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“Harvesting Renewable Energy for Carbon Dioxide Catalysis”. Navarrete A, Centi G, Bogaerts A, Mart?n?ngel, York A, Stefanidis GD, Energy technology 5, 796 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1002/ente.201600609
Abstract: The use of renewable energy (RE) to transform carbon dioxide into commodities (i.e., CO2 valorization) will pave the way towards a more sustainable economy in the coming years. But how can we efficiently use this energy (mostly available as electricity or solar light) to drive the necessary (catalytic) transformations? This paper presents a review of the technological advances in the transformation of carbon dioxide by means of RE. The socioeconomic implications and chemical basis of the transformation of carbon dioxide with RE are discussed. Then a general view of the use of RE to activate the (catalytic) transformations of carbon dioxide with microwaves, plasmas, and light is presented. The fundamental phenomena involved are introduced from a catalytic and reaction device perspective to present the advantages of this energy form as well as the inherent limitations of the present state-of-the-art. It is shown that efficient use of RE requires the redesign of current catalytic concepts. In this context, a new kind of reaction system, an energy-harvesting device, is proposed as a new conceptual approach for this endeavor. Finally, the challenges that lie ahead for the efficient and economical use of RE for carbon dioxide conversion are exposed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.789
Times cited: 15
DOI: 10.1002/ente.201600609
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Mannaerts D, Faes E, Cos P, Briedé, JJ, Gyselaers W, Cornette J, Gorbanev Y, Bogaerts A, Spaanderman M, Van Craenenbroeck E, Jacquemyn Y, Torrens C (2018) Oxidative stress in healthy pregnancy and preeclampsia is linked to chronic inflammation, iron status and vascular function. e0202919
Abstract: Background
During normal pregnancy, placental oxidative stress (OS) is present during all three trimesters and is necessary to obtain normal cell function. However, if OS reaches a certain level, pregnancy complications might arise. In preeclampsia (PE), a dangerous pregnancy specific hypertensive disorder, OS induced in the ischemic placenta causes a systemic inflammatory response and activates maternal endothelial cells. In this study, we aimed to quantify superoxide concentrations (as a measure of systemic OS) using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and correlate them to markers of systemic inflammation, iron status and vascular function.
Methods
Fifty-nine women with a healthy pregnancy (HP), 10 non-pregnant controls (NP) and 28 PE patients (32±3.3weeks) were included. During HP, blood samples for superoxide, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), mean platelet volume (MPV) and iron status were taken at 10, 25 and 39 weeks. Vascular measurements for arterial stiffness (carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (CF-PWV), augmentation index (AIx), augmentation Pressure (AP)) and microvascular endothelial function (reactive hyperemia index (RHI)) were performed at 35 weeks. In PE, all measurements were performed at diagnosis. CMH (1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine) was used as spin probe for EPR, since the formed CM radical
corresponds to the amount of superoxide.
Results
Superoxide concentration remains stable during pregnancy (p = 0.92), but is significantly higher compared to the NP controls (p<0.0001). At 25 weeks, there is a significant positive correlation between superoxide and ferritin concentration. (p = 0.04) In PE, superoxide, systemic inflammation and iron status are much higher compared to HP (all p<0.001). During HP, superoxide concentrations correlate significantly with arterial stiffness (all p<0.04), while in PE superoxide is significantly correlated to microvascular endothelial function (p = 0.03).
Conclusions
During HP there is an increased but stable oxidative environment, which is correlated to ferritin concentration. If superoxide levels increase, there is an augmentation in arterial stiffness. In PE pregnancies, systemic inflammation and superoxide concentrations are higher and result in a deterioration of endothelial function. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that vascular function is directly linked to the amount of OS and that measurement of OS in combination with vascular function tests might be used in the prediction of PE.
Keywords: University Hospital Antwerp; A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT); Antwerp Surgical Training, Anatomy and Research Centre (ASTARC); Translational Pathophysiological Research (TPR)
Impact Factor: 2.806
Times cited: 15
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202919
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“Comparison of modeling calculations with experimental results for rf glow discharge optical emission spectrometry”. Bogaerts A, Wilken L, Hoffmann V, Gijbels R, Wetzig K, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 57, 109 (2002). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00357-3
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(01)00357-3
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“Computer simulations of crater profiles in glow discharge optical emission spectrometry: comparison with experiments and investigation of the underlying mechanisms”. Bogaerts A, Verscharen W, Steers E, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 59, 1403 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sab.2004.06.005
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1016/j.sab.2004.06.005
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“The effect of the sampling cone position and diameter on the gas flow dynamics in an ICP”. Aghaei M, Lindner H, Bogaerts A, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 28, 1485 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1039/c3ja50107h
Abstract: An inductively coupled plasma, connected to a sampling cone of a mass spectrometer, is computationally investigated. The effects of the sampler orifice diameter (ranging from 1 to 2 mm) and distance of the sampler cone from the load coil (ranging from 7 to 17 mm) are studied. An increase in sampler orifice diameter leads to a higher central plasma temperature at the place of the sampler, as well as more efficient gas transfer through the sampler, by reducing the interaction of the plasma gas with the sampling cone. However, the flow velocity at the sampler position is found to be independent of the sampler orifice diameter. Moreover, by changing the sampler orifice diameter, we can control whether only the central gas or also the auxiliary gas can exit through the sampler. Finally, with the increasing distance of the sampler from the load coil, the plasma temperature at the place of the sampler decreases slightly, which might also have consequences for the ion generation and transport through the sampling cone.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.379
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1039/c3ja50107h
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“Glow discharge modelling: from basic understanding towards applications”. Bogaerts A, Chen Z, Gijbels R, Surface and interface analysis 35, 593 (2003). http://doi.org/10.1002/sia.1578
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.132
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1002/sia.1578
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“Molecular dynamics simulations of the growth of thin a-C:H films under additional ion bombardment: influence of the growth species and the Ar+ ion kinetic energy”. Neyts E, Eckert M, Bogaerts A, Chemical vapor deposition 13, 312 (2007). http://doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200606551
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.333
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200606551
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“Spatial behavior of energy relaxation of electrons in capacitively coupled discharges: comparison between Ar and SiH4”. Yan M, Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Goedheer WJ, Journal of applied physics 87, 3628 (2000). http://doi.org/10.1063/1.372392
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.068
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1063/1.372392
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“Study of atmospheric MOCVD of TiO2 thin films by means of computational fluid dynamics simulations”. Baguer N, Neyts E, van Gils S, Bogaerts A, Chemical vapor deposition 14, 339 (2008). http://doi.org/10.1002/cvde.200806708
Abstract: This paper presents the computational study of the metal-organic (MO) CVD of titanium dioxide (TiO2) films grown using titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as a precursor and nitrogen as a carrier gas. The TiO2 films are deposited under atmospheric pressure. The effects of the precursor concentration, the substrate temperature, and the hydrolysis reaction on the deposition process are investigated. It is found that hydrolysis of the TTIP decreases the onset temperature of the gas-phase thermal decomposition, and that the deposition rate increases with the precursor concentration and with the decrease of substrate temperature. Concerning the mechanism responsible for the film growth, the model shows that at the lowest precursor concentration, the direct adsorption of the precursor is dominant, while at higher precursor concentrations, the monomer deposition becomes more important.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.333
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1002/cvde.200806708
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“Understanding the surface diffusion processes during magnetron sputter-deposition of complex oxide Mg-Al-O thin films”. Georgieva V, Voter AF, Bogaerts A, Crystal growth &, design 11, 2553 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1021/cg200318h
Abstract: It is known that film structure may change dramatically with the extent of surface diffusion during the film growth process. In the present work, surface diffusion, induced thermally or activated by energetic impacts, is investigated theoretically under conditions appropriate for magnetron sputter-deposition of MgAlO thin films with varying stoichiometry. The distribution of surface diffusion energy barriers available to the system was determined for each stoichiometry, which allowed assessing in a qualitative way how much surface diffusion will take place on the time scale available between deposition events. The activation energy barriers increase with the Al concentration in the film, and therefore, the surface diffusion rates in the time frame of typical deposition rates drop, which can explain the decrease in crystallinity in the film structure and the transition to amorphous structure. The deposition process and the immediate surface diffusion enhanced by the energetic adatoms are simulated by means of a molecular dynamics model. The longer-time thermal surface diffusion and the energy landscape are studied by the temperature accelerated dynamics method, applied in an approximate way. The surface diffusion enhanced by the energetic impacts appears to be very important for the film structure in the low-temperature deposition regime.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 4.055
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1021/cg200318h
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“Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: insights through computer modeling”. Bogaerts A, Aghaei M, Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry 32, 233 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1039/C6JA00408C
Abstract: In this tutorial review paper, we illustrate how computer modeling can contribute to a better insight in inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We start with a brief overview on previous efforts, studying the fundamentals of the ICP and ICP-MS, with main focus on previous modeling activities. Subsequently, we explain in detail the model that we developed in previous years, and we show typical calculation results, illustrating the plasma characteristics, gas flow patterns and the sample transport, evaporation and ionization. We also present the effect of various experimental parameters, such as operating conditions, geometrical aspects and sample characteristics, to illustrate how modeling can help to elucidate the optimal conditions for improved analytical performance.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.379
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1039/C6JA00408C
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“Nitrogen fixation with water vapor by nonequilibrium plasma : toward sustainable ammonia production”. Gorbanev Y, Vervloessem E, Nikiforov A, Bogaerts A, Acs Sustainable Chemistry &, Engineering 8, 2996 (2020). http://doi.org/10.1021/ACSSUSCHEMENG.9B07849
Abstract: Ammonia is a crucial nutrient used for plant growth and as a building block in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry, produced via nitrogen fixation of the ubiquitous atmospheric N2. Current industrial ammonia production relies heavily on fossil resources, but a lot of work is put into developing nonfossil-based pathways. Among these is the use of nonequilibrium plasma. In this work, we investigated water vapor as a H source for nitrogen fixation into NH3 by nonequilibrium plasma. The highest selectivity toward NH3 was observed with low amounts of added H2O vapor, but the highest production rate was reached at high H2O vapor contents. We also studied the role of H2O vapor and of the plasma-exposed liquid H2O in nitrogen fixation by using isotopically labeled water to distinguish between these two sources of H2O. We show that added H2O vapor, and not liquid H2O, is the main source of H for NH3 generation. The studied catalyst- and H2-free method offers excellent selectivity toward NH3 (up to 96%), with energy consumption (ca. 95–118 MJ/mol) in the range of many plasma-catalytic H2-utilizing processes.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 8.4
Times cited: 14
DOI: 10.1021/ACSSUSCHEMENG.9B07849
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“Catalytic and molecular separation properties of Zeogrids and Zeotiles”. Martens JA, Thybaut JW, Denayer JFM, Sree SP, Aerts A, Reyniers M-F, van Speybroeck V, Waroquier M, Buekenhoudt A, Vankelecom I, Buijs W, Persoons J, Baron GV, Bals S, Van Tendeloo G, Marin GB, Jacobs PA, Kirschhock CEA, Catalysis today 168, 17 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2011.01.036
Abstract: Zeogrids and Zeotiles are hierarchical materials built from assembled MFI zeolite precursor units. Permanent secondary porosity in these materials is obtained through self assembly of nanoparticles encountered in MFI zeolite synthesis in the presence of supramolecular templates. Hereon, the aggregated species are termed nanoslabs. Zeogrids are layered materials with lateral spacings between nanoslabs creating galleries qualifying as supermicropores. Zeotiles present a diversity of tridimensional nanoslab assemblies with mesopores. Zeotile-1, -4 and -6 are hexagonal mesostructures. Zeotile-1 has triangular and hexagonal channels; Zeotile-4 has hexagonal channels interconnected via slits. Zeotile-2 has a cubic structure with gyroid type mesoporosity. The behavior of Zeogrids and Zeotiles in adsorption, membrane and chromatographic separation and catalysis has been characterized and compared with zeolites and mesoporous materials derived from unstructured silica sources. Shape selectivity was detected via adsorption of n- and iso-alkanes. The mesoporosity of Zeotiles can be exploited in chromatographic separation of biomolecules. Zeotiles present attractive separation properties relevant to CO2 sequestration. Because of its facile synthesis procedure without hydrothermal steps Zeogrid is convenient for membrane synthesis. The performance of Zeogrid membrane in gas separation, nanofiltration and pervaporation is reported. In the Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime Zeogrids and Zeotiles display a catalytic activity characteristic of silicalite-1 zeolites. Introduction of acidity and redox catalytic activity can be achieved via incorporation of Al and Ti atoms in the nanoslabs during synthesis. Zeogrids are active in hydrocracking, catalytic cracking, alkylation and epoxidation reactions. Zeogrids and Zeotiles often behave differently from ordered mesoporous materials as well as from zeolites and present a valuable extension of the family of hierarchical silicate based materials.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Impact Factor: 4.636
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2011.01.036
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“Comparison of argon and neon as discharge gases in a direct current glow discharge: a mathematical simulation”. Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 52, 553 (1997)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.241
Times cited: 13
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“A density-functional theory simulation of the formation of Ni-doped fullerenes by ion implantation”. Neyts E, Maeyens A, Pourtois G, Bogaerts A, Carbon 49, 1013 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.11.009
Abstract: Using self-consistent KohnSham density-functional theory molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate the theoretical possibility to synthesize NiC60, the incarfullerene Ni@C60 and the heterofullerene C59Ni in an ion implantation setup. The corresponding formation mechanisms of all three complexes are elucidated as a function of the ion implantation energy and impact location, suggesting possible routes for selectively synthesizing these complexes.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 6.337
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2010.11.009
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“The effect of hydrogen on the electronic and bonding properties of amorphous carbon”. Titantah JT, Lamoen D, Neyts E, Bogaerts A, Journal of physics : condensed matter 18, 10803 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/18/48/007
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.649
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/18/48/007
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“Etching of low-k materials for microelectronics applications by means of a N2/H2 plasma : modeling and experimental investigation”. Van Laer K, Tinck S, Samara V, de Marneffe JF, Bogaerts A, Plasma sources science and technology 22, 025011 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/22/2/025011
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the etch process of so-called low-k organic material by means of a N2/H2 capacitively coupled plasma, as applied in the micro-electronics industry for the manufacturing of computer chips. In recent years, such an organic material has emerged as a possible alternative for replacing bulk SiO2 as a dielectric material in the back-end-of-line, because of the smaller parasitic capacity between adjacent conducting lines, and thus a faster propagation of the electrical signals throughout the chip. Numerical simulations with a hybrid plasma model, using an extensive plasma and surface chemistry set, as well as experiments are performed, focusing on the plasma properties as well as the actual etching process, to obtain a better insight into the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the effects of gas pressure, applied power and gas composition are investigated to try to optimize the etch process. In general, the plasma density reaches a maximum near the wafer edge due to the so-called 'edge effect'. As a result, the etch rate is not uniform but will also reach its maximum near the wafer edge. The pressure seems not to have a big effect. A higher power increases the etch rate, but the uniformity becomes (slightly) worse. The gas mixing ratio has no significant effect on the etch process, except when a pure H2 or N2 plasma is used, illustrating the synergistic effects of a N2/H2 plasma. In fact, our calculations reveal that the N2/H2 plasma entails an ion-enhanced etch process. The simulation results are in reasonable agreement with the experimental values. The microscopic etch profile shows the desired anisotropic shape under all conditions under study.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/22/2/025011
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“Insights into the growth of (ultra)nanocrystalline diamond by combined molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations”. Eckert M, Neyts E, Bogaerts A, Crystal growth &, design 10, 3005 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1021/cg100063c
Abstract: In this paper, we present the results of combined molecular dynamics−Metropolis Monte Carlo (MD-MMC) simulations of hydrocarbon species at flat diamond (100)2 × 1 and (111)1 × 1 surfaces. The investigated species are considered to be the most important growth species for (ultra)nanocrystalline diamond ((U)NCD) growth. When applying the MMC algorithm to stuck species at monoradical sites, bonding changes are only seen for CH2. The sequence of the bond breaking and formation as put forward by the MMC simulations mimics the insertion of CH2 into a surface dimer as proposed in the standard growth model of diamond. For hydrocarbon species attached to two adjacent radical (biradical) sites, the MMC simulations give rise to significant changes in the bonding structure. For UNCD, the combinations of C3 and C3H2, and C3 and C4H2 (at diamond (100)2 × 1) and C and C2H2 (at diamond (111)1 × 1) are the most successful in nucleating new crystal layers. For NCD, the following combinations pursue the diamond structure the best: C2H2 and C3H2 (at diamond (100)2 × 1) and CH2 and C2H2 (at diamond (111)1 × 1). The different behaviors of the hydrocarbon species at the two diamond surfaces are related to the different sterical hindrances at the diamond surfaces.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 4.055
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1021/cg100063c
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“Modeling of the plasma chemistry and plasmasurface interactions in reactive plasmas”. Bogaerts A, De Bie C, Eckert M, Georgieva V, Martens T, Neyts E, Tinck S, Pure and applied chemistry 82, 1283 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-CON-09-09-20
Abstract: In this paper, an overview is given of modeling activities going on in our research group, for describing the plasma chemistry and plasmasurface interactions in reactive plasmas. The plasma chemistry is calculated by a fluid approach or by hybrid Monte Carlo (MC)fluid modeling. An example of both is illustrated in the first part of the paper. The example of fluid modeling is given for a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in CH4/O2, to describe the partial oxidation of CH4 into value-added chemicals. The example of hybrid MCfluid modeling concerns an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etch reactor in Ar/Cl2/O2, including also the description of the etch process. The second part of the paper deals with the treatment of plasmasurface interactions on the atomic level, with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations or a combination of MD and MC simulations.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.626
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1351/PAC-CON-09-09-20
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“Modeling of the target surface modification by reactive ion implantation during magnetron sputtering”. Depla D, Chen ZY, Bogaerts A, Ignatova V, de Gryse R, Gijbels R, Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films 22, 1524 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.1705641
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.374
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1116/1.1705641
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“Revisiting the interplay between ablation, collisional, and radiative processes during ns-laser ablation”. Autrique D, Gornushkin I, Alexiades V, Chen Z, Bogaerts A, Rethfeld B, Applied physics letters 103, 174102 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4826505
Abstract: A study of ns-laser ablation is presented, which focuses on the transient behavior of the physical processes that act in and above a copper sample. A dimensionless multiphase collisional radiative model describes the interplay between the ablation, collisional, and radiative mechanisms. Calculations are done for a 6 ns-Nd:YAG laser pulse operating at 532 nm and fluences up to 15 J/cm2. Temporal intensity profiles as well as transmissivities are in good agreement with experimental results. It is found that volumetric ablation mechanisms and photo-processes both play an essential role in the onset of ns-laser induced breakdown.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.411
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1063/1.4826505
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“Understanding polyethylene surface functionalization by an atmospheric He/O2 plasma through combined experiments and simulations”. Dufour T, Minnebo J, Abou Rich S, Neyts EC, Bogaerts A, Reniers F, Journal of physics: D: applied physics 47, 224007 (2014). http://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/22/224007
Abstract: High density polyethylene surfaces were exposed to the atmospheric post-discharge of a radiofrequency plasma torch supplied in helium and oxygen. Dynamic water contact angle measurements were performed to evaluate changes in surface hydrophilicity and angle resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was carried out to identify the functional groups responsible for wettability changes and to study their subsurface depth profiles, up to 9 nm in depth. The reactions leading to the formation of CO, C = O and OC = O groups were simulated by molecular dynamics. These simulations demonstrate that impinging oxygen atoms do not react immediately upon impact but rather remain at or close to the surface before eventually reacting. The simulations also explain the release of gaseous species in the ambient environment as well as the ejection of low molecular weight oxidized materials from the surface.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.588
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1088/0022-3727/47/22/224007
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“Importance of surface charging during plasma streamer propagation in catalyst pores”. Zhang Q-Z, Wang W-Z, Bogaerts A, Plasma sources science and technology 27, 065009 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aaca6d
Abstract: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest, but the underlying mechanisms are far from understood. Different catalyst materials will have different chemical effects, but in addition, they might also have different dielectric constants, which will affect surface charging, and thus the plasma behavior. In this work, we demonstrate that surface charging plays an important role in the streamer propagation and discharge enhancement inside catalyst pores, and in the plasma distribution along the dielectric surface, and this role greatly depends on the dielectric constant of the material. For εr50, surface charging causes the plasma to spread along the dielectric surface and inside the pores, leading to deeper plasma streamer penetration, while for εr>50 or for metallic coatings, the discharge is more localized, due to very weak surface charging. In addition, at εr=50, the significant surface charge density near the pore entrance causes a large potential drop at the sharp pore edges, which induces a strong electric field and results in most pronounced plasma enhancement near the pore entrance.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/aaca6d
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“Behavior of electrons in a dual-magnetron sputter deposition system : a Monte Carlo model”. Yusupov M, Bultinck E, Depla D, Bogaerts A, New journal of physics 13, 033018 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/13/3/033018
Abstract: A Monte Carlo model has been developed for investigating the electron behavior in a dual-magnetron sputter deposition system. To describe the three-dimensional (3D) geometry, different reference frames, i.e. a local and a global coordinate system, were used. In this study, the influence of both closed and mirror magnetic field configurations on the plasma properties is investigated. In the case of a closed magnetic field configuration, the calculated electron trajectories show that if an electron is emitted in (or near) the center of the cathode, where the influence of the magnetic field is low, it is able to travel from one magnetron to the other. On the other hand, when an electron is created at the race track area, it is more or less trapped in the strong magnetic field and cannot easily escape to the second magnetron region. In the case of a mirror magnetic field configuration, irrespective of where the electron is emitted from the cathode, it cannot travel from one magnetron to the other because the magnetic field lines guide the electron to the substrate. Moreover, the electron density and electron impact ionization rate have been calculated and studied in detail for both configurations.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.786
Times cited: 12
DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/13/3/033018
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“Influence of sticking coefficients on the behavior of sputtered atoms in an argon glow discharge: modeling and comparison with experiment”. Bogaerts A, Naylor J, Hatcher M, Jones WJ, Mason R, Journal of vacuum science and technology: A: vacuum surfaces and films 16, 2400 (1998). http://doi.org/10.1116/1.581359
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.374
Times cited: 12
DOI: 10.1116/1.581359
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“Mass spectrometric analysis of inorganic solids: GDMS and other methods”. Gijbels R, van Straaten M, Bogaerts A, Advances in mass spectrometry 13, 241 (1995)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Times cited: 12
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“Mathematical description of a direct current glow discharge in argon”. Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 355, 853 (1996)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Times cited: 12
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“Similarities and differences between gliding glow and gliding arc discharges”. Kolev S, Bogaerts A, Plasma sources science and technology 24, 065023 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/24/6/065023
Abstract: In this work we have analyzed the properties of a gliding dc discharge in argon at atmospheric pressure. Despite the usual designation of these discharges as ‘gliding arc discharges’, it was found previously that they operate in two different regimes—glow and arc. Here we analyze the differences in both regimes by means of two dimensional fluid modeling. In order to address different aspects of the discharge operation, we use two models—Cartesian and axisymmetric in a cylindrical coordinate system. The obtained results show that the two types of discharges produce a similar plasma column for a similar discharge current. However, the different mechanisms of plasma channel attachment to the cathode could produce certain differences in the plasma parameters (i.e. arc elongation), and this can affect gas treatments applications.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 12
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/24/6/065023
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“Investigation of plasma-induced chemistry in organic solutions for enhanced electrospun PLA nanofibers”. Rezaei F, Gorbanev Y, Chys M, Nikiforov A, Van Hulle SWH, Cos P, Bogaerts A, De Geyter N, Plasma processes and polymers 15, 1700226 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201700226
Abstract: Electrospinning is a versatile technique for the fabrication of polymer-based nano/microfibers. Both physical and chemical characteristics of pre-electrospinning polymer solutions affect the morphology and chemistry of electrospun nanofibers. An atmospheric-pressure plasma jet has previously been shown to induce physical modifications in polylactic acid (PLA) solutions. This work aims at investigating the plasma-induced chemistry in organic solutions of PLA, and their effects on the resultant PLA nanofibers. Therefore, very broad range of gas, liquid, and solid (nanofiber) analyzing techniques has been applied. Plasma alters the acidity of the solutions. SEM studies illustrated that complete fiber morphology enhancement only occurred when both PLA and solvent molecules were exposed to preelectrospinning plasma treatment.
Additionally, the surface
chemistry of the PLA nanofibers
was mostly preserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.846
Times cited: 12
DOI: 10.1002/ppap.201700226
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“Bulk plasma fragmentation in a C4F8 inductively coupled plasma : a hybrid modelling study”. Zhao S-X, Zhang Y-R, Gao F, Wang Y-N, Bogaerts A, Journal of applied physics 117, 243303 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1063/1.4923230
Abstract: A hybrid model is used to investigate the fragmentation of C4F8 inductive discharges. Indeed, the resulting reactive species are crucial for the optimization of the Si-based etching process, since they determine the mechanisms of fluorination, polymerization, and sputtering. In this paper, we present the dissociation degree, the density ratio of F vs. CxFy (i.e., fluorocarbon (fc) neutrals), the neutral vs. positive ion density ratio, details on the neutral and ion components, and fractions of various fc neutrals (or ions) in the total fc neutral (or ion) density in a C4F8 inductively coupled plasma source, as well as the effect of pressure and power on these results. To analyze the fragmentation behavior, the electron density and temperature and electron energy probability function (EEPF) are investigated. Moreover, the main electron-impact generation sources for all considered neutrals and ions are determined from the complicated C4F8 reaction set used in the model. The C4F8 plasma fragmentation is explained, taking into account many factors, such as the EEPF characteristics, the dominance of primary and secondary processes, and the thresholds of dissociation and ionization. The simulation results are compared with experiments from literature, and reasonable agreement is obtained. Some discrepancies are observed, which can probably be attributed to the simplified polymer surface kinetics assumed in the model.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.068
Times cited: 11
DOI: 10.1063/1.4923230
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