power grid must be equal at all times. By equipping a classic water heater (product) with additional intelligence (service), it becomes possible to adjust the energy use to the grid's needs. The grid operators are prepared to pay for this. This payment can be linked to different energy markets (long term market, spot market, ...). This study looked at the fee that would have to be paid when the adjustment of the energy use can be made instantaneously so that the fee must be settled according to the prices on the imbalance market. In chapter 5, we look at the impact of the service to rent out free spaces as co-working places on a broad market (external to the building), compared to a regular reservation system. By renting out unused workplaces on a broad market, the utilization of the existing patrimony will be higher. The demand for new square meters with the same function will decrease as the supply-demand curve changes, and so will the price. This makes it less interesting to build new buildings. Less construction of new buildings will result in fewer resources being used, which will positively affect the environment. In addition, fewer new buildings with an office function will leave more space for buildings with another function. Also, the city's infrastructure will be less burdened (roads, sewerage, electricity grid,...). In The Hague, the decreasing need for new square meters of office buildings can lead to more space for affordable housing, for which the city has a great need. Chapter 6 will frame the valuation of service as a real options method that gives an impetus to a general valuation methodology to value the flexibility that Smart PSS inherently has. Finally, this thesis demonstrates that (smart) PSSs impact real estate profitability, while positively influencing environmental and social factors. Further research and the limitations of the studies conducted are documented. This PhD concludes that Product-Service systems should break the silos between different stakeholders, resulting in a lower total cost of ownership of buildings in the longer term. This can only be achieved if the valuation of Product-Service systems is done correctly and is recognized by every stakeholder in the real estate process. |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:183415 |
Serial |
6912 |
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Author |
Saviuc, I. |
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Title |
Assessment of electric residential microgrids in the EU context : role of energy storage, interactions with the main grid, and policy scenarios |
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Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2021 |
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Pages |
158 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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As decentralized electricity generation plays an important role in the reform of the energy system in the EU, electric residential microgrids merit an assessment of their position and potential. The work on this dissertation focuses on the synergy between the development of microgrids that are powered by PV panels, and the adoption of energy storage, with the aim to identify shortcomings and propose solutions. Techno-economic assessment indicates that, for a microgrid that aims to maximize its self-consumption, the electricity pricing mechanisms that are current practice across the EU are detrimental to the economic viability of using energy storage. Case studies and simulations in Belgium, Greece, Denmark, Italy, Finland, Spain and Germany show conclusively how existing tariff structures (Net-Metering, Time-of-Use, Feed-in Tariff, with or without the option of a Capacity tariff) are suitable for stimulating renewable generation, but not storage. Another underlying reason that affects the economic viability of a residential microgrid in the current context relates to the technology losses, which cannot be compensated by electricity pricing mechanisms. Having established the need for a different approach in order to improve the economic viability of microgrids with storage, this work investigated whether a form of direct support to the microgrid operator can be envisioned. A cost-benefit analysis revealed that the benefits coming from decentralized energy generation toward the main electricity grid can be compared with the cost of including and operating energy storage, and therefore a direct support from the network operator and the public can be justified in order to attain the economic viability of a microgrid with storage. This way, the electricity network can benefit from an increased number of flexible, enriched microgrids within the system, the microgrid operators are incentivized to include energy storage, and the society contributes towards a sturdier energy supply with more engaged prosumers and less polluting emissions. Entrepreneurial diversity: a career motives’ perspective – Ilse D |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:177112 |
Serial |
6915 |
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Author |
Berihun, D.; Van Passel, S. |
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Title |
Climate variability and macroeconomic output in Ethiopia : the analysis of nexus and impact via asymmetric autoregressive distributive lag cointegration method |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Environment, development and sustainability |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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Ethiopia showed a rapid, yet, a none resilient economic growth much threatened by climate variability. In Ethiopia, the adverse effects of climate variability are stipulated among the significant factors constraining its economic development. There are relatively few studies about the adverse effects of climate variability on the Ethiopian macroeconomy. In this context, little is known about the exact effects of the ongoing climate variability on Ethiopian macroeconomic growth. This study intends to examine whether climate variability factors, for instance rainfall and temperature, have an effect on the macroeconomic output of Ethiopia. An asymmetric autoregressive distributive lag cointegration method is used to investigate time-series data for the years 1950-2014. Diagnostic tests show the relevance of the applied method and robustness of our results. The study finds climate variability affects Ethiopia's economic growth in the long run. Rainfall and temperature fluctuation induce significant negative impacts. A percentage annual temperature variability for instance decreases the Ethiopian annual gross domestic yield (GDP) up to 4.5 percent. In the short run, climate variability particularly rainfall and temperature changes also have a profound effect on Ethiopia's economic output. Within such confirmed climate change impacts, Ethiopia should carry out more on adapting and mitigating the impacts as it is presented on its climate-resilient economic growth policies and strategies. In spite of the policy contribution of the results, the study will motivate further research and will also serve as a benchmark for the coming Ethiopian studies. |
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000670722100001 |
Publication Date |
2021-07-07 |
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ISSN |
1387-585x |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:179837 |
Serial |
6917 |
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Author |
Einhäupl, P.; Van Acker, K.; Peremans, H.; Van Passel, S. |
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Title |
The conceptualization of societal impacts of landfill mining : a system dynamics approach |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal Of Cleaner Production |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Clean Prod |
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Volume |
296 |
Issue |
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Pages |
126351 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering sciences. Technology; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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Abstract |
Landfill mining (LFM) refers to the excavation and processing of formerly buried waste streams. It offers significant environmental and societal benefits through the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions or the reduction of long-term waste management costs. LFM’s profitability, however, is still in question and public investment support might be necessary to fully exploit its potential. To enable decision-makers to identify the best solutions for a landfill site, societal impacts of LFM still have to be investigated. Throughout relevant literature, societal impacts of LFM projects have only selectively been studied and it remains unclear if and which benefits justify policy interventions. This paper firstly provides a comprehensive conceptualization of the societal impact of an LFM project and dives into the underlying societal context of this emerging industry. It disentangles formerly identified burdens and benefits by applying a system dynamics approach to LFM research. Based on this approach, four causal loop diagrams are presented showing how LFM is embedded into its societal context, analyzing the composition of the net societal impact of an LFM project, the mechanisms influencing LFM’s public acceptance, and the dynamics of the market acceptance of LFM products. Key variables and leverage points have been identified, such as (i) technology choices influencing avoided impacts from the mitigations of primary resource consumption, since many societal impacts are closely related to environmental impacts, (ii) a timely and broad stakeholder involvement to prevent project opposition, and (iii) the after-use of the mined landfill, generating a major part of the local and regional societal benefits but also creating potential conflicts between stakeholder interests. Key intradimensional trade-offs and potential conflicts were identified in (i) spatial and (ii) temporal risk distribution, (iii) conflicting societal goals of the after-use such as job creations and recreation, as well as (iv) material and energy recuperation. These findings provide important insights for LFM decision-makers and can help to implement this emerging industry in a sustainable way. |
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000672225100099 |
Publication Date |
2021-02-17 |
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ISSN |
0959-6526 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
5.715 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 5.715 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:178793 |
Serial |
6918 |
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Author |
Esguerra, J.L. |
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Title |
Developing strategies for improved economic performance and reduced climate impact of landfill mining in Europe |
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Doctoral thesis |
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2021 |
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xiv, 99 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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Landfill mining refers to the re-circulation of resources from the previously deposited wastes–integrating resource recovery with traditional site remediation. Several resources that can be recovered include scrap metals, combustibles, and inert materials. In addition, land can be recovered or landfill void space can be liberated for future wastes. At present, landfill mining is still an emerging concept with few project implementations. Consequently, the assessments of its economic and climate implications are case study-specific, limiting the understanding of its potential in a wider geographical scope. This thesis aims to assess the economic performance and climate impact of landfill mining in Europe towards the development of sound strategies for implementation. Different project setups are assessed in relation to varying factors at the site level such as waste composition and landfill settings, and at the system level such as policy and market conditions and background material and energy. In doing so, a factor-based method is developed and applied to generate multiple scenarios (531, 441 scenarios per project setup) and determine the underlying important factors and their interrelations that drive the results. Such understanding is used to develop and discuss strategies for improvement by addressing relevant questions for specific stakeholders, including project investors (i.e., which landfill sites to prioritize?), landfill mining practitioners (i.e., how to set up such projects?), and policymakers (i.e., which policy instruments can effectively support such projects?). Results show that landfill mining is preferable in terms of climate than economy. Possible improvements are shown by internalizing thermal treatment of combustibles and extending fines residue utilization as construction aggregates. In relation to the choice of project setups, preferable site and system-level conditions are identified in general but it is also discussed that the plausibility of finding such conditions may be difficult at present. This steers the development of more tailored strategies on what can be done now by the landfill practitioners in terms of setting up projects under current policy and market conditions in specific regions, or what can be done by the policymakers in terms of implementing various policy instruments that can drive such changes at the system level. Through this thesis, the future of landfill mining research is guided towards addressing key challenges and potential solutions for improvement. Furthermore, this thesis highlights the role of assessment as a tool for learning and guiding the development of emerging concepts such as landfill mining. |
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978-91-7929-056-6 |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:183155 |
Serial |
6920 |
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Author |
Admasu, W.F.; Van Passel, S.; Nyssen, J.; Minale, A.S.; Tsegaye, E.A. |
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Title |
Eliciting farmers' preferences and willingness to pay for land use attributes in Northwest Ethiopia : a discrete choice experiment study |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Land Use Policy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Land Use Policy |
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Volume |
109 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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This study investigates farmers' preferences and willingness to pay for cropland attributes in Bahir Dar, north-west Ethiopia. A choice experiment is used to elicit farmers' preferences between different land use attributes, including a monetary attribute. The study was conducted in the croplands that are threatened by land expro-priation for urban expansion. A survey was undertaken with 144 farmers in four rural kebeles surrounding the city (Addis Alem, Weramit, Wereb and Zenzelima). In the survey, respondents were provided with hypothetical land purchasing decisions, with three alternatives (i.e., two hypothetical parcels and an opt-out option). A choice experiment was undertaken to measure farmers' interest in different types of croplands, which varies with respect to irrigability, number of trees per ha, soil erosion resistance and water holding capacity of the cropland. Estimation of two mixed logit models was carried out. The estimation results show that, although the farmers did not show strong preferences for each attribute of the cropland, many farmers in the area showed interest in the proposed alternative croplands. Farmers show more interest for the land that is irrigable, gentle slope and with medium water holding capacity. The results also indicate that farmers assign highest marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) (79.01 ETB per square meter) for irrigated land, followed by medium water holding capacity with MWTP of 52.13 ETB per square meter. We believe that the results of this study would help land use policy and decision makers in the study area to consider the various attributes of cropland in land use planning, including land expropriation programs, which assures the sustainability of ecosystem services. |
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000702844000009 |
Publication Date |
2021-07-02 |
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ISSN |
0264-8377 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
3.089 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.089 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:182489 |
Serial |
6921 |
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Buyle, M.; Maes, B.; Van Passel, S.; Boonen, K.; Vercalsteren, A.; Audenaert, A. |
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Ex-ante LCA of emerging carbon steel slag treatment technologies : fast forwarding lab observations to industrial-scale production |
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A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Journal Of Cleaner Production |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Clean Prod |
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Volume |
313 |
Issue |
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Pages |
127921 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Energy and Materials in Infrastructure and Buildings (EMIB) |
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The valuable properties of carbon steel slag are currently underexploited. To date, research mainly focusses on valorising a single property of the slag. In this study an ex-ante life cycle assessment (LCA) was applied to evaluate the environmental profile of a novel technological pathway aimed at the extraction of chromium from carbon steel slag in combination with high quality valorisation of the residual matrix material. A comparison with current practice was made, not only by calculating the environmental impact of the lab scale observations, but more importantly by estimating the impact on an industrial scale. Practical guidance on ex-ante LCA is limited, so this study contributes by incorporating simulations on thermodynamic behaviour, complemented with empirical calculation rules and including information derived from similar technologies to perform the upscaling. These principles of ex-ante LCA were applied to the lab results of two consecutive research iterations. Substantial improvements of the environmental profile were observed: ex-ante results turned out to be a factor 20 lower compared to the results from the lab observations after the first iteration and had decreased by a factor 2 compared to the small pilot scale of the second iteration. All upscaled results are better than those from the worst case reference scenario (landfill). Based on the experience gained after this iterative research cycle, a practical recommendation is that at a low technology readiness level using more simple calculation rules in combination with a flowsheet based on elementary design principles for processes at an industrial scale is a more efficient way of modelling compared to a fully-fledged process design from the start. |
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000693416000002 |
Publication Date |
2021-06-14 |
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0959-6526 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record |
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Impact Factor |
5.715 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 5.715 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:179313 |
Serial |
6922 |
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Sharafi, L.; Zarafshani, K.; Keshavarz, M.; Azadi, H.; Van Passel, S. |
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Farmers' decision to use drought early warning system in developing countries |
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A1 Journal article |
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2021 |
Publication |
Science Of The Total Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Total Environ |
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758 |
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142761 |
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A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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Drought is a persistent, sluggish natural disaster in developing countries that has generated a financial burden and an unstable climate. Farmers should adopt early warning systems (EWS) in their strategies for monitoring drought to reduce its serious consequences. However, farmers in developing countries are reluctant to use EWS as their management strategies. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the decision of farmers to use climate knowledge through the model of farming activity in Kermanshah Township, Iran. A surveyor questionnaire was used to gather data from 370 wheat farmers using random sampling methods inmulti-stage clusters. Results revealed that the decision to use climate information is affected by personal factors, attitude towards climate information, objectives of using climate information, and external/physical farming factors. The result of this study has implications for drought management practitioners. To be specific, the results can aid policymakers to design early alert programs to minimize the risk of drought and thus move from conventional to climate smart agriculture. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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000605623800001 |
Publication Date |
2020-10-05 |
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ISSN |
0048-9697 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
4.9 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
OpenAccess |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 4.9 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:176030 |
Serial |
6924 |
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Annys, S.; Van Passel, S.; Dessein, J.; Adgo, E.; Nyssen, J. |
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From fast-track implementation to livelihood deterioration: The dam-based Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project in Northwest Ethiopia |
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A1 Journal article |
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2020 |
Publication |
Agricultural Systems |
Abbreviated Journal |
Agr Syst |
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184 |
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102909-102913 |
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A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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The 21st century revival of large-scale water resources development projects makes it important to keep assessing their impacts – preferably from an interdisciplinary perspective – in order to not repeat past mistakes and explore whether they could improve livelihood conditions for rural communities. In this study, costs and benefits of the World Bank-funded Ribb Irrigation and Drainage Project (RIDP) were investigated using a unique systems approach. The impact for farmers with different initial farming systems (rainfed – residual moisture – irrigated) was studied using field observations, document analyses, remote sensing, agronomic data and semi-structured interviews (n = 165). Data on project-induced changes to land and water availability, cropping patterns, farming systems and farm-level economics were collected. The results show that dam and dyke construction has reduced flooding, which has resulted in declining rice productivity ( – 42%) and concomitant shifts to lower value cropping systems. Results also reveal that the land redistribution has caused widespread livelihood deterioration as households had to give up 25% of their farmland and the communal grazing land was fully converted into farmland. Due to top-down implementation, nontransparent communication, delayed construction and lagging financial compensation, social resistance has appeared in the command area, impeding the construction works. In addition to these problems, if no rapid change to higher value crops can be realized, 20.5% of the farmers (those who already irrigate) will experience a loss of livelihood, 64.1% of the farmers (those with rainfed and residual moisture cultivation) will be on the verge of livelihood deterioration and only 13.5% of the farmers (those with solely rainfed cultivation) will enjoy RIDP-induced improved livelihoods. The fate of this project stresses the importance of investigating initial farming systems, exploring worthy project alternatives, improving participation, communication and benefit-sharing and strengthening the institutional capacity of implementing authorities. |
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Wos |
000564756600013 |
Publication Date |
2020-08-08 |
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ISSN |
0308-521x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
6.6 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 6.6; 2020 IF: 2.571 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:172030 |
Serial |
6927 |
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Author |
Chekol Zewdie, M. |
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How irrigation water impacts Ethiopian agriculture : an applied economics study |
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Doctoral thesis |
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Year |
2021 |
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xiv, 152 p. |
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Doctoral thesis; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM) |
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In recent decades, as crop production has increased in many areas where irrigation projects have been implemented, the global agricultural development community has promoted irrigation investments. However, due to the disappointing performance of irrigation farming in developing countries, irrigation intervention in Africa South of the Sahara including Ethiopia is an issue of debate. Moreover, several gaps exist in the Ethiopian irrigation farming literature. For instance, evidence about the direct and indirect effects of irrigation water on agriculture is not well documented. The irrigation farming literature has not disentangled the indirect effects of having access to irrigation water from the direct effect and the indirect effects have been underrepresented. Furthermore, most previous studies have applied either a quantitative or qualitative approach and have relied only on revealed data as main type of methodology, making studies that combine qualitative and quantitative research and that use both stated and revealed data underrepresented. In this study, different approaches have been applied to investigate how irrigation water impacts Ethiopia agriculture with special attention being given to disentangling the direct and indirect effects of irrigation water on Ethiopian agriculture. Using a structural equation model, a stochastic production frontier approach, and a discrete choice experiment, I drew evidence regarding the direct and indirect effects of irrigation water on crop revenue of smallholder farmers, the technical efficiency of irrigation user farmers, and the farmers’ willingness to pay to improve poor irrigation schemes from field observations, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions with farmers, and key informant interviews with the local agricultural agents from the Koga and Fogera Districts of Amhara Region Ethiopia. The results indicate that irrigation water in general has both direct and indirect positive effects on agriculture, and the indirect effect is mediated by both improved farm inputs and the type of crops produced. The results also show that – due to poor extension services and backward agronomic practices, the mean technical efficiency of farmers in Ethiopia is very low, and that large-scale irrigation users are less technically efficient than small-scale irrigation users. Moreover, the results show that improving irrigation schemes shifts the frontier up, and smallholder farmers are strongly willing to contribute financially to the maintenance costs of irrigation schemes. The results offer relevant lessons for policymakers that providing irrigation water supply must be embedded in a comprehensive support package including access to extension services, improved input supply, and access to stable markets. |
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978-90-5728-700-8 |
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UA library record |
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Most recent IF: NA |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:180816 |
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6928 |
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Author |
Peeters, M.; Compernolle, T.; Van Passel, S. |
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Influence of information provided at the moment of a fire alarm on the choice of exit |
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A1 Journal article |
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2020 |
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Fire Safety Journal |
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Fire Safety J |
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117 |
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103221-103228 |
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A1 Journal article; Economics; Engineering Management (ENM); Center for Oncological Research (CORE) |
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The data generated in buildings are used for all types of purposes. The quality of information used in assisting people to escape an emergency situation is of importance. In practice today, none of the data-generating systems that aid in the escape from emergency situations is validated on a regular basis. This study is based on the smart building concept. The rationale behind this concept is to provide information about a building and the usage of that building at each moment in time. An experiment was conducted to measure the impact of different types of information on participants' choice of exit, exit time and distance travelled. Seven identical floors of one building were used with different setups to see if the choice of exit is influenced by the type of information provided at the moment of an alarm. It was found that the information does have a significant impact on the choice of exit, escape speed and distance travelled. Furthermore, it was shown that false information can increase the time it takes to leave the building and the distance travelled, impacting the survival rate. The more imperative information is visualised, the stronger its influence is on the choices made. |
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000579650800011 |
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2020-09-15 |
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0379-7112 |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.1 |
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Most recent IF: 3.1; 2020 IF: 1.165 |
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UA @ admin @ c:irua:175125 |
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6929 |
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