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	Author	Trashin, S.; De Jong, M.; Meynen, V.; Dewilde, S.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Attaching redox proteins onto electrode surfaces by bis-silane			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	ChemElectroChem	Abbreviated Journal	Chemelectrochem
	Volume	3	Issue	7	Pages	1035-1038
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Immobilization of redox proteins on electrode surfaces is of special interest for mechanistic studies and applications because of a well-controlled redox state of protein molecules by a polarized electrode and fast electron transfer kinetics, free from diffusion limitation. Here, bis-organosilane (1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane) was applied as a fresh solution in a pH 7 phosphate buffer without use of any organic solvent, sol-gel or mesoporous bulk matrix. A short aging period of 30 minutes before deposition on the electrodes was optimal for the immobilization of proteins. Three redox proteins (cytochrome c, neuroglobin and GLB-12) were confined to the gold surface of electrodes with high coverages and stability, indicating that the suggested technique is simple, efficient and generic in nature.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000380043500001	Publication Date	2016-03-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2196-0216	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.136	Times cited	4	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors thank the Fund for Scientific Research-Flanders (FWO) (Grant G.0687.13) and the GOA-BOF UA 2013-2016 (project ID 28312) for funding. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.136
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:132628			Serial	5485
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	Author	Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, S.; Van Echelpoel, R.; Boeye, G.; Eliaerts, J.; Samanipour, M.; Ching, H.Y.V.; Florea, A.; Van Doorslaer, S.; Van Durme, F.; Samyn, N.; Parrilla, M.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Towards developing a screening strategy for ecstasy : revealing the electrochemical profile			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Chemelectrochem	Abbreviated Journal	Chemelectrochem
	Volume	8	Issue	24	Pages	4826-4834
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Organic synthesis (ORSY); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT); Antwerp Electrochemical and Analytical Sciences Lab (A-Sense Lab)
	Abstract	This article describes the development of an electrochemical screening strategy for 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), the regular psychoactive compound in ecstasy (XTC) pills. We have investigated the specific electrochemical profile of MDMA and its electro-oxidation mechanisms at disposable graphite screen-printed electrodes. We have proved that the formation of a radical cation and subsequent reactions are indeed responsible for the electrode surface passivation, as evidenced by using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrochemistry. Thereafter, pure cutting agents and MDMA as well as simulated binary mixtures of compounds with MDMA were subjected to square wave voltammetry at pH 7 to understand the characteristic electrochemical profile. An additional measurement at pH 12 was able to resolve false positives and negatives occurring at pH 7. Finally, validation of the screening strategy was done by measuring a set of ecstasy street samples. Overall, our proposed electrochemical screening strategy has been demonstrated for the rapid, sensitive, and selective detection of MDMA, resolving most of the false positives and negatives given by the traditional Marquis color tests, thus exhibiting remarkable promises for the on-site screening of MDMA.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000735883700020	Publication Date	2021-12-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2196-0216	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.136	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.136
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:184371			Serial	8680
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	Author	Castanheiro, A.; Joos, P.; Wuyts, K.; De Wael, K.; Samson, R.
	Title	Leaf-deposited semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) : an exploratory study using GCxGC-TOFMS on leaf washing solutions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Chemosphere	Abbreviated Journal	Chemosphere
	Volume	214	Issue	214	Pages	103-110
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Airborne particulate matter (PM) includes semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), which can be deposited on vegetation matrices such as plant leaves. In alternative to air-point measurements or artificial passive substrates, leaf monitoring offers a cost-effective, time-integrating means of assessing local air quality. In this study, leaf washing solutions from ivy (Hedera hibernica) leaves exposed during one-month at different land use classes were explored via comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOFMS). The composition of leaf-deposited SVOCs, corrected for those of unexposed leaves, was compared against routinely monitored pollutants concentrations (PM10, PM2.5, O3, NO2, SO2) measured at co-located air monitoring stations. The first study on leaf-deposited SVOCs retrieved from washing solutions, herein reported, delivered a total of 911 detected compounds. While no significant land use (rural, urban, industrial, traffic, mixed) effects were observed, increasing exposure time (from one to 28 days) resulted in a higher number and diversity of SVOCs, suggesting cumulative time-integration to be more relevant than local source variations between sites. After one day, leaf-deposited SVOCs were mainly due to alcohols, N-containing compounds, carboxylic acids, esters and lactones, while ketones, diketones and hydrocarbons compounds gained relevance after one week, and phenol compounds after one month. As leaf-deposited SVOCs became overall more oxidized throughout exposure time, SVOCs transformation or degradation at the leaf surface is suggested to be an important phenomenon. This study confirmed the applicability of GCxGC-TOFMS to analyze SVOCs from leaf washing solutions, further research should include validation of the methodology and comparison with atmospheric organic pollutants.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000449891300013	Publication Date	2018-09-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0045-6535; 1879-1298	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.208	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; The authors thank the Flemish Environment Agency (VMM) for their collaboration and air quality data; Sam Dekkers and Jonathan Van Waeyenbergh for their help with sample collection. The study was performed using a study set-up funded by the Special Research Fund of the University of Antwerp (KPBOF 2014, no. FFB 140090 'Tree leaf surface properties as dynamic drivers of particulate matter-leaf interaction and phyllosphere microbial communities'). A.C. acknowledges the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) for her SB PhD fellowship. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.208
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:153509			Serial	5692
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	Author	Akbulut, S.; Cevik, U.; Van, A.A.; De Wael, K.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Precision and accuracy of ST-EDXRF performance for As determination comparing with ICP-MS and evaluation of As deviation in the soil media			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Chemosphere	Abbreviated Journal	Chemosphere
	Volume	96	Issue		Pages	16-22
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The present study was conducted to (i) determine the precision and accuracy of arsenic measurement in soil samples using ST-EDXRF by comparison with the results of ICP-MS analyses and (ii) identify the relationship of As concentration with soil characteristics. For the analysis of samples, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) were performed. According to the results found in the soil samples, the addition of HCl to HNO3, used for the digestion gave significant variations in the recovery of As. However, spectral interferences between peaks for As and Pb can affect detection limits and accuracy for XRF analysis. When comparing the XRF and ICP-MS results a correlation was observed with R2 = 0.8414. This means that using a ST-EDXRF spectrometer, it is possible to achieve accurate and precise analysis by the calibration of certified reference materials and choosing an appropriate secondary target. On the other hand, with regard to soil characteristics analyses, the study highlighted that As is mostly anthropogenically enriched in the studied area.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000328182200002	Publication Date	2013-08-14
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0045-6535; 1879-1298	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.208	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.208; 2014 IF: 3.340
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:109437			Serial	5782
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	Author	Pilehvar, S.; Gielkens, K.; Trashin, S.A.; Dardenne, F.; Blust, R.; De Wael, K.
	Title	(Electro)sensing of phenicol antibiotics : a review			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Critical reviews in food science and nutrition	Abbreviated Journal	Crit Rev Food Sci
	Volume	56	Issue	14	Pages	2416-2429
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The presence of residues from frequent antibiotic use in animal feed can cause serious health risks by contaminating products for human consumption such as meat and milk. The present article gives an overview of the electrochemical methods developed for the detection of phenicol antibiotic residues (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, and florfenicol) in different kinds of foodstuffs. Electrochemical sensors based on different biomolecules and nanomaterials are described. The detection limit of various developed methods with their advantages and disadvantage will be highlighted.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000382757200015	Publication Date	2015-04-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1040-8398	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.077	Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors are highly thankful for the University of Antwerp Grants (DOCPRO/ IWS). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.077
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:125663			Serial	5585
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	Author	Tarakanova, E.N.; Tarakanov, P.A.; Simakov, A.O.; Furuyama, T.; Kobayashi, N.; Konev, D.V.; Goncharova, O.A.; Trashin, S.A.; De Wael, K.; Sulimenkov, I.V.; Filatov, V.V.; Kozlovskiy, V.I.; Tomilova, L.G.; Stuzhin, P.A.; Pushkarev, V.E.
	Title	Synthesis and characterization of heteroleptic rare earth double-decker complexes involving tetradiazepinoporphyrazine and phthalocyanine macrocycles			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Dalton Transactions	Abbreviated Journal	Dalton T
	Volume	50	Issue	18	Pages	6245-6255
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Reaction of (2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octabutylphthalocyaninato)lanthanide(iii) acetylacetonates ((Bu)PcLn(acac), 1a-c, Ln = Lu (a), Eu (b), La (c)) with a tetrakis(5,7-bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)-6H-1,4-diazepino)[2,3-b,g,l,q]porphyrazine ligand ((tBuPh)DzPzH(2), 2) produced sandwich compounds ((tBuPh)DzPz)Ln(Pc-Bu) (3a-c), which represent the first heteroleptic double-deckers incorporating both Pc and DzPz decks. A combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry, UV-Vis/NIR, MCD, and H-1 NMR spectroscopy, and square-wave voltammetry provided unambiguous characterization of target complexes 3 indicating that their spectral and electrochemical properties are generally intermediate with respect to their homoleptic relatives. Based on the data of solution-state H-1-H-1 NMR (COSY, NOESY) correlation spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations, a dimerization tendency of compounds 3 proportional to the Ln(iii) ion size was found. The spectroelectrochemical study of 3 and the corresponding homoleptic double-deckers revealed a pronounced tendency to aggregation of the one-electron oxidized forms of DzPz-containing double-decker complexes compared to homoleptic Pc(2)Ln compounds.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000641283000001	Publication Date	2021-04-01
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1477-9226; 1477-9234	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.029	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.029
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:178289			Serial	8636
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	Author	Eliaerts, J.; Meert, N.; Van Durme, F.; Samyn, N.; De Wael, K.; Dardenne, P.
	Title	Practical tool for sampling and fast analysis of large cocaine seizures			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Drug testing and analysis	Abbreviated Journal	Drug Test Anal
	Volume	10	Issue	6	Pages	1039-1042
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Large quantities of illicit drugs are frequently seized by law enforcement. In such cases, a representative number of samples needs to be quickly examined prior to destruction. No procedure has yet been set up which rapidly provides information regarding the homogeneity of the samples, the presence of controlled substances and the degree of purity. This study establishes a protocol for fast analysis of cocaine and its most common cutting agent, levamisole, in large seizures. The protocol is based on a hypergeometric sampling approach combined with FTIR spectrometry and Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithms as analysis methods. To demonstrate the practical use of this approach, five large cocaine seizures (consisting between 45 and 85 units) were analysed simultaneously with GC-MS, GC-FID and a portable FTIR spectrometer using Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) sampling combined with SVM models. According to the hypergeometric sampling plan of the Drugs Working Group ENFSI guidelines, the required number of subsamples ranged between 19 and 23. Considering the identification analyses, the SVM models detected cocaine and levamisole in all subsamples of cases 1 to 5 (100% correct classification), which was confirmed by GC-MS analysis. Considering the quantification analyses, the SVM models were able to estimate the cocaine and levamisole content in each subsample, compared to GC-FID data. The developed strategy is easy, cost effective and provides immediate information about both the presence and concentration of cocaine and levamisole. By using this new strategy, the number of confirmation analyses with laborious and expensive chromatographic techniques could be significantly reduced.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000435270300016	Publication Date	2018-02-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1942-7603; 1942-7611	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.469	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), Grant/Award Number: WE/49/N14-O14 ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.469
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:148760			Serial	5781
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	Author	Eliaerts, J.; Dardenne, P.; Meert, N.; Van Durme, F.; Samyn, N.; Janssens, K.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Rapid classification and quantification of cocaine in seized powders with ATR-FTIR and chemometrics			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Drug testing and analysis	Abbreviated Journal	Drug Test Anal
	Volume	9	Issue	10	Pages	1480-1489
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Traditionally, fast screening for the presence of cocaine in unknown powders is performed by means of colour tests. The major drawbacks of these tests are subjective colour evaluation depending on the operator (50 shades of blue) and a lack of selectivity. An alternative fast screening technique is Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectrometry. This technique provides spectra that are difficult to interpret without specialized expertise and showing a lack of sensitivity for the detection of cocaine in mixtures. To overcome these limitations, a portable FTIR spectrometer using Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) sampling was combined with a multivariate technique, called Support Vector Machines (SVM). Representative street drug powders (n = 482), seized during the period January 2013 to July 2015, and reference powders (n = 33) were used to build and validate a classification model (n = 515) and a quantification model (n = 378). Both models were compared with the conventional chromatographic techniques. The SVM classification model showed a high sensitivity, specificity and efficiency (99%). The SVM quantification model determined cocaine content with a root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) of 6% calculated over a wide working range from 4 to 99 w%. In conclusion, the developed models resulted in a clear output (cocaine detected or cocaine not detected) and a reliable estimation of the cocaine content in a wide variety of mixtures. The ATR-FTIR technique combined with SVM is a straightforward, user-friendly and fast approach for routine classification and quantification of cocaine in seized powders.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000413685200001	Publication Date	2016-12-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1942-7603; 1942-7611	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.469	Times cited	9	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.469
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:139483			Serial	5799
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	Author	Schram, J.; Parrilla, M.; Sleegers, N.; Van Durme, F.; van den Berg, J.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Electrochemical profiling and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry characterization of synthetic cathinones : from methodology to detection in forensic samples			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Drug Testing And Analysis	Abbreviated Journal	Drug Test Anal
	Volume	13	Issue	7	Pages	1282-1294
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Toxicological Centre
	Abstract	The emergence of new psychoactive drugs in the market demands rapid and accurate tools for the on‐site classification of illegal and legal compounds with similar structures. Herein, a novel method for the classification of synthetic cathinones (SC) is presented based on their electrochemical profile. First, the electrochemical profile of five common SC (i.e., mephedrone, ethcathinone, methylone, butylone and 4‐chloro‐alpha‐pyrrolidinovalerophenone) is collected to build calibration curves using square wave voltammetry on graphite screen‐printed electrodes (SPE). Second, the elucidation of the oxidation pathways, obtained by liquid chromatography‐high resolution mass spectrometry, allows the pairing of the oxidation products to the SC electrochemical profile, providing a selective and robust classification. Additionally, the effect of common adulterants and illicit drugs on the electrochemical profile of the SC is explored. Interestingly, a cathodic pretreatment of the SPE allows the selective detection of each SC in presence of electroactive adulterants. Finally, the electrochemical approach is validated with gas‐chromatography‐mass spectrometry by analyzing 26 confiscated samples from seizures and illegal webshops. Overall, the electrochemical method exhibits a successful classification of SC including structural derivatives, a crucial attribute in an ever‐diversifying drug market.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000624902500001	Publication Date	2021-02-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1942-7603; 1942-7611	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.469	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.469
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:175583			Serial	7863
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	Author	Alvarez-Martin, A.; Trashin, S.; Cuykx, M.; Covaci, A.; De Wael, K.; Janssens, K.
	Title	Photodegradation mechanisms and kinetics of Eosin-Y in oxic and anoxic conditions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Dyes and pigments	Abbreviated Journal	Dyes Pigments
	Volume	145	Issue		Pages	376-384
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Toxicological Centre
	Abstract	Lakes based on Eosin-Y are extensively used by 19th century artists. Unfortunately, the identification of these pigments in paintings is a difficult task because Eosin-Y degrades very fast under the influence of light. The characterization of the (photo)degradation products of Eosin-Y can be very useful for the identification of these pigments in historic works of art and related cultural heritage artifacts. Furthermore, knowledge on how different factors influence the discoloration process (e.g. different types of irradiation sources and presence/absence of oxygen) is a valuable tool for preventive conservation. To this aim we performed a study on the photodegradation of Eosin-Y in solution under different illumination and in both oxic and anoxic conditions. The photodegradation of Eosin-Y was monitored by UV-VIS spectrophotometry, LC-QTOFMS and electrochemistry techniques. Results indicated higher degradation rates, by a factor of 20 or higher, under illumination with wavelengths near to the main absorbance band of the red pigment. Two different degradation pathways are observed under the conditions studied. LC-QTOFMS and electrochemistry suggested that in the presence of oxygen the degradation mechanism is an oxidative process where the breakdown of the structure causes the total discoloration. Meanwhile under anoxic conditions, a debromination process takes place while the chromophore, and consequently the color of the molecule in solution, remains essentially intact.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000405972900046	Publication Date	2017-06-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0143-7208	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.473	Times cited	18	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.473
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:144385			Serial	5770
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	Author	Anaf, W.; Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Understanding the (in)stability of semiconductor pigments by a thermodynamic approach			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Dyes and pigments	Abbreviated Journal	Dyes Pigments
	Volume	113	Issue		Pages	409-415
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES)
	Abstract	Several artists pigments are semiconductors. Some of these materials appear stable over time, whereas others already show remarkable signs of degradation after limited time periods. The (in)stability of these pigments can be understood using a thermodynamic approach. For several pigment-related materials, the thermodynamic oxidation and reduction potential (ϕox and ϕred) were determined and evaluated considering the absolute energy positions of the valence and conduction band edges and the water redox potentials. The positions of ϕox and ϕred can be used in a fast screening of the stability of semiconductor pigments towards photoinduced corrosion in an aqueous/humid environment. This theoretical approach corresponds well with experimental data on pigment permanence and degradation phenomena found in literature.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000346543200052	Publication Date	2014-09-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0143-7208	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.473	Times cited	14	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge the funding from the Belspo S2-ART project (Belgian Federal Government) SD/RI/04A. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.473; 2015 IF: 3.966
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:118875			Serial	5885
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	Author	Beltran, V.; Marchetti, A.; De Meyer, S.; Nuyts, G.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Geranium lake pigments : the role of the synthesis on the structure and composition			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Dyes And Pigments	Abbreviated Journal	Dyes Pigments
	Volume	189	Issue		Pages	109260
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Eosin Y has an extraordinary capacity to form complexes with metallic elements, that have applications in many different fields, from photovoltaics and photocatalysis to historical artists? pigments. To unravel the complexes reactivity, it is essential to have a precise knowledge of their structure and composition, as well as how these can be affected by the synthesis protocol, an often underestimated factor. This manuscript presents a thorough investigation of the structure and composition of eosin Y complexes based on Al and Pb, by FTIR, XRPD and Raman spectroscopy, with a particular focus on the effect of the synthesis conditions. Results clearly show the change of the coordination mode in Pb complexes depending on the protocol, while the structure of Al complexes remains stable. In both cases, the formation of by-products was observed. Additionally, a detailed band assignment of the FTIR and Raman spectra of eosin Y and Pb and Al complexes is described, providing interesting details such as the interaction between the metallic ion and the xanthene moiety (chromophore). This is extremely important for the analysis of historical paintings where eosin Y is bonded to metallic ions, as well as for other materials in dye-sensitized solar cells, wastewater treatment or photocatalysis.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000634733200001	Publication Date	2021-03-03
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0143-7208	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.473	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.473
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:177676			Serial	8002
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	Author	Bottari, F.; Moro, G.; Sleegers, N.; Florea, A.; Cowen, T.; Piletsky, S.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Electropolymerized o-phenylenediamine on graphite promoting the electrochemical detection of nafcillin			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Electroanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Electroanal
	Volume	32	Issue	32	Pages	135-141
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Toxicological Centre
	Abstract	By combining molecular modelling and electrochemistry we envision the creation of modified electrodes tailored for a more sensitive and selective detection of a single analyte. In this study we report on a graphite screen printed electrode modified with electropolymerized o-phenylenediamine, selected by rational design, which promotes the detection of nafcillin (NAF), an antibiotic. Parameters such as monomer concentration, pH and number of electropolymerization cycles were optimized to obtain the highest current signal for the target upon amperometric detection. NAF identification was based on the redox process at +1.1 V (vs pseudo Ag), ascribed to the oxidation of the C-7 side chain. With the optimized modification protocol, a two-fold increase in nafcillin signal could be obtained: the calibration plot in 0.1 M Britton-Robinson buffer pH 4 showed a limit of detection of 80 nM with improved sensitivity and reproducibility (RSD<5 %) compared to the detection at non-modified electrodes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000482596300001	Publication Date	2019-08-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1040-0397	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.851	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; FB and GM devised the study and performed the experiments, FB wrote the original draft of the paper and analysed the data, NS and AvN performed the MS experiments, AF helped with the optimization of the protocol and correction of the first draft, TC and SP performed the rational monomer design, KdW supervised the work and corrected the final draft. All authors gave their suggestions and corrections to the final version of the paper. This work was financially supported by the University of Antwerp (BOF) and the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.851
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:162870			Serial	5601
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Rather, J.A.; Debnath, P.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Fullerene-\beta-cyclodextrin conjugate based electrochemical sensing device for ultrasensitive detection of p-nitrophenol			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Electroanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Electroanal
	Volume	25	Issue	9	Pages	2145-2150
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The article describes the use of a fullerene (C60)-β-cyclodextrin conjugate, synthesized via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, for the ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of p-nitrophenol. This conjugate was successfully immobilized on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode and the developed device showed high activity towards p-nitrophenol due to the synergetic effect of C60, the latter becoming highly conductive upon reduction. The determination of p-nitrophenol was performed by using square wave voltammetry over a concentration range from 2.8×10−9 mol L−1 to 4.2×10−7 mol L−1 and the detection limit was calculated to be 1.2×10−9 mol L−1.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000327590600017	Publication Date	2013-08-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1040-0397	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.851	Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes	; Jahangir Ahmad Rather is highly thankful for mobility grant provided by the Belspo co-funded by Marie Curie Actions. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.851; 2013 IF: 2.502
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:110033			Serial	5629
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	Author	Pilehvar, S.; Jambrec, D.; Gebala, M.; Schuhmann, W.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Intercalation of proflavine in ssDNA aptamers : effect on binding of the specific target chloramphenicol			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Electroanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Electroanal
	Volume	27	Issue	8	Pages	1836-1841
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	The structural modification of ssDNA-based aptamers upon specific binding of its target molecule leads to changes of the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) of a negatively-charged free-diffusing redox probe. The aptamer adopts a structure due to self-hybridization which is stabilized using profalvine as intercalator. The pre-organized aptamer structure is used to detect chloramphenicol (CAP) requiring a substantial change of the aptamer structure indicated by a CAP concentration dependent increase in the Rct values. Pre-incubation of the aptamer-modified electrode with an intercalator allows for the modulation of the aptamer/target interaction and hence for a modulation of the CAP-dependent variation of the Rct values.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000359737500006	Publication Date	2015-06-12
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1040-0397	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.851	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; D. J., M. G., W. S. are grateful for financial support to the Deutsch-Israelische Projektkooperation (DIP) in the framework of the project “Nanoengineered optoelectronics with biomaterials and bioinspired assemblies” funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. S. P. and K. D. W. are thankful to UA for DOCPRO financial support. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.851; 2015 IF: 2.138
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:126494			Serial	5666
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	Author	Pauwels, D.; Pilehvar, S.; Geboes, B.; Hubin, A.; De Wael, K.; Breugelmans, T.
	Title	A new multisine-based impedimetric aptasensing platform			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Electrochemistry communications	Abbreviated Journal	Electrochem Commun
	Volume	71	Issue		Pages	23-27
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	In this work an aptamer-based biosensor is combined with a multisine electrochemical impedance spectroscopy sensing methodology into a novel and promising biosensing strategy. Employing a multisine instead of a traditional single sine measuring method allows the detection and quantification of parameters that provide information about the accuracy and reliability of the results, such as noise and distortions. This does not only lead to a shorter measurement time, but it also enables an easy and fast evaluation of the quality of the data and fitting, leading to more accurate results.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000383445000006	Publication Date	2016-07-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1388-2481; 1873-1902	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.396	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.396
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:134765			Serial	5746
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	Author	Mendonça, C.D.; Rahemi, V.; Hereijgers, J.; Breugelmans, T.; Machado, S.A.S.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Integration of a photoelectrochemical cell in a flow system for quantification of 4-aminophenol with titanium dioxide			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Electrochemistry Communications	Abbreviated Journal	Electrochem Commun
	Volume	117	Issue		Pages	106767-5
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	The photoelectrochemical quantification of phenolic compounds such as hydroquinone (HQ) and 4-aminophenol (4-AP) is accomplished by integrating a photoelectrochemical cell into a flow injection analysis (FIA) setup. It is a well-known fact that during the electroanalysis of phenolic compounds, the electrode surface is susceptible to poisoning. However, electrode fouling can be reduced significantly by using the FIA system with periodic washing of the electrode. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are generated on the surface of TiO2 under UV light, can oxidize phenolic compounds such as 4-AP. The oxidized form of 4-AP is reduced back at the electrode surface, generating a measurable signal proportional to its concentration. The factors influencing the perfor-mance of the sensor, such as flow rate, applied potential for back reduction and pH, are investigated in detail. In the concentration range 0.0125-1.0 mu M, a linear correlation between the photocurrent and the concentration of 4-AP was observed with a sensitivity of 0.6 A M-1 cm(-2) and a limit of detection of 18 nM. A straightforward analytical methodology for the on-site, highly sensitive and low-cost quantification of phenolic compounds is presented, based on the use of TiO2 in a photoelectrochemical flow cell.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000552618700004	Publication Date	2020-06-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1388-2481; 1873-1902	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.4	Times cited	1	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors thank FAPESP funding for the fellowship to Camila D. Mendonca (Grant #2018/13724-0) and FWO funding (grant 12T4219N and 28761) for the postdoctoral fellowship to Dr. Vanoushe Rahemi and Dr. Jonas Hereijgers. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.4; 2020 IF: 4.396
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:169924			Serial	6547
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	Author	Lybaert, J.; Maes, B.U.W.; Tehrani, K.A.; De Wael, K.
	Title	The electrochemistry of tetrapropylammonium perruthenate, its role in the oxidation of primary alcohols and its potential for electrochemical recycling			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2015	Publication	Electrochimica acta	Abbreviated Journal	Electrochim Acta
	Volume	182	Issue		Pages	693-698
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Organic synthesis (ORSY)
	Abstract	The search for strategies aiming at more sustainable (oxidation) reactions has led to the application of electrochemistry for recycling the spent catalyst. In this work, an electrochemical study of the tetrapropylammonium perruthenate catalyst (TPAP) and its activity towards a primary alcohol, n-butanol, has been carried out as well as a control study with tert-butanol. The redox chemistry of TPAP and the transition between the perruthenate anion and ruthenium tetroxide in a non-aqueous solvent have been, for the first time, investigated in depth. The oxidation reaction of n-butanol in the presence of TPAP has been electrochemically elucidated by performing potentiostatic experiments and registration of the corresponding oxidation current. Furthermore, it was shown that, by applying a specific potential, the reoxidized TPAP is able to oxidize/convert the primary alcohol, paving the way for practical applications using TPAP in electrochemical synthesis. The conversion of n-butanol into n-butanal was proven by the use of GC-MS.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000365075800084	Publication Date	2015-09-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-4686	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.798	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.798; 2015 IF: 4.504
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:127676			Serial	5599
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	Author	Pauwels, D.; Ching, H.Y.V.; Samanipour, M.; Neukermans, S.; Hereijgers, J.; Van Doorslaer, S.; De Wael, K.; Breugelmans, T.
	Title	Identifying intermediates in the reductive intramolecular cyclisation of allyl 2-bromobenzyl ether by an improved electron paramagnetic resonance spectroelectrochemical electrode design combined with density functional theory calculations			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Electrochimica acta	Abbreviated Journal	Electrochim Acta
	Volume	271	Issue	271	Pages	10-18
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
	Abstract	The electrochemical activation of C-X bonds requires very negative electrode potentials. Lowering the overpotentials and increasing the catalytic activity requires intensive electrocatalytic research. A profound understanding of the reaction mechanism and the influence of the electrocatalyst allows optimal tuning of the electrocatalyst. This can be achieved by combining electrochemical techniques with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Although this was introduced in the mid-twentieth century, the application of this combined approach in electrocatalytic research is underexploited. Several reasons can be listed, such as the limited availability of EPR instrumentation and electrochemical devices for such in situ experiments. In this work, a simple and inexpensive construction adapted for in situ EPR electrocatalytic research is proposed. The proof of concept is provided by studying a model reaction, namely the reductive cyclisation of allyl 2-bromobenzyl ether which has interesting industrial applications.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000430369800002	Publication Date	2018-03-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-4686	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.798	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; The authors would like to thank Melissa Van Landeghem for her assistance with the experimental work and analysis of the data. Jonas Hereijgers greatly acknowledges the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) for support through a Post-Doctoral grant (12Q8817N). H.Y. Vincent Ching gratefully acknowledges the University of Antwerp for a Post-Doctoral grant. Sabine Van Doorslaer and Tom Breugelmans acknowledge the FWO for research funding (research grant G093317N). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.798
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:150463			Serial	5652
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	Author	Lybaert, J.; Tehrani, K.A.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Mediated electrolysis of vicinal diols by neocuproine palladium catalysts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Electrochimica acta	Abbreviated Journal	Electrochim Acta
	Volume	247	Issue		Pages	685-691
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Organic synthesis (ORSY)
	Abstract	Synthetic electrochemistry agrees well with the principles of sustainable chemistry, therefore it is considered as a more environmentally friendly approach than some current synthetic methods Here, we present a new strategy for the chemoselective oxidation of vicinal diols, viz. the integration of neocuproine palladium catalysts and electrosynthesis. Benzoquinones are used as an effective mediator as the reduced species (hydroquinones) can be easily reoxidized at relative low potentials at an electrode surface. NeocuproinePd(OAc)2 efficiently works as a catalyst in an electrolysis reaction for vicinal diols at room temperature. This is a remarkable observation given the fact that aerobic oxidation reactions of alcohols typically need a more complex catalyst, i.e. [neocuproinePdOAc]2[OTf]2. In this article we describe the optimization of the electrolysis conditions for the neocuproinePd(OAc)2 catalyst to selectively oxidize diols. The suggested approach leads to conversion of alcohols with high yields and provides an interesting alternative to perform oxidation reactions under mild conditions by the aid of electrochemistry.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000408582300072	Publication Date	2017-07-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-4686	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.798	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.798
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:144118			Serial	5706
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	Author	Gaetani, C.; Gheno, G.; Borroni, M.; De Wael, K.; Moretto, L.M.; Ugo, P.
	Title	Nanoelectrode ensemble immunosensing for the electrochemical identification of ovalbumin in works of art			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Electrochimica acta	Abbreviated Journal	Electrochim Acta
	Volume	312	Issue	312	Pages	72-79
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	This research is aimed to the study and application of an electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of ovalbumin (OVA) from egg white (or albumen) used as a binder in some works of art, such as some historical photographic prints and tempera paintings. The immunosensor takes advantage of the interesting biodetection capabilities offered by nanoelectrode ensembles (NEEs). The NEEs used to this aim are prepared by template deposition of gold nanoelectrodes within the pores of track-etched polycarbonate (PC) membranes. The affinity of polycarbonate for proteins is exploited to capture OVA from the aqueous extract obtained by incubation in phosphate buffer of a small sample fragment (<1 mg). The captured protein is reacted selectively with anti-OVA antibody, labelled with glucose oxidase (GOx). In the case of positive response, the addition of the GOx substrate (i.e. glucose) and a suitable redox mediator (a ferrocenyl derivative) reflects in the up rise of an electrocatalytic oxidation current, which depends on the OVA amount captured on the NEE, this amount correlating with OVA concentration in the extract. After optimization, the sensor is successfully applied to identify OVA in photographic prints dating back to the late 19th century, as well as in ancient tempera paintings from the 15th and 18th centuries.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000468595500008	Publication Date	2019-04-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-4686	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.798	Times cited	2	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.798
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:159573			Serial	5743
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	Author	Stefan, G.; Hosu, O.; De Wael, K.; Jesus Lobo-Castanon, M.; Cristea, C.
	Title	Aptamers in biomedicine : selection strategies and recent advances			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Electrochimica Acta	Abbreviated Journal	Electrochim Acta
	Volume	376	Issue		Pages	137994
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Aptamers have come in the spotlight as bio-mimetic molecular recognition elements in the field of biomedicine due to various applications in diagnostics, drug delivery, therapeutics, and pharmaceutical analysis. Aptamers are composed of nucleic acid strands (DNA or RNA) that can specifically interact in a three-dimensional tailored design with the target molecule. The basic method to generate aptamers is Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX). Recent technological advances in aptamer selection allow for faster and cheaper production of a new generation of high-affinity aptamers compared to the traditional SELEX, which can last up to several months. Rigorous characterization performed by multiple research groups endorsed several well-defined aptamer sequences. Binding affinity, nature of the biomolecular interactions and structural characterization are of paramount importance for aptamer screening and development of applications. However, remarkable challenges still need to be dealt with before the aptamers can make great contributions to the biomedical field. Poor specificity and sensitivity, questionable clinical use, low drug loading, in vivo stability and toxicity are only some of the identified challenges. This review accounts for the 30th celebration of the SELEX technology underlining the most important aptamers' achievements in the biomedical field within mostly the past five years. Aptamers' advantages over antibodies are discussed. Because of potential clinical translational utility, insights of remarkable developments in aptamer-based methods for diagnosis and monitoring of disease biomarkers and pharmaceuticals are discussed focusing on the recent studies (2015-2020). The current challenges and promising opportunities for aptamers for therapeutic and theragnostic purposes are also presented. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000634761900003	Publication Date	2021-02-22
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-4686	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.798	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.798
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:177677			Serial	7491
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	Author	Schram, J.; Thiruvottriyur Shanmugam, S.; Sleegers, N.; Florea, A.; Samyn, N.; van Nuijs, A.L.N.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Local conversion of redox inactive molecules into redox active ones : a formaldehyde based strategy for the electrochemical detection of illicit drugs containing primary and secondary amines			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Electrochimica Acta	Abbreviated Journal	Electrochim Acta
	Volume	367	Issue		Pages	137515
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Toxicological Centre
	Abstract	Electrochemical techniques have evidenced to be highly suitable for the development of portable, rapid and accurate screening methods for the detection of illicit drugs in seized samples. However, the redox inactivity of primary amines, one of the most common functional groups of illicit drugs, masks voltammetric detection in aqueous environment at carbon electrodes and, therefore, leads to false negative results if only these primary amines are present in the structures. This work explores the feasibility of a derivatisation approach that introduces formaldehyde in the measuring conditions in order to achieve methylation, via an Eschweiler-Clarke mechanism, of illicit drugs containing primary and secondary amines, using amphetamine (AMP) and methamphetamine (MET) as model molecules. As a result the electrochemical fingerprint is enriched and thereby the detectability enhanced. A combination of liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOFMS) and square-wave voltammetric (SWV) measurements is employed to identify reaction products and link them to the observed redox peaks. Although an alkaline environment (pH 12.0) proved to increase the reaction yield, a richer electrochemical fingerprint (EF) is obtained in neutral conditions (pH 7.0). Similarly, the addition of formate improved the reaction conversion but reduced the EF by eliminating a redox peak that is attributed to side products formed in the absence of formate. To illustrate the applicability, the derivatisation strategy is applied to several prominent illicit drugs containing primary and secondary amines to demonstrate its EF enriching capabilities. Finally, real street samples from forensic seizures are analysed. Overall, this strategy unlocks the detectability of the hitherto undetectable AMP and other drugs only containing primary amines, while strongly facilitating the identification of MET and analogues. These findings are not limited to illicit drugs, the insights can ultimately be applied to other target molecules containing similar functional groups. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000607620700010	Publication Date	2020-11-21
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-4686	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.798	Times cited		Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.798
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:176083			Serial	8177
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	Author	Mendonça, C.D.; Khan, S.U.; Rahemi, V.; Verbruggen, S.W.; Machado, S.A.S.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Surface plasmon resonance-induced visible light photocatalytic TiO₂ modified with AuNPs for the quantification of hydroquinone			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Electrochimica Acta	Abbreviated Journal	Electrochim Acta
	Volume	389	Issue		Pages	138734
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	The impregnation of size-controlled gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on an anatase TiO2 structure (AuNPs@TiO2) was studied for the photoelectrochemical detection of hydroquinone (HQ) under visible light illumination integrated into a flow injection analysis (FIA) setup. The crystalline form of TiO2 was preserved during synthesis and the homogeneous distribution of AuNPs over the TiO2 structure was confirmed. Its photoelectrocatalytic activity was improved due to the presence of AuNPs, preventing charge recombination in TiO2 and improving its light absorption ability by the surface plasmon resonance effect (SPR). The FIA system was used in order to significantly reduce the electrode fouling during electroanalysis through periodic washing steps of the electrode surface. During the amperometric detection process, reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated by visible light illumination of AuNPs@TiO2, participate in the oxidation process of HQ. The reduction of the oxidized form of HQ, i.e. benzoquinone (BQ) occurs by applying a negative potential and the measurable amperometric response will be proportional to the initial HQ concentration. The influencing parameters on the response of the amperometric photocurrent such as applied potential, flow rate and pH were investigated. The linear correlation between the amperometric response and the concentration of HQ was recorded (range 0.0125 – 1.0 µM) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 33.8 nM and sensitivity of 0.22 A M−1 cm−2. In this study, we illustrated for the first time that the impregnation of AuNPs in TiO2 allows the sensitive detection of phenolic substances under green laser illumination by using a photoelectrochemical flow system.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000687283100018	Publication Date	2021-06-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-4686	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.798	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 4.798
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:178908			Serial	8626
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Kardel, F.; Wuyts, K.; De Wael, K.; Samson, R.
	Title	Biomonitoring of atmospheric particulate pollution via chemical composition and magnetic properties of roadside tree leaves			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Environmental Science and Pollution Research	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Pollut R
	Volume	25	Issue	26	Pages	25994-26004
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Particulate matter (PM) is a main atmospheric pollution which threats human health and well-being. In this research, we chemically and magnetically analysed roadside tree leaves, collected from three tree species in two main roads (from two different cities) and a reference area, for 28 elements and the saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation. Comparison of unwashed and washed leaves revealed that deposited particles on the leaf surface contain various elements including Al, Ca, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Si, Ti, Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Rb, V, Zn and Zr. Moreover, there was no significant difference between washed/unwashed leaves in Cl, K, P, S, As, Cd, Cs, Pb, Sn and Sr concentrations, which indicates tree leaves may not be a suitable biomonitor for these elements. Our results showed that site and tree species are important factors which affect atmospheric elements deposition. Among the three considered tree species, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana showed the highest potential for atmospheric particle accumulation. The PCA results revealed that Al, Fe, Ti, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Rb, Si, V, Zn and Zr indicated emissions from road traffic activities and soil dust; Ca, Mg and Na from sea salts and Mn and Sb from industrial activity. The biplot results showed that the site effect was much stronger than the species effect for all elements and saturation isothermal remanent magnetisation (SIRM) values. Moreover, elements from traffic, industrial activity and soil dust are significantly correlated with leaf SIRM indicating that leaf SIRM can be a suitable bioindicator of exposure to traffic-derived particles and soil dust, and not from sea salts. It is concluded that chemical composition and SIRM of urban tree leaves can serve as a good indicator of atmospheric PM pollution in Iran and anywhere else where the studied trees grow.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000443329100034	Publication Date	2018-07-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0944-1344; 1614-7499	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.741	Times cited	6	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.741
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:153669			Serial	5489
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	Author	Anaf, W.; Horemans, B.; Madeira, T.I.; Carvalho, M.L.; De Wael, K.; Van Grieken, R.
	Title	Effects of a constructional intervention on airborne and deposited particulate matter in the Portuguese National Tile Museum, Lisbon			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Environmental Science and Pollution Research	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Pollut R
	Volume	20	Issue	3	Pages	1849-1857
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	In the 1970s, a large ambulatory of the National Tile Museum, Lisbon, was closed with glass panes on both ground and first floor. Although this design was meant to protect the museum collection from ambient air pollutants, small openings between the glass panes remain, creating a semi-enclosed corridor. The effects of the glass panes on the indoor air quality were evaluated in a comparative study by monitoring the airborne particle concentration and the extent of particle deposition at the enclosed corridor as well as inside the museum building. Comparison of the indoor/outdoor ratio of airborne particle concentration demonstrated a high natural ventilation rate in the enclosed corridor as well as inside the museum building. PM10 deposition velocities on vertical surfaces were estimated in the order of 3 × 10−4 m s−1 for both indoor locations. Also, the deposition rates of dark-coloured and black particles in specific were very similar at both indoor locations, causing visual degradation. The effectiveness of the glass panes in protecting the museum collection is discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000315442500061	Publication Date	2012-07-24
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0944-1344; 1614-7499	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.741	Times cited	15	Open Access
	Notes	; ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.741; 2013 IF: 2.757
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:100214			Serial	5583
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	Author	Castanheiro, A.; Wuyts, K.; Hofman, J.; Nuyts, G.; De Wael, K.; Samson, R.
	Title	Morphological and elemental characterization of leaf-deposited particulate matter from different source types : a microscopic investigation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Environmental Science And Pollution Research	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Pollut R
	Volume	28	Issue	20	Pages	25716-25732
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Particulate matter (PM) deposition on urban green enables the collection of particulate pollution from a diversity of contexts, and insight into the physico-chemical profiles of PM is key for identifying main polluting sources. This study reports on the morphological and elemental characterization of PM2-10 deposited on ivy leaves from five different environments (forest, rural, roadside, train, industry) in the region of Antwerp, Belgium. Ca. 40,000 leaf-deposited particles were thoroughly investigated by particle-based analysis using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and their physico-chemical characteristics were explored for PM source apportionment purposes. The size distribution of all deposited particles was biased towards small-sized PM, with 32% of the particles smaller than 2.5 mu m (PM2.5) and median diameters of 2.80-3.09 mu m. The source type influenced both the particles' size and morphology (aspect ratio and shape), with roadside particles being overall the smallest in size and the most spherical. While forest and rural elemental profiles were associated with natural PM, the industry particles revealed the highest anthropogenic metal input. PM2-10 profiles for roadside and train sites were rather comparable and only distinguishable when evaluating the fine (2-2.5 mu m) and coarse (2.5-10 mu m) PM fractions separately, which enabled the identification of a larger contribution of combustion-derived particles (small, circular, Fe-enriched) at the roadside compared to the train. Random forest prediction model classified the source type correctly for 61-85% of the leaf-deposited PM. The still modest classification accuracy denotes the influence of regional background PM and demands for additional fingerprinting techniques to facilitate source apportionment. Nonetheless, the obtained results demonstrate the utility of leaf particle-based analysis to fingerprint and pinpoint source-specific PM, particularly when considering both the composition and size of leaf-deposited particles.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000609067300006	Publication Date	2021-01-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0944-1344; 1614-7499	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.741	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 2.741
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:176082			Serial	8282
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	Author	Horemans, B.; Van Holsbeke, C.; Vos, W.; Darchuk, L.; Novakovic, V.; Fontan, A.C.; de Backer, J.; van Grieken, R.; de Backer, W.; De Wael, K.
	Title	Particle deposition in airways of chronic respiratory patients exposed to an urban aerosol			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Environmental science and technology	Abbreviated Journal	Environ Sci Technol
	Volume	46	Issue	21	Pages	12162-12169
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP)
	Abstract	Urban atmospheres in modern cities carry characteristic mixtures of particulate pollution which are potentially aggravating for chronic respiratory patients (CRP). Although air quality surveys can be detailed, the obtained information is not always useful to evaluate human health effects. This paper presents a novel approach to estimate particle deposition rates in airways of CRP, based on real air pollution data. By combining computational fluid dynamics with physical-chemical characteristics of particulate pollution, deposition rates are estimated for particles of different toxicological relevance, that is, minerals, iron oxides, sea salts, ammonium salts, and carbonaceous particles. Also, it enables some qualitative evaluation of the spatial, temporal, and patient specific effects on the particle dose upon exposure to the urban atmosphere. Results show how heavy traffic conditions increases the deposition of anthropogenic particles in the trachea and lungs of respiratory patients (here, +0.28 and +1.5 μg·h1, respectively). In addition, local and synoptic meteorological conditions were found to have a strong effect on the overall dose. However, the pathology and age of the patient was found to be more crucial, with highest deposition rates for toxic particles in adults with a mild anomaly, followed by mild asthmatic children and adults with severe respiratory dysfunctions (7, 5, and 3 μg·h1, respectively).
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Easton, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000310665000082	Publication Date	2012-10-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0013-936X;1520-5851;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.198	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	; We are grateful for the financial support of n.v. Vooruitzicht. Furthermore, co-workers at the environmental analysis research group are acknowledged for their help in the fieldwork. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.198; 2012 IF: 5.257
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:101411			Serial	2557
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	Author	Dragan, A.-M.; Truta, F.M.; Tertis, M.; Florea, A.; Schram, J.; Cernat, A.; Feier, B.; De Wael, K.; Cristea, C.; Oprean, R.
	Title	Electrochemical fingerprints of illicit drugs on graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Frontiers In Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Front Chem
	Volume	9	Issue		Pages	641147
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	Illicit drugs use and abuse remains an increasing challenge for worldwide authorities and, therefore, it is important to have accurate methods to detect them in seized samples, biological fluids and wastewaters. They are recently classified as the latest group of emerging pollutants as their consumption increased tremendously in recent years. Nanomaterials have gained much attention over the last decade in the development of sensors for a myriad of applications. The applicability of these nanomaterials, functionalized or not, significantly increases and it is therefore highly suitable for use in the detection of illicit drugs. We have assessed the suitability of various nanoplatforms, such as graphene (GPH), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) for the electrochemical detection of illicit drugs. GPH and MWCNTs were chosen as the most suitable platforms and cocaine, 3,4-methylendioxymethamfetamine (MDMA), 3-methylmethcathinone (MMC) and alpha-pyrrolidinovalerophenone (PVP) were tested. Due to the hydrophobicity of the nanomaterials-based platforms which led to low signals, two strategies were followed namely, pretreatment of the electrodes in sulfuric acid by cyclic voltammetry and addition of Tween 20 to the detection buffer. Both strategies led to an increase in the oxidation signal of illicit drugs. Binary mixtures of illicit drugs with common adulterants found in street samples were also investigated. The proposed strategies allowed the sensitive detection of illicit drugs in the presence of most adulterants. The suitability of the proposed sensors for the detection of illicit drugs in spiked wastewaters was finally assessed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000634708900001	Publication Date	2021-03-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2296-2646	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.994	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 3.994
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:177704			Serial	7861
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	Author	Truta, F.; Florea, A.; Cernat, A.; Tertis, M.; Hosu, O.; De Wael, K.; Cristea, C.
	Title	Tackling the problem of sensing commonly abused drugs through nanomaterials and (bio)recognition approaches			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2020	Publication	Frontiers In Chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Front Chem
	Volume	8	Issue		Pages	561638
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
	Abstract	We summarize herein the literature in the last decade, involving the use of nanomaterials and various (bio)recognition elements, such as antibodies, aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers, for the development of sensitive and selective (bio)sensors for illicit drugs with a focus on electrochemical transduction systems. The use and abuse of illicit drugs remains an increasing challenge for worldwide authorities and, therefore, it is important to have accurate methods to detect them in seized samples, biological fluids and wastewaters. They are recently classified as the latest group of “emerging pollutants,” as their consumption has increased tremendously in recent years. Nanomaterials, antibodies, aptamers and molecularly imprinted polymers have gained much attention over the last decade in the development of (bio)sensors for a myriad of applications. The applicability of these (nano)materials, functionalized or not, has significantly increased, and are therefore highly suitable for use in the detection of drugs. Lately, such functionalized nanoscale materials have assisted in the detection of illicit drugs fingerprints, providing large surface area, functional groups and unique properties that facilitate sensitive and selective sensing. The review discusses the types of commonly abused drugs and their toxicological implications, classification of functionalized nanomaterials (graphene, carbon nanotubes), their fabrication, and their application on real samples in different fields of forensic science. Biosensors for drugs of abuse from the last decade's literature are then exemplified. It also offers insights into the prospects and challenges of bringing the functionalized nanobased technology to the end user in the laboratories or in-field.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000589960100001	Publication Date	2020-11-04
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2296-2646	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	5.5	Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 5.5; 2020 IF: 3.994
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:174278			Serial	8639
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