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	Author	Heyer, S.; Janssen, W.; Turner, S.; Lu, Y.-G.; Yeap, W.S.; Verbeeck, J.; Haenen, K.; Krueger, A.
	Title	Toward deep blue nano hope diamonds : heavily boron-doped diamond nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	8	Issue	6	Pages	5757-5764
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The production of boron-doped diamond nanoparticles enables the application of this material for a broad range of fields, such as electrochemistry, thermal management, and fundamental superconductivity research. Here we present the production of highly boron-doped diamond nanoparticles using boron-doped CVD diamond films as a starting material. In a multistep milling process followed by purification and surface oxidation we obtained diamond nanoparticles of 1060 nm with a boron content of approximately 2.3 × 1021 cm3. Aberration-corrected HRTEM reveals the presence of defects within individual diamond grains, as well as a very thin nondiamond carbon layer at the particle surface. The boron K-edge electron energy-loss near-edge fine structure demonstrates that the B atoms are tetrahedrally embedded into the diamond lattice. The boron-doped diamond nanoparticles have been used to nucleate growth of a boron-doped diamond film by CVD that does not contain an insulating seeding layer.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000338089200039	Publication Date	2014-04-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	71	Open Access
	Notes	the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-Vlaanderen) (G.0555.10N;G.0568.10N; G.0456.12; G0044.13N and a postdoctoral scholarship for S.T.); EU FP7 through Marie Curie ITN “MATCON” (PITNGA-127 2009-238201)the Collaborative Project “DINAMO” (No. 245122) Integrated Infrastructure Initiative, Reference No. 312483-ESTEEM2.; esteem2_jra3			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2014 IF: 12.881
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117599			Serial	3683
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	Author	Khazzan, S.; Bessais, L.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Mliki, N.
	Title	Correlation between the nanocrystalline Sm(Fe,Mo)₁₂ and its out of equilibrium phase Sm(Fe,Mo)₁₀			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials	Abbreviated Journal	J Magn Magn Mater
	Volume	363	Issue		Pages	125-132
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Nanostructured Sm-Fe-Mo semi-hard magnetic material exhibiting enhanced magnetic properties can be produced by ball milling followed by recrystallization. Milled samples were annealed for 30 min in a vacuum at different temperatures (T-A) between 700 and 1190 degrees C. The effects of heat treatment and Mo content on structural and magnetic property changes have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction using the Rietvekl method, transmission electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. For samples annealed at T-A > 900 degrees C the tetragonal ThMn12-type structure is identified, while for 700 < T-A < 900 degrees C a new out of equilibrium P6/mmm type structure was found as the major phase. This novel nanocrystalline phase has never been synthesized before. The correspondent stoichiometry is determined on the basis of the vacancy model. The Rietveld analysis gives a stoichiometry ratio equal to 1:10, for the out of equilibrium hexagonal phase, which is described with three crystallographic transition metal sites: 3g is fully occupied, 61 occupation is limited to hexagons surrounding the Fe dumbbell pairs 2e. We have performed a magnetic and structural study of nanocrystalline metastable P6/mrnm Sm(Fe1-xMo)(10), correlated with structural transformation towards its equilibrium derivative 14/mrnm Sm(Fe1-xMo)(12). A maximum of the coercive field H-C (H-C > 5 kOe) has been observed for the new hexagonal P6/rnmm phase suggesting that nanocrystalline Sm(Fe,Mo)(10), is a semi hard material, and is potential candidate for magnetic recording. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000335393900021	Publication Date	2014-04-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-8853;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.63	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.63; 2014 IF: 1.970
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117139			Serial	524
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	Author	Van Boxem, R.; Partoens, B.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Rutherford scattering of electron vortices			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Physical review : A : atomic, molecular and optical physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev A
	Volume	89	Issue	3	Pages	032715-32719
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	By considering a cylindrically symmetric generalization of a plane wave, the first-order Born approximation of screened Coulomb scattering unfolds two new dimensions in the scattering problem: transverse momentum and orbital angular momentum of the incoming beam. In this paper, the elastic Coulomb scattering amplitude is calculated analytically for incoming Bessel beams. This reveals novel features occurring for wide-angle scattering and quantitative insights for small-angle vortex scattering. The result successfully generalizes the well-known Rutherford formula, incorporating transverse and orbital angular momentum into the formalism.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lancaster, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000333690500008	Publication Date	2014-03-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1050-2947;1094-1622;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.925	Times cited	34	Open Access
	Notes	312483-Esteem2; N246791 – Countatoms; 278510 Vortex; esteem2jra1; esteem2jra3 ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.925; 2014 IF: 2.808
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115562UA @ admin @ c:irua:115562			Serial	2936
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	Author	Lu, J.; Martinez, G.T.; Van Aert, S.; Schryvers, D.
	Title	Lattice deformations in quasi-dynamic strain glass visualised and quantified by aberration corrected electron microscopy			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Physica status solidi: B: basic research	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Status Solidi B
	Volume	251	Issue	10	Pages	2034-2040
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Advanced transmission electron microscopy and statistical parameter estimated quantification procedures were applied to study the room temperature quasi-dynamical strain glass state in NiTi alloys. Nanosized strain pockets are visualised and the displacements of the atom columns are quantified. A comparison is made with conventional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images of point defect induced strains in NiAl alloys.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos	000344360000009	Publication Date	2014-03-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0370-1972;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.674	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.674; 2014 IF: 1.489
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:120471			Serial	1801
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	Author	Verbruggen, S.W.; Keulemans, M.; Filippousi, M.; Flahaut, D.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Lacombe, S.; Martens, J.A.; Lenaerts, S.
	Title	Plasmonic goldsilver alloy on TiO₂ photocatalysts with tunable visible light activity			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Applied catalysis : B : environmental	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal B-Environ
	Volume	156	Issue		Pages	116-121
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Adaptation of the photoresponse of anatase TiO2 to match the solar spectrum is an important scientific challenge. Modification of TiO2 with noble metal nanoparticles displaying surface plasmon resonance effects is one of the promising approaches. Surface plasmon resonance typically depends on chemical composition, size, shape and spatial organization of the metal nanoparticles in contact with TiO2. AuxAg(1 − x) alloy nanoparticles display strong composition-dependent surface plasmon resonance in the visible light region of the spectrum. In this work, a general strategy is presented to prepare plasmonic TiO2-based photocatalysts with a visible light response that can be accurately tuned over a broad range of the spectrum. The application as self-cleaning material toward the degradation of stearic acid is demonstrated for a plasmonic TiO2 photocatalyst displaying visible light photoactivity at the intensity maximum of solar light around 490 nm.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000336013200014	Publication Date	2014-03-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0926-3373;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.446	Times cited	84	Open Access
	Notes	Flanders(FWO); Methusalem			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.446; 2014 IF: 7.435
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115552			Serial	2646
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	Author	Van den Broek, W.; Rosenauer, A.; Van Aert, S.; Sijbers, J.; van Dyck, D.
	Title	A memory efficient method for fully three-dimensional object reconstruction with HAADF STEM			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	141	Issue		Pages	22-31
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	The conventional approach to object reconstruction through electron tomography is to reduce the three-dimensional problem to a series of independent two-dimensional slice-by-slice reconstructions. However, at atomic resolution the image of a single atom extends over many such slices and incorporating this image as prior knowledge in tomography or depth sectioning therefore requires a fully three-dimensional treatment. Unfortunately, the size of the three-dimensional projection operator scales highly unfavorably with object size and readily exceeds the available computer memory. In this paper, it is shown that for incoherent image formation the memory requirement can be reduced to the fundamental lower limit of the object size, both for tomography and depth sectioning. Furthermore, it is shown through multislice calculations that high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy can be sufficiently incoherent for the reconstruction of single element nanocrystals, but that dynamical diffraction effects can cause classification problems if more than one element is present. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000335766600004	Publication Date	2014-03-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	ResearchFoundationFlanders(FWO;G.0393.11; G.0064.10;andG.0374.13); European Union Seventh Frame- workProgramme [FP7/2007-2013]under Grant agreement no. 312483 (ESTEEM2).; esteem2jra2; esteem2jra4			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843; 2014 IF: 2.436
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117650			Serial	1992
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	Author	Zaghi, A.E.; Buffière, M.; Brammertz, G.; Batuk, M.; Lenaers, N.; Kniknie, B.; Hadermann, J.; Meuris, M.; Poortmans, J.; Vleugels, J.
	Title	Mechanical synthesis of high purity Cu-In-Se alloy nanopowder as precursor for printed CISe thin film solar cells			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Advanced powder technology	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Powder Technol
	Volume	25	Issue	4	Pages	1254-1261
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Mechanical alloying and ball milling are low cost, up-scalable techniques for the preparation of high purity chalcogenide nanopowders to be used as precursor material for printing thin film solar cells. In this study, high purity copper indium selenium (Cu-In-Se) alloy nanopowders with 20-200 nm particle size were synthesized from macroscopic elemental Cu, In and Se powders via mechanical alloying and planetary ball milling. The particle size distribution, morphology, composition, and purity level of the synthesized Cu-In-Se alloy nanopowders were investigated. Thin Cu-In-Se alloy nanopowder ink coatings, deposited on Mo-coated glass substrates by doctor blading, were converted into a CuInSe2 semiconductor film by selenization heat treatment in Se vapor. The CuInSe2 film showed semiconducting band gap around 1 eV measured by photoluminescence spectroscopy. CuInSe2 absorber layer based thin film solar cell devices were fabricated to assess their performance. The solar cell device showed a total efficiency of 4.8%, as measured on 0.25 cm(2) area cell. (c) 2014 The Society of Powder Technology Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. and The Society of Powder Technology Japan. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Zeist	Editor
	Language		Wos	000341871700015	Publication Date	2014-03-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-8831;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.659	Times cited	10	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.659; 2014 IF: 2.638
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:119896			Serial	1977
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	Author	Galván-Moya, J.E.; Altantzis, T.; Nelissen, K.; Peeters, F.M.; Grzelczak, M.; Liz-Marán, L.M.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Self-organization of highly symmetric nanoassemblies : a matter of competition			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	8	Issue	4	Pages	3869-3875
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	The properties and applications of metallic nanoparticles are inseparably connected not only to their detailed morphology and composition but also to their structural configuration and mutual interactions. As a result, the assemblies often have superior properties as compared to individual nanoparticles. Although it has been reported that nanoparticles can form highly symmetric clusters, if the configuration can be predicted as a function of the synthesis parameters, more targeted and accurate synthesis will be possible. We present here a theoretical model that accurately predicts the structure and configuration of self-assembled gold nanoclusters. The validity of the model is verified using quantitative experimental data extracted from electron tomography 3D reconstructions of different assemblies. The present theoretical model is generic and can in principle be used for different types of nanoparticles, providing a very wide window of potential applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000334990600084	Publication Date	2014-03-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	34	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	FWO; Methusalem; 246791 COUNTATOMS; 335078 COLOURATOM; 262348 ESMI; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2014 IF: 12.881
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:116955			Serial	2977
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	Author	Idrissi, H.; Kobler, A.; Amin-Ahmadi, B.; Coulombier, M.; Galceran, M.; Raskin, J.-P.; Godet, S.; Kuebel, C.; Pardoen, T.; Schryvers, D.
	Title	Plasticity mechanisms in ultrafine grained freestanding aluminum thin films revealed by in-situ transmission electron microscopy nanomechanical testing			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Applied physics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Phys Lett
	Volume	104	Issue	10	Pages	101903
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In-situ bright field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) nanomechanical tensile testing and in-situ automated crystallographic orientation mapping in TEM were combined to unravel the elementary mechanisms controlling the plasticity of ultrafine grained Aluminum freestanding thin films. The characterizations demonstrate that deformation proceeds with a transition from grain rotation to intragranular dislocation glide and starvation plasticity mechanism at about 1% deformation. The grain rotation is not affected by the character of the grain boundaries. No grain growth or twinning is detected. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Institute of Physics	Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000333082800022	Publication Date	2014-03-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0003-6951;1077-3118;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	24	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2014 IF: 3.302
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:116866			Serial	2649
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	Author	Ustarroz, J.; Altantzis, T.; Hammons, J.A.; Hubin, A.; Bals, S.; Terryn, H.
	Title	The role of nanocluster aggregation, coalescence, and recrystallization in the electrochemical deposition of platinum nanostructures			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Mater
	Volume	26	Issue	7	Pages	2396-2406
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	By using an optimized characterization approach that combines aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy, electron tomography, and in situ ultrasmall angle X-ray scattering (USAXS), we show that the early stages of Pt electrochemical growth on carbon substrates may be affected by the aggregation, self-alignment, and partial coalescence of nanoclusters of d ≈ 2 nm. The morphology of the resulting nanostructures depends on the degree of coalescence and recrystallization of nanocluster aggregates, which in turn depends on the electrodeposition potential. At low overpotentials, a self-limiting growth mechanism may block the epitaxial growth of primary nanoclusters and results in loose dendritic aggregates. At more negative potentials, the extent of nanocluster coalescence and recrystallization is larger and further growth by atomic incorporation may be allowed. On one hand, this suggests a revision of the VolmerWeber island growth mechanism. Whereas this theory has traditionally assumed direct attachment as the only growth mechanism, it is suggested that nanocluster self-limiting growth, aggregation, and coalescence should also be taken into account during the early stages of nanoscale electrodeposition. On the other hand, depending on the deposition potential, ultrahigh porosities can be achieved, turning electrodeposition in an ideal process for highly active electrocatalyst production without the need of using high surface area carbon supports.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000334572300026	Publication Date	2014-03-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0897-4756;1520-5002;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.466	Times cited	55	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	FWO; contract no. FWOAL527			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.466; 2014 IF: 8.354
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:116956			Serial	2916
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	Author	Zhang, F.; Vanmeensel, K.; Inokoshi, M.; Batuk, M.; Hadermann, J.; Van Meerbeek, B.; Naert, I.; Vleugels, J.
	Title	3Y-TZP ceramics with improved hydrothermal degradation resistance and fracture toughness			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Journal of the European Ceramic Society	Abbreviated Journal	J Eur Ceram Soc
	Volume	34	Issue	10	Pages	2453-2463
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Different factors such as the way of incorporating the Y2O3 stabilizer, alumina addition and sintering temperature were assessed with the goal to improve the low temperature degradation (LTD) resistance of 3Y-TZP without compromising on the mechanical properties. The degradation of hydrothermally treated specimens was studied by X-ray diffraction, micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Decreasing the sintering temperature decreased the LTD susceptibility of 3Y-TZPs but did not allow to obtain a LTD resistant 3Y-TZP with optimized mechanical properties. Alumina addition along with the use of Y2O3 stabilizer coated starting powder allowed to combine both an excellent toughness and LTD resistance, as compared to alumina-free and stabilizer co-precipitated powder based equivalents. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the improved LTD resistance could be attributed to the segregation of Al3+ at the grain boundary and the heterogeneously distributed Y3+ stabilizer.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Barking	Editor
	Language		Wos	000336352500033	Publication Date	2014-03-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0955-2219;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.411	Times cited	48	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo G.0431.10n			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.411; 2014 IF: 2.947
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117065 c:irua:117065			Serial	11
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	Author	Kalesaki, E.; Boneschanscher, M.P.; Geuchies, J.J.; Delerue, C.; Morais Smith, C.; Evers, W.H.; Allan, G.; Altantzis, T.; Bals, S.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.
	Title	Preparation and study of 2-D semiconductors with Dirac type bands due to the honeycomb nanogeometry			Type	P1 Proceeding
	Year	2014	Publication	Proceedings of the Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers T2 – Proceedings of SPIE	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	8981	Issue		Pages	898107-898107
	Keywords	P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The interest in 2-dimensional systems with a honeycomb lattice and related Dirac-type electronic bands has exceeded the prototype graphene1. Currently, 2-dimensional atomic2,3 and nanoscale4-8 systems are extensively investigated in the search for materials with novel electronic properties that can be tailored by geometry. The immediate question that arises is how to fabricate 2-D semiconductors that have a honeycomb nanogeometry, and as a consequence of that, display a Dirac-type band structure? Here, we show that atomically coherent honeycomb superlattices of rocksalt (PbSe, PbTe) and zincblende (CdSe, CdTe) semiconductors can be obtained by nanocrystal self-assembly and facet-to-facet atomic bonding, and subsequent cation exchange. We present a extended structural analysis of atomically coherent 2-D honeycomb structures that were recently obtained with self-assembly and facet-to-facet bonding9. We show that this process may in principle lead to three different types of honeycomb structures, one with a graphene type-, and two others with a silicene-type structure. Using TEM, electron diffraction, STM and GISAXS it is convincingly shown that the structures are from the silicene-type. In the second part of this work, we describe the electronic structure of graphene-type and silicene type honeycomb semiconductors. We present the results of advanced electronic structure calculations using the sp3d5s* atomistic tight-binding method10. For simplicity, we focus on semiconductors with a simple and single conduction band for the native bulk semiconductor. When the 3-D geometry is changed into 2-D honeycomb, a conduction band structure transformation to two types of Dirac cones, one for S- and one for P-orbitals, is observed. The width of the bands depends on the honeycomb period and the coupling between the nanocrystals. Furthermore, there is a dispersionless P-orbital band, which also forms a landmark of the honeycomb structure. The effects of considerable intrinsic spin-orbit coupling are briefly considered. For heavy-element compounds such as CdTe, strong intrinsic spin-‐orbit coupling opens a non-trivial gap at the P-orbital Dirac point, leading to a quantum Spin Hall effect10-12. Our work shows that well known semiconductor crystals, known for centuries, can lead to systems with entirely new electronic properties, by the simple action of nanogeometry. It can be foreseen that such structures will play a key role in future opto-electronic applications, provided that they can be fabricated in a straightforward way.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000336040600004	Publication Date	2014-03-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	2	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work has been supported by funding of the French National Research Agency [ANR, (ANR-‐09-‐BLAN-‐0421-‐01)], NWO and the Dutch organization FOM [Programs “Control over Functional Nanoparticle Solids” (FNPS) and “Designing Dirac Carriers in Semiconductors”			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	c:irua:131912			Serial	4039
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	Author	Schütte, K.; Doddi, A.; Kroll, C.; Meyer, H.; Wiktor, C.; Gemel, C.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Fischer, R.A.; Janiak, C.
	Title	Colloidal nickel/gallium nanoalloys obtained from organometallic precursors in conventional organic solvents and in ionic liquids : noble-metal-free alkyne semihydrogenation catalysts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	6	Issue	10	Pages	5532-5544
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Efforts to replace noble-metal catalysts by low-cost alternatives are of constant interest. The organometallic, non-aqueous wet-chemical synthesis of various hitherto unknown nanocrystalline Ni/Ga intermetallic materials and the use of NiGa for the selective semihydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes are reported. Thermal co-hydrogenolysis of the all-hydrocarbon precursors [Ni(COD)(2)] (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) and GaCp* (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) in high-boiling organic solvents mesitylene and n-decane in molar ratios of 1 : 1, 2 : 3 and 3 : 1 yields the nano-crystalline powder materials of the over-all compositions NiGa, Ni2Ga3 and Ni3Ga, respectively. Microwave induced co-pyrolysis of the same precursors without additional hydrogen in the ionic liquid [BMIm][BF4] (BMIm = 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium) selectively yields the intermetallic phases NiGa and Ni3Ga from the respective 1 : 1 and 3 : 1 molar ratios of the precursors. The obtained materials are characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), IR, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The single-source precursor [Ni(GaCp)(PMe3)(3)] with a fixed Ni : Ga stoichiometry of 1 : 1 was employed as well. In comparison with the co-hydrogenolytic dual precursor source approach it turned out to be less practical due to inefficient nickel incorporation caused by the parasitic formation of stable [Ni(PMe3)(4)]. The use of ionic liquid [BMIm][BF4] as a non-conventional solvent to control the reaction and stabilize the nanoparticles proved to be particularly advantageous and stable colloids of the nanoalloys NiGa and Ni3Ga were obtained. A phase-selective Ni/Ga colloid synthesis in conventional solvents and in the presence of surfactants such as hexadecylamine (HDA) was not feasible due to the undesired reactivity of HDA with GaCp leading to inefficient gallium incorporation. Recyclable NiGa nanoparticles selectively semihydrogenate 1-octyne and diphenylacetylene (tolan) to 1-octene and diphenylethylene, respectively, with a yield of about 90% and selectivities of up to 94 and 87%. Ni-NPs yield alkanes with a selectivity of 97 or 78%, respectively, under the same conditions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000335148800069	Publication Date	2014-03-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364;2040-3372;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	40	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367; 2014 IF: 7.394
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117251			Serial	390
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	Author	Kundu, P.; Heidari, H.; Bals, S.; Ravishankar, N.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Formation and thermal stability of gold-silica nanohybrids : insight into the mechanism and morphology by electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English	Abbreviated Journal	Angew Chem Int Edit
	Volume	53	Issue	15	Pages	3970-3974
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Gold-silica hybrids are appealing in different fields of applications like catalysis, sensorics, drug delivery, and biotechnology. In most cases, the morphology and distribution of the heterounits play significant roles in their functional behavior. Methods of synthesizing these hybrids, with variable ordering of the heterounits, are replete; however, a complete characterization in three dimensions could not be achieved yet. A simple route to the synthesis of Au-decorated SiO2 spheres is demonstrated and a study on the 3D ordering of the heterounits by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography is presentedat the final stage, intermediate stages of formation, and after heating the hybrid. The final hybrid evolves from a soft self-assembled structure of Au nanoparticles. The hybrid shows good thermal stability up to 400 degrees C, beyond which the Au particles start migrating inside the SiO2 matrix. This study provides an insight in the formation mechanism and thermal stability of the structures which are crucial factors for designing and applying such hybrids in fields of catalysis and biotechnology. As the method is general, it can be applied to make similar hybrids based on SiO2 by tuning the reaction chemistry as needed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000333634800036	Publication Date	2014-03-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1433-7851;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11.994	Times cited	10	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This research has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Program (ERC; grant number 246791)— COUNTATOMS, COLOURATOMS, as well as from the IAP 7/05 Programme initiated by the Belgian Science Policy Office. Funding from the Department of Science and Technology (DST) is also acknowledged.; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 11.994; 2014 IF: 11.261
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117186			Serial	1251
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	Author	Govaerts, K.; Sluiter, M.H.F.; Partoens, B.; Lamoen, D.
	Title	Homologous series of layered structures in binary and ternary Bi-Sb-Te-Se systems : ab initio study			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev B
	Volume	89	Issue	5	Pages	054106-54109
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
	Abstract	In order to account explicitly for the existence of long-periodic layered structures and the strong structural relaxations in the most common binary and ternary alloys of the Bi-Sb-Te-Se system, we have developed a one-dimensional cluster expansion (CE) based on first-principles electronic structure calculations, which accounts for the Bi and Sb bilayer formation. Excellent interlayer distances are obtained with a van der Waals density functional. It is shown that a CE solely based on pair interactions is sufficient to provide an accurate description of the ground-state energies of Bi-Sb-Te-Se binary and ternary systems without making the data set of ab initio calculated structures unreasonably large. For the binary alloys A1−xQx (A=Sb, Bi; Q=Te, Se), a ternary CE yields an almost continuous series of (meta)stable structures consisting of consecutive A bilayers next to consecutive A2Q3 for 0<x<0.6. For x>0.6, the binary alloy segregates into pure Q and A2Q3. The Bi-Sb system is described by a quaternary CE and is found to be an ideal solid solution stabilized by entropic effects at T≠0 K but with an ordered structure of alternating Bi and Sb layers for x=0.5 at T=0 K. A quintuple CE is used for the ternary Bi-Sb-Te system, where stable ternary layered compounds with an arbitrary stacking of Sb2Te3, Bi2Te3, and Te-Bi-Te-Sb-Te quintuple units are found, optionally separated by mixed Bi/Sb bilayers. Electronic properties of the stable compounds were studied taking spin-orbit coupling into account.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000332420900001	Publication Date	2014-03-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1098-0121;1550-235X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.836	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Hercules			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.836; 2014 IF: 3.736
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:114910			Serial	1487
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	Author	Li, D.Y.; Zeng, Y.J.; Batuk, D.; Pereira, L.M.C.; Ye, Z.Z.; Fleischmann, C.; Menghini, M.; Nikitenko, S.; Hadermann, J.; Temst, K.; Vantomme, A.; Van Bael, M.J.; Locquet, J.P.; Van Haesendonck, C.;
	Title	Relaxor ferroelectricity and magnetoelectric coupling in ZnOCo nanocomposite thin films : beyond multiferroic composites			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	ACS applied materials and interfaces	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Appl Mater Inter
	Volume	6	Issue	7	Pages	4737-4742
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	ZnOCo nanocomposite thin films are synthesized by combination of pulsed laser deposition of ZnO and Co ion implantation. Both superparamagnetism and relaxor ferroelectricity as well as magnetoelectric coupling in the nanocomposites have been demonstrated. The unexpected relaxor ferroelectricity is believed to be the result of the local lattice distortion induced by the incorporation of the Co nanoparticles. Magnetoelectric coupling can be attributed to the interaction between the electric dipole moments and the magnetic moments, which are both induced by the incorporation of Co. The introduced ZnOCo nanocomposite thin films are different from conventional strain-mediated multiferroic composites.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000334572800018	Publication Date	2014-03-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1944-8244;1944-8252;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.504	Times cited	21	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 7.504; 2014 IF: 6.723
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117063			Serial	2864
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	Author	Leusink, D.P.; Coneri, F.; Hoek, M.; Turner, S.; Idrissi, H.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Hilgenkamp, H.
	Title	Thin films of the spin ice compound Ho₂Ti₂O₇			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	APL materials	Abbreviated Journal	Apl Mater
	Volume	2	Issue	3	Pages	032101-32107
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The pyrochlore compounds Ho2Ti2O7 and Dy2Ti2O7 show an exotic form of magnetism called the spin ice state, resulting from the interplay between geometrical frustration and ferromagnetic coupling. A fascinating feature of this state is the appearance of magnetic monopoles as emergent excitations above the degenerate ground state. Over the past years, strong effort has been devoted to the investigation of these monopoles and other properties of the spin ice state in bulk crystals. Here, we report the fabrication of Ho2Ti2O7 thin films using pulsed laser deposition on yttria-stabilized ZrO2 substrates. We investigated the structural properties of these films by X-ray diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, and the magnetic properties by vibrating sample magnetometry at 2 K. The films not only show a high crystalline quality, but also exhibit the hallmarks of a spin ice: a pronounced magnetic anisotropy and an intermediate plateau in the magnetization along the [111] crystal direction.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000334220300002	Publication Date	2014-03-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2166-532X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.335	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes	The authors acknowledge support from the Dutch FOM and NWO foundations and from the European Union under the Framework 7 program under a contract from an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (Reference 312483 ESTEEM2). G.V.T. acknowledges the ERC Grant N246791- COUNTATOMS. S.T. gratefully acknowledges financial support from the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO). H.I. acknowledges the IAP program of the Belgian State Federal Office for Scientific, Technical and Cultural Affairs under Contract No. P7/21. The microscope used in this study was partially financed by the Hercules Foundation of the Flemish Government. The authors acknowledge fruitful interactions with A. Brinkman, M. G. Blamire, M. Egilmez, F. J. G. Roesthuis, J. N. Beukers, C. G. Molenaar, M. Veldhorst, and X. Renshaw Wang; esteem2_ta			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.335; 2014 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115555			Serial	3641
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	Author	Masenelli-Varlot, K.; Malchere, A.; Ferreira, J.; Heidari Mezerji, H.; Bals, S.; Messaoudi, C.; Garrido, S.M.
	Title	Wet-STEM tomography : principles, potentialities and limitations			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	20	Issue	2	Pages	366-375
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The characterization of biological and inorganic materials by determining their three-dimensional structure in conditions closer to their native state is a major challenge of technological research. Environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) provides access to the observation of hydrated samples in water environments. Here, we present a specific device for ESEM in the scanning transmission electron microscopy mode, allowing the acquisition of tilt-series suitable for tomographic reconstructions. The resolution which can be obtained with this device is first determined. Then, we demonstrate the feasibility of tomography on wet materials. The example studied here is hydrophilic mesoporous silica (MCM-41). Finally, the minimum thickness of water which can be detected is calculated from Monte Carlo simulations and compared with the resolution expected in the tomograms.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000337304700005	Publication Date	2014-02-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited	9	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	IAP-PAI; European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7); ERC grant no. 335078-COLOURATOMS.; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2014 IF: 1.877
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:118411			Serial	3915
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	Author	Gou, H.; Tsirlin, A.A.; Bykova, E.; Abakumov, A.M.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Richter, A.; Ovsyannikov, S.V.; Kurnosov, A.V.; Trots, D.M.; Konôpková, Z.; Liermann, H.P.; Dubrovinsky, L.; Dubrovinskaia, N.;
	Title	Peierls distortion, magnetism, and high hardness of manganese tetraboride			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Physical review : B : condensed matter and materials physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev B
	Volume	89	Issue	6	Pages	064108-64109
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We report crystal structure, electronic structure, and magnetism of manganese tetraboride, MnB4, synthesized under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions. In contrast to superconducting FeB4 and metallic CrB4, which are both orthorhombic, MnB4 features a monoclinic crystal structure. Its lower symmetry originates from a Peierls distortion of the Mn chains. This distortion nearly opens the gap at the Fermi level, but despite the strong dimerization and the proximity of MnB4 to the insulating state, we find indications for a sizable paramagnetic effective moment of about 1.7 mu(B)/f.u., ferromagnetic spin correlations, and, even more surprisingly, a prominent electronic contribution to the specific heat. However, no magnetic order has been observed in standard thermodynamic measurements down to 2 K. Altogether, this renders MnB4 a structurally simple but microscopically enigmatic material; we argue that its properties may be influenced by electronic correlations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000332405000002	Publication Date	2014-02-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1098-0121;1550-235X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.836	Times cited	39	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.836; 2014 IF: 3.736
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115819			Serial	2571
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	Author	Erni, R.; Abakumov, A.M.; Rossell, M.D.; Batuk, D.; Tsirlin, A.A.; Nénert, G.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Nanoscale phase separation in perovskites revisited			Type	L1 Letter to the editor
	Year	2014	Publication	Nature materials	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Mater
	Volume	13	Issue	3	Pages	216-217
	Keywords	L1 Letter to the editor; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000331945200002	Publication Date	2014-02-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1476-1122;1476-4660;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	39.737	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 39.737; 2014 IF: 36.503
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:114579			Serial	2270
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	Author	Idrissi, H.; Amin-Ahmadi, B.; Wang, B.; Schryvers, D.
	Title	Review on TEM analysis of growth twins in nanocrystalline palladium thin films : toward better understanding of twin-related mechanisms in high stacking fault energy metals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Physica status solidi: B: basic research	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Status Solidi B
	Volume	251	Issue	6	Pages	1111-1124
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Various modes of transmission electron microscopy including aberration corrected imaging were used in order to unravel the fundamental mechanisms controlling the formation of growth twins and the evolution of twin boundaries under mechanical and hydrogen loading modes in nanocrystalline (nc) palladium thin films. The latter were produced by electron-beam evaporation and sputter deposition and subjected to uniaxial tensile deformation as well as hydriding/dehydriding cycles. The results show that the twins form by dissociation of grain boundaries. The coherency of Σ3{111} coherent twin boundaries considerably decreases with deformation due to dislocation/twin boundary interactions while Σ3{112} incoherent twin boundaries dissociate under hydrogen cycling into two-phase boundaries bounding a new and unstable 9R phase. The effect of these elementary mechanisms on the macroscopic behavior of the palladium films is discussed and compared to recent experimental and simulation works in the literature. The results provide insightful information to guide the production of well-controlled population of growth twins in high stacking fault energy nc metallic thin films. The results also indicate directions for further enhancement of the mechanical properties of palladium films as needed for instance in palladium-based membranes in hydrogen applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Berlin	Editor
	Language		Wos	000337608600001	Publication Date	2014-02-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0370-1972;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.674	Times cited	7	Open Access
	Notes	Iap P7/21; Fwo G012012n			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.674; 2014 IF: 1.489
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:114580			Serial	2905
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	Author	Deng, S.; Verbruggen, S.W.; He, Z.; Cott, D.J.; Vereecken, P.M.; Martens, J.A.; Bals, S.; Lenaerts, S.; Detavernier, C.
	Title	Atomic layer deposition-based synthesis of photoactive TiO₂ nanoparticle chains by using carbon nanotubes as sacrificial templates			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	RSC advances	Abbreviated Journal	Rsc Adv
	Volume	4	Issue	23	Pages	11648-11653
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	Highly ordered and self supported anatase TiO2 nanoparticle chains were fabricated by calcining conformally TiO2 coated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). During annealing, the thin tubular TiO2 coating that was deposited onto the MWCNTs by atomic layer deposition (ALD) was transformed into chains of TiO2 nanoparticles ([similar]12 nm diameter) with an ultrahigh surface area (137 cm2 per cm2 of substrate), while at the same time the carbon from the MWCNTs was removed. Photocatalytic tests on the degradation of acetaldehyde proved that these forests of TiO2 nanoparticle chains are highly photoactive under UV light because of their well crystallized anatase phase.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000332470000017	Publication Date	2014-02-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2046-2069;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.108	Times cited	45	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; The authors wish to thank the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and UGENT-GOA-01G01513 for financial support. The authors acknowledge the European Research Council for funding under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement no. 239865-COCOON and no. 246791-COUNTATOMS. JAM acknowledges the Flemish government for long-term structural funding (Methusalem). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.108; 2014 IF: 3.840
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117298			Serial	168
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	Author	Guzzinati, G.; Clark, L.; Béché, A.; Verbeeck, J.
	Title	Measuring the orbital angular momentum of electron beams			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Physical review : A : atomic, molecular and optical physics	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev A
	Volume	89	Issue		Pages	025803
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The recent demonstration of electron vortex beams has opened up the new possibility of studying orbital angular momentum (OAM) in the interaction between electron beams and matter. To this aim, methods to analyze the OAM of an electron beam are fundamentally important and a necessary next step. We demonstrate the measurement of electron beam OAM through a variety of techniques. The use of forked holographic masks, diffraction from geometric apertures, and diffraction from a knife edge and the application of an astigmatic lens are all experimentally demonstrated. The viability and limitations of each are discussed with supporting numerical simulations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lancaster, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000332224100014	Publication Date	2014-02-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1050-2947;1094-1622;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.925	Times cited	42	Open Access
	Notes	Vortex; FP7; Countatoms; ESTEEM2; esteem2jra3 ECASJO;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.925; 2014 IF: 2.808
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:114577UA @ admin @ c:irua:114577			Serial	1972
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	Author	Stambula, S.; Gauquelin, N.; Bugnet, M.; Gorantla, S.; Turner, S.; Sun, S.; Liu, J.; Zhang, G.; Sun, X.; Botton, G.A.
	Title	Chemical structure of nitrogen-doped graphene with single platinum atoms and atomic clusters as a platform for the PEMFC electrode			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	The journal of physical chemistry: C : nanomaterials and interfaces	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys Chem C
	Volume	118	Issue	8	Pages	3890-3900
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A platform for producing stabilized Pt atoms and clusters through the combination of an N-doped graphene support and atomic layer deposition (ALD) for the Pt catalysts was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). It was determined, using imaging and spectroscopy techniques, that a wide range of N-dopant types entered the graphene lattice through covalent bonds without largely damaging its structure. Additionally and most notably, Pt atoms and atomic clusters formed in the absence of nanoparticles. This work provides a new strategy for experimentally producing stable atomic and subnanometer cluster catalysts, which can greatly assist the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) development by producing the ultimate surface area to volume ratio catalyst.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000332188100004	Publication Date	2014-02-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1932-7447;1932-7455;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.536	Times cited	57	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.536; 2014 IF: 4.772
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115571			Serial	352
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	Author	Rehor, I.; Slegerova, J.; Kucka, J.; Proks, V.; Petrakova, V.; Adam, M.P.; Treussart, F.; Turner, S.; Bals, S.; Sacha, P.; Ledvina, M.; Wen, A.M.; Steinmetz, N.F.; Cigler, P.;
	Title	Fluorescent nanodiamonds embedded in biocompatible translucent shells			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Small	Abbreviated Journal	Small
	Volume	10	Issue	6	Pages	1106-1115
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	High pressure high temperature (HPHT) nanodiamonds (NDs) represent extremely promising materials for construction of fluorescent nanoprobes and nanosensors. However, some properties of bare NDs limit their direct use in these applications: they precipitate in biological solutions, only a limited set of bio-orthogonal conjugation techniques is available and the accessible material is greatly polydisperse in shape. In this work, we encapsulate bright 30-nm fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) in 1020-nm thick translucent (i.e., not altering FND fluorescence) silica shells, yielding monodisperse near-spherical particles of mean diameter 66 nm. High yield modification of the shells with PEG chains stabilizes the particles in ionic solutions, making them applicable in biological environments. We further modify the opposite ends of PEG chains with fluorescent dyes or vectoring peptide using click chemistry. High conversion of this bio-orthogonal coupling yielded circa 2000 dye or peptide molecules on a single FND. We demonstrate the superior properties of these particles by in vitro interaction with human prostate cancer cells: while bare nanodiamonds strongly aggregate in the buffer and adsorb onto the cell membrane, the shell encapsulated NDs do not adsorb nonspecifically and they penetrate inside the cells.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000333538000012	Publication Date	2014-02-05
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1613-6810;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.643	Times cited	79	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	262348 ESMI; Hercules; FWO			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.643; 2014 IF: 8.368
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115566			Serial	1234
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	Author	Verbeeck, J.; Guzzinati, G.; Clark, L.; Juchtmans, R.; Van Boxem, R.; Tian, H.; Béché, A.; Lubk, A.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Shaping electron beams for the generation of innovative measurements in the (S)TEM			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Comptes rendus : physique	Abbreviated Journal	Cr Phys
	Volume	15	Issue	2-3	Pages	190-199
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In TEM, a typical goal consists of making a small electron probe in the sample plane in order to obtain high spatial resolution in scanning transmission electron microscopy. In order to do so, the phase of the electron wave is corrected to resemble a spherical wave compensating for aberrations in the magnetic lenses. In this contribution, we discuss the advantage of changing the phase of an electron wave in a specific way in order to obtain fundamentally different electron probes opening up new applications in the (S)TEM. We focus on electron vortex states as a specific family of waves with an azimuthal phase signature and discuss their properties, production and applications. The concepts presented here are rather general and also different classes of probes can be obtained in a similar fashion, showing that electron probes can be tuned to optimize a specific measurement or interaction.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Paris	Editor
	Language		Wos	000334013600009	Publication Date	2014-02-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1631-0705;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.048	Times cited	22	Open Access
	Notes	Vortex ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.048; 2014 IF: 2.035
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:116946UA @ admin @ c:irua:116946			Serial	2992
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	Author	Samal, D.; Tan, H.; Takamura, Y.; Siemons, W.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Arenholz, E.; Jenkins, C.A.; Rijnders, G.; Koster, G.
	Title	Direct structural and spectroscopic investigation of ultrathin films of tetragonal CuO: Six-fold coordinated copper			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Europhysics letters	Abbreviated Journal	Epl-Europhys Lett
	Volume	105	Issue	1	Pages	17003-17005
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Unlike other 3d transition metal monoxides (MnO, FeO, CoO, and NiO), CuO is found in a low-symmetry distorted monoclinic structure rather than the rocksalt structure. We report here of the growth of ultrathin CuO films on SrTiO3 substrates; scanning transmission electron microscopy was used to show the stabilization of a tetragonal rocksalt structure with an elongated c-axis such that c/a similar to 1.34 and the Cu-O-Cu bond angle similar to 180 degrees, pointing to metastable six-fold coordinated Cu. X-ray absorption spectroscopy demonstrates that the hole at the Cu site for the CuO is localized in 3d(x2-y2) orbital unlike the well-studied monoclinic CuO phase. The experimental confirmation of the tetragonal structure of CuO opens up new avenues to explore electronic and magnetic properties of six-fold coordinated Cu. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2014
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Paris	Editor
	Language		Wos	000331197100015	Publication Date	2014-01-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0295-5075;1286-4854;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.957	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes	This work was carried out with financial support from the AFOSR and EOARD projects (project No.: FA8655-10-1-3077) and also supported by funding from the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7), ERC grant No. 246791 – COUNTATOMS, ERC Starting Grant 278510 VORTEX, Grant No. NMP3-LA-2010-246102 IFOX and an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative, reference No. 312483-ESTEEM2. The Qu-Ant-EM microscope was partly funded by the Hercules fund from the Flemish Government. Advanced Light Source is supported by the Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231. YT acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation (DMR-0747896). WS was supported by the US DOE, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division. ECASJO_;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.957; 2014 IF: 2.095
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115806UA @ admin @ c:irua:115806			Serial	722
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	Author	Batuk, M.; Turner, S.; Abakumov, A.M.; Batuk, D.; Hadermann, J.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Atomic structure of defects in anion-deficient perovskite-based ferrites with a crystallographic shear structure			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Inorganic chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Inorg Chem
	Volume	53	Issue	4	Pages	2171-2180
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Crystallographic shear (CS) planes provide a new structure-generation mechanism in the anion-deficient perovskites containing lone-pair cations. Pb2Sr2Bi2Fe6O16, a new n = 6 representative of the AnBnO3n2 homologous series of the perovskite-based ferrites with the CS structure, has been synthesized using the solid-state technique. The structure is built of perovskite blocks with a thickness of four FeO6 octahedra spaced by double columns of FeO5 edge-sharing distorted tetragonal pyramids, forming 1/2[110](101)p CS planes (space group Pnma, a = 5.6690(2) Å, b = 3.9108(1) Å, c = 32.643(1) Å). Pb2Sr2Bi2Fe6O16 features a wealth of microstructural phenomena caused by the flexibility of the CS planes due to the variable ratio and length of the constituting fragments with {101}p and {001}p orientation. This leads to the formation of waves, hairpins, Γ-shaped defects, and inclusions of the hitherto unknown layered anion-deficient perovskites Bi2(Sr,Pb)Fe3O8.5 and Bi3(Sr,Pb)Fe4O11.5. Using a combination of diffraction, imaging, and spectroscopic transmission electron microscopy techniques this complex microstructure was fully characterized, including direct determination of positions, chemical composition, and coordination number of individual atomic species. The complex defect structure makes these perovskites particularly similar to the CS structures in ReO3-type oxides. The flexibility of the CS planes appears to be a specific feature of the Sr-based system, related to the geometric match between the SrO perovskite layers and the {100}p segments of the CS planes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Easton, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000332144100039	Publication Date	2014-01-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0020-1669;1520-510X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.857	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	Countatoms; FWO			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.857; 2014 IF: 4.762
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:113507			Serial	198
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	Author	Snoeck, E.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Networking strategies of the microscopy community for improved utilisation of advanced instruments : (3) two European initiatives to support TEM infrastructures and promote electron microscopy over Europe, ESTEEM (20062011) and ESTEEM 2 (20122016)			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Comptes rendus : physique	Abbreviated Journal	Cr Phys
	Volume	15	Issue	2-3	Pages	281-284
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The ESTEEM consortium of electron microscopy laboratories for materials science and solid-state physics has been created as an EU-supported delocalized infrastructure (I3) to bring together the major electron microscopy centres in Europe. Its main objectives were to develop networking, to offer transnational access to these centres with specialized and complementary techniques and skills and to upgrade in close collaboration different technical and methodological aspects such as tomography, spectroscopy, holography, detectors, and specimen holders. These efforts were aimed to strengthen the position of European microscopy and to generate new technologies potentially of high relevance in many domains identified as strategic. Following the success of the first program, ESTEEM has been reconducted in 2012 for four more years with an enlarged set of partners.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Paris	Editor
	Language		Wos	000334013600017	Publication Date	2014-01-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1631-0705;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record
	Impact Factor	2.048	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.048; 2014 IF: 2.035
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:115550			Serial	2293
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	Author	Yan, Y.; Wang, L.-X.; Ke, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Wu, X.-S.; Yu, D.-P.; Liao, Z.-M.
	Title	High-mobility Bi₂Se₃ nanoplates manifesting quantum oscillations of surface states in the sidewalls			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Scientific reports	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Rep-Uk
	Volume	4	Issue		Pages	3817-7
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Magnetotransport measurements of topological insulators are very important to reveal the exotic topological surface states for spintronic applications. However, the novel properties related to the surface Dirac fermions are usually accompanied by a large linear magnetoresistance under perpendicular magnetic field, which makes the identification of the surface states obscure. Here, we report prominent Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations under an in-plane magnetic field, which are identified to originate from the surface states in the sidewalls of topological insulator Bi2Se3 nanoplates. Importantly, the SdH oscillations appear with a dramatically weakened magnetoresistance background, offering an easy path to probe the surface states directly when the coexistence of surface states and bulk conduction is inevitable. Moreover, under a perpendicular magnetic field, the oscillations in Hall conductivity have peak-to-valley amplitudes of 2 e(2)/h, giving confidence to achieve a quantum Hall effect in this system. A cross-section view of the nanoplate shows that the sidewall is (015) facet dominant and therefore forms a 586 angle with regard to the top/ bottom surface instead of being perpendicular; this gives credit to the surface states' behavior as two-dimensional transport.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Nature Publishing Group	Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000330044700008	Publication Date	2014-01-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2045-2322;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.259	Times cited	31	Open Access
	Notes	ERC grant Nu246791 – COUNTATOMS			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.259; 2014 IF: 5.578
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:114815			Serial	1436
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