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“Plasma streamer propagation in structured catalysts”. Zhang Q-Z, Bogaerts A, Plasma Sources Science &, Technology 27, 105013 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aae430
Abstract: Plasma catalysis is gaining increasing interest for various environmental applications. Catalytic
material can be inserted in different shapes in the plasma, e.g., as pellets, (coated) beads, but also
as honeycomb monolith and 3DFD structures, also called ‘structured catalysts’, which have high
mass and heat transfer properties. In this work, we examine the streamer discharge propagation
and the interaction between plasma and catalysts, inside the channels of such structured catalysts,
by means of a two-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision model. Our results reveal
that plasma streamers behave differently in various structured catalysts. In case of a honeycomb
structure, the streamers are limited to only one channel, with low or high plasma density when
the channels are parallel or perpendicular to the electrodes, respectively. In contrast, in case of a
3DFD structure, the streamers can distribute to different channels, causing discharge
enhancement due to surface charging on the dielectric walls of the structured catalyst, and
especially giving rise to a broader plasma distribution. The latter should be beneficial for plasma
catalysis applications, as it allows a larger catalyst surface area to be exposed to the plasma.
Keywords: A1 Journal Article; plasma catalysis, streamer propagation, 3D structures, PIC/MCC; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 3
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/aae430
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“Dispersion relations for circular single and double dusty plasma chains”. Tkachenko DV, Sheridan TE, Misko VR, Physics of plasmas 18, 103709 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1063/1.3651194
Abstract: We derive dispersion relations for a system of identical particles confined in a two-dimensional annular harmonic well and which interact through a Yukawa potential, e.g., a dusty plasma ring. When the particles are in a single chain (i.e., a one-dimensional ring), we find a longitudinal acoustic mode and a transverse optical mode which show approximate agreement with the dispersion relation for a straight configuration for large radii of the ring. When the radius decreases, the dispersion relations modify: there appears an anticrossing of the modes near the crossing point resulting in a frequency gap between the lower and upper branches of the modified dispersion relations. For the double chain (i.e., a two-dimensional zigzag configuration), the dispersion relation has four branches: longitudinal acoustic and optical and transverse acoustic and optical.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 2.115
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1063/1.3651194
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“Magnetic field dependence of the normal mode spectrum of a planar complex plasma cluster”. Kong M, Ferreira WP, Partoens B, Peeters FM, IEEE transactions on plasma science 32, 569 (2004). http://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2004.826084
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 1.052
Times cited: 4
DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2004.826084
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“Perturbation of collisional plasma flow around a charged dust particle: kinetic analysis”. Schweigert IV, Schweigert VA, Peeters FM, Physics of plasmas 12, 113501 (2005). http://doi.org/10.1063/1.2076527
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Impact Factor: 2.115
Times cited: 15
DOI: 10.1063/1.2076527
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“Short-pulse laser absorption in very steep plasma density gradients”. Cai H-bo, Yu W, Zhu S-ping, Zheng C-yang, Cao L-hua, Li B, Chen ZY, Bogaerts A, Physics of plasmas 13, 094504 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1063/1.2354583
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.115
Times cited: 17
DOI: 10.1063/1.2354583
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“Capacitive electrical asymmetry effect in an inductively coupled plasma reactor”. Zhang Q-Z, Bogaerts A, Plasma Sources Science &, Technology 27, 105019 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aad796
Abstract: The electrical asymmetry effect is realized by applying multiple frequency power sources
(13.56 MHz and 27.12 MHz) to a capacitively biased substrate electrode in a specific inductively
coupled plasma reactor. On the one hand, by adjusting the phase angle θ between the multiple
frequency power sources, an almost linear self-bias develops on the substrate electrode, and
consequently the ion energy can be well modulated, while the ion flux stays constant within a
large range of θ. On the other hand, the plasma density and ion flux can be significantly
modulated by tuning the inductive power supply, while only inducing a small change in the self-
bias. Independent control of self-bias/ion energy and ion flux can thus be realized in this specific
inductively coupled plasma reactor.
Keywords: A1 Journal Article; electrical asymmetry effect, inductively coupled plasma, self-bias, independent control of the ion fluxes and ion energy; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/aad796
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“Deposition of aminosilane coatings on porous Al2O3microspheres by means of dielectric barrier discharges”. Garzia Trulli M, Claes N, Pype J, Bals S, Baert K, Terryn H, Sardella E, Favia P, Vanhulsel A, Plasma processes and polymers 14, 1600211 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201600211
Abstract: Advances in the synthesis of porous microspheres and in their functionalization are increasing the interest in applications of alumina. This paper deals with coatings plasma deposited from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane by means of dielectric barrier discharges on alumina porous microspheres, shaped by a vibrational droplet coagulation technique. Aims of the work are the functionalization of the particles with active amino groups, as well as the evaluation of their surface coverage and of the penetration of the coatings into their pores. A multi-diagnostic approach was used for the chemical/morphological characterization of the particles. It was found that 5 min exposure to plasma discharges promotes the deposition of homogeneous coatings onto the microspheres and within their pores, down to 1 μm.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
Impact Factor: 2.846
Times cited: 8
DOI: 10.1002/ppap.201600211
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“Influence of Al content on the properties of MgO grown by reactive magnetron sputtering”. Saraiva M, Chen H, Leroy WP, Mahieu S, Jehanathan N, Lebedev O, Georgieva V, Persoons R, Depla D, Plasma processes and polymers 6, S751 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200931809
Abstract: In the present work, reactive magnetron sputtering in DC mode was used to grow complex oxide thin films, starting from two separate pure metal targets. A series of coatings was produced with a stoichiometry of the film ranging from MgO, over MgxAlyOz to Al2O3. The surface energy, crystallinity, hardness, refractive index, and surface roughness were investigated. A relationship between all properties studied and the Mg content of the samples was found. A critical compositional region for the Mg-Al-O system where all properties exhibit a change was noticed.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.846
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.1002/ppap.200931809
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“Plasmonic effects in the neutralization of slow ions at a metallic surface”. Bercx M, Mayda S, Depla D, Partoens B, Lamoen D, Contributions to Plasma Physics (2023). http://doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.202300054
Abstract: Secondary electron emission is an important process that plays a significant role in several plasma‐related applications. As measuring the secondary electron yield experimentally is very challenging, quantitative modelling of this process to obtain reliable yield data is critical as input for higher‐scale simulations. Here, we build upon our previous work combining density functional theory calculations with a model originally developed by Hagstrum to extend its application to metallic surfaces. As plasmonic effects play a much more important role in the secondary electron emission mechanism for metals, we introduce an approach based on Poisson point processes to include both surface and bulk plasmon excitations to the process. The resulting model is able to reproduce the yield spectra of several available experimental results quite well but requires the introduction of global fitting parameters, which describe the strength of the plasmon interactions. Finally, we use an in‐house developed workflow to calculate the electron yield for a list of elemental surfaces spanning the periodic table to produce an extensive data set for the community and compare our results with more simplified approaches from the literature.
Keywords: A1 Journal Article; Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT) ;
Impact Factor: 1.6
DOI: 10.1002/ctpp.202300054
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“Low-Temperature Plasma for Biology, Hygiene, and Medicine: Perspective and Roadmap”. Laroussi M, Bekeschus S, Keidar M, Bogaerts A, Fridman A, Lu X, Ostrikov K, Hori M, Stapelmann K, Miller V, Reuter S, Laux C, Mesbah A, Walsh J, Jiang C, Thagard SM, Tanaka H, Liu D, Yan D, Yusupov M, IEEE transactions on radiation and plasma medical sciences 6, 127 (2022). http://doi.org/10.1109/TRPMS.2021.3135118
Abstract: Plasma, the fourth and most pervasive state of matter in the visible universe, is a fascinating medium that is connected to the beginning of our universe itself. Man-made plasmas are at the core of many technological advances that include the fabrication of semiconductor devices, which enabled the modern computer and communication revolutions. The introduction of low temperature, atmospheric pressure plasmas to the biomedical field has ushered a new revolution in the healthcare arena that promises to introduce plasma-based therapies to combat some thorny and long-standing medical challenges. This article presents an overview of where research is at today and discusses innovative concepts and approaches to overcome present challenges and take the field to the next level. It is written by a team of experts who took an in-depth look at the various applications of plasma in hygiene, decontamination, and medicine, made critical analysis, and proposed ideas and concepts that should help the research community focus their efforts on clear and practical steps necessary to keep the field advancing for decades to come.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
DOI: 10.1109/TRPMS.2021.3135118
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“Dry reforming of methane in a nanosecond repetitively pulsed discharge: chemical kinetics modeling”. Zhang L, Heijkers S, Wang W, Martini LM, Tosi P, Yang D, Fang Z, Bogaerts A, Plasma Sources Science &, Technology 31, 055014 (2022). http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ac6bbc
Abstract: Nanosecond pulsed discharge plasma shows a high degree of non-equilibrium, and exhibits relatively high conversions in the dry reforming of methane. To further improve the application, a good insight of the underlying mechanisms is desired. We developed a chemical kinetics model to explore the underlying plasma chemistry in nanosecond pulsed discharge. We compared the calculated conversions and product selectivities with experimental results, and found reasonable agreement in a wide range of specific energy input. Hence, the chemical kinetics model is able to provide insight in the underlying plasma chemistry. The modeling results predict that the most important dissociation reaction of CO<sub>2</sub>and CH<sub>4</sub>is electron impact dissociation. C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>is the most abundant hydrocarbon product, and it is mainly formed upon reaction of two CH<sub>2</sub>radicals. Furthermore, the vibrational excitation levels of CO<sub>2</sub>contribute for 85% to the total dissociation of CO<sub>2</sub>.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.8
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ac6bbc
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“Three-dimensional modeling of energy transport in a gliding arc discharge in argon”. Kolev S, Bogaerts A, Plasma Sources Science &, Technology 27, 125011 (2018). http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/aaf29c
Abstract: In this work we study energy transport in a gliding arc discharge with two diverging flat
electrodes in argon gas at atmospheric pressure. The discharge is ignited at the shortest electrode
gap and it is pushed downstream by a forced gas flow. The current values considered are
relatively low and therefore a non-equilibrium plasma is produced. We consider two cases, i.e.
with high and low discharge current (28 mA and 2.8mA), and a constant gas flow of 10 lmin −1 ,
with a significant turbulent component to the velocity. The study presents an analysis of the
various energy transport mechanisms responsible for the redistribution of Joule heating to the
plasma species and the moving background gas. The objective of this work is to provide a
general understanding of the role of the different energy transport mechanisms in arc formation
and sustainment, which can be used to improve existing or new discharge designs. The work is
based on a three-dimensional numerical model, combining a fluid plasma model, the shear stress
transport Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes turbulent gas flow model, and a model for gas
thermal balance. The obtained results show that at higher current the discharge is constricted
within a thin plasma column several hundred kelvin above room temperature, while in the low-
current discharge the combination of intense convective cooling and low Joule heating prevents
discharge contraction and the plasma column evolves to a static non-moving diffusive plasma,
continuously cooled by the flowing gas. As a result, the energy transport in the two cases is
determined by different mechanisms. At higher current and a constricted plasma column, the
plasma column is cooled mainly by turbulent transport, while at low current and an unconstricted
plasma, the major cooling mechanism is energy transport due to non-turbulent gas convection. In
general, the study also demonstrates the importance of turbulent energy transport in
redistributing the Joule heating in the arc and its significant role in arc cooling and the formation
of the gas temperature profile. In general, the turbulent energy transport lowers the average gas
temperature in the arc, thus allowing additional control of thermal non-equilibrium in the
discharge.
Keywords: A1 Journal Article; gliding arc discharge, sliding arc discharge, energy transport, fluid plasma model, atmospheric pressure plasmas; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
Impact Factor: 3.302
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/aaf29c
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“Effect of argon or helium on the CO2 conversion in a dielectric barrier discharge”. Ramakers M, Michielsen I, Aerts R, Meynen V, Bogaerts A, Plasma processes and polymers 12, 755 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201400213
Abstract: This paper demonstrates that the CO2 conversion in a dielectric barrier discharge rises drastically upon addition of Ar or He, and the effect is more pronounced for Ar than for He. The effective CO2 conversion, on the other hand, drops upon addition of Ar or He, which is logical due to the lower CO2 content in the gas mixture, and the same is true for the energy efficiency, because a considerable fraction of the energy is then consumed into ionization/excitation of Ar or He atoms. The higher absolute CO2 conversion upon addition of Ar or He can be explained by studying in detail the Lissajous plots and the current profiles. The breakdown voltage is lower in the CO2/Ar and CO2/He mixtures, and the discharge gap is more filled with plasma, which enhances the possibility for CO2 conversion. The rates of electron impact excitationdissociation of CO2, estimated from the electron densities and mean electron energies, are indeed higher in the CO2/Ar and (to a lower extent) in the CO2/He mixtures, compared to the pure CO2 plasma. Moreover, charge transfer between Ar+ or Ar2+ ions and CO2, followed by electron-ion dissociative recombination of the CO2+ ions, might also contribute to, or even be dominant for the CO2 dissociation. All these effects can explain the higher CO2 conversion, especially upon addition of Ar, but also upon addition of He.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA); Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.846
Times cited: 63
DOI: 10.1002/ppap.201400213
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“Characterization of Non-Thermal Dielectric Barrier Discharges for Plasma Medicine: From Plastic Well Plates to Skin Surfaces”. Lin A, Gromov M, Nikiforov A, Smits E, Bogaerts A, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing 43, 1587 (2023). http://doi.org/10.1007/s11090-023-10389-w
Abstract: technologies have been expanding, and one of the most exciting and rapidly growing
applications is in biology and medicine. Most biomedical studies with DBD plasma systems are performed in vitro, which include cells grown on the surface of plastic well plates, or in vivo, which include animal research models (e.g. mice, pigs). Since many DBD systems use the biological target as the secondary electrode for direct plasma generation and treatment, they are sensitive to the surface properties of the target, and thus can be altered based on the in vitro or in vivo system used. This could consequently affect biological response from plasma treatment. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the DBD plasma behavior both in vitro (i.e. 96-well flat bottom plates, 96-well U-bottom plates, and 24-well flat bottom plates), and in vivo (i.e. mouse skin). Intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) imaging was performed and the plasma discharges were visually distinguishable between the different systems. The geometry of the wells did not affect DBD plasma generation for low application distances (≤ 2 mm), but differentially affected plasma uniformity on the bottom of the well at greater distances. Since DBD plasma treatment in vitro is rarely performed in dry wells for plasma medicine experiments, the effect of well wetness was also investigated. In all in vitro cases, the uniformity of the DBD plasma was affected when comparing wet versus dry wells, with the plasma in the wide-bottom wells appearing the most similar to plasma generated on mouse skin. Interestingly, based on quantification of ICCD images, the DBD plasma intensity per surface area demonstrated an exponential one-phase decay with increasing application distance, regardless of the in vitro or in vivo system. This trend is similar to that of the energy per pulse of plasma, which is used to determine the total plasma treatment energy for biological systems. Optical emission spectroscopy performed on the plasma revealed similar trends in radical species generation between the plastic well plates and mouse skin. Therefore, taken together, DBD plasma intensity per surface area may be a valuable parameter to be used as a simple method for in situ monitoring during biological treatment and active plasma treatment control, which can be applied for in vitro and in vivo systems.
Keywords: A1 Journal Article; Non-thermal plasma · Plasma medicine · Dielectric barrier discharge · Plasma diagnostics · Plasma surface interaction · In situ plasma monitoring; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
Impact Factor: 3.6
DOI: 10.1007/s11090-023-10389-w
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“Investigation of O atom kinetics in O2plasma and its afterglow”. Albrechts M, Tsonev I, Bogaerts A, Plasma Sources Science and Technology 33, 045017 (2024). http://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6595/ad3f4a
Abstract: We have developed a comprehensive kinetic model to study the O atom kinetics in an O<sub>2</sub>plasma and its afterglow. By adopting a pseudo-1D plug-flow formalism within the kinetic model, our aim is to assess how far the O atoms travel in the plasma afterglow, evaluating its potential as a source of O atoms for post-plasma gas conversion applications. Since we could not find experimental data for pure O<sub>2</sub>plasma at atmospheric pressure, we first validated our model at low pressure (1–10 Torr) where very good experimental data are available. Good agreement between our model and experiments was achieved for the reduced electric field, gas temperature and the densities of the dominant neutral species, i.e. O<sub>2</sub>(a), O<sub>2</sub>(b) and O. Subsequently, we confirmed that the chemistry set is consistent with thermodynamic equilibrium calculations at atmospheric pressure. Finally, we investigated the O atom densities in the O<sub>2</sub>plasma and its afterglow, for which we considered a microwave O<sub>2</sub>plasma torch, operating at a pressure between 0.1 and 1 atm, for a flow rate of 20 slm and an specific energy input of 1656 kJ mol<sup>−1</sup>. Our results show that for both pressure conditions, a high dissociation degree of ca. 92% is reached within the discharge. However, the O atoms travel much further in the plasma afterglow for<italic>p</italic>= 0.1 atm (9.7 cm) than for<italic>p</italic>= 1 atm (1.4 cm), attributed to the longer lifetime (3.8 ms at 0.1 atm vs 1.8 ms at 1 atm) resulting from slower three-body recombination kinetics, as well as a higher volumetric flow rate.
Keywords: A1 Journal Article; oxygen plasma, pseudo-1D plug-flow kinetic model, O atoms, low-pressure validation, atmospheric pressure microwave torch; Plasma, laser ablation and surface modeling Antwerp (PLASMANT) ;
Impact Factor: 3.8
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6595/ad3f4a
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“Toward defining plasma treatment dose : the role of plasma treatment energy of pulsed‐dielectric barrier discharge in dictating in vitro biological responses”. Lin A, Biscop E, Gorbanev Y, Smits E, Bogaerts A, Plasma Processes And Polymers 19, e2100151 (2022). http://doi.org/10.1002/PPAP.202100151
Abstract: The energy dependence of a pulsed-dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma treatment on chemical species production and biological responses was investigated. We hypothesized that the total plasma energy delivered during treatment encompasses the influence of major application parameters. A microsecond-pulsed DBD system was used to treat three different cancer cell lines and cell viability was analyzed. The energy per pulse was measured and the total plasma treatment energy was controlled by adjusting the pulse frequency, treatment time, and application distance. Our data suggest that the delivered plasma energy plays a predominant role in stimulating a biological response in vitro. This study aids in developing steps toward defining a plasma treatment unit and treatment dose for biomedical and clinical research.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Pharmacology. Therapy; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.5
DOI: 10.1002/PPAP.202100151
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“A 2D model for a gliding arc discharge”. Kolev S, Bogaerts A, Plasma sources science and technology 24, 015025 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/24/1/015025
Abstract: In this study we report on a 2D fluid model of a gliding arc discharge in argon. Despite the 3D nature of the discharge, 2D models are found to be capable of providing very useful information about the operation of the discharge. We employ two modelsan axisymmetric and a Cartesian one. We show that for the considered experiment and the conditions of a low current arc (around 30 mA) in argon, there is no significant heating of the cathode surface and the discharge is sustained by field electron emission from the cathode accompanied by the formation of a cathode spot. The obtained discharge power and voltage are relatively sensitive to the surface properties and particularly to the surface roughness, causing effectively an amplification of the normal electric field. The arc body and anode region are not influenced by this and depend mainly on the current value. The gliding of the arc is modelled by means of a 2D Cartesian model. The arcelectrode contact points are analysed and the gliding mechanism along the electrode surface is discussed. Following experimental observations, the cathode spot is simulated as jumping from one point to another. A complete arc cycle is modelled from initial ignition to arc decay. The results show that there is no interaction between the successive gliding arcs.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 34
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/24/1/015025
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“Characterization of an Ar/O2 magnetron plasma by a multi-species Monte Carlo model”. Bultinck E, Bogaerts A, Plasma sources science and technology 20, 045013 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/20/4/045013
Abstract: A combined Monte Carlo (MC)/analytical surface model is developed to study the plasma processes occurring during the reactive sputter deposition of TiOx thin films. This model describes the important plasma species with a MC approach (i.e. electrons, Ar+ ions, {\rm O}_2
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 7
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/20/4/045013
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“Comparison of electrostatic and electromagnetic simulations for very high frequency plasmas”. Zhang Y-R, Xu X, Zhao S-X, Bogaerts A, Wang Y-N, Physics of plasmas 17, 113512 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1063/1.3519515
Abstract: A two-dimensional self-consistent fluid model combined with the full set of Maxwell equations is developed to investigate an argon capacitively coupled plasma, focusing on the electromagnetic effects on the discharge characteristics at various discharge conditions. The results indicate that there exist distinct differences in plasma characteristics calculated with the so-called electrostatic model (i.e., without taking into account the electromagnetic effects) and the electromagnetic model (which includes the electromagnetic effects), especially at very high frequencies. Indeed, when the excitation source is in the high frequency regime and the electromagnetic effects are taken into account, the plasma density increases significantly and meanwhile the ionization rate evolves to a very different distribution when the electromagnetic effects are dominant. Furthermore, the dependence of the plasma characteristics on the voltage and pressure is also investigated, at constant frequency. It is observed that when the voltage is low, the difference between these two models becomes more obvious than at higher voltages. As the pressure increases, the plasma density profiles obtained from the electromagnetic model smoothly shift from edge-peaked over uniform to a broad maximum in the center. In addition, the edge effect becomes less pronounced with increasing frequency and pressure, and the skin effect rather than the standing-wave effect becomes dominant when the voltage is high.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.115
Times cited: 30
DOI: 10.1063/1.3519515
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“Comprehensive modelling network for dc glow discharges in argon”. Bogaerts A, Plasma sources science and technology 8, 210 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/8/2/003
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 27
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/8/2/003
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“Comprehensive three-dimensional modeling network for a dc glow discharge plasma”. Bogaerts A, Gijbels R, Plasma physics reports 24, 573 (1998)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 0.984
Times cited: 8
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“Computer modeling of plasmas and plasma-surface interactions”. Bogaerts A, Bultinck E, Eckert M, Georgieva V, Mao M, Neyts E, Schwaederlé, L, Plasma processes and polymers 6, 295 (2009). http://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200800207
Abstract: In this paper, an overview is given of different modeling approaches used for describing gas discharge plasmas, as well as plasma-surface interactions. A fluid model is illustrated for describing the detailed plasma chemistry in capacitively coupled rf discharges. The strengths and limitations of Monte Carlo simulations and of a particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collisions model are explained for a magnetron discharge, whereas the capabilities of a hybrid Monte Carlo-fluid approach are illustrated for a direct current glow discharge used for spectrochemical analysis of materials. Finally, some examples of molecular dynamics simulations, for the purpose of plasma-deposition, are given.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.846
Times cited: 18
DOI: 10.1002/ppap.200800207
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“Computer simulations for processing plasmas”. Bogaerts A, de Bleecker K, Georgieva V, Kolev I, Madani M, Neyts E, Plasma processes and polymers 3, 110 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200500065
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.846
Times cited: 8
DOI: 10.1002/ppap.200500065
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“Computer simulations of an oxygen inductively coupled plasma used for plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition”. Tinck S, Bogaerts A, Plasma sources science and technology 20, 015008 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/20/1/015008
Abstract: In this paper, an O2 inductively coupled plasma used for plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 thin films is investigated by means of modeling. This work intends to provide more information about basic plasma properties such as species densities and species fluxes to the substrate as a function of power and pressure, which might be hard to measure experimentally. For this purpose, a hybrid model developed by Kushner et al is applied to calculate the plasma characteristics in the reactor volume for different chamber pressures ranging from 1 to 10 mTorr and different coil powers ranging from 50 to 500 W. Density profiles of the various oxygen containing plasma species are reported as well as fluxes to the substrate under various operating conditions. Furthermore, different orientations of the substrate, which can be placed vertically or horizontally in the reactor, are taken into account. In addition, special attention is paid to the recombination process of atomic oxygen on the different reactor walls under the stated operating conditions. From this work it can be concluded that the plasma properties change significantly in different locations of the reactor. The plasma density near the cylindrical coil is high, while it is almost negligible in the neighborhood of the substrate. Ion and excited species fluxes to the substrate are found to be very low and negligible. Finally, the orientation of the substrate has a minor effect on the flux of O2, while it has a significant effect on the flux of O. In the horizontal configuration, the flux of atomic oxygen can be up to one order of magnitude lower than in the vertical configuration.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 11
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/20/1/015008
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“Conversion of carbon dioxide to value-added chemicals in atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges”. Paulussen S, Verheyde B, Tu X, De Bie C, Martens T, Petrovic D, Bogaerts A, Sels B, Plasma sources science and technology 19, 034015 (2010). http://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/19/3/034015
Abstract: The aim of this work consists of the evaluation of atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharges for the conversion of greenhouse gases into useful compounds. Therefore, pure CO2 feed flows are administered to the discharge zone at varying discharge frequency, power input, gas temperature and feed flow rates, aiming at the formation of CO and O2. The discharge obtained in CO2 is characterized as a filamentary mode with a microdischarge zone in each half cycle of the applied voltage. It is shown that the most important parameter affecting the CO2-conversion levels is the gas flow rate. At low flow rates, both the conversion and the CO-yield are significantly higher. In addition, also an increase in the gas temperature and the power input give rise to higher conversion levels, although the effect on the CO-yield is limited. The optimum discharge frequency depends on the power input level and it cannot be unambiguously stated that higher frequencies give rise to increased conversion levels. A maximum CO2 conversion of 30% is achieved at a flow rate of 0.05 L min−1, a power density of 14.75 W cm−3 and a frequency of 60 kHz. The most energy efficient conversions are achieved at a flow rate of 0.2 L min−1, a power density of 11 W cm−3 and a discharge frequency of 30 kHz.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 116
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/19/3/034015
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“Detailed numerical investigation of a DC sputter magnetron”. Kolev I, Bogaerts A, IEEE transactions on plasma science 34, 886 (2006). http://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2006.875843
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 1.052
Times cited: 28
DOI: 10.1109/TPS.2006.875843
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“Dielectric barrier discharges used for the conversion of greenhouse gases: modeling the plasma chemistry by fluid simulations”. De Bie C, Martens T, van Dijk J, Paulussen S, Verheyde B, Corthals S, Bogaerts A, Plasma sources science and technology 20, 024008 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/20/2/024008
Abstract: The conversion of methane to value-added chemicals and fuels is considered to be one of the challenges of the 21st century. In this paper we study, by means of fluid modeling, the conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates by partial oxidation with CO2 or O2 in a dielectric barrier discharge. Sixty-nine different plasma species (electrons, ions, molecules, radicals) are included in the model, as well as a comprehensive set of chemical reactions. The calculation results presented in this paper include the conversion of the reactants and the yields of the reaction products as a function of residence time in the reactor, for different gas mixing ratios. Syngas (i.e. H2 + CO) and higher hydrocarbons (C2Hx) are typically found to be important reaction products.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 38
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/20/2/024008
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“Dimension reduction of non-equilibrium plasma kinetic models using principal component analysis”. Peerenboom K, Parente A, Kozák T, Bogaerts A, Degrez G, Plasma sources science and technology 24, 025004 (2015). http://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/24/2/025004
Abstract: The chemical complexity of non-equilibrium plasmas poses a challenge for plasma modeling because of the computational load. This paper presents a dimension reduction method for such chemically complex plasmas based on principal component analysis (PCA). PCA is used to identify a low-dimensional manifold in chemical state space that is described by a small number of parameters: the principal components. Reduction is obtained since continuity equations only need to be solved for these principal components and not for all the species. Application of the presented method to a CO2 plasma model including state-to-state vibrational kinetics of CO2 and CO demonstrates the potential of the PCA method for dimension reduction. A manifold described by only two principal components is able to predict the CO2 to CO conversion at varying ionization degrees very accurately.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 11
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/24/2/025004
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“The effect of F2 attachment by low-energy electrons on the electron behaviour in an Ar/CF4 inductively coupled plasma”. Zhao S-X, Gao F, Wang Y-N, Bogaerts A, Plasma sources science and technology 21, 025008 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1088/0963-0252/21/2/025008
Abstract: The electron behaviour in an Ar/CF4 inductively coupled plasma is investigated by a Langmuir probe and a hybrid model. The simulated and measured results include electron density, temperature and electron energy distribution function for different values of Ar/CF4 ratio, coil power and gas pressure. The hybrid plasma equipment model simulations show qualitative agreement with experiment. The effect of F2 electron attachment on the electron behaviour is explored by comparing two sets of data based on different F atom boundary conditions. It is demonstrated that electron attachment at F2 molecules is responsible for the depletion of low-energy electrons, causing a density decrease as well as a temperature increase when CF4 is added to an Ar plasma.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 3.302
Times cited: 23
DOI: 10.1088/0963-0252/21/2/025008
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“The effect of O2 in a humid O2/N2/NOx gas mixture on NOx and N2O remediation by an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge”. Teodoru S, Kusano Y, Bogaerts A, Plasma processes and polymers 9, 652 (2012). http://doi.org/10.1002/ppap.201100187
Abstract: A numerical model for NxOy remediation in humid air plasma produced with a dielectric barrier discharge at atmospheric pressure is presented. Special emphasis is given to NO2 and N2O reduction with the decrease of O2 content in the feedstock gas. A detailed reaction mechanism including electronic and ionic processes, as well as the contribution of radicals and excited atomic/molecular species is proposed. The temporal evolution of the densities of NO, NO2 and N2O species, and some other by-products, is analyzed, and the major pathways for the NxOy remediation are discussed for one pulse. Subsequently, simulations are presented for a multi-pulses case, where three O2 contents are tested for optimization of the remediation process. It is found that when the gas mixture O2/N2/H2O/NOx has no initial O2 content, the best NOx and N2O remediation is achieved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
Impact Factor: 2.846
Times cited: 24
DOI: 10.1002/ppap.201100187
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