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Author Gou, F.; Neyts, E.; Eckert, M.; Tinck, S.; Bogaerts, A. doi  openurl
  Title Molecular dynamics simulations of Cl+ etching on a Si(100) surface Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2010 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 107 Issue 11 Pages 113305,1-113305,6  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Molecular dynamics simulations using improved TersoffBrenner potential parameters were performed to investigate Cl+ etching of a {2×1} reconstructed Si(100) surface. Steady-state Si etching accompanying the Cl coverage of the surface is observed. Furthermore, a steady-state chlorinated reaction layer is formed. The thickness of this reaction layer is found to increase with increasing energy. The stoichiometry of SiClx species in the reaction layer is found to be SiCl:SiCl2:SiCl3 = 1.0:0.14:0.008 at 50 eV. These results are in excellent agreement with available experimental data. While elemental Si products are created by physical sputtering, most SiClx (0<x<4) etch products are produced by chemical-enhanced physical sputtering.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000278907100018 Publication Date 2010-06-04  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 15 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2010 IF: 2.079  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82663 Serial 2175  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Georgieva, V.; Bogaerts, A. doi  openurl
  Title Numerical simulation of dual frequency etching reactors: influence of the external process parameters on the plasma characteristics Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 98 Issue 2 Pages 023308,1-13  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000230931500016 Publication Date 2005-07-27  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 75 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2005 IF: 2.498  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:53575 Serial 2404  
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Author Georgieva, V.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. doi  openurl
  Title Numerical study of Ar/CF4/N2 discharges in single and dual frequency capacitively coupled plasma reactors Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2003 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 94 Issue Pages 3748-3756  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000185419600009 Publication Date 2003-12-03  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 90 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2003 IF: 2.171  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:44014 Serial 2408  
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Author Cenian, A.; Chernukho, A.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.; Leys, C. doi  openurl
  Title Particle-in-cell Monte Carlo modeling of Langmuir probes in an Ar plasma Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 97 Issue Pages 123310,1-10  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000230278100019 Publication Date 2005-06-28  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 18 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2005 IF: 2.498  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:53103 Serial 2560  
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Author Georgieva, V.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. doi  openurl
  Title Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo simulation of a capacitively coupled radio frequency Ar/Cf4 discharge: effect of gas composition Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2003 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 93 Issue Pages 2369-2379  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000181307000007 Publication Date 2003-03-06  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 57 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2003 IF: 2.171  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:44011 Serial 2561  
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Author Neyts, E.; Yan, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. doi  openurl
  Title Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo simulations of a low-pressure capacitively coupled radio-frequency discharge: effect of adding H2 to an Ar discharge Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2003 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 93 Issue Pages 5025-5033  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000182296700010 Publication Date 2003-04-17  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 15 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2003 IF: 2.171  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:44012 Serial 2562  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. doi  openurl
  Title The role of fast argon ions and atoms in the ionization of argon in a direct current glow discharge: a mathematical simulation Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1995 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 78 Issue Pages 6427-6431  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos A1995TH85100012 Publication Date 2002-07-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.183 Times cited 60 Open Access  
  Notes Approved MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 96/271 Q2 #  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:12264 Serial 2913  
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Author Autrique, D.; Clair, G.; L'Hermite, D.; Alexiades, V.; Bogaerts, A.; Rethfeld, B. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title The role of mass removal mechanisms in the onset of ns-laser induced plasma formation Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2013 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 114 Issue 2 Pages 023301-23310  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract The present study focuses on the role of mass removal mechanisms in ns-laser ablation. A copper sample is placed in argon, initially set at standard pressure and temperature. Calculations are performed for a 6 ns laser pulse with a wavelength of 532 nm and laser fluences up to 10 J/cm2. The transient behavior in and above the copper target is described by a hydrodynamic model. Transmission profiles and ablation depths are compared with experimental results and similar trends are found. Our calculations reveal an interesting self-inhibiting mechanism: volumetric mass removal in the supercritical region triggers plasma shielding and therefore stops proceeding. This self-limiting process indicates that volumetric mass removal does not necessarily result in large ablation depths.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000321761600006 Publication Date 2013-07-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 31 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2013 IF: 2.185  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:109237 Serial 2915  
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Author Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. doi  openurl
  Title Role of sputtered Cu atoms and ions in a direct current glow discharge: combined fluid and Monte Carlo model Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1996 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 1279-1286  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos A1996TT92200011 Publication Date 2002-07-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.183 Times cited 81 Open Access  
  Notes Approved MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY 96/271 Q2 #  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:16239 Serial 2920  
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Author Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. doi  openurl
  Title Role of Ar2+ and Ar+2 ions in a direct current argon glow discharge: a numerical description Type A1 Journal article
  Year 1999 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 86 Issue 8 Pages 4124-4133  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000082840300009 Publication Date 2002-07-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 50 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 1999 IF: 2.275  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:28322 Serial 2923  
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Author Baguer, N.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. doi  openurl
  Title Role of the fast Ar atoms, Ar+ ions and metastable Ar atoms in a hollow cathode glow discharge: study by a hybrid model Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2003 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 94 Issue Pages 2212-2222  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000184469800011 Publication Date 2003-08-01  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 19 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2003 IF: 2.171  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:44013 Serial 2926  
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Author Depla, D.; Li, X.Y.; Mahieu, S.; van Aeken, K.; Leroy, W.P.; Haemers, J.; de Gryse, R.; Bogaerts, A. doi  openurl
  Title Rotating cylindrical magnetron sputtering: simulation of the reactive process Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2010 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 107 Issue 11 Pages 113307,1-113307,9  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract A rotating cylindrical magnetron consists of a cylindrical tube, functioning as the cathode, which rotates around a stationary magnet assembly. In stationary mode, the cylindrical magnetron behaves similar to a planar magnetron with respect to the influence of reactive gas addition to the plasma. However, the transition from metallic mode to poisoned mode and vice versa depends on the rotation speed. An existing model has been modified to simulate the influence of target rotation on the well known hysteresis behavior during reactive magnetron sputtering. The model shows that the existing poisoning mechanisms, i.e., chemisorption, direct reactive ion implantation and knock on implantation, are insufficient to describe the poisoning behavior of the rotating target. A better description of the process is only possible by including the deposition of sputtered material on the target.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000278907100020 Publication Date 2010-06-07  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 15 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2010 IF: 2.079  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:82631 Serial 2930  
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Author Wendelen, W.; Mueller, B.Y.; Autrique, D.; Rethfeld, B.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Space charge corrected electron emission from an aluminum surface under non-equilibrium conditions Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2012 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 111 Issue 11 Pages 113110  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract A theoretical study has been conducted of ultrashort pulsed laser induced electron emission from an aluminum surface. Electron emission fluxes retrieved from the commonly employed Fowler-DuBridge theory were compared to fluxes based on a laser-induced non-equilibrium electron distribution. As a result, the two-and three-photon photoelectron emission parameters for the Fowler-DuBridge theory have been approximated. We observe that at regimes where photoemission is important, laser-induced electron emission evolves in a more smooth manner than predicted by the Fowler-DuBridge theory. The importance of the actual electron distribution decreases at higher laser fluences, whereas the contribution of thermionic emission increases. Furthermore, the influence of a space charge effect on electron emission was evaluated by a one dimensional particle-in-cell model. Depending on the fluences, the space charge reduces the electron emission by several orders of magnitude. The influence of the electron emission flux profiles on the effective electron emission was found to be negligible. However, a non-equilibrium electron velocity distribution increases the effective electron emission significantly. Our results show that it is essential to consider the non-equilibrium electron distribution as well as the space charge effect for the description of laser-induced photoemission. (C) 2012 American Institute of Physics. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4729071]  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000305401400043 Publication Date 2012-06-14  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 30 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2012 IF: 2.210  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:100300 Serial 3057  
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Author Yan, M.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.; Goedheer, W.J. doi  openurl
  Title Spatial behavior of energy relaxation of electrons in capacitively coupled discharges: comparison between Ar and SiH4 Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2000 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 87 Issue 8 Pages 3628-3636  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000086169500003 Publication Date 2002-07-26  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 14 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2000 IF: 2.180  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:34074 Serial 3061  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Baguer, N.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R. doi  openurl
  Title Study of a hollow cathode glow discharge in He: Monte Carlo-fluid model combined with a transport model for the metastable atoms Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2003 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 93 Issue Pages 47-55  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000180002500009 Publication Date 2002-12-28  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 24 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2003 IF: 2.171  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:44010 Serial 3324  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Baguer, N.; Bogaerts, A.; Donko, Z.; Gijbels, R.; Sadeghi, N. doi  openurl
  Title Study of the Ar metastable atom population in a hollow cathode discharge by means of a hybrid model and spectrometric measurements Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 97 Issue Pages 123305,1-12  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000230278100014 Publication Date 2005-06-21  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 40 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2005 IF: 2.498  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:53102 Serial 3334  
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Author Baguer, N.; Bogaerts, A. doi  openurl
  Title Study of the sputtered Cu atoms and Cu+ ions in a hollow cathode glow discharge using a hybrid model Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2005 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 98 Issue 3 Pages 033303,1-033303,11  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract The role of the Cu atoms sputtered from the cathode material in a cylindrical hollow cathode discharge (HCD) and the corresponding Cu+ ions are studied with a self-consistent model based on the principle of Monte Carlo (MC) and fluid simulations. In order to obtain a more realistic view of the discharge processes, this model is coupled with other submodels, which describe the behavior of electrons, fast Ar atoms, Ar+ ions, and Ar metastable atoms, also based on the principles of MC and fluid simulations. Typical results are, among others, the thermalization profile of the Cu atoms, the fast Cu atom, the thermal Cu atom and Cu+ ion fluxes and densities, and the energy distribution of the Cu+ ions. It was found that the contribution of the Ar+ ions to the sputtering was the most significant, followed by the fast Ar atoms. At the cathode bottom, there was no net sputtered flux but a net amount of redeposition. Throughout the discharge volume, at all the conditions investigated, the largest concentration of Cu atoms was found in the lower half of the HCD, close to the bottom. Penning ionization was found the main ionization mechanism for the Cu atoms. The ionization degree of copper atoms was found to be in the same order as for the argon atoms (10-4). (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000231246100007 Publication Date 2005-08-08  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 18 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2005 IF: 2.498  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:54597 Serial 3340  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Neyts, E.; Bogaerts, A.; van de Sanden, M.C.M. doi  openurl
  Title Unraveling the deposition mechanism in a-C:H thin-film growth: a molecular-dynamics study for the reaction behavior of C3 and C3H radicals with a-C:H surfaces Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2006 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 99 Issue 1 Pages 014902,1-8  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000234607200071 Publication Date 2006-01-23  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 25 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2006 IF: 2.316  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:55831 Serial 3815  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Zhao, S.-X.; Zhang, Y.-R.; Gao, F.; Wang, Y.-N.; Bogaerts, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Bulk plasma fragmentation in a C4F8 inductively coupled plasma : a hybrid modelling study Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2015 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 117 Issue 117 Pages 243303  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract A hybrid model is used to investigate the fragmentation of C4F8 inductive discharges. Indeed, the resulting reactive species are crucial for the optimization of the Si-based etching process, since they determine the mechanisms of fluorination, polymerization, and sputtering. In this paper, we present the dissociation degree, the density ratio of F vs. CxFy (i.e., fluorocarbon (fc) neutrals), the neutral vs. positive ion density ratio, details on the neutral and ion components, and fractions of various fc neutrals (or ions) in the total fc neutral (or ion) density in a C4F8 inductively coupled plasma source, as well as the effect of pressure and power on these results. To analyze the fragmentation behavior, the electron density and temperature and electron energy probability function (EEPF) are investigated. Moreover, the main electron-impact generation sources for all considered neutrals and ions are determined from the complicated C4F8 reaction set used in the model. The C4F8 plasma fragmentation is explained, taking into account many factors, such as the EEPF characteristics, the dominance of primary and secondary processes, and the thresholds of dissociation and ionization. The simulation results are compared with experiments from literature, and reasonable agreement is obtained. Some discrepancies are observed, which can probably be attributed to the simplified polymer surface kinetics assumed in the model.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000357613900009 Publication Date 2015-06-30  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979;1089-7550; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 11 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2015 IF: 2.183  
  Call Number c:irua:126477 Serial 261  
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Author Zhang, Y.; Jiang, W.; Zhang, Q.Z.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Computational study of plasma sustainability in radio frequency micro-discharges Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 115 Issue 19 Pages 193301-193311  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract We apply an implicit particle-in-cell Monte-Carlo (PIC-MC) method to study a radio-frequency argon microdischarge at steady state in the glow discharge limit, in which the microdischarge is sustained by secondary electron emission from the electrodes. The plasma density, electron energy distribution function (EEDF), and electron temperature are calculated in a wide range of operating conditions, including driving voltage, microdischarge gap, and pressure. Also, the effect of gap size scaling (in the range of 50-1000 μm) on the plasma sustaining voltage and peak electron density at atmospheric pressure is examined, which has not been explored before. In our simulations, three different EEDFs, i.e., a so-called three temperature hybrid mode, a two temperature α mode, and a two temperature γ mode distribution, are identified at different gaps and voltages. The maximum sustaining voltage to avoid a transition from the glow mode to an arc is predicted, as well as the minimum sustaining voltage for a steady glow discharge. Our calculations elucidate that secondary electrons play an essential role in sustaining the discharge, and as a result the relationship between breakdown voltage and gap spacing is far away from the Paschen law at atmospheric pressure.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000336920200010 Publication Date 2014-05-16  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979;1089-7550; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 11 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2014 IF: 2.183  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:116948 Serial 458  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Zhao, S.-X.; Gao, F.; Wang, Y.-P.; Wang, Y.-N.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Effects of feedstock availability on the negative ion behavior in a C4F8 inductively coupled plasma Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2015 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 118 Issue 118 Pages 033301  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract In this paper, the negative ion behavior in a C4F8 inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is investigated using a hybrid model. The model predicts a non-monotonic variation of the total negative ion density with power at low pressure (1030 mTorr), and this trend agrees well with experiments that were carried out in many fluorocarbon (fc) ICP sources, like C2F6, CHF3, and C4F8. This behavior is explained by the availability of feedstock C4F8 gas as a source of the negative ions, as well as by the presence of low energy electrons due to vibrational excitation at low power. The maximum of the negative ion density shifts to low power values upon decreasing pressure, because of the more pronounced depletion of C4F8 molecules, and at high pressure (∼50 mTorr), the anion density continuously increases with power, which is similar to fc CCP sources. Furthermore, the negative ion composition is identified in this paper. Our work demonstrates that for a clear understanding of the negative ion behavior in radio frequency C4F8 plasma sources, one needs to take into account many factors, like the attachment characteristics, the anion composition, the spatial profiles, and the reactor configuration. Finally, a detailed comparison of our simulation results with experiments is conducted.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000358429200004 Publication Date 2015-07-20  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979;1089-7550; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 1 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2015 IF: 2.183  
  Call Number c:irua:126735 Serial 861  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Zhang, Q.-Z.; Wang, Y.-N.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Heating mode transition in a hybrid direct current/dual-frequency capacitively coupled CF4 discharge Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 115 Issue 22 Pages 223302-223306  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Computer simulations based on the particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision method are performed to study the plasma characteristics and especially the transition in electron heating mechanisms in a hybrid direct current (dc)/dual-frequency (DF) capacitively coupled CF 4 discharge. When applying a superposed dc voltage, the plasma density first increases, then decreases, and finally increases again, which is in good agreement with experiments. This trend can be explained by the transition between the four main heating modes, i.e., DF coupling, dc and DF coupling, dc source dominant heating, and secondary electron dominant heating.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000337891800006 Publication Date 2014-06-11  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979;1089-7550; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 9 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2014 IF: 2.183  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117347 Serial 1414  
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Author Wen, D.-Q.; Zhang, Q.-Z.; Jiang, W.; Song, U.-H.; Bogaerts, A.; Wang, Y.-N. pdf  doi
openurl 
  Title Phase modulation in pulsed dual-frequency capacitively coupled plasmas Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 115 Issue 23 Pages 233303  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision simulations, coupled with an external circuit, are used to investigate the behavior of pulsed dual-frequency (DF) capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs). It is found that the phase shift θ between the high (or low) frequency source and the pulse modulation has a great influence on the ion density and the ionization rate. By pulsing the high frequency source, the time-averaged ion density shows a maximum when θ = 90∘. The time-averaged ion energy distribution functions (IEDFs) at the driven electrode, however, keep almost unchanged, illustrating the potential of pulsed DF-CCP for independent control of ion density (and flux) and ion energy. A detailed investigation of the temporal evolution of the plasma characteristics indicates that several high frequency harmonics can be excited at the initial stage of a pulse period by tuning the phase shift θ, and this gives rise to strong sheath oscillations, and therefore high ionization rates. For comparison, the pulsing of the low frequency source is also studied. In this case, the ion density changes slightly as a function of time, and the time-averaged ion density shows the same trend as in the HF modulation for different phase shifts θ. Moreover, the time-averaged IEDFs at the driven electrode can be modulated, showing the potential to reduce the maximum ion bombardment energy.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000338106000008 Publication Date 2014-06-23  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979;1089-7550; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 8 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2014 IF: 2.183  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117415 Serial 2585  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Chen, Z.; Bogaerts, A. doi  openurl
  Title Response to “Comment on 'Laser ablation of Cu and plume expansion into 1 atm ambient gas'” [J. Appl. Phys. 115, 166101 (2014)] Type Editorial
  Year 2014 Publication Journal of applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Appl Phys  
  Volume 115 Issue 16 Pages 166102  
  Keywords Editorial; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher American Institute of Physics Place of Publication New York, N.Y. Editor  
  Language Wos 000335228400092 Publication Date 2014-05-01  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0021-8979;1089-7550; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.068 Times cited 1 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.068; 2014 IF: 2.183  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:117171 Serial 2898  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Baguer, N.; Georgieva, V.; Calderin, L.; Todorov, I.T.; van Gils, S.; Bogaerts, A. doi  openurl
  Title Study of the nucleation and growth of TiO2 and ZnO thin films by means of molecular dynamics simulations Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2009 Publication Journal of crystal growth Abbreviated Journal J Cryst Growth  
  Volume 311 Issue 16 Pages 4034-4043  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract The nucleation and growth of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films on Fe2O3 (hematite), Al2O3 (á-alumina) and SiO2 (á-quartz) are studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show the formation of a strong interface region between the substrate and the film in the six systems studied here. A combination of polycrystalline and amorphous phases are observed in the TiO2 films grown on the three substrates. ZnO deposition on the Fe2O3 and Al2O3 crystals yields a monocrystalline film growth. The ZnO film deposited on the SiO2 crystal exhibits less crystallinity. The simulation results are compared with experimental results available in the literature.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Amsterdam Editor  
  Language Wos 000269580100012 Publication Date 2009-06-24  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0022-0248; ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 1.751 Times cited 23 Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 1.751; 2009 IF: 1.534  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:77453 Serial 3338  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author de Bleecker, K.; Herrebout, D.; Bogaerts, A.; Gijbels, R.; Descamps, P. openurl 
  Title One-dimensional modelling of a capacitively coupled rf plasma in silane/helium, including small concentrations of O2 and N2 Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2003 Publication Journal of physics: D: applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Phys D Appl Phys  
  Volume 36 Issue Pages 1826-1833  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication London Editor  
  Language Wos Publication Date 0000-00-00  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0022-3727 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.588 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes Approved Most recent IF: 2.588; 2003 IF: 1.265  
  Call Number UA @ lucian @ c:irua:44022 Serial 2463  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Bogaerts, A.; Khosravian, N.; Van der Paal, J.; Verlackt, C.C.W.; Yusupov, M.; Kamaraj, B.; Neyts, E.C. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Multi-level molecular modelling for plasma medicine Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2016 Publication Journal of physics: D: applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Phys D Appl Phys  
  Volume 49 Issue 49 Pages 054002  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Modelling at the molecular or atomic scale can be very useful for obtaining a better insight in plasma medicine. This paper gives an overview of different atomic/molecular scale modelling approaches that can be used to study the direct interaction of plasma species with biomolecules or the consequences of these interactions for the biomolecules on a somewhat longer time-scale. These approaches include density functional theory (DFT), density functional based tight binding (DFTB), classical reactive and non-reactive molecular dynamics (MD) and united-atom or coarse-grained MD, as well as hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) methods. Specific examples will be given for three important types of biomolecules, present in human cells, i.e. proteins, DNA and phospholipids found in the cell membrane. The results show that each of these modelling approaches has its specific strengths and limitations, and is particularly useful for certain applications. A multi-level approach is therefore most suitable for obtaining a global picture of the plasma–biomolecule interactions.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000368944100003 Publication Date 2015-12-16  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0022-3727 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.588 Times cited 11 Open Access  
  Notes This work is financially supported by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO) and the Francqui Foundation. The calculations were carried out in part using the Turing HPC infrastructure of the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the Universiteit Antwerpen. Approved Most recent IF: 2.588  
  Call Number c:irua:131571 Serial 3985  
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Author Tinck, S.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Computational study of the CF4 /CHF3 / H2 /Cl2 /O2 /HBr gas phase plasma chemistry Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2016 Publication Journal of physics: D: applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Phys D Appl Phys  
  Volume 49 Issue 49 Pages 195203  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract A modelling study is performed of high-density low-pressure inductively coupled CF4/CHF3/H2/Cl2/O2/HBr plasmas under different gas mixing ratios. A reaction set describing the complete plasma chemistry is presented and discussed. The gas fraction of each component in this mixture is varied to investigate the sensitivity of the plasma properties, like electron density, plasma potential and species densities, towards the gas mixing ratios. This research is of great interest for microelectronics applications because these gases are often combined in two (or more)-component mixtures, and mixing gases or changing the fraction of a gas can sometimes yield unwanted reaction products or unexpected changes in the overall plasma properties due to the increased chemical complexity of the system. Increasing the CF4 fraction produces more F atoms for chemical etching as expected, but also more prominently lowers the density of Cl atoms, resulting in an actual drop in the etch rate under certain conditions. Furthermore, CF4 decreases the free electron density when mixed with Cl2. However, depending on the other gas components, CF4 gas can also sometimes enhance free electron density. This is the case when HBr is added to the mixture. The addition of H2 to the gas mixture will lower the sputtering process, not only due to the lower overall positive ion density at higher H2 fractions, but also because more H+, H2 + and H3 + are present and they have very low sputter yields. In contrast, a larger Cl2 fraction results in more chemical etching but also in less physical sputtering due to a smaller abundance of positive ions. Increasing the O2 fraction in the plasma will always lower the etch rate due to more oxidation of the wafer surface and due to a lower plasma density. However, it is also observed that the density of F atoms can actually increase with rising O2 gas fraction. This is relevant to note because the exact balance between fluorination and oxidation is important for fine-tuning the overall etch rate and for control of the sidewall profile. Finally, HBr is often used as a chemical etcher, but when mixed with F- or Cl-containing gases, HBr creates the same diluting effects as Ar or He, because a

higher fraction results in less chemical etching but more (physical) sputtering.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000375255500017 Publication Date 2016-04-13  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0022-3727 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.588 Times cited 5 Open Access  
  Notes We acknowledge the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO) for financial support of this work. This work was carried out in part using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the University of Antwerp. Approved Most recent IF: 2.588  
  Call Number c:irua:132890 Serial 4062  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Tinck, S.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Role of vibrationally excited HBr in a HBr/He inductively coupled plasma used for etching of silicon Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2016 Publication Journal of physics: D: applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Phys D Appl Phys  
  Volume 49 Issue 49 Pages 245204  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract In this work, the role of vibrationally excited HBr (HBr(vib)) is computationally investigated for a HBr/He inductively coupled plasma applied for Si etching. It is found that at least 50% of all dissociations of HBr occur through HBr(vib). This additional dissociation pathway through HBr(vib) makes the plasma significantly more atomic. It also results in a slightly higher electron temperature (i.e. about 0.2 eV higher compared to simulation results where HBr(vib) is not included), as well as a higher gas temperature (i.e. about 50 K higher than without including HBr(vib)), due to the enhanced Franck–Condon heating through HBr(vib) dissociation,

at the conditions investigated. Most importantly, the calculated etch rate with HBr(vib) included in the model is a factor 3 higher than in the case without HBr(vib), due to the higher fluxes of etching species (i.e. H and Br), while the chemical composition of the wafer surface shows no significant difference. Our calculations clearly show the importance of including HBr(vib) for accurate modeling of HBr-containing plasmas.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000377427100020 Publication Date 2016-05-17  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0022-3727 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.588 Times cited Open Access  
  Notes The Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO) is acknowledged for financial support of this work (Grant no. 0880.212.840). This work was carried out in part using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the University of Antwerp. Prof. Mark Kushner is also gratefully acknowledged for the useful discussions and for providing the HPEM code. Approved Most recent IF: 2.588  
  Call Number c:irua:133457 Serial 4072  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Tinck, S.; Tillocher, T.; Dussart, R.; Neyts, E.C.; Bogaerts, A. pdf  url
doi  openurl
  Title Elucidating the effects of gas flow rate on an SF6inductively coupled plasma and on the silicon etch rate, by a combined experimental and theoretical investigation Type A1 Journal article
  Year 2016 Publication Journal of physics: D: applied physics Abbreviated Journal J Phys D Appl Phys  
  Volume 49 Issue 49 Pages 385201  
  Keywords A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)  
  Abstract Experiments show that the etch rate of Si with SF6 inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is significantly influenced by the absolute gas flow rate in the range of 50–600 sccm, with a maximum at around 200 sccm. Therefore, we numerically investigate the effects of the gas flow rate on the bulk plasma properties and on the etch rate, to obtain more insight in the underlying reasons of this effect. A hybrid Monte Carlo—fluid model is applied to simulate an SF6 ICP. It is found that the etch rate is influenced by two simultaneous effects: (i) the residence time of the gas and (ii) the temperature profile of the plasma in the ICP volume, resulting indeed in a maximum etch rate at 200 sccm.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Wos 000384095900011 Publication Date 2016-08-24  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN (up) 0022-3727 ISBN Additional Links UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles  
  Impact Factor 2.588 Times cited 1 Open Access  
  Notes We are very grateful to Mark Kushner for providing the computational model. The Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO; grant no. 0880.212.840) is acknowledged for financial support of this work. The work was carried out in part using the Turing HPC infrastructure at the CalcUA core facility of the Universiteit Antwerpen, a division of the Flemish Supercomputer Center VSC, funded by the Hercules Foundation, the Flemish Government (department EWI) and the University of Antwerp. Approved Most recent IF: 2.588  
  Call Number c:irua:134867 Serial 4108  
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