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	Author	Pedrazo-Tardajos, A.; Arslan Irmak, E.; Kumar, V.; Sánchez-Iglesias, A.; Chen, Q.; Wirix, M.; Freitag, B.; Albrecht, W.; Van Aert, S.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Bals, S.
	Title	Thermal Activation of Gold Atom Diffusion in Au@Pt Nanorods			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Understanding the thermal stability of bimetallic nanoparticles is of vital importance to preserve their functionalities during their use in a variety of applications. In contrast to well-studied bimetallic systems such as Au@Ag, heat-induced morphological and compositional changes in Au@Pt nanoparticles are insufficiently understood, even though Au@Pt is an important material for catalysis. To investigate the thermal instability of Au@Pt nanorods at temperatures below their bulk melting point, we combined in situ heating with two- and three-dimensional electron microscopy techniques, including three-dimensional energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The experimental results were used as input for molecular dynamics simulations, to unravel the mechanisms behind the morphological transformation of Au@Pt core–shell nanorods. We conclude that thermal stability is influenced not only by the degree of coverage of Pt on Au but also by structural details of the Pt shell.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000819246800001	Publication Date	2022-06-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	17.1	Times cited	8	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	S.B., S.V.A., L.M.L.-M. and A.P.-T. acknowledge financial support from the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 Programme by grant nos. 731019 (EUSMI) and 823717 (ESTEEM3) and ERC Consolidator grant nos. 815128 (REALNANO) and 770887 (PICOMETRICS). L.M.L.-M. acknowledges funding from MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 through grants no. PID2020-117779RB-I00 and Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence no. MDM-2017-0720. The authors acknowledge the resources and services used for the simulations in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government.; esteem3reported; esteem3JRA			Approved	Most recent IF: 17.1
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:188540			Serial	7072
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	Author	Altantzis, T.; Yang, Z.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Pileni, M.-P.
	Title	Thermal Stability of CoAu₁₃Binary Nanoparticle Superlattices under the Electron Beam			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Mater
	Volume	28	Issue	28	Pages	716-719
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	One primary goal of self-assembly in nanoscale regime is to implement multifunctional binary nanoparticle superlattices into practical use. In the last decade, considerable effort has been put into the fabrication of binary nanoparticle superlattices with controllable structure and stoichiometry. However, limited effort has been made in order to improve the stability of these binary nanoparticle superlattices, which is a prerequisite for their potential application. In this work, we demonstrate that the carbon deposition from specimen contamination can play an auxiliary role during the heat treatment of binary nanoparticle superlattices. With the in-situ carbon matrix formation, the thermal stability of CoAu 13 binary nanoparticle superlattices is unambiguously enhanced.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000370112200007	Publication Date	2016-01-20
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0897-4756	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	9.466	Times cited	10	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The research leading to these results has been supported by an Advanced Grant of the European Research Council under Grant 267129. The authors appreciate financial support by theEuropean Union under the Framework 7 program under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (Reference No. 262348 ESMI). S.B. acknowledges funding from ERC Starting Grant COLOURATOMS (335078).; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.466
	Call Number	c:irua:131908			Serial	4040
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Albrecht, W.; Bladt, E.; Vanrompay, H.; Smith, J.D.; Skrabalak, S.E.; Bals, S.
	Title	*Thermal Stability of Gold/Palladium Octopods Studied in Situ* in 3D: Understanding Design Rules for Thermally Stable Metal Nanoparticles**			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	13	Issue	13	Pages	6522-6530
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Multifunctional metal nanoparticles (NPs) such as anisotropic multimetallic NPs are crucial for boosting nanomaterial based applications. Advanced synthetic protocols exist to make a large variety of such nanostructures. However, a major limiting factor for the usability of them in real life applications is their stability. Here, we show that Au/Pd octopods, 8-branched nanocrystals with Oh symmetry, with only a low amount of Pd exhibited a high thermal stability and maintained strong plasmon resonances up to 600 ◦C. Furthermore, we study the influence of the composition, morphology and environment on the thermal stability and define key parameters for the design of thermally stable multifunctional NPs.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000473248300038	Publication Date	2019-06-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	46	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	W. A. acknowledges an Individual Fellowship funded by the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) in Horizon 2020. H. V. acknowledges financial support by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO grant 1S32617N). E. B. acknowledges a post-doctoral grant from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium). J. D. S. and S.E.S acknowledge funding from the US National Science Foundation (award number: CHE-1602476). The authors acknowledge funding from the European Commission Grant (EUSMI E180600101 to S. B. and S. E. S.) and European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS). Realnano 815128; sygma			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:161356			Serial	5285
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	Author	Goris, B.; van Huis, M.A.; Bals, S.; Zandbergen, H.W.; Manna, L.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Thermally induced structural and morphological changes of CdSe/CdS octapods			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Small	Abbreviated Journal	Small
	Volume	8	Issue	6	Pages	937-942
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Branched nanostructures are of great interest because of their promising optical and electronic properties. For successful and reliable integration in applications such as photovoltaic devices, the thermal stability of the nanostructures is of major importance. Here the different domains (CdSe cores, CdS pods) of the heterogeneous octapods are shown to have different thermal stabilities, and heating is shown to induce specific shape changes. The octapods are heated from room temperature to 700 °C, and investigated using (analytical and tomographic) transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At low annealing temperatures, pure Cd segregates in droplets at the outside of the octapods, indicating non-stochiometric composition of the octapods. Furthermore, the tips of the pods lose their faceting and become rounded. Further heating to temperatures just below the sublimation temperature induces growth of the zinc blende core at the expense of the wurtzite pods. At higher temperatures, (500700 °C), sublimation of the octapods is observed in real time in the TEM. Three-dimensional tomographic reconstructions reveal that the four pods pointing into the vacuum have a lower thermal stability than the four pods that are in contact with the support.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000301718800021	Publication Date	2012-01-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1613-6810;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.643	Times cited	20	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Esteem 026019			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.643; 2012 IF: 7.823
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:95040			Serial	3633
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Mushtaq, A.; Pradhan, B.; Kushavah, D.; Zhang, Y.; Wolf, M.; Schrenker, N.; Fron, E.; Bals, S.; Hofkens, J.; Debroye, E.; Pal, S.K.
	Title	Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties and Saturation of Two-Photon Absorption in Lead-Free Double Perovskite Nanocrystals under Femtosecond Excitation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Acs Photonics	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Photonics
	Volume	8	Issue	11	Pages	3365-3374
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Lead halide perovskites have been widely explored in the field of photovoltaics, light-emitting diodes, and lasers due to their outstanding linear and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties. But, the presence of lead toxicity and low chemical stability remain serious concerns. Lead-free double perovskite with excellent optical properties and chemical stability could be an alternative. However, proper examination of the NLO properties of such a material is crucial to identify their utility for future nonlinear device applications. Herein, we have made use of femtosecond (fs) Z-scan technique to explore the NLO properties of Cs2AgIn0.9Bi0.1Cl6 nanocrystals (NCs). Our measurements suggest that under nonresonant fs excitation, perovskite NCs exhibit strong twophoton absorption (TPA). The observed saturation of TPA at high light intensities has been explained by a customized model. Furthermore, we have demonstrated a change in the nonlinear refractive index of the NCs under varying input intensities. The strong TPA absorption of lead-free double perovskite NCs could be used for Kerr nonlinearity-based nonlinear applications such as optical shutters for picosecond lasers.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000757024100028	Publication Date	2021-11-17
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2330-4022	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	6.756	Times cited	25	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	A.M. is thankful to IIT Mandi for his fellowship and Advanced Materials Research Centre for the experimental facilities. A.M. is also thankful to Torbjörn Pascher (Pascher Instrument) for writing the Z-scan data acquisition program. J.H. acknowledges financial support from the Research Foundation-Flanders (FWO, Grant No. G983.19N, G0A5817N, and G0H6316N) and the Flemish government through long-term structural funding Methusalem (CASAS2, Meth/15/04). B.P. acknowledges postdoctoral fellowship from the Research Foundation- Flanders (FWO Grant No. 1275521N). D.K. acknowledges the financial support from Science and Engineering Research Board (Grant No. PDF/2018/003146), India. N.J.S. acknowledges financial support from the Research Foundation- Flanders via a postdoctoral fellowship (FWO Grant No. 1238622N).			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.756
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:184249			Serial	6832
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	Author	Goris, B.; Meledina, M.; Turner, S.; Zhong, Z.; Batenburg, K.J.; Bals, S.
	Title	Three dimensional mapping of Fe dopants in ceria nanocrystals using direct spectroscopic electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
	Volume	171	Issue	171	Pages	55-62
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Electron tomography is a powerful technique for the 3D characterization of the morphology of nanostructures. Nevertheless, resolving the chemical composition of complex nanostructures in 3D remains challenging and the number of studies in which electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is combined with tomography is limited. During the last decade, dedicated reconstruction algorithms have been developed for HAADF-STEM tomography using prior knowledge about the investigated sample. Here, we will use the prior knowledge that the experimental spectrum of each reconstructed voxel is a linear combination of a well-known set of references spectra in a so-called direct spectroscopic tomography technique. Based on a simulation experiment, it is shown that this technique provides superior results in comparison to conventional reconstruction methods for spectroscopic data, especially for spectrum images containing a relatively low signal to noise ratio. Next, this technique is used to investigate the spatial distribution of Fe dopants in Fe:Ceria nanoparticles in 3D. It is shown that the presence of the Fe2+ dopants is correlated with a reduction of the Ce atoms from Ce4+ towards Ce3+. In addition, it is demonstrated that most of the Fe dopants are located near the voids inside the nanoparticle.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000389106200007	Publication Date	2016-09-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	13	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The work was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen) by project funding (G038116N, 3G004613) and by a post-doctoral research grants to B.G. S.B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (Starting Grant no. COLOURATOMS 335078). K.J.B. acknowledges funding from The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) (program 639.072.005.). We would like to thank Dr. Hilde Poelman, Dr. Vladimir Galvita and Prof. Dr. Guy B. Marin for the synthesis of the investigated sample.; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
	Call Number	c:irua:135185 c:irua:135185			Serial	4123
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	Author	Ke, X.; Bals, S.; Cott, D.; Hantschel, T.; Bender, H.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Three-dimensional analysis of carbon nanotube networks in interconnects by electron tomography without missing wedge artifacts			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	16	Issue	2	Pages	210-217
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The three-dimensional (3D) distribution of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown inside semiconductor contact holes is studied by electron tomography. The use of a specialized tomography holder results in an angular tilt range of ±90°, which means that the so-called missing wedge is absent. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample for this purpose consists of a micropillar that is prepared by a dedicated procedure using the focused ion beam (FIB) but keeping the CNTs intact. The 3D results are combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to study the relation between the CNTs and the catalyst particles used during their growth. The reconstruction, based on the full range of tilt angles, is compared with a reconstruction where a missing wedge is present. This clearly illustates that the missing wedge will lead to an unreliable interpretation and will limit quantitative studies
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000276137200011	Publication Date	2010-02-26
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited	42	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo; Iap-Vi			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2010 IF: 3.259
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82279			Serial	3642
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	Author	Bals, S.; Casavola, M.; van Huis, M.A.; Van Aert, S.; Batenburg, K.J.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.
	Title	Three-dimensional atomic imaging of colloidal core-shell nanocrystals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2011	Publication	Nano letters	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett
	Volume	11	Issue	8	Pages	3420-3424
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Colloidal coreshell semiconductor nanocrystals form an important class of optoelectronic materials, in which the exciton wave functions can be tailored by the atomic configuration of the core, the interfacial layers, and the shell. Here, we provide a trustful 3D characterization at the atomic scale of a free-standing PbSe(core)CdSe(shell) nanocrystal by combining electron microscopy and discrete tomography. Our results yield unique insights for understanding the process of cation exchange, which is widely employed in the synthesis of coreshell nanocrystals. The study that we present is generally applicable to the broad range of colloidal heteronanocrystals that currently emerge as a new class of materials with technological importance.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington	Editor
	Language		Wos	000293665600062	Publication Date	2011-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1530-6984;1530-6992;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.712	Times cited	121	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.712; 2011 IF: 13.198
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:91263			Serial	3643
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	Author	De Backer, A.; Jones, L.; Lobato, I.; Altantzis, T.; Goris, B.; Nellist, P.D.; Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.
	Title	Three-dimensional atomic models from a single projection using Z-contrast imaging: verification by electron tomography and opportunities			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	9	Issue	9	Pages	8791-8798
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	In order to fully exploit structure–property relations of nanomaterials, three-dimensional (3D) characterization at the atomic scale is often required. In recent years, the resolution of electron tomography has reached the atomic scale. However, such tomography typically requires several projection images demanding substantial electron dose. A newly developed alternative circumvents this by counting the number of atoms across a single projection. These atom counts can be used to create an initial atomic model with which an energy minimization can be applied to obtain a relaxed 3D reconstruction of the nanoparticle. Here, we compare, at the atomic scale, this single projection reconstruction approach with tomography and find an excellent agreement. This new approach allows for the characterization of beam-sensitive materials or where the acquisition of a tilt series is impossible. As an example, the utility is illustrated by the 3D atomic scale characterization of a nanodumbbell on an in situ heating holder of limited tilt range.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000404614700031	Publication Date	2017-06-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	33	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through project fundings (G.0374.13N, G.0369.15N, G.0368.15N, and WO.010.16N) and postdoctoral grants to T. Altantzis, A. De Backer, and B. Goris. S. Bals acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (Starting Grant No. COLOURATOM 335078). Funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 312483 – ESTEEM2 (Integrated Infrastructure Initiatieve-I3) is acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank Luis Liz-Marzán, Marek Grzelczak, and Ana Sánchez-Iglesias for sample provision. (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot); saraecas; ECAS_Sara;			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:144436UA @ admin @ c:irua:144436			Serial	4617
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	Author	Liu, P.; Arslan Irmak, E.; De Backer, A.; De wael, A.; Lobato, I.; Béché, A.; Van Aert, S.; Bals, S.
	Title	Three-dimensional atomic structure of supported Au nanoparticles at high temperature			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Nanoscale	Abbreviated Journal	Nanoscale
	Volume	13	Issue		Pages
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Au nanoparticles (NPs) deposited on CeO2 are extensively used as thermal catalysts since the morphology of the NPs is expected to be stable at elevated temperatures. Although it is well known that the activity of Au NPs depends on their size and surface structure, their three-dimensional (3D) structure at the atomic scale has not been completely characterized as a function of temperature. In this paper, we overcome the limitations of conventional electron tomography by combining atom counting applied to aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy images and molecular dynamics relaxation. In this manner, we are able to perform an atomic resolution 3D investigation of supported Au NPs. Our results enable us to characterize the 3D equilibrium structure of single NPs as a function of temperature. Moreover, the dynamic 3D structural evolution of the NPs at high temperatures, including surface layer jumping and crystalline transformations, has been studied.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000612999200029	Publication Date	2020-12-29
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2040-3364	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	7.367	Times cited	13	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work was supported by the European Research Council (Grant 815128 REALNANO to SB, Grant 770887 PICOMETRICS to SVA, Grant 823717 ESTEEM3). The authors acknowledge financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through grants to A. D. w. and A. D. B. and project funding G.0267.18N.; sygma; esteem3JRA; esteem3reported			Approved	Most recent IF: 7.367
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:174858			Serial	6665
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	Author	Leroux, F.; Gysemans, M.; Bals, S.; Batenburg, K.J.; Snauwaert, J.; Verbiest, T.; van Haesendonck, C.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Three-dimensional characterization of helical silver nanochains mediated by protein assemblies			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2010	Publication	Advanced materials	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Mater
	Volume	22	Issue	19	Pages	2193-2197
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab
	Abstract	Characterization methods for the structural investigation of biotemplates for nanodevices remain widely unexplored, despite the fact that biotemplating methods for nanodevice fabrication are becoming more widespread. In this study several techniques are used to characterize the morphology and 3D distribution of silver nanoparticles deposited on insulin fibrils.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000278601400016	Publication Date	2010-03-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0935-9648;1521-4095;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	19.791	Times cited	51	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 19.791; 2010 IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:83296			Serial	3645
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	Author	Bals, S.; Goris, B.; Liz-Marzan, L.M.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Three-dimensional characterization of noble-metal nanoparticles and their assemblies by electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English	Abbreviated Journal	Angew Chem Int Edit
	Volume	53	Issue	40	Pages	10600-10610
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	New developments in the field of nanomaterials drive the need for quantitative characterization techniques that yield information down to the atomic scale. In this Review, we focus on the three-dimensional investigations of metal nanoparticles and their assemblies by electron tomography. This technique has become a versatile tool to understand the connection between the properties and structure or composition of nanomaterials. The different steps of an electron tomography experiment are discussed and we show how quantitative three-dimensional information can be obtained even at the atomic scale.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Weinheim	Editor
	Language		Wos	000342761500006	Publication Date	2014-08-11
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1433-7851;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	11.994	Times cited	58	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	267867 Plasmaquo; 246791 Countatoms; 335078 Colouratom; 262348 Esmi; Fwo; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 11.994; 2014 IF: 11.261
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:121093			Serial	3646
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	Author	Goris, B.; de Backer, A.; Van Aert, S.; Gómez-Graña, S.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bals, S.
	Title	Three-dimensional elemental mapping at the atomic scale in bimetallic nanocrystals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2013	Publication	Nano letters	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett
	Volume	13	Issue	9	Pages	4236-4241
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	A thorough understanding of the three-dimensional (3D) atomic structure and composition of coreshell nanostructures is indispensable to obtain a deeper insight on their physical behavior. Such 3D information can be reconstructed from two-dimensional (2D) projection images using electron tomography. Recently, different electron tomography techniques have enabled the 3D characterization of a variety of nanostructures down to the atomic level. However, these methods have all focused on the investigation of nanomaterials containing only one type of chemical element. Here, we combine statistical parameter estimation theory with compressive sensing based tomography to determine the positions and atom type of each atom in heteronanostructures. The approach is applied here to investigate the interface in coreshell Au@Ag nanorods but it is of great interest in the investigation of a broad range of nanostructures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington	Editor
	Language		Wos	000330158900043	Publication Date	2013-08-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1530-6984;1530-6992;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.712	Times cited	90	Open Access
	Notes	FWO; 246791 COUNTATOMS; 267867 PLASMAQUO; 262348 ESMI; 312483 ESTEEM2; Hercules 3; esteem2_jra4			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.712; 2013 IF: 12.940
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:110036			Serial	3650
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	Author	Albrecht, W.; Van Aert, S.; Bals, S.
	Title	Three-Dimensional Nanoparticle Transformations Captured by an Electron Microscope			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2021	Publication	Accounts Of Chemical Research	Abbreviated Journal	Accounts Chem Res
	Volume	54	Issue	5	Pages	1189-1199
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000626269900011	Publication Date	2021-03-02
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0001-4842	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	20.268	Times cited	12	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors acknowledge funding from the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (ERC Consolidator Grants No. 815128–REALNANO and No. 770887–PICOMETRICS), the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, G.0267.18N), and the European Commission (EUSMI). The authors furthermore acknowledge funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, ESTEEM3. The authors also acknowledge contributions from all co-workers that have contributed over the years: Thomas Altantzis, Annick De Backer, Joost Batenburg and co-workers, Armand Béché, Eva Bladt, Lewys Jones and co-workers, Luis Liz-Marzán and co-workers, Ivan Lobato, Thais Milagres de Oliveira, Peter Nellist and co-workers, Hugo Pérez Garza and co-workers, Alexander Skorikov, Sara Skrabalak and co-workers, Sandra Van Aert, Alfons van Blaaderen and co-workers, Hans Vanrompay, Staf Van Tendeloo, and Johan Verbeeck.; sygmaSB;			Approved	Most recent IF: 20.268
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:177644			Serial	6752
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Altantzis, T.; Lobato, I.; De Backer, A.; Béché, A.; Zhang, Y.; Basak, S.; Porcu, M.; Xu, Q.; Sánchez-Iglesias, A.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Van Aert, S.; Bals, S.
	Title	Three-Dimensional Quantification of the Facet Evolution of Pt Nanoparticles in a Variable Gaseous Environment			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2019	Publication	Nano letters	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett
	Volume	19	Issue	19	Pages	477-481
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Pt nanoparticles play an essential role in a wide variety of catalytic reactions. The activity of the particles strongly depends on their three-dimensional (3D) structure and exposed facets, as well as on the reactive environment. High-resolution electron microscopy has often been used to characterize nanoparticle catalysts but unfortunately most observations so far have been either performed in vacuum and/or using conventional (2D) in situ microscopy. The latter however does not provide direct 3D morphological information. We have implemented a quantitative methodology to measure variations of the 3D atomic structure of nanoparticles under the flow of a selected gas. We were thereby able to quantify refaceting of Pt nanoparticles with atomic resolution during various oxidation−reduction cycles. In a H2 environment, a more faceted surface morphology of the particles was observed with {100} and {111} planes being dominant. On the other hand, in O2 the percentage of {100} and {111} facets decreased and a significant increase of higher order facets was found, resulting in a more rounded morphology. This methodology opens up new opportunities toward in situ characterization of catalytic nanoparticles because for the first time it enables one to directly measure 3D morphology variations at the atomic scale in a specific gaseous reaction environment.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000455561300061	Publication Date	2019-01-09
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1530-6984	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	12.712	Times cited	82	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work was supported by the European Research Council (Grant 335078 COLOURATOM to S.B. and Grant 770887 PICOMETRICS to S.V.A.). The authors acknowledge funding from the European Commission Grant (EUSMI 731019 to S.B., L.M.L.-M., and Q.X. and MUMMERING 765604 to S.B. and Q.X.). The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through project fundings (G.0368.15N, G.0369.15N, and G.0267.18N), postdoctoral grants to T.A. and A.D.B, and an FWO [PEGASUS]2 Marie Sklodowska-Curie fellowship to Y.Z. (12U4917N). L.M.L.-M. acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Grant MAT2017-86659-R). We gratefully acknowledge the support of NVIDIA Corporation with the donation of the Titan X Pascal GPU used for this research. ecas_sara Realnano 815128; sygma			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.712
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @UA @ admin @ c:irua:156390			Serial	5150
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Goris, B.; Turner, S.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Three-dimensional valency mapping in ceria nanocrystals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	8	Issue	10	Pages	10878-10884
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Using electron tomography combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), we are able to map the valency of the Ce ions in CeO2-x nanocrystals in three dimensions. Our results show a clear facet-dependent reduction shell at the surface of ceria nanoparticles; {111} surface facets show a low surface reduction, whereas at {001} surface facets, the cerium ions are more likely to be reduced over a larger surface shell. Our generic tomographic technique allows a full 3D data cube to be reconstructed, containing an EELS spectrum in each voxel. This possibility enables a three-dimensional investigation of a plethora of material-specific physical properties such as valency, chemical composition, oxygen coordination, or bond lengths, triggering the synthesis of nanomaterials with improved properties.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000343952600126	Publication Date	2014-10-06
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851;1936-086X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	13.942	Times cited	85	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	335078 Colouratom; 246791 Countatoms; Fwo; 312483 Esteem2; esteem2jra4; ECASSara; (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.942; 2014 IF: 12.881
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:121219			Serial	3656
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ben Dkhil, S.; Pfannmöller, M.; Ata, I.; Duche, D.; Gaceur, M.; Koganezawa, T.; Yoshimoto, N.; Simon, J.-J.; Escoubas, L.; Videlot-Ackermann, C.; Margeat, O.; Bals, S.; Bauerle, P.; Ackermann, J.
	Title	Time evolution studies of dithieno[3,2-b:2 ',3 '-d] pyrrole-based A-D-A oligothiophene bulk heterojunctions during solvent vapor annealing towards optimization of photocurrent generation			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Journal of materials chemistry A : materials for energy and sustainability	Abbreviated Journal	J Mater Chem A
	Volume	5	Issue	5	Pages	1005-1013
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Solvent vapor annealing (SVA) is one of the main techniques to improve the morphology of bulk heterojunction solar cells using oligomeric donors. In this report, we study time evolution of nanoscale morphological changes in bulk heterojunctions based on a well-studied dithienopyrrole-based A-D-A oligothiophene (dithieno[3,2-b: 2',3'-d] pyrrole named here 1) blended with [6,6]-phenyl-C-71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) to increase photocurrent density by combining scanning transmission electron microscopy and low-energy-loss spectroscopy. Our results show that SVA transforms the morphology of 1 : PC71BM blends by a three-stage mechanism: highly intermixed phases evolve into nanostructured bilayers that correspond to an optimal blend morphology. Additional SVA leads to completely phaseseparated micrometer-sized domains. Optical spacers were used to increase light absorption inside optimized 1 : PC71BM blends leading to solar cells of 7.74% efficiency but a moderate photocurrent density of 12.3 mA cm (-2). Quantum efficiency analyses reveal that photocurrent density is mainly limited by losses inside the donor phase. Indeed, optimized 1 : PC71BM blends consist of large donor-enriched domains not optimal for exciton to photocurrent conversion. Shorter SVA times lead to smaller domains; however they are embedded in large mixed phases suggesting that introduction of stronger molecular packing may help us to better balance phase separation and domain size enabling more efficient bulk heterojunction solar cells.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge	Editor
	Language		Wos	000394430800018	Publication Date	2016-11-30
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2050-7488; 2050-7496	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.867	Times cited	19	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; We acknowledge financial support by the French Fond Unique Interministeriel (FUI) under the project “SFUMATO” (Grant number: F1110019V/201308815) as well as by the European Commission under the Project “SUNFLOWER” (FP7-ICT-2011-7, Grant number: 287594). The synchrotron radiation experiments were performed at BL19B2 in SPring-8 with the approval of Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (Proposal No. 2016A1568). We further acknowledge financial support via ERC Starting Grant Colouratoms (335078). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.867
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:142602UA @ admin @ c:irua:142602			Serial	4695
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Liao, T.-W.; Verbruggen, S.; Claes, N.; Yadav, A.; Grandjean, D.; Bals, S.; Lievens, P.
	Title	TiO2 Films Modified with Au Nanoclusters as Self-Cleaning Surfaces under Visible Light			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2018	Publication	Nanomaterials	Abbreviated Journal	Nanomaterials-Basel
	Volume	8	Issue	8	Pages	30
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
	Abstract	In this study, we applied cluster beam deposition (CBD) as a new approach for fabricating efficient plasmon-based photocatalytic materials. Au nanoclusters (AuNCs) produced in the gas phase were deposited on TiO2 P25-coated silicon wafers with coverage ranging from 2 to 8 atomic monolayer (ML) equivalents. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images of the AuNCs modified TiO2 P25 films show that the surface is uniformly covered by the AuNCs that remain isolated at low coverage (2 ML, 4 ML) and aggregate at higher coverage (8 ML). A clear relationship between AuNCs coverage and photocatalytic activity towards stearic acid photo-oxidation was measured, both under ultraviolet and green light illumination. TiO2 P25 covered with 4 ML AuNCs showed the best stearic acid photo-oxidation performance under green light illumination (Formal Quantum Efficiency 1.6 x 10-6 over a period of 93 h). These results demonstrate the large potential of gas-phase AuNCs beam deposition technology for the fabrication of visible light active plasmonic photocatalysts.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000424131600030	Publication Date	2018-01-08
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2079-4991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.553	Times cited	29	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n 607417 (Catsense). We also thank the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO, Belgium), the Flemish Concerted Action (BOF KU Leuven, Project No. GOA/14/007) research program, and the microscope was partly funded by the Hercules Fund from the Flemish Government for the support. N.C. and S.B. acknowledge financial support from European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOM). ECAS_Sara (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:can);			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.553
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:147898UA @ admin @ c:irua:147898			Serial	4805
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	Author	Bals, S.; Kisielowski, C.; Croitoru, M.; Van Tendeloo, G.
	Title	Tomography using annular dark field imaging in TEM			Type	A3 Journal article
	Year	2005	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	11	Issue	S	Pages	2118-2119
	Keywords	A3 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	0000-00-00
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor		Times cited		Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54880			Serial	3672
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Ben Dkhil, S.; Pfannmöller, M.; Saba, M.I.; Gaceur, M.; Heidari, H.; Videlot-Ackermann, C.; Margeat, O.; Guerrero, A.; Bisquert, J.; Garcia-Belmonte, G.; Mattoni, A.; Bals, S.; Ackermann, J.
	Title	Toward high-temperature stability of PTB7-based bulk heterojunction solar cells : impact of fullerene size and solvent additive			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Laser physics review	Abbreviated Journal	Adv Energy Mater
	Volume	7	Issue	7	Pages	1601486
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The use of fullerene as acceptor limits the thermal stability of organic solar cells at high temperatures as their diffusion inside the donor leads to phase separation via Ostwald ripening. Here it is reported that fullerene diffusion is fully suppressed at temperatures up to 140 degrees C in bulk heterojunctions based on the benzodithiophene-based polymer (the poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b: 4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl) carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]], (PTB7) in combination with the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM). The blend stability is found independently of the presence of diiodooctane (DIO) used to optimize nanostructuration and in contrast to PTB7 blends using the smaller fullerene derivative PC70BM. The unprecedented thermal stability of PTB7: PC70BM layers is addressed to local minima in the mixing enthalpy of the blend forming stable phases that inhibit fullerene diffusion. Importantly, although the nanoscale morphology of DIO processed blends is thermally stable, corresponding devices show strong performance losses under thermal stress. Only by the use of a high temperature annealing step removing residual DIO from the device, remarkably stable high efficiency solar cells with performance losses less than 10% after a continuous annealing at 140 degrees C over 3 days are obtained. These results pave the way toward high temperature stable polymer solar cells using fullerene acceptors.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Place of publication unknown	Editor
	Language		Wos	000396328500009	Publication Date	2016-11-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1614-6832;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	16.721	Times cited	27	Open Access	Not_Open_Access
	Notes	; The authors acknowledge financial support by the French Fond Unique Interministeriel (FUI) under the project “SFUMATO” (grant number: F1110019V/ 201308815) as well as by the European Commission under the Project “SUNFLOWER” (FP7-ICT-2011-7, grant number: 287594). Generalitat Valenciana (ISIC/2012/008 Institute of Nanotechnologies for Clean Energies) is also acknowledged for providing financial support. The authors further acknowledge financial support via ERC Starting Grant Colouratoms (335078). ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 16.721
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:141991UA @ admin @ c:irua:141991			Serial	4697
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Goris, B.; Freitag, B.; Zanaga, D.; Bladt, E.; Altantzis, T.; Ringnalda, J.; Bals, S.
	Title	Towards quantitative EDX results in 3 dimensions			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2014	Publication	Microscopy and microanalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Microsc Microanal
	Volume	20	Issue	S:3	Pages	766-767
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Cambridge, Mass.	Editor
	Language		Wos		Publication Date	2014-08-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1431-9276;1435-8115;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record
	Impact Factor	1.891	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	335078 Colouratom; Fwo; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.891; 2014 IF: 1.877
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:125381			Serial	3687
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Gottschalck Andersen, L.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Poulsen, H.F.; Liu, Y.L.
	Title	Transmission electron microscopy investigation of Bi-2223/Ag tapes			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2001	Publication	Physica: C : superconductivity	Abbreviated Journal	Physica C
	Volume	353	Issue	3/4	Pages	251-257
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The microstructure of (Bi,Pb)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Ox (Bi-2223) tapes has been investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM. The emphasis has been placed on: (1) an examination of the grain morphology and size, (2) grain and colony boundary angles, which are formed during the tape processing, (3) a study of the grain boundaries on an atomic scale, including intergrowth investigations. Tapes with different process parameters have been compared with respect to the microstructure. A fully processed tape has on the average 50% thicker Bi-2223 grains than a tape after the first annealing. The angles of c-axis tilt grain boundaries are on average 14° and 26° for the fully processed tape and the tape after the first annealing, respectively. The intergrowth content (15%) and distribution are similar in these two tapes.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000168861100012	Publication Date	2002-07-25
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0921-4534;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	1.404	Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes				Approved	Most recent IF: 1.404; 2001 IF: 0.806
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87591			Serial	3708
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Rijnders, G.; Huijben, M.; Leca, V.; Blank, D.H.A.
	Title	Transmission electron microscopy on interface engineered superconducting thin films			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2003	Publication	IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity	Abbreviated Journal	Ieee T Appl Supercon
	Volume	13	Issue	2:3	Pages	2834-2837
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Transmission electron microscopy is used to evaluate different deposition techniques, which optimize the microstructure and physical properties of superconducting thin films. High-resolution electron microscopy proves that the use of an YBa2Cu2Ox buffer layer can avoid a variable interface configuration in YBa2Cu3O7-delta thin films grown on SrTiO3. The growth can also be controlled at an atomic level by, using sub-unit cell layer epitaxy, which results in films with high quality and few structural defects. Epitaxial strain in Sr0.85La0.15CuO2 infinite layer thin films influences the critical temperature of these films, as well as the microstructure. Compressive stress is released by a modulated or a twinned microstructure, which eliminates superconductivity. On the other hand, also tensile strain seems to lower the critical temperature of the infinite layer.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	New York, N.Y.	Editor
	Language		Wos	000184242400101	Publication Date	2003-07-16
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1051-8223;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor		Times cited	13	Open Access
	Notes	Iuap V-1; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:103292			Serial	3712
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Werner, R.; Raisch, C.; Leca, V.; Ion, V.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Chasse, T.; Kleiner, R.; Koelle, D.
	Title	Transport, magnetic, and structural properties of La_0.7Ce_0.3MnO₃ thin films: evidence for hole-doping			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2009	Publication	Physical review : B : solid state	Abbreviated Journal	Phys Rev B
	Volume	79	Issue	5	Pages	054416,1-054416,8
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Cerium-doped manganite thin films were grown epitaxially by pulsed laser deposition at 720 °C and oxygen pressure pO2=125 Pa and were subjected to different annealing steps. According to x-ray diffraction (XRD) data, the formation of CeO2 as a secondary phase could be avoided for pO28 Pa. However, transmission electron microscopy shows the presence of CeO2 nanoclusters even in those films which appear to be single phase in XRD. With O2 annealing, the metal-to-insulator transition temperature increases, while the saturation magnetization decreases and stays well below the theoretical value for electron-doped La0.7Ce0.3MnO3 with mixed Mn3+/Mn2+ valences. The same trend is observed with decreasing film thickness from 100 to 20 nm, indicating a higher oxygen content for thinner films. Hall measurements on a film which shows a metal-to-insulator transition clearly reveal holes as dominating charge carriers. Combining data from x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, for determination of the oxygen content, and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), for determination of the hole concentration and cation valences, we find that with increasing oxygen content the hole concentration increases and Mn valences are shifted from 2+ to 4+. The dominating Mn valences in the films are Mn3+ and Mn4+, and only a small amount of Mn2+ ions can be observed by XAS. Mn2+ and Ce4+ XAS signals obtained in surface-sensitive total electron yield mode are strongly reduced in the bulk-sensitive fluorescence mode, which indicates hole-doping in the bulk for those films which do show a metal-to-insulator transition.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Lancaster, Pa	Editor
	Language		Wos	000263815400057	Publication Date	2009-02-13
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1098-0121;1550-235X;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	3.836	Times cited	25	Open Access
	Notes	Esteem 026019; Fwo			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.836; 2009 IF: 3.475
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:76221			Serial	3725
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Bai, J.; Wang, J.T.-W.; Rubio, N.; Protti, A.; Heidari, H.; Elgogary, R.; Southern, P.; Al-Jamal, W.' T.; Sosabowski, J.; Shah, A.M.; Bals, S.; Pankhurst, Q.A.; Al-Jamal, K.T.
	Title	Triple-Modal Imaging of Magnetically-Targeted Nanocapsules in Solid TumoursIn Vivo			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2016	Publication	Theranostics	Abbreviated Journal	Theranostics
	Volume	6	Issue	6	Pages	342-356
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Triple-modal imaging magnetic nanocapsules, encapsulating hydrophobic superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, are formulated and used to magnetically target solid tumours after intravenous administration in tumour-bearing mice. The engineered magnetic polymeric nanocapsules m-NCs are ~200 nm in size with negative Zeta potential and shown to be spherical in shape. The loading efficiency of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in the m-NC was ~100%. Up to ~3- and ~2.2-fold increase in tumour uptake at 1 and 24 h was achieved, when a static magnetic field was applied to the tumour for 1 hour. m-NCs, with multiple imaging probes (e.g. indocyanine green, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and indium-111), were capable of triple-modal imaging (fluorescence/magnetic resonance/nuclear imaging) in vivo. Using triple-modal imaging is to overcome the intrinsic limitations of single modality imaging and provides complementary information on the spatial distribution of the nanocarrier within the tumour. The significant findings of this study could open up new research perspectives in using novel magnetically-responsive nanomaterials in magnetic-drug targeting combined with multi-modal imaging.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000377797200005	Publication Date	2015-12-31
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1838-7640	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	8.712	Times cited	54	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	The authors would like to thank Prof Robert Hider (King's College London) for useful discussion on the chemical functionalization of the polymers, Mr William Luckhurst (King's College London) on the technical help of AFM measurements and Mr Andrew Cakebread (King's College London) on his technical help of ICP-MS measurements. J.B. acknowledges funding from King's-China Scholarship Council (CSC). J.W. and N.R. acknowledge funding from Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/J008656/1) and Associated International Cancer Research (12-1054). K.T.AJ. acknowledges funding from EU FP7-ITN Marie-Curie Network programme RADDEL (290023). S.B. acknowledges funding from the European Research Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7), ERC Starting Grant No. 335078 COLOURATOMS, and the Integrated Infrastructure Initiative No. 262348 European Soft Matter Infrastructure, ESMI.; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:can);			Approved	Most recent IF: 8.712
	Call Number	c:irua:130058			Serial	3995
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Parzyszek, S.; Tessarolo, J.; Pedrazo-Tardajos, A.; Ortuno, A.M.; Baginski, M.; Bals, S.; Clever, G.H.; Lewandowski, W.
	Title	Tunable circularly polarized luminescence via chirality induction and energy transfer from organic films to semiconductor nanocrystals			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2022	Publication	ACS nano	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Nano
	Volume	16	Issue	11	Pages	18472-18482
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Circularly polarized luminescent (CPL) films with high dissymmetry factors hold great potential for optoelectronic applications. Herei n , we propose a strategy for achieving strongly dissymetric CPL in nanocomposite films based on chira l i t y induction and energy transfer to semiconductor nanocrystals. First, focusing on a purely organic system, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and CPL activity of organic liquid crystals (LCs) forming helical nanofilaments was detected, featuring green emission with high dissymmetry factors g(lum) similar to 10(-2). The handedness of helical filaments, and thus the sign of CPL, was controlled via minute amounts of a small chiral organic dopant. Second, nanocomposite films were fabricated by incorporating InP/ZnS semi-conductor quantum dots (QDs) into the LC matri x , which induced the chiral assembly of QDs and endowed them with chiroptical properties. Due to the spectral matching of the components, energy transfer (ET) from LC to QDs was possible enabling a convenient way of tuning CPL wavelengths by varying the LC/QD ratio. As obtained, composite films exhibited absolute glum values up to similar to 10(-2) and thermally on/off switchable luminescence. Overall, we demonstrate the induction of chiroptical properties by the assembly of nonchiral building QDs on the chiral organic template and energy transfer from organic films to QDs, representing a simple and versatile approach to tune the CPL activity of organic materials.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000883943600001	Publication Date	2022-11-07
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1936-0851	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	17.1	Times cited	10	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	W.L., S.P., and M.B. acknowledge support from the National Science Center Poland under the OPUS Grant UMO-2019/35/B/ST5/04488. J.T. and G.H.C. acknowledge the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy, Grant EXC 2033-390677874-RESOLV. W.L. acknowledges financial support from the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 Programme by Grant E210400529. S.B. and A.P.-T. acknowledge financial support from the European Commission under the Horizon 2020 Programme by Grant 731019 (EUSMI) and ERC Consolidator Grant 815128 (REALNANO). We thank Elie Benchimol for his help with the CPL measurements. We thank Damian Pociecha for his help in the determination of phase sequences of organic compounds.			Approved	Most recent IF: 17.1
	Call Number	UA @ admin @ c:irua:192101			Serial	7345
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	Author	Berthold, T.; Castro, C.R.; Winter, M.; Hoerpel, G.; Kurttepeli, M.; Bals, S.; Antonietti, M.; Fechler, N.
	Title	Tunable nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles from tannic acid and urea and their potential for sustainable soots			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	ChemNanoMat : chemistry of nanomaterials for energy, biology and more	Abbreviated Journal	Chemnanomat
	Volume	3	Issue	3	Pages	311-318
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Nano-sized nitrogen-doped carbon spheres are synthesized from two cheap, readily available and sustainable precursors: tannic acid and urea. In combination with a polymer structuring agent, nitrogen content, sphere size and the surface (up to 400 m(2)g(-1)) can be conveniently tuned by the precursor ratio, temperature and structuring agent content. Because the chosen precursors allow simple oven synthesis and avoid harsh conditions, this carbon nanosphere platform offers a more sustainable alternative to classical soots, for example, as printing pigments or conduction soots. The carbon spheres are demonstrated to be a promising as conductive carbon additive in anode materials for lithium ion batteries.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000403299200006	Publication Date	2017-03-10
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	2199-692x	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.937	Times cited	14	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; S.B. is grateful for funding by the European Research Council (ERC starting grant # 335078-COLOURATOMS). ; ecas_Sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.937
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:144287UA @ admin @ c:irua:144287			Serial	4699
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	Author	Udayabhaskararao, T.; Altantzis, T.; Houben, L.; Coronado-Puchau, M.; Langer, J.; Popovitz-Biro, R.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.; Vuković, L.; Král, P.; Bals, S.; Klajn, R.
	Title	Tunable porous nanoallotropes prepared by post-assembly etching of binary nanoparticle superlattices			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Science	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	358	Issue	358	Pages	514-518
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	Self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles has been used to prepare hundreds of different colloidal crystals, but almost invariably with the restriction that the particles must be densely packed. Here,we show that non–close-packed nanoparticle arrays can be fabricated through the selective removal of one of two components comprising binary nanoparticle superlattices. First, a variety of binary nanoparticle superlattices were prepared at the liquid-air interface, including several arrangements that were previously unknown. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the particular role of the liquid in templating the formation of superlattices not achievable through self-assembly in bulk solution. Second, upon stabilization, all of these binary superlattices could be transformed into distinct “nanoallotropes”—nanoporous materials having the same chemical composition but differing in their nanoscale architectures.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Wos	000413757500043	Publication Date	2017-10-27
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8075	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	37.205	Times cited	113	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	This work was supported by the European Research Council (grants 336080 CONFINEDCHEM to R.K. and 335078 COLOURATOM to S.B.), the Rothschild Caesarea Foundation (R.K.), the NSF (Division of Materials Research, grant 1506886) (P.K.), the European Commission (grant EUSMI 731019 to L.M.L.-M. and S.B.), and the startup funding from the University of Texas at El Paso (L.V.). L.M.L.-M. acknowledges funding from the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (grant MAT2013- 46101-R). T.A. acknowledges funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through a postdoctoral grant. The computer support was provided by the Texas Advanced Computing Center. All data are reported in the main text and supplementary materials. ECAS_Sara (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 37.205
	Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:147242UA @ admin @ c:irua:147242			Serial	4770
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	Author	D'Olieslaeger, L.; Pfannmöller, M.; Fron, E.; Cardinaletti, I.; Van der Auweraer, M.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bals, S.; Maes, W.; Vanderzande, D.; Manca, J.; Ethirajan, A.
	Title	Tuning of PCDTBT : PC₇₁BM blend nanoparticles for eco-friendly processing of polymer solar cells			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2017	Publication	Solar energy materials and solar cells	Abbreviated Journal	Sol Energ Mat Sol C
	Volume	159	Issue	159	Pages	179-188
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	We report the controlled preparation of water processable nanoparticles (NPs) employing the push-pull polymer PCDTBT and the fullerene acceptor PC71BM in order to enable solar cell processing using eco-friendly solvent (i.e. water). The presented method provides the possibility to separate the formation of the active layer blend and the deposition of the active layer into two different processes. For the first time, the benefits of aqueous processability for the high-potential class of push-pull polymers, generally requiring high boiling solvents, are made accessible. With our method we demonstrate excellent control over the blend stoichiometry and efficient mixing. Furthermore, we provide visualization of the nano morphology of the different NPs to obtain structural information down to similar to 2 nm resolution using advanced analytical electron microscopy. The imaging directly reveals very small compositional demixing in the PCDTBT:PC71BM blend NPs, in the size range of about <5 nm, indicating fine mixing at the molecular level. The suitability of the proposed methodology and materials towards the aspects of eco-friendly processing of organic solar cells is demonstrated through a processing of lab scale NPs solar cell prototypes reaching a power conversion efficiency of 1.9%. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
	Language		Wos	000388053600021	Publication Date	2016-09-19
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0927-0248	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	4.784	Times cited	32	Open Access	OpenAccess
	Notes	; This work was supported by BOF funding of Hasselt University, the Interreg project Organext, and the IAP 7/05 project FS2 (Functional Supramolecular Systems), granted by the Science Policy Office of the Belgian Federal Government (BELSPO). A.E. is a post-doctoral fellow of the Flanders Research Foundation (FWO). M.P. gratefully acknowledges the SIM NanoForce program for financial support. S.B. further acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS). The authors are thankful for technical support by J. Smits, T. Vangerven, and J. Baccus. ; ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.784
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:139157UA @ admin @ c:irua:139157			Serial	4450
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	Author	Wang, H.; Cuppens, J.; Biermans, E.; Bals, S.; Fernandez-Ballester, L.; Kvashnina, K.O.; Bras, W.; van Bael, M.J.; Temst, K.; Vantomme, A.
	Title	Tuning of the size and the lattice parameter of ion-beam synthesized Pb nanoparticles embedded in Si			Type	A1 Journal article
	Year	2012	Publication	Journal of physics: D: applied physics	Abbreviated Journal	J Phys D Appl Phys
	Volume	45	Issue	3	Pages	035301-035301,7
	Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
	Abstract	The size and lattice constant evolution of Pb nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by high fluence implantation in crystalline Si have been studied with a variety of experimental techniques. Results obtained from small-angle x-ray scattering showed that the Pb NPs grow with increasing implantation fluence and annealing duration. The theory of NP growth kinetics can be applied to qualitatively explain the size evolution of the Pb NPs during the implantation and annealing processes. Moreover, the lattice constant of the Pb NPs was evaluated by conventional x-ray diffraction. The lattice dilatation was observed to decrease with increasing size of the Pb NPs. Such lattice constant tuning can be attributed to the pseudomorphism caused by the lattice mismatch between the Pb NPs and the Si matrix.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication	London	Editor
	Language		Wos	000299308400008	Publication Date	2011-12-23
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0022-3727;1361-6463;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
	Impact Factor	2.588	Times cited	5	Open Access
	Notes	Fwo; Iap			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.588; 2012 IF: 2.528
	Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:94208			Serial	3754
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