Home << 1 2 3 >>
List View
 | 
Citations
 | 
Details
   web
Records
Author Vanmeert, F.; De Keyser, N.; van Loon, A.; Klaassen, L.; Noble, P.; Janssens, K.
Title Transmission and reflection mode macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction imaging for the noninvasive visualization of paint degradation in still life paintings by Jan Davidsz. de Heem Type A1 Journal article
Year 2019 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem
Volume 91 Issue (up) 11 Pages 7153-7161
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract The use of noninvasive chemical imaging techniques is becoming more widespread for the study of cultural heritage artifacts. Recently a mobile instrument for macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) scanning was developed, which is capable of visualizing the distribution of crystalline (pigment) phases in quasi-flat-painted artifacts. In this study, MA-XRPD is used in both transmission and reflection mode for the analysis of three 17th century still life paintings, two paintings by Jan Davidsz. de Heem (1606-1684) and one copy painting after De Heem by an unknown artist. MA-XRPD allowed to reveal and map the presence of in situ-formed alteration products. In the works examined, two rare lead arsenate minerals, schultenite (PbHAsO4) and mimetite (Pb-5(AsO4)(3)Cl), were encountered, both at and below the paint surface; they are considered to be degradation products of the pigments realgar (alpha-As4S4) and orpiment (As2S3). In transmission mode, the depletion of lead white, present in the (second) ground layer, could be seen, illustrating the intrusive nature of this degradation process. In reflection mode, several sulfate salts, palmierite (K2Pb(SO4)(2)), syngenite (K2Ca(SO4)(2)center dot H2O), and gypsum (CaSO4 center dot 2H(2)O), could be detected, in particular, at the (top) surface of the copy painting. Estimates for the information depth and sensitivity of both transmission and reflection mode MA-XRPD for various pigments have been made. The possibility of MA-XRPD to allow for noninvasive identification and visualization of alteration products is considered a significant advantage and unique feature of this method. MA-XRPD can thus provide highly relevant information for assessing the conservation state of artworks and could guide possible future restoration treatments.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000470793800031 Publication Date 2019-05-10
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 5 Open Access
Notes ; The authors acknowledge financial support from BELSPO (Brussels) S2-ART and METOX projects, the NWO (The Hague) Science4Arts “ReVisRembrandt” project, and the GOA Project Solarpaint (University of Antwerp Research Council). The authors thank the Rijksmuseum, the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp, and their staff for the collaborations. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:160245 Serial 5882
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Idaszek, J.; Brynk, T.; Jaroszewicz, J.; Vanmeert, F.; Bruinink, A.; Swieszkowski, W.
Title Investigation of mechanical properties of porous composite scaffolds with tailorable degradation kinetics after in vitro degradation using digital image correlation Type A1 Journal article
Year 2017 Publication Polymer composites Abbreviated Journal
Volume 38 Issue (up) 11 Pages 2402-2410
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract Tissue engineering combines artificial scaffolds and living cells in order to reconstruct damaged tissues and organs. The biodegradable scaffolds should maintain their mechanical properties during first stages of the regeneration. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent the degradation affects the mechanical stability of novel biodegradable composite scaffolds in relation to their composition. The scaffolds were made using fused deposition modeling. They were composed of ternary composites containing poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), 5 wt% of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and 5, 15, and 25 wt% of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Scaffolds made of pristine PCL and binary composite PCL-TCP were tested as reference samples. The degradation experiment was carried out in simulated body fluid at 37 degrees C for 12 weeks. Mechanical tests were carried out in a mechanical tester. Strain was measured using digital image correlation and crossbar displacement. Chemical composition had a significant effect on initial mechanical properties and their changes during degradation. The initial apparent Young's modulus of ternary composite scaffolds was two times higher than that of PCL-TCP. Higher PLGA concentration yielded faster decrease of the mechanical properties. At the end of the experiment, there were no significant differences of the modulus among all tested materials although degradation of the ternary composite scaffolds was significantly advanced. (C) 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000415812000008 Publication Date 2015-10-08
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0272-8397 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:147728 Serial 8127
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Rouchon, V.; Pellizzi, E.; Duranton, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.
Title Combining XANES, ICP-AES, and SEM/EDS for the study of phytate chelating treatments used on iron gall ink damaged manuscripts Type A1 Journal article
Year 2011 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal J Anal Atom Spectrom
Volume 26 Issue (up) 12 Pages 2434-2441
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract Many historical documents written with iron gall inks are endangered by the corrosive effects of these inks. In this work, a combination of complementary analytical methods was used for the first time in order to study the phytate process which is used in conservation studios to stabilize damaged manuscripts. This process consists of an antioxidant treatment performed by means of a calcium phytate (CP) solution, followed by a deacidification treatment performed with a calcium carbonate (CC) solution. The antioxidant treatment capitalizes on the properties of myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid (phytic acid) that inhibits iron through chelation. In order to use relatively low acidic solutions, the pH of the CP solution is increased up to values between 5 and 6, which is in the range of the CP precipitation threshold. This study was performed on laboratory samples made of paper impregnated with iron gall ink and artificially aged in climatic chambers. It aims to investigate how the CP precipitate impacts the efficiency of the treatment. Side effects, such as elemental losses and deposits, were measured by means of several analytical techniques (FeK Edge XANES, SEM/EDS, and ICP-AES). These measurements were crosschecked with a ready to use colour spot test made of bathophenanthroline impregnated paper. It appeared that the CP treatment should necessarily be followed by the deacidification treatment in order to achieve long term stability. The precipitation of CP in the treating solution does finally not impact the efficiency of the treatment despite the fact that it should theoretically lower the availability of phytate to chelate iron. A scenario is proposed to explain this point.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000297030400008 Publication Date 2011-10-06
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.379 Times cited 10 Open Access
Notes ; This research was funded by SOLEIL (proposals 20060396 and 20080761) and was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. We are thankful to the paper conservator students of the Institut National du Patrimoine who were involved in some of the sample preparations, and to Dr Dominique Thiaudiere and Dr Solenn Reguer for their assistance and help during the experiments performed at SOLEIL beamline “DIFFABS”. ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:93845 Serial 5527
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Vanmeert, F.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.
Title Plumbonacrite identified by X-ray powder diffraction tomography as a missing link during degradation of red lead in a Van Gogh painting Type A1 Journal article
Year 2015 Publication Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English Abbreviated Journal Angew Chem Int Edit
Volume 54 Issue (up) 12 Pages 3607-3610
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract Red lead, a semiconductor pigment used by artists since antiquity, is known to undergo several discoloration phenomena. These transformations are either described as darkening of the pigment caused by the formation of either plattnerite (β-PbO2) or galena (PbS) or as whitening by which red lead is converted into anglesite (PbSO4) or (hydro)cerussite (2 PbCO3⋅Pb(OH)2; PbCO3). X-ray powder diffraction tomography, a powerful analytical method that allows visualization of the internal distribution of different crystalline compounds in complex samples, was used to investigate a microscopic paint sample from a Van Gogh painting. A very rare lead mineral, plumbonacrite (3 PbCO3⋅ Pb(OH)2⋅PbO), was revealed to be present. This is the first reported occurrence of this compound in a painting dating from before the mid 20th century. It constitutes the missing link between on the one hand the photoinduced reduction of red lead and on the other hand (hydro)cerussite, and thus sheds new light on the whitening of red lead.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000351178300008 Publication Date 2015-02-20
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1433-7851; 0570-0833 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 11.994 Times cited 24 Open Access
Notes ; The authors acknowledge L. Van der Loeff and M. Leeuwestein (Kroller-Muller Museum) for providing the paint sample. We thank Dr. J. Jaroszewicz (WUT) for performing the CT measurements. This research was carried out at the light source PETRA III at DESY, a member of the Helmholtz Association (HGF). We thank Dr. G. Falkenberg and the members of his team for their assistance in using beam line P06. We acknowledge financial support from the University of Antwerp GOA projects “XANES meets EELS” and “SOLARPaint”, as well as from BELSPO (Brussels) Project S2-ART and FWO (Brussels) project “ESRF-Dubble”. ; Approved Most recent IF: 11.994; 2015 IF: 11.261
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:124620 Serial 5774
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Hirayama, A.; Abe, Y.; van Loon, A.; De Keyser, N.; Noble, P.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Tantrakarn, K.; Taniguchi, K.; Nakai, I.
Title Development of a new portable X-ray powder diffractometer and its demonstration to on-site analysis of two selected old master paintings from the Rijksmuseum Type A1 Journal article
Year 2018 Publication Microchemical journal Abbreviated Journal Microchem J
Volume 138 Issue (up) 138 Pages 266-272
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract A portable X-ray powder diffractometer (p-XRD) PT-APXRD III has been developed for onsite analysis of paintings and archaeological samples. By using a Cu anode X-ray tube and a silicon drift diode (SDD) detector, diffraction patterns with a high signalnoise (S/N) ratio can be recorded. The X-ray tube can be operated at a maximum voltage of 60 kV, which makes it possible to simultaneously record X-ray fluorescence spectra up to the high-energy region. The total weight of this instrument is 16 kg, which can be carried anywhere and the goniometer unit (5.6 kg) can be placed on a tripod for analysis of mural paintings. We brought the instrument to the Rijksmuseum in the Netherlands to examine its applicability for the analysis of oil paintings. We successfully analyzed two seventeenthcentury oil paintings by Johannes Vermeer and Jan Davidsz de Heem (copy after). Ultramarine blue, leadtin yellow type I, and Naples yellow were identified from the diffraction patterns, demonstrating the high practicality of this instrument. Furthermore, it was found from the SEM-EDX analysis of a paint cross section that the yellow pigment was applied in separate layers rather than being mixed. This diffractometer will be commercially available in the near future and will have many applications in the field of material analysis. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000428103000030 Publication Date 2018-01-04
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0026-265x; 0026-265x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.034 Times cited 2 Open Access
Notes ; This research was conducted with the support of the JSPS (Tokyo, Japan)-FWO (Brussels, Belgium) bilateral exchange project. ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.034
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:151565 Serial 5575
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Avranovich Clerici, E.; De Meyer, S.; Vanmeert, F.; Legrand, S.; Monico, L.; Miliani, C.; Janssens, K.
Title Multi-scale X-ray imaging of the pigment discoloration processes triggered by chlorine compounds in the Upper Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi Type A1 Journal article
Year 2023 Publication Molecules: a journal of synthetic chemistry and natural product chemistry Abbreviated Journal
Volume 28 Issue (up) 16 Pages 6106-6123
Keywords A1 Journal article; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
Abstract In this paper, the chromatic alteration of various types of paints, present on mural painting fragments derived from the vaults of The Upper Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi in Italy (12th-13th century), is studied using synchrotron radiation. Six painted mural fragments, several square centimeters in size, were available for analysis, originating from the ceiling paintings attributed to Cimabue and Giotto; they correspond to originally white, blue/green, and brown/yellow/orange areas showing discoloration. As well as collecting macroscopic X-ray fluorescence and diffraction maps from the entire fragments in the laboratory and at the SOLEIL synchrotron, corresponding paint cross-sections were also analyzed using microscopic X-ray fluorescence and powder diffraction mapping at the PETRA-III synchrotron. Numerous secondary products were observed on the painted surfaces, such as (a) copper tri-hydroxychloride in green/blue areas; (b) corderoite and calomel in vermillion red/cinnabar-rich paints; (c) plattnerite and/or scrutinyite assumed to be oxidation products of (hydro)cerussite (2PbCO(3)center dot Pb(OH)(2)) in the white areas, and (d) the calcium oxalates whewellite and weddellite. An extensive presence of chlorinated metal salts points to the central role of chlorine-containing compounds during the degradation of the 800-year-old paint, leading to, among other things, the formation of the rare mineral cumengeite (21PbCl(2)center dot 20Cu(OH) (2) center dot 6H(2)O).
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 001056388600001 Publication Date 2023-08-17
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1420-3049 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record
Impact Factor 4.6 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 4.6; 2023 IF: 2.861
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:199265 Serial 8902
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Monico, L.; Janssens, K.; Miliani, C.; Brunetti, B.G.; Vagnini, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Falkenberg, G.; Abakumov, A.; Lu, Y.; Tian, H.; Verbeeck, J.; Radepont, M.; Cotte, M.; Hendriks, E.; Geldof, M.; van der Loeff, L.; Salvant, J.; Menu, M.;
Title Degradation process of lead chromate in paintings by Vincent van Gogh studied by means of spectromicroscopic methods : 3 : synthesis, characterization, and detection of different crystal forms of the chrome yellow pigment Type A1 Journal article
Year 2013 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem
Volume 85 Issue (up) 2 Pages 860-867
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract The painter, Vincent van Gogh, and some of his contemporaries frequently made use of the pigment chrome yellow that is known to show a tendency toward darkening. This pigment may correspond to various chemical compounds such as PbCrO4 and PbCr1-xSxO4, that may each be present in various crystallographic forms with different tendencies toward degradation. Investigations by X-ray diffraction (XRD), mid-Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), and Raman instruments (benchtop and portable) and synchrotron radiation-based micro-XRD and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy performed on oil-paint models, prepared with in-house synthesized PbCrO4 and PbCr1-xSxO4, permitted us to characterize the spectroscopic features of the various forms. On the basis of these results, an extended study has been carried out on historic paint tubes and on embedded paint microsamples taken from yellow-orange/pale yellow areas of 12 Van Gogh paintings, demonstrating that Van Gogh effectively made use of different chrome yellow types. This conclusion was also confirmed by in situ mid-FTIR investigations on Van Goghs Portrait of Gauguin (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam).
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Washington, D.C. Editor
Language Wos 000313668400031 Publication Date 2012-10-10
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-2700;1520-6882; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 79 Open Access
Notes Goa; Fwo Approved Most recent IF: 6.32; 2013 IF: 5.825
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:108707UA @ admin @ c:irua:108707 Serial 631
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Odin, G.P.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Lelièvre, H.; Mertz, J.-D.; Rouchon, V.
Title Accelerated ageing of shales of palaeontological interest : impact of temperature conditions Type A1 Journal article
Year 2014 Publication Annales de paléontologie Abbreviated Journal Ann Paleontol
Volume 100 Issue (up) 2 Pages 137-149
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract The palaeontological collections of the Muséum national dHistoire naturelle (MNHN, Paris, France) and the Muséum dHistoire naturelle dAutun (MHNA, Autun, France) include many fossil specimens originating from the argillaceous shales of the Autun basin (Saône-et-Loire, France). These fossils are preserved within sedimentary rocks containing unstable sulphide compounds, such as pyrite, which may deteriorate in contact with water and oxygen. This alteration provokes crystalline efflorescence and cracks, thus compromising the preservations of the fossils. This work constitutes the first step of a project that aims to understand the mechanisms of alteration of these materials in order to define conservation guidelines for palaeontological collections. For this purpose, eight damaged specimens originating from the Permian Autun basin (Saône-et-Loire, France) were selected and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM/EDS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy at the threshold of the sulphur Kα-edge (XANES). This methodology enabled the characterization of the matrices composition and the chemical nature of the alterations. Subsequently, we have sought to reproduce by artificial ageing the alteration phenomena encountered in the collections. New shale samples were collected on seven outcrops of the same Autun basin. They were analyzed and subjected to artificial ageing at 50% relative humidity (RH) and at temperatures ranging between 40 °C and 90 °C. Our work shows that damaged specimens and newly collected shale have a similar mineralogical composition. Yet the crystalline efflorescence material formed on the surface of damaged specimens belongs to the iron sulphate group whereas gypsum predominates on artificially aged shale samples. Reproducing the alterations observed on specimens by artificial ageing remains therefore problematic. Additionally, it appears that the temperature of ageing controls the nature of the damage: at 40 °C, many samples are mechanically damaged whereas no or minor crystalline efflorescence occurs. At 90 °C, it is the opposite tendency that is observed. Finally, mechanical damages do not seem to be correlated with the development of the efflorescence: samples with efflorescent crystals generally do not show clearly visible cracks; those that seem most fragmented do not show any visible efflorescence.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000338607500006 Publication Date 2014-01-24
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0753-3969 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.113 Times cited 5 Open Access
Notes ; This work is part of a PhD that is funded by the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France and was additionally supported via the S2-ART project (SDD programme of BELSPO, Brussels). The research was realized in partnership with the Palaeontological Collection Management Unit, Collection Department and with the Centre de Recherche sur la Paleodiversite et les Paleoenvironnements (CR2P, CNRS, UMR7207) of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. We are grateful to our colleagues MM. Jean Dejax and Dominique Chabard who provided palaeontological specimens and gave us access to shale deposits and Mrs Marie-Madeleine Blanc-Valleron who was of great help for the interpretation of the XRD data. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.113; 2014 IF: 0.970
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:116594 Serial 5456
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author da Pieve, F.; Hogan, C.; Lamoen, D.; Verbeeck, J.; Vanmeert, F.; Radepont, M.; Cotte, M.; Janssens, K.; Gonze, X.; Van Tendeloo, G.
Title Casting light on the darkening of colors in historical paintings Type A1 Journal article
Year 2013 Publication Physical review letters Abbreviated Journal Phys Rev Lett
Volume 111 Issue (up) 20 Pages 208302-208305
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract The degradation of colors in historical paintings affects our cultural heritage in both museums and archeological sites. Despite intensive experimental studies, the origin of darkening of one of the most ancient pigments known to humankind, vermilion (α-HgS), remains unexplained. Here, by combining many-body theoretical spectroscopy and high-resolution microscopic x-ray diffraction, we clarify the composition of the damaged paint work and demonstrate possible physicochemical processes, induced by illumination and exposure to humidity and air, that cause photoactivation of the original pigment and the degradation of the secondary minerals. The results suggest a new path for the darkening process which was never considered by previous studies and prompt a critical examination of their findings.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor
Language Wos 000327244500003 Publication Date 2013-11-15
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0031-9007;1079-7114; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 8.462 Times cited 30 Open Access
Notes Vortex; ERC FP7; COUNTATOMS; ECASJO_; Approved Most recent IF: 8.462; 2013 IF: 7.728
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:111396UA @ admin @ c:irua:111396 Serial 287
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Monico, L.; Cartechini, L.; Rosi, F.; Chieli, A.; Grazia, C.; De Meyer, S.; Nuyts, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.; Cotte, M.; De Nolf, W.; Falkenberg, G.; Sandu, I.C.A.; Tveit, E.S.; Mass, J.; De Freitas, R.P.; Romani, A.; Miliani, C.
Title Probing the chemistry of CdS paints in The Scream by in situ noninvasive spectroscopies and synchrotron radiation x-ray techniques Type A1 Journal article
Year 2020 Publication Science Advances Abbreviated Journal
Volume 6 Issue (up) 20 Pages eaay3514
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract The degradation of cadmium sulfide (CdS)-based oil paints is a phenomenon potentially threatening the iconic painting The Scream (ca. 1910) by Edvard Munch (Munch Museum, Oslo) that is still poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence for the presence of cadmium sulfate and sulfites as alteration products of the original CdS-based paint and explore the external circumstances and internal factors causing this transformation. Macroscale in situ noninvasive spectroscopy studies of the painting in combination with synchrotron-radiation x-ray microspectroscopy investigations of a microsample and artificially aged mock-ups show that moisture and mobile chlorine compounds are key factors for promoting the oxidation of CdS, while light (photodegradation) plays a less important role. Furthermore, under exposure to humidity, parallel/secondary reactions involving dissolution, migration through the paint, and recrystallization of water-soluble phases of the paint are associated with the formation of cadmium sulfates.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000533573300009 Publication Date 2020-05-16
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2375-2548 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 13.6 Times cited 4 Open Access
Notes ; The research was financially supported by the European research project IPERION-CH, funded by the European Commission, H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015 (grant agreement no. 654028); the project AMIS, within the program Dipartimenti di Eccellenza 2018-2022 (funded by MIUR and University of Perugia); and the program “Ricerca di Base 2017” (funded by University of Perugia). S.D.M. and K.J. acknowledge the GOA Project SolarPaint from the University of Antwerp Research Council and projects G056619N and G054719N from FWO (Brussels). F.V. and K.J. acknowledge support from Interreg Project Smart*Light and thank BELSPO (Brussels) for financial support via FED-tWIN mandate PRF055. L.M. acknowledges the Erasmus+ program (Staff Mobility for training, A. Y. 2018 to 2019) of the European Commission. In situ noninvasive analyses were performed using the European MOLAB platform, which is financially supported by the European project IPERION-CH. For the beamtime grants received, the authors thank the ESRF-ID21 beamline (experiment nos. HG32, HG64, and HG95), DESY-P06 beamline, a member of the Helmholtz Association HGF (experiment nos. I-20130221 EC and I-20160126 EC), and the project CALIPSOplus under the Grant Agreement 730872 from the EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation HORIZON 2020. ; Approved Most recent IF: 13.6; 2020 IF: NA
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:169519 Serial 6585
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Monico, L.; Cotte, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Amidani, L.; Janssens, K.; Nuyts, G.; Garrevoet, J.; Falkenberg, G.; Glatzel, P.; Romani, A.; Miliani, C.
Title Damages induced by synchrotron radiation-based X-ray microanalysis in chrome yellow paints and related Cr-compounds : assessment, quantification, and mitigation strategies Type A1 Journal article
Year 2020 Publication Analytical Chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem
Volume 92 Issue (up) 20 Pages 14164-14173
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract Synchrotron radiation (SR)-based X-ray methods are powerful analytical tools for several purposes. They are widely used to probe the degradation mechanisms of inorganic artists' pigments in paintings, including chrome yellows (PbCr1-xSxO4; 0 <= x <= 0.8), a class of compounds often found in Van Gogh masterpieces. However, the high intensity and brightness of SR beams raise important issues regarding the potential damage inflicted on the analyzed samples. A thorough knowledge of the SR X-ray sensitivity of each class of pigment in the painting matrix is therefore required to find analytical strategies that seek to minimize the damage for preserving the integrity of the analyzed samples and to avoid data misinterpretation. Here, we employ a combination of Cr K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, Cr-K-beta X-ray emission spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to monitor and quantify the effects of SR X-rays on the stability of chrome yellows and related Cr compounds and to define mitigation strategies. We found that the SR X-ray beam exposure induces changes in the oxidation state and local coordination environment of Cr ions and leads to a loss of the compound's crystalline structure. The extent of X-ray damage depends on some intrinsic properties of the samples (chemical composition of the pigment and the presence/absence and nature of the binder). It can be minimized by optimizing the overall fluence/dose released to the samples and by working in vacuum and under cryogenic conditions.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000584418100072 Publication Date 2020-09-21
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 7.4 Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 7.4; 2020 IF: 6.32
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:174363 Serial 7754
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Cagno, S.; Brede, D.A.; Nuyts, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Pacureanu, A.; Tucoulou, R.; Cloetens, P.; Falkenberg, G.; Janssens, K.; Salbu, B.; Lind, O.C.
Title Combined computed nanotomography and nanoscopic x-ray fluorescence imaging of cobalt nanoparticles in caenorhabditis elegans Type A1 Journal article
Year 2017 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem
Volume 89 Issue (up) 21 Pages 11435-11442
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract Synchrotron radiation phase-contrast computed nanotomography (nano-CT) and two-and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) nanoscopic X-ray fluorescence (nano-XRF) were used to investigate the internal distribution of engineered-cobalt nanoparticles (Co NPs) in exposed individuals of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Whole-nematodes and selected tissues and organs were 3D-rendered: anatomical 3D renderings with 50 nm voxel size enabled the visualization of spherical nanoparticle aggregates. with size tip to 200 nm within intact C. elegans. A 20 X 37 nm(2) high-brilliance beam was employed to obtain XRF elemental distribution maps of entire nematodes or anatomical details such as embryos, which could be compared with the CT data, These maps showed Co NPs to be predominantly present within the intestine and the epithelium, and they were not colocalized with Zn granules found in the lysosonie-containing vesicles or Fe agglomerates in the intestine. Iterated XRF scanning of a specimen at 0 degrees and 90 degrees angles suggested that NP aggregates were translocated into tissues outside of the intestinal lumen. Virtual-slicing by means of 2D XRF tomography, combined with holotomography, indicated presumable presence of individual NP aggregates inside the uterus and within embryos.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000414887000041 Publication Date 2017-10-10
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 13 Open Access
Notes ; This study has been funded by the Norwegian Research Council through its Centre of Excellence (CoE) funding scheme (Project 223268/F50). We gratefully acknowledge ESRF and DESY for granting beamtime and Karl Andreas Jensen for performing ICPMS analysis. We thank Erica Maremonti for supplying the phase-contrast image used in Figure ^1A. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:147383 Serial 5520
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Monico, L.; Janssens, K.; Vanmeert, F.; Cotte, M.; Brunetti, B.G.; van der Snickt, G.; Leeuwestein, M.; Plisson, J.S.; Menu, M.; Miliani, C.
Title Degradation process of lead chromate in paintings by Vincent van Gogh studied by means of spectromicroscopic methods : part 5 : effects of nonoriginal surface coatings into the nature and distribution of chromium and sulfur species in chrome yellow paints Type A1 Journal article
Year 2014 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem
Volume 86 Issue (up) 21 Pages 10804-10811
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract The darkening of lead chromate yellow pigments, caused by a reduction of the chromate ions to Cr(III) compounds, is known to affect the appearance of several paintings by Vincent van Gogh. In previous papers of this series, we demonstrated that the darkening is activated by light and depends on the chemical composition and crystalline structure of the pigments. In this work, the results of Part 2 are extended and complemented with a new study aimed at deepening the knowledge of the nature and distribution of Cr and S species at the interface between the chrome yellow paint and the nonoriginal coating layer. For this purpose, three microsamples from two varnished paintings by Van Gogh and a waxed low relief by Gauguin (all originally uncoated) have been examined. Because nonoriginal coatings are often present in artwork by Van Gogh and contemporaries, the understanding of whether or not their application has influenced the morphological and/or physicochemical properties of the chrome yellow paint underneath is relevant in view of the conservation of these masterpieces. In all the samples studied, microscopic X-ray fluorescence (mu-XRF) and X-ray absorption near edge structure (mu-XANES) investigations showed that Cr(III)-based alteration products are present in the form of grains inside the coating (generally enriched of S species) and also homogeneously widespread at the paint surface. The distribution of Cr(III) species may be explained by the mechanical friction caused by the coating application by brush that picked up and redistributed the superficial Cr compounds, likely already present in the reduced state as result of the photodegradation process. The analysis of the XANES profiles allowed us to obtain new insights into the nature of the Cr(III) alteration products, that were identified as sulfate-, oxide-, organo-metal-, and chloride-based compounds. Building upon the knowledge acquired through the examination of original paint samples and from the investigation of aged model paints in the last Part 4 paper, in this study we aim to characterize a possible relation between the chemical composition of the coating and the chrome yellow degradation pathways by studying photochemically aged model samples covered with a dammar varnish contaminated with sulfide and sulfate salts. Cr speciation results did not show any evidence of the active role of the varnish and added S species on the reduction process of chrome yellows.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000344510200043 Publication Date 2014-10-10
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 25 Open Access
Notes ; This research was supported by the Italian projects PRIN (SICH) and PON (ITACHA). The text also presents results from Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme Belgian Science Policy (S2-ART project S4DA), GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. ESRF is acknowledged for the grants received (experiments EC-799 and EC-1051). L.M. acknowledges the CNR for the financial support received in the framework of the Short Term Mobility Programme 2013. Thanks are expressed to Ella Hendriks (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam) and Muriel Geldof (Cultural Heritage Agency of The Netherlands) for selecting and sharing the information on the cross-section taken from Bank of the Seine. All the staff of the Van Gogh Museum, the Kroller-Muller Museum, and the Musee d'Orsay are acknowledged for the agreeable cooperation. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32; 2014 IF: 5.636
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:122100 Serial 5570
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Dik, J.; de Nolf, W.; Vanmeert, F.; Jaroszewicz, J.; Cotte, M.; Falkenberg, G.; Van der Loeff, L.
Title Combined use of synchrotron radiation based micro-X-ray fluorescence, micro-X-ray diffraction, micro-X-ray absorption near-edge, and micro-fourier transform infrared spectroscopies for revealing an alternative degradation pathway of the pigment cadmium yellow in a painting by Van Gogh Type A1 Journal article
Year 2012 Publication Analytical chemistry Abbreviated Journal Anal Chem
Volume 84 Issue (up) 23 Pages 10221-10228
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract Over the past years a number of studies have described the instability of the pigment cadmium yellow (CdS). In a previous paper we have shown how cadmium sulfide on paintings by James Ensor oxidizes to CdSO4 center dot H2O. The degradation process gives rise to the fading of the bright yellow color and the formation of disfiguring white crystals that are present on the paint surface in approximately 50 mu m sized globular agglomerations. Here, we study cadmium yellow in the painting “Flowers in a blue vase” by Vincent van Gogh. This painting differs from the Ensor case in the fact that (a) a varnish was superimposed onto the degraded paint surface and (b) the CdS paint area is entirely covered with an opaque crust. The latter obscures the yellow color completely and thus presents a seemingly more advanced state of degradation. Analysis of a cross-sectioned and a crushed sample by combining scanning microscopic X-ray diffraction (mu-XRD), microscopic X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (mu-XANES), microscopic X-ray fluorescence (mu-XRF) based chemical state mapping and scanning microscopic Fourier transform infrared (mu-FT-IR) spectrometry allowed unravelling the complex alteration pathway. Although no crystalline CdSO4 compounds were identified on the Van Gogh paint samples, we conclude that the observed degradation was initially caused by oxidation of the original CdS pigment, similar as for the previous Ensor case. However, due to the presence of an overlying varnish containing lead-based driers and oxalate ions, secondary reactions took place. In particular, it appears that upon the photoinduced oxidation of its sulfidic counterion, the Cd2+ ions reprecipitated at the paint/varnish interface after having formed a complex with oxalate ions that themselves are considered to be degradation products of the resin and/or oil in the varnish. The SO42- anions, for their part, found a suitable reaction partner in Pb2+ ions stemming from a dissolved lead-based siccative that was added to the varnish to promote its drying. The resulting opaque anglesite compound in the varnish, in combination with the underlying CdC2O4 layer at the paint/varnish interface, account for the orange-gray crust that is disfiguring the painting on a macroscopic level. In this way, the results presented in this paper demonstrate how, through a judicious combined use of several microanalytical methods with speciation capabilities, many new insights can be obtained from two minute, but highly complex and heterogeneous paint samples.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000311815300013 Publication Date 2012-08-30
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-2700; 5206-882x ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 6.32 Times cited 59 Open Access
Notes ; This research was supported by BELSPO via the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme (IUAP VI/16) and the S2-ART project (SD/RI/04A) and funded by Grants from the ESRF (EC-442) and PETRA-III (I-20120312 EC). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) project nos. G.0103.04, G.0689.06, and G.0704.08. The staff of the Kroller-Muller Museum and painting conservators Margje Leeuwestein and Esther Van Duijn are acknowledged for this pleasant cooperation and the authorization for the publication of the images in this article. ; Approved Most recent IF: 6.32; 2012 IF: 5.695
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:105971 Serial 5526
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author De Keyser, N.; Broers, F.; Vanmeert, F.; De Meyer, S.; Gabrieli, F.; Hermens, E.; van der Snickt, G.; Janssens, K.; Keune, K.
Title Reviving degraded colors of yellow flowers in 17th century still life paintings with macro- and microscale chemical imaging Type A1 Journal article
Year 2022 Publication Science Advances Abbreviated Journal
Volume 8 Issue (up) 23 Pages 1-12
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
Abstract Over time, artist pigments are prone to degradation, which can decrease the readability of the artwork or notably change the artist's intention. In this article, the visual implication of secondary degradation products in a degraded yellow rose in a still life painting by A. Mignon is discussed as a case study. A multimodal combination of chemical and optical imaging techniques, including noninvasive macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction (MA-XRPD) and macroscopic x-ray fluorescence imaging, allowed us to gain a 3D understanding of the transformation of the original intended appearance of the rose into its current degraded state. MA-XRPD enabled us to precisely correlate in situ formed products with what is optically visible on the surface and demonstrated that the precipitated lead arsenates and arsenolite from the yellow pigment orpiment and the light-induced fading of an organic yellow lake irreversibly changed the artist's intentional light-shadow modeling.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000811556500011 Publication Date 2022-06-08
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2375-2548 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 13.6 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 13.6
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:189657 Serial 7205
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Vanmeert, F.; Hendriks, E.; van der Snickt, G.; Monico, L.; Dik, J.; Janssens, K.
Title Chemical Mapping by Macroscopic X-ray Powder Diffraction (MA-XRPD) of Van Gogh's Sunflowers : identification of areas with higher degradation risk Type A1 Journal article
Year 2018 Publication Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English Abbreviated Journal Angew Chem Int Edit
Volume 57 Issue (up) 25 Pages 7418-7422
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract The discoloration rate of chrome yellow (CY), a class of synthetic inorganic pigments (PbCr1-xSxO4) frequently used by Van Gogh and his contemporaries, strongly depends on its sulfate content and on its crystalline structure (either monoclinic or orthorhombic). Macroscopic X-Ray powder diffraction imaging of selected areas on Van Gogh's Sunflowers (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam) revealed the presence of two subtypes of CY: the light-fast monoclinic PbCrO4 (LF-CY) and the light-sensitive monoclinic PbCr1-xSxO4 (x approximate to 0.5; LS-CY). The latter was encountered in large parts of the painting (e.g., in the pale-yellow background and the bright-yellow petals, but also in the green stems and flower hearts), thus indicating their higher risk for past or future darkening. Overall, it is present in more than 50% of the CY regions. Preferred orientation of LS-CY allows observation of a significant ordering of the elongated crystallites along the direction of Van Gogh's brush strokes.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000434949200023 Publication Date 2018-03-02
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1433-7851; 0570-0833 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 11.994 Times cited 10 Open Access
Notes ; The authors acknowledge financial support from BELSPO (Brussels) S2-ART, the NWO (The Hague) Science4Arts “ReVisRembrandt” project, the GOA Project Solarpaint (University of Antwerp Research Council), and the Interreg Smart*Light project. Raman analyses were performed using the European MOLAB platform, which is financially supported by the Horizon 2020 Programme (IPERION CH Grant 654028). The authors thank the staff of the Van Gogh Museum for their collaboration. ; Approved Most recent IF: 11.994
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:153185 Serial 5517
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Gonzalez, V.; Cotte, M.; Vanmeert, F.; de Nolf, W.; Janssens, K.
Title X-ray diffraction mapping for cultural heritage science : a review of experimental configurations and applications Type A1 Journal article
Year 2019 Publication Chemistry: a European journal Abbreviated Journal Chem-Eur J
Volume 26 Issue (up) 26 Pages 1703-1719
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract X-ray diffraction (XRD) mapping consists in the acquisition of XRD patterns at each pixel (or voxel) of an area (or volume). The spatial resolution ranges from the micrometer (mu XRD) to the millimeter (MA-XRD) scale, making the technique relevant for tiny samples up to large objects. Although XRD is primarily used for the identification of different materials in (complex) mixtures, additional information regarding the crystallite size, their orientation, and their in-depth distribution can also be obtained. Through mapping, these different types of information can be located on the studied sample/object. Cultural heritage objects are usually highly heterogeneous, and contain both original and later (degradation, conservation) materials. Their structural characterization is required both to determine ancient manufacturing processes and to evaluate their conservation state. Together with other mapping techniques, XRD mapping is increasingly used for these purposes. Here, the authors review applications as well as the various configurations for XRD mapping (synchrotron/laboratory X-ray source, poly-/monochromatic beam, micro/macro beam, 2D/3D, transmission/reflection mode). On-going hardware and software developments will further establish the technique as a key tool in heritage science.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000501927300001 Publication Date 2019-10-14
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0947-6539 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 5.317 Times cited Open Access
Notes ; M.C. thanks the KNAW for supporting her stays in the Netherlands through the Descartes Huygens price. V.G. and M.C. thank the Center of Research and Restoration of French Museums (C2RMF), Paris and in particular Myriam Eveno, for the collaboration on Rembrandt's impastos (Figure 7). M.C. is indebted to the Afghan government, NRICPT and in particular, Yoko Taniguchi for providing samples shown in Figure 5. K.J. and F.V. acknowledge the University of Antwerp Research Council for financial support via GOA project SolarPaint as well as InterReg project Smart*Light. FWO projects G057419N and G056619N are also acknowledged. The authors also wish to acknowledge the Van Gogh and Kroller-Muller museums, the Rijksmuseum, the Royal Museum of Fine Arts Antwerp and the Louvre museum for the constructive and inspiring collaborations in the past decade. Various beam lines and the staff at ESRF and DESY are thanked for providing beam time and support during experiments. ; Approved Most recent IF: 5.317
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:165061 Serial 5911
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Peeters, H.; Keulemans, M.; Nuyts, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Li, C.; Minjauw, M.; Detavernier, C.; Bals, S.; Lenaerts, S.; Verbruggen, S.W.
Title Plasmonic gold-embedded TiO2 thin films as photocatalytic self-cleaning coatings Type A1 Journal article
Year 2020 Publication Applied Catalysis B-Environmental Abbreviated Journal Appl Catal B-Environ
Volume 267 Issue (up) 267 Pages 118654
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Abstract Transparent photocatalytic TiO2 thin films hold great potential in the development of self-cleaning glass sur-

faces, but suffer from a poor visible light response that hinders the application under actual sunlight. To alleviate this problem, the photocatalytic film can be modified with plasmonic nanoparticles that interact very effectively with visible light. Since the plasmonic effect is strongly concentrated in the near surroundings of the nano- particle surface, an approach is presented to embed the plasmonic nanostructures in the TiO2 matrix itself, rather than deposit them loosely on the surface. This way the interaction interface is maximised and the plasmonic effect can be fully exploited. In this study, pre-fabricated gold nanoparticles are made compatible with the organic medium of a TiO2 sol-gel coating suspension, resulting in a one-pot coating suspension. After spin coating, homogeneous, smooth, highly transparent and photoactive gold-embedded anatase thin films are ob- tained.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000518865300002 Publication Date 2020-01-18
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0926-3373 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 22.1 Times cited 57 Open Access OpenAccess
Notes H.P. is grateful to the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) for an aspirant PhD scholarship. Approved Most recent IF: 22.1; 2020 IF: 9.446
Call Number EMAT @ emat @c:irua:165616 Serial 5446
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Odin, G.P.; Vanmeert, F.; Farges, F.; Gand, G.; Janssens, K.; Romero-Sarmiento, M.-F.; Steyer, J.S.; Vantelon, D.; Rouchon, V.
Title Alteration of fossil-bearing shale (Autun, France; Permian), part II : monitoring artificial and natural ageing by combined use of S and Ca K-edge XANES analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and FTIR analysis Type A1 Journal article
Year 2015 Publication Annales de paléontologie Abbreviated Journal Ann Paleontol
Volume 101 Issue (up) 3 Pages 225-239
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract Fossil-bearing shale specimens that include sulfides in their compositions are chemically reactive and sometimes also mechanically fragile. This decay is often related to iron sulfate efflorescence resulting from the oxidation of sulfide compounds. The processes underlying these degradations are poorly known, thus impeding the elaboration of curative or preventive treatments. The present contribution aims to identify the origin of museum specimen alterations. It focuses on the Flouest collection housed at the Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN, Paris, France) and originating from the Autun Basin (Saone-et-Loire, France, Permian). To evaluate the alteration of MNHN specimens, it appeared necessary to compare their composition with that of unaltered shale so as to identify chemical changes occurring during ageing. Therefore, new material was collected in the Autun Basin, among others on the locality of Muse that corresponds to the same lithostratigraphic unit as that of the MNHN specimens. This material was, if necessary, artificially aged. The first part of this work, presented elsewhere, deals with the use of Xray diffraction and Mossbauer spectroscopy for characterizing iron reactivity and speciation. It leads to the conclusion that the reactivity of iron in the shale matrix was limited and could not account for the large efflorescence of iron (II) sulfate occurring nearby the fossil. The second part presented here focuses on the use of S K-edge X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy for characterizing sulfur speciation and reactivity. Measurements were performed on the shale matrix and on thin layers of maceral found in the proximity of damaged areas. As sulfur may be found in association with calcium or organic matter, complementary techniques were implemented, such as FTIR spectroscopy, Rock-Eval pyrolysis (characterization of organic matter content) and Ca K-edge XANES (analysis of calcium speciation) spectroscopy. It was shown that sulfur is mainly related to thioether, sulfoxide, iron sulfide, and sulfates whereas calcium is mainly bound to carboxylate, carbonate and/or sulfate groups. FTIR analysis of the macerals confirmed the presence of vitrinite on damaged MNHN specimens. The low oxygen content of new shale samples determined by Rock-Eval pyrolysis indicates that the organic matter is well preserved, despite the fact that samples come from outcrop surface. In the newly collected material, sulfur is mainly related to organic sulfides (thioether) with a minor occurrence of iron sulfide. In the shale fraction of damaged MNHN specimens, sulfur is mostly oxidized into a mixture of iron and calcium sulfate. However, in the vitrinite layers of the same specimens, a large proportion of sulfur corresponds to organic sulfides. Also the oxidation of sulfur does not occur homogeneously but preferentially in the shale fraction, probably because this latter is porous whereas vitrinite is not. Artificial ageing of new shale material showed that the oxidation of organic sulfides could be reproduced at 90 degrees C, 80% of relative humidity. However, the obtained efflorescence almost exclusively corresponds to calcium sulfate whereas iron (II) sulfates are mostly observed on MNHN specimens. The new material collected on site is probably to be questioned, and future studies will have to select new samples with fossil remains. This will be the object of the third part of this work. (C) 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000363821700009 Publication Date 2015-05-09
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0753-3969 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.113 Times cited 6 Open Access
Notes ; This work was conducted within a PhD work that was supported by a doctoral school grant of the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris, France. We acknowledge SOLEIL for provision of synchrotron radiation facilities (Proposals ID “20130462” and “20110189”) and we would like to thank Nicolas Trcera, Pierre Lagarde and Anne Marie Flanck for assistance in using beamline LUCIA. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.113; 2015 IF: 0.970
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:129523 Serial 5462
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Monico, L.; Janssens, K.; Alfeld, M.; Cotte, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Ryan, C.G.; Falkenberg, G.; Howard, D.L.; Brunetti, B.G.; Miliani, C.
Title Full spectral XANES imaging using the Maia detector array as a new tool for the study of the alteration process of chrome yellow pigments in paintings by Vincent van Gogh Type A1 Journal article
Year 2015 Publication Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry Abbreviated Journal J Anal Atom Spectrom
Volume 30 Issue (up) 3 Pages 613-626
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract A combination of synchrotron radiation (SR) micro X-ray fluorescence (m-XRF) and XRF mode X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) measurements at the Cr K-edge already allowed us to establish that the photo-reduction of chromates to Cr(III) compounds is the cause of darkening of chrome yellow pigments (PbCr1-xSxO4, 0 <= x <= 0.8) in a number of paintings by Vincent van Gogh and in corresponding artificially aged paint models. A silicon drift detector (SDD) was employed to record the Cr-K XRF radiation in these X-ray micro beam-based measurements. However, in view of the limited count rate capabilities and collection solid angle of a single device, m-XRF and m-XANES employing single element SDDs (or similar) are primarily suited for collection of spectral data from individual points. Additionally, collection of XRF maps via point-by-point scanning with relatively long dwell times per point is possible but is usually confined to small areas. The development of the 384 silicon-diode array Maia XRF detector has provided valuable solutions in terms of data acquisition rate, allowing for full spectral (FS) XANES imaging in XRF mode, i.e., where spectroscopic information is available at each pixel in the scanned map. In this paper, the possibilities of SR Cr K-edge FS-XANES imaging in XRF mode using the Maia detector are examined as a new data collection strategy to study the speciation and distribution of alteration products of lead chromate-based pigments in painting materials. The results collected from two micro-samples taken from two Van Gogh paintings and an aged paint model show the possibility to perform FS-XANES imaging in practical time frames (from several minutes to a few hours) by scanning regions of sample sizes of the same order (more than 500 mm). The sensitivity and capabilities of FS-XANES imaging in providing representative chemical speciation information at the microscale (spatial resolution from similar to 2 to 0.6 mm) over the entire scanned area are demonstrated by the identification of Cr(OH) 3, Cr(III) sulfates and/or Cr(III) organometallic compounds in the corresponding phase maps, as alteration products. Comparable Cr-speciation results were obtained by performing equivalent higher spatial resolution SR m-XRF/single-point m-XANES analysis using a more conventional SDD from smaller regions of interest of each sample. Thus, large-area XRF mode FS-XANES imaging (Maia detector) is here proposed as a valuable and complementary data collection strategy in relation to “ zoomed-in” high-resolution m-XRF mapping and single-point m-XANES analysis (SDD).
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000350650800006 Publication Date 2014-12-17
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0267-9477 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 3.379 Times cited 28 Open Access
Notes ; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme – Belgian Science Policy (S2-ART project S4DA), GOA “SOLARPAINT” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and FWO (Brussels, Belgium) project no. G.0C12.13, G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. Support from the Italian projects PRIN (SICH Sustainability in Cultural Heritage: from diagnosis to the development of innovative system for consolidation, cleaning and protection) and PON (ITACHA Italian advanced technologies for cultural heritage applications) is also acknowledged. For the grants received thanks are expressed to ESRF (experiments EC-799, EC-1051) and DESY (experiment H-20000043). Part of this research was undertaken at the XFM beamline at the Australian Synchrotron, Victoria, Australia (experiment M4604). LM acknowledges the CNR for the financial support received in the framework of the Short Term Mobility Programme 2013. Thanks are expressed to Ella Hendriks (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam), Muriel Geldof (Cultural Heritage Agency of The Netherlands) and Margje Leeuwestein (Kroller-Muller Museum, Otterlo) for selecting and sharing the information on the cross-section taken from the paintings The Bedroom and Falling Leaves (Les Alyscamps). All the staff of the Van Gogh Museum and the Kroller-Muller Museum are acknowledged for their agreeable cooperation. ; Approved Most recent IF: 3.379; 2015 IF: 3.466
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:125475 Serial 5628
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author de Nolf, W.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K.
Title XRDUA : crystalline phase distribution maps by two-dimensional scanning and tomographic (micro) X-ray powder diffraction Type A1 Journal article
Year 2014 Publication Journal of applied crystallography Abbreviated Journal
Volume 47 Issue (up) 3 Pages 1107-1117
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract Imaging of crystalline phase distributions in heterogeneous materials, either plane projected or in virtual cross sections of the object under investigation, can be achieved by scanning X-ray powder diffraction employing X-ray micro beams and X-ray-sensitive area detectors. Software exists to convert the two-dimensional powder diffraction patterns that are recorded by these detectors to one-dimensional diffractograms, which may be analysed by the broad variety of powder diffraction software developed by the crystallography community. However, employing these tools for the construction of crystalline phase distribution maps proves to be very difficult, especially when employing micro-focused X-ray beams, as most diffraction software tools have mainly been developed having structure solution in mind and are not suitable for phase imaging purposes. XRDUA has been developed to facilitate the execution of the complete sequence of data reduction and interpretation steps required to convert large sequences of powder diffraction patterns into a limited set of crystalline phase maps in an integrated fashion.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000336738500031 Publication Date 2014-05-28
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-8898 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited 62 Open Access
Notes ; The authors would like to thank the synchrotron beamline staff at ID15 (ESRF, Grenoble, France), MicroXAS (SLS, Villigen, Switzerland) and PO6/BL-L (Petra III/Hasylab, Hamburg, Germany) for accommodating the experiments presented in this paper. Support from FWO 'Big Science' project G0C1213N as well as from the BELSPO project 'S2ART' (SD/RI/04A) is acknowledged. ; Approved Most recent IF: NA
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:117758 Serial 5920
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Pouyet, E.; Cotte, M.; Fayard, B.; Salome, M.; Meirer, F.; Mehta, A.; Uffelman, E.S.; Hull, A.; Vanmeert, F.; Kieffer, J.; Burghammer, M.; Janssens, K.; Sette, F.; Mass, J.
Title 2D X-ray and FTIR micro-analysis of the degradation of cadmium yellow pigment in paintings of Henri Matisse Type A1 Journal article
Year 2015 Publication Applied physics A : materials science & processing Abbreviated Journal
Volume 121 Issue (up) 3 Pages 967-980
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract The chemical and physical alterations of cadmium yellow (CdS) paints in Henri Matisse's The Joy of Life (1905-1906, The Barnes Foundation) have been recognized since 2006, when a survey by portable X-ray fluorescence identified this pigment in all altered regions of the monumental painting. This alteration is visible as fading, discoloration, chalking, flaking, and spalling of several regions of light to medium yellow paint. Since that time, synchrotron radiation-based techniques including elemental and spectroscopic imaging, as well as X-ray scattering have been employed to locate and identify the alteration products observed in this and related works by Henri Matisse. This information is necessary to formulate one or multiple mechanisms for degradation of Matisse's paints from this period, and thus ensure proper environmental conditions for the storage and the display of his works. This paper focuses on 2D full-field X-ray Near Edge Structure imaging, 2D micro-X-ray Diffraction, X-ray Fluorescence, and Fourier Transform Infra-red imaging of the altered paint layers to address one of the long-standing questions about cadmium yellow alteration-the roles of cadmium carbonates and cadmium sulphates found in the altered paint layers. These compounds have often been assumed to be photo-oxidation products, but could also be residual starting reagents from an indirect wet process synthesis of CdS. The data presented here allow identifying and mapping the location of cadmium carbonates, cadmium chlorides, cadmium oxalates, cadmium sulphates, and cadmium sulphides in thin sections of altered cadmium yellow paints from The Joy of Life and Matisse's Flower Piece (1906, The Barnes Foundation). Distribution of various cadmium compounds confirms that cadmium carbonates and sulphates are photo-degradation products in The Joy of Life, whereas in Flower Piece, cadmium carbonates appear to have been a [(partially) unreacted] starting reagent for the yellow paint, a role previously suggested in other altered yellow paints.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000364914100017 Publication Date 2015-06-03
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0947-8396; 1432-0630 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved no
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:130290 Serial 7382
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Vanmeert, F.; Legrand, S.; Nuyts, G.; Alfeld, M.; Monico, L.; Anaf, W.; de Nolf, W.; Vermeulen, M.; Verbeeck, J.; De Wael, K.
Title Non-invasive and non-destructive examination of artistic pigments, paints, and paintings by means of X-Ray methods Type A1 Journal article
Year 2016 Publication Topics in Current Chemistry Abbreviated Journal Topics Curr Chem
Volume 374 Issue (up) 374 Pages 81
Keywords A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract Recent studies are concisely reviewed, in which X-ray beams of (sub)micrometre to millimetre dimensions have been used for non-destructive analysis and characterization of pigments, minute paint samples, and/or entire paintings from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century painters. The overview presented encompasses the use of laboratory and synchrotron radiation-based instrumentation and deals with the use of several variants of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) as a method of elemental analysis and imaging, as well as with the combined use of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Microscopic XRF is a variant of the method that is well suited to visualize the elemental distribution of key elements, mostly metals, present in paint multi-layers, on the length scale from 1 to 100 μm inside micro-samples taken from paintings. In the context of the characterization of artists pigments subjected to natural degradation, the use of methods limited to elemental analysis or imaging usually is not sufficient to elucidate the chemical transformations that have taken place. However, at synchrotron facilities, combinations of μ-XRF with related methods such as μ-XAS and μ-XRD have proven themselves to be very suitable for such studies. Their use is often combined with microscopic Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy and/or Raman microscopy since these methods deliver complementary information of high molecular specificity at more or less the same length scale as the X-ray microprobe techniques. Since microscopic investigation of a relatively limited number of minute paint samples, taken from a given work of art, may not yield representative information about the entire artefact, several methods for macroscopic, non-invasive imaging have recently been developed. Those based on XRF scanning and full-field hyperspectral imaging appear very promising; some recent published results are discussed.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer international publishing ag Place of Publication Cham Editor
Language Wos 000391178900006 Publication Date 2016-11-21
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2365-0869;2364-8961; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 4.033 Times cited 50 Open Access
Notes ; ; Approved Most recent IF: 4.033
Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:139930UA @ admin @ c:irua:139930 Serial 4443
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Salvant, J.; Williams, J.; Ganio, M.; Casadio, F.; Daher, C.; Sutherland, K.; Monico, L.; Vanmeert, F.; De Meyer, S.; Janssens, K.; Cartwright, C.; Walton, M.
Title A Roman Egyptian Painting Workshop : technical investigation of the portraits from Tebtunis, Egypt Type A1 Journal article
Year 2018 Publication Archaeometry Abbreviated Journal Archaeometry
Volume 60 Issue (up) 4 Pages 815-833
Keywords A1 Journal article; History; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract Roman-period mummy portraits are considered to be ancient antecedents of modern portraiture. However, the techniques and materials used in their manufacture are not thoroughly understood. Analytical study of the pigments as well as the binding materials helps to address questions on what aspects of the painting practices originate from Pharaonic and/or Graeco-Roman traditions, and can aid in determining the provenance of the raw materials from potential locations across the ancient Mediterranean and European worlds. Here, one of the largest assemblages of mummy portraits to remain intact since their excavation from the site of Tebtunis in Egypt was examined using multiple analytical techniques to address how they were made. The archaeological evidence suggests that these portraits were products of a single workshop and, correspondingly, they are found to be made using similar techniques and materials: wax-based and lead white-rich paint combined with a variety of iron-based pigments (including hematite, goethite and jarosite), as well as Egyptian blue, minium, indigo and madder lake to create subtle variations and tones.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000438195100011 Publication Date 2017-11-24
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-813x; 1475-4754 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.47 Times cited 6 Open Access
Notes ; This collaborative initiative is part of NU-ACCESS's broad portfolio of activities, made possible by generous support of the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation as well as supplemental support provided by the Materials Research Center, the Office of the Vice President for Research, the McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science and the Department of Materials Science and Engineering at Northwestern University. This work made use of the Keck-II facility of the NUANCE Center at Northwestern University, which has received support from the Soft and Hybrid Nanotechnology Experimental (SHyNE) Resource (NSF NNCI-1542205); the MRSEC program (NSF DMR-1121262) at the Materials Research Center; the International Institute for Nanotechnology (IIN); the Keck Foundation; and the State of Illinois, through the IIN. Part of this research was carried out at the light source PETRA III at DESY, a member of the Helmholtz Association (HGF), and at ESRF (experiment no. HG-79). We are grateful to Marine Cotte and Wout De Nolf for their support during the experiment at beamline ID21. We would like to thank Gerald Falkenberg and Jan Garrevoet for their assistance in using beamline P06. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.47
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:152396 Serial 5455
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Vanmeert, F.; Mudronja, D.; Fazinic, S.; Janssens, K.; Tibljas, D.
Title Semi-quantitative analysis of the formation of a calcium oxalate protective layer for monumental limestone using combined micro-XRF and micro-XRPD Type A1 Journal article
Year 2013 Publication X-ray spectrometry Abbreviated Journal X-Ray Spectrom
Volume 42 Issue (up) 4 Pages 256-261
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract A current method for the protection of cretaceous limestone present in various monuments consists of performing a passivating treatment with ammonium oxalate (AmOx). A calcium oxalate protective layer is formed on the surface and enhances the acid resistance of the stone. The in-depth formation of the calcium oxalate layer was investigated on cross sections by using combined micro X-ray fluorescence and micro X-ray powder diffraction (mu XRF/mu XRPD). XRPD showed the presence of both whewellite and weddellite in the calcite stone matrix. A correction was made for sample misalignment, which was visible in both the fluorescence and the diffraction line measurements. A semi-quantitative analysis was performed on the basis of Klug's equation for a two-phase mixture (the presence of weddellite was neglected) without the need for a known reference sample. By assuming two extreme compositions for a reference weight fraction (1 and 99wt%), it was possible to obtain whewellite concentration profiles, which can be used for comparing the effectiveness of different methods for the application of AmOx to the stone surface and the effect of treatment time and AmOx concentration used. It is shown that for the relative amounts of whewellite formed, the differences due to the assumed weight fractions are smaller than the errors due to sample heterogeneity and preferred orientation. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000320727900015 Publication Date 2013-05-14
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0049-8246 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 1.298 Times cited 5 Open Access
Notes ; The authors would like to thank De Nolf W. for his valuable feedback on the analysis of the X-ray diffraction data. We acknowledge SOLEIL for provision of SR facilities (proposal ID 20100979), and we would like to thank Dr. C. Mocuta for his assistance at the DIFFABS beamline. This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Program – Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA 'XANES meets ELNES' (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. The EU Community's FP7 Research Infrastructures program for the CHARISMA Project (grant agreement 228330) and, within framework in particular, the access possibilities to the SOLEIL and IPANEMA facilities are also acknowledged. ; Approved Most recent IF: 1.298; 2013 IF: 1.187
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:109579 Serial 5827
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Mudronja, D.; Vanmeert, F.; Fazinic, S.; Janssens, K.; Tibljas, D.; Desnica, V.
Title Protection of stone monuments using a brushing treatment with ammonium oxalate Type A1 Journal article
Year 2021 Publication Coatings Abbreviated Journal Coatings
Volume 11 Issue (up) 4 Pages 379
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract Stone monuments and buildings are susceptible to weathering. Carbonate-based stones are especially vulnerable in acidic environments, whereas magmatic acidic stones are more susceptible to chemical weathering in basic environments. To slow down surface corrosion of limestone and marble artworks/buildings, protective coatings which inhibit calcite dissolution have been proposed. In this work, samples from two stone types with different porosity were treated with ammonium oxalate (AmOx) to create a protective layer of calcium oxalate (CaOx) using the previously developed brushing method. Two different synchrotron microscopy experiments were performed to determine its protective capability. X-ray powder diffraction (SR-mu-XRPD) in transmission geometry allowed visualization of the distributions of calcium carbonate and oxalates along the sample depths. In a second step, X-ray fluorescence (SR-mu-XRF) was used to check the efficiency/integrity of the protective surface coating layer. This was done by measuring the sulfur distribution on the stone surface after exposing the protected stones to sulfuric acid. XRPD showed the formation of a protective oxalate layer with a thickness of 5-15 mu m on the less porous stone, while a 20-30 mu m thick layer formed on the more porous stone. The XRF study showed that the optimal treatment time depends on the stone porosity. Increasing the treatment time from 1 to 3 h resulted in a decreased efficiency of the protective layer for the low porosity stone. We assume that this is due to the formation of vertical channels (cracks) in the protective layer.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000642940900001 Publication Date 2021-03-25
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2079-6412 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 2.175 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.175
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:178271 Serial 8428
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Christiansen, T.; Cotte, M.; de Nolf, W.; Mouro, E.; Reyes-Herrera, J.; De Meyer, S.; Vanmeert, F.; Salvado, N.; Gonzalez, V.; Lindelof, P.E.; Mortensen, K.; Ryholt, K.; Janssens, K.; Larsen, S.
Title Insights into the composition of ancient Egyptian red and black inks on papyri achieved by synchrotron-based microanalyses Type A1 Journal article
Year 2020 Publication Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America Abbreviated Journal P Natl Acad Sci Usa
Volume 117 Issue (up) 45 Pages 27825-27835
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract A hitherto unknown composition is highlighted in the red and black inks preserved on ancient Egyptian papyri from the Roman period (circa 100 to 200 CE). Synchrotron-based macro-X-ray fluo-rescence (XRF) mapping brings to light the presence of iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) compounds in the majority of the red inks inscribed on 12 papyrus fragments from the Tebtunis temple library. The iron-based compounds in the inks can be assigned to ocher, notably due to the colocalization of Fe with aluminum, and the detection of hematite (Fe2O3) by micro-X-ray diffraction. Using the same techniques together with micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Pb is shown to be associated with fatty acid phosphate, sulfate, chloride, and carboxylate ions. Moreover, microXRF maps reveal a peculiar distribution and colocalization of Pb, phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), which are present at the micrometric scale resembling diffused “coffee rings” surrounding the ocher particles imbedded in the red letters, and at the submicrometric scale concentrated in the papyrus cell walls. A similar Pb, P, and S composition was found in three black inks, suggesting that the same lead components were employed in the manufacture of carbon-based inks. Bearing in mind that pigments such as red lead (Pb3O4) and lead white (hydrocerussite [Pb-3(CO3)(2)(OH)(2)] and/or cerussite [PbCO3]) were not detected, the results presented here suggest that the lead compound in the ink was used as a drier rather than as a pigment. Accordingly, the study calls for a reassessment of the composition of lead-based components in ancient Mediterranean pigments.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000590753400016 Publication Date 2020-10-27
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0027-8424; 1091-6490 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 11.1 Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 11.1; 2020 IF: 9.661
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:174323 Serial 8107
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Monico, L.; Janssens, K.; Hendriks, E.; Vanmeert, F.; van der Snickt, G.; Cotte, M.; Falkenberg, G.; Brunetti, B.G.; Miliani, C.
Title Evidence for degradation of the chrome yellows in Van Gogh's sunflowers : a study using noninvasive in situ methods and synchrotron-radiation-based x-ray techniques Type A1 Journal article
Year 2015 Publication Angewandte Chemie: international edition in English Abbreviated Journal Angew Chem Int Edit
Volume 54 Issue (up) 47 Pages 13923-13927
Keywords A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract This paper presents firm evidence for the chemical alteration of chrome yellow pigments in Van Gogh's Sunflowers (Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam). Noninvasive in situ spectroscopic analysis at several spots on the painting, combined with synchrotron-radiation-based X-ray investigations of two microsamples, revealed the presence of different types of chrome yellow used by Van Gogh, including the lightfast PbCrO4 and the sulfur-rich PbCr1-xSxO4 (x approximate to 0.5) variety that is known for its high propensity to undergo photoinduced reduction. The products of this degradation process, i.e., Cr-III compounds, were found at the interface between the paint and the varnish. Selected locations of the painting with the highest risk of color modification by chemical deterioration of chrome yellow are identified, thus calling for careful monitoring in the future.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000367722500009 Publication Date 2015-10-20
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1433-7851; 0570-0833 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 11.994 Times cited 24 Open Access
Notes ; We acknowledge financial support from the Italian MIUR project SICH-PRIN (2010329WPF_001) and BELSPO (Brussels) Project S2-ART (SD04A), GOA “SOLARPAINT” (Research Fund Antwerp University, BOF-2015), and FWO (Brussels) projects G.0C12.13, G.0704.08, G.01769.09. We thank ESRF (EC-1051, HG-26) and DESY (I-20120312 EC) for beamtime grants received. Noninvasive analysis of Sunflowers were supported by the EU FP7 programme CHARISMA (Grant 228330) and the Fund Inbev-Baillet Latour (Brussels). L.M. acknowledges financial support from the CNR Short Term Mobility Programme-2013. We thank Muriel Geldof, Luc Megens, Suzan de Groot (The Netherlands Cultural Heritage Agency, RCE), Chiara Grazia, David Buti (CNR-ISTM and SMAArt Centre), and the staff of the Van Gogh Museum for their collaboration. ; Approved Most recent IF: 11.994; 2015 IF: 11.261
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:131110 Serial 5617
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Broers, F.T.H.; Verslype, I.; Bossers, K.W.; Vanmeert, F.; Gonzalez, V.; Garrevoet, J.; van Loon, A.; va Duijn, E.; Krekeler, A.; De Keyser, N.; Steeman, I.; Noble, P.; Janssens, K.; Meirer, F.; Keune, K.
Title Correlated x-ray fluorescence and ptychographic nano-tomography on Rembrandt's The Night Watch reveals unknown lead “layer” Type A1 Journal article
Year 2023 Publication Science Advances Abbreviated Journal
Volume 9 Issue (up) 50 Pages eadj9394-13
Keywords A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Art; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
Abstract The Night Watch, one of the most famous masterpieces by Rembrandt, is the subject of a large research and conservation project. For the conservation treatment, it is of great importance to understand its current condition. Correlated nano-tomography using x-ray fluorescence and ptychography revealed a-so far unknown-lead-containing “layer”, which likely acts as a protective impregnation layer applied on the canvas before the quartz-clay ground was applied. This layer might explain the presence of lead soap protrusions in areas where no other lead components are present. In addition to the three-dimensional elemental mapping, ptychography visualizes and quantifies components not detectable by hard x-ray fluorescence such as the organic fraction and quartz. The first-time use of this combination of synchrotron-based techniques on a historic paint micro-sample shows it to be an important tool to better interpret the results of noninvasive imaging techniques operating on the macroscale.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 001142514700010 Publication Date 2023-12-15
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 2375-2548 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record
Impact Factor 13.6 Times cited Open Access
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 13.6; 2023 IF: NA
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:203849 Serial 9016
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Cotte, M.; Gonzalez, V.; Vanmeert, F.; Monico, L.; Dejoie, C.; Burghammer, M.; Huder, L.; de Nolf, W.; Fisher, S.; Fazlic, I.; Chauffeton, C.; Wallez, G.; Jimenez, N.; Albert-Tortosa, F.; Salvado, N.; Possenti, E.; Colombo, C.; Ghirardello, M.; Comelli, D.; Avranovich Clerici, E.; Vivani, R.; Romani, A.; Costantino, C.; Janssens, K.; Taniguchi, Y.; McCarthy, J.; Reichert, H.; Susini, J.
Title The “Historical Materials BAG” : a new facilitated access to synchrotron X-ray diffraction analyses for cultural heritage materials at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Type A1 Journal article
Year 2022 Publication Molecules: a journal of synthetic chemistry and natural product chemistry Abbreviated Journal Molecules
Volume 27 Issue (up) 6 Pages 1997-21
Keywords A1 Journal article; Antwerp X-ray Imaging and Spectroscopy (AXIS)
Abstract The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) has recently commissioned the new Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS). The gain in brightness as well as the continuous development of beamline instruments boosts the beamline performances, in particular in terms of accelerated data acquisition. This has motivated the development of new access modes as an alternative to standard proposals for access to beamtime, in particular via the “block allocation group” (BAG) mode. Here, we present the recently implemented “historical materials BAG”: a community proposal giving to 10 European institutes the opportunity for guaranteed beamtime at two X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) beamlines-ID13, for 2D high lateral resolution XRPD mapping, and ID22 for high angular resolution XRPD bulk analyses-with a particular focus on applications to cultural heritage. The capabilities offered by these instruments, the specific hardware and software developments to facilitate and speed-up data acquisition and data processing are detailed, and the first results from this new access are illustrated with recent applications to pigments, paintings, ceramics and wood.
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Wos 000776369800001 Publication Date 2022-03-21
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1420-3049 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor 4.6 Times cited Open Access OpenAccess
Notes Approved Most recent IF: 4.6
Call Number UA @ admin @ c:irua:188053 Serial 7218
Permanent link to this record