| Records |
| Author |
Verbeeck, J.; Bertoni, G.; Lichte, H. |
| Title |
A holographic biprism as a perfect energy filter? |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ultramicroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ultramicroscopy |
| Volume |
111 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
887-893 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
| Abstract |
It has often been stated that a holographic biprism represents a near perfect energy filter and only elastically scattered electrons can participate in the interference fringes. This is based on the assumption that the reference wave does not contain inelastically scattered electrons. In this letter we show that this is not exactly true because of the delocalised inelastic interaction of the reference wave with the sample. We experimentally and theoretically show that inelastic scattering plays a role in the fringe formation, but it is shown that this contribution is small and can usually be neglected in practice. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000300461000021 |
Publication Date |
2011-02-05 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0304-3991; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
Impact Factor  |
2.843 |
Times cited |
13 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
Fwo; Esteem 026019 |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.843; 2011 IF: 2.471 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:97250UA @ admin @ c:irua:97250 |
Serial |
1482 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Wang, A.; Chen, F.R.; Van Aert, S.; van Dyck, D. |
| Title |
A method to determine the local surface profile from reconstructed exit waves |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ultramicroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ultramicroscopy |
| Volume |
111 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1352-1359 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab |
| Abstract |
Reconstructed exit waves are useful to quantify unknown structure parameters such as the position and composition of the atom columns at atomic scale. Existing techniques provide a complex wave in a flat plane which is close to the plane where the electrons leave the atom columns. However, due to local deviation in the flatness of the exit surface, there will be an offset between the plane of reconstruction and the actual exit of a specific atom column. Using the channelling theory, it has been shown that this defocus offset can in principle be determined atom column-by-atom column. As such, the surface roughness could be quantified at atomic scale. However, the outcome strongly depends on the initial plane of reconstruction especially in a crystalline structure. If this plane is further away from the true exit, the waves of the atom columns become delocalized and interfere mutually which strongly complicates the interpretation of the exit wave in terms of the local structure. In this paper, we will study the delocalization with defocus using the channelling theory in a more systematic way. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000300461100049 |
Publication Date |
2011-05-03 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0304-3991; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
2.843 |
Times cited |
3 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
Fwo |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.843; 2011 IF: 2.471 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88941 |
Serial |
2017 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Heidari Mezerji, H.; van den Broek, W.; Bals, S. |
| Title |
A practical method to determine the effective resolution in incoherent experimental electron tomography |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ultramicroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ultramicroscopy |
| Volume |
111 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
330-336 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab |
| Abstract |
It is not straightforward to determine resolution for a 3D reconstruction when performing an electron tomography experiment. Different contributions such as missing wedge and misalignment add up and often influence the final resolution in an anisotropic manner. The conventional resolution measures can not be used for all of the reconstruction techniques, especially for iterative techniques which are more commonly used for electron tomography in materials science. Here we define a quantitative resolution measure that determines the resolution in three orthogonal directions of the reconstruction. As an application we use this measure to determine the optimum number of simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) iterations to reconstruct the gold nanoparticles, based on a high angle annular dark field STEM (HAADF-STEM) tilt series. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000289396900005 |
Publication Date |
2011-01-24 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0304-3991; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
2.843 |
Times cited |
26 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
Esteem 026019; Fwo |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.843; 2011 IF: 2.471 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87606 |
Serial |
2688 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Schattschneider, P.; Verbeeck, J. |
| Title |
Theory of free electron vortices |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ultramicroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ultramicroscopy |
| Volume |
111 |
Issue |
9/10 |
Pages |
1461-1468 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
| Abstract |
The recent creation of electron vortex beams and their first practical application motivates a better understanding of their properties. Here, we develop the theory of free electron vortices with quantized angular momentum, based on solutions of the Schrödinger equation for cylindrical boundary conditions. The principle of transformation of a plane wave into vortices with quantized angular momentum, their paraxial propagation through round magnetic lenses, and the effect of partial coherence are discussed. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000300461200002 |
Publication Date |
2011-07-26 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0304-3991; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
2.843 |
Times cited |
57 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
Esteem 026019 |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.843; 2011 IF: 2.471 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:91882 |
Serial |
3617 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
van den Broek, W.; Van Aert, S.; Goos, P.; van Dyck, D. |
| Title |
Throughput maximization of particle radius measurements by balancing size and current of the electron probe |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ultramicroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ultramicroscopy |
| Volume |
111 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
940-947 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering Management (ENM); Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab |
| Abstract |
In thispaperweinvestigatewhichprobesizemaximizesthethroughputwhenmeasuringtheradiusof nanoparticlesinhighangleannulardarkfieldscanningtransmissionelectronmicroscopy(HAADFSTEM). The sizeandthecorrespondingcurrentoftheelectronprobedeterminetheprecisionoftheestimateofa particlesradius.Maximizingthroughputmeansthatamaximumnumberofparticlesshouldbeimaged withinagiventimeframe,sothataprespecifiedprecisionisattained.WeshowthatBayesianstatistical experimentaldesignisaveryusefulapproachtodeterminetheoptimalprobesizeusingacertainamount of priorknowledgeaboutthesample.Thedependenceoftheoptimalprobesizeonthedetectorgeometry and thediameter,variabilityandatomicnumberoftheparticlesisinvestigated.Anexpressionforthe optimalprobesizeintheabsenceofanykindofpriorknowledgeaboutthespecimenisderivedaswell. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000300461000026 |
Publication Date |
2010-11-25 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0304-3991; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
2.843 |
Times cited |
7 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.843; 2011 IF: 2.471 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89657 |
Serial |
3659 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Béché, A.; Rouvière, J.L.; Barnes, J.P.; Cooper, D. |
| Title |
Dark field electron holography for strain measurement |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ultramicroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ultramicroscopy |
| Volume |
111 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
227-238 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
| Abstract |
Dark field electron holography is a new TEM-based technique for measuring strain with nanometer scale resolution. Here we present the procedure to align a transmission electron microscope and obtain dark field holograms as well as the theoretical background necessary to reconstruct strain maps from holograms. A series of experimental parameters such as biprism voltage, sample thickness, exposure time, tilt angle and choice of diffracted beam are then investigated on a silicon-germanium layer epitaxially embedded in a silicon matrix in order to obtain optimal dark field holograms over a large field of view with good spatial resolution and strain sensitivity. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Amsterdam |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000288638200007 |
Publication Date |
2010-12-01 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0304-3991 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
2.843 |
Times cited |
31 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.843; 2011 IF: 2.471 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:136368 |
Serial |
4496 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
De Bie, C.; Verheyde, B.; Martens, T.; van Dijk, J.; Paulussen, S.; Bogaerts, A. |
| Title |
Fluid modeling of the conversion of methane into higher hydrocarbons in an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Plasma processes and polymers |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Process Polym |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
1033-1058 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
| Abstract |
A one-dimensional fluid model for a dielectric barrier discharge in methane, used as a chemical reactor for gas conversion, is developed. The model describes the gas phase chemistry governing the conversion process of methane to higher hydrocarbons. The spatially averaged densities of the various plasma species as a function of time are discussed. Besides, the conversion of methane and the yields of the reaction products as a function of the residence time in the reactor are shown and compared with experimental data. Higher hydrocarbons (C2Hy and C3Hy) and hydrogen gas are typically found to be important reaction products. Furthermore, the main underlying reaction pathways are determined. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Weinheim |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000297745500005 |
Publication Date |
2011-07-11 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1612-8850; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
2.846 |
Times cited |
70 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.846; 2011 IF: 2.468 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:92443 |
Serial |
1227 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Tinck, S.; Bogaerts, A.; Shamiryan, D. |
| Title |
Simultaneous etching and deposition processes during the etching of silicon with a Cl2/O2/Ar inductively coupled plasma |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Plasma processes and polymers |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Process Polym |
| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
490-499 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
| Abstract |
In this article, surface processes occurring during the etching of Si with a Cl2/O2/Ar plasma are investigated by means of experiments and modeling. Cl2-based plasmas are commonly used to etch silicon, while a small fraction of O2 is added to protect the sidewalls from lateral etching during the shallow trench isolation process. When the oxygen fraction exceeds a critical value, the wafer surface process changes from an etching regime to a deposition regime, drastically reducing the etch rate. This effect is commonly referred to as the etch stop phenomenon. To gain better understanding of this mechanism, the oxygen fraction is varied in the gas mixture and special attention is paid to the effects of oxygen and of the redeposition of non-volatile etched species on the overall etch/deposition process. It is found that, when the O2 flow is increased, the etch process changes from successful etching to the formation of a rough surface, and eventually to the actual growth of an oxide layer which completely blocks the etching of the underlying Si. The size of this etch stop island was found to increase as a function of oxygen flow, while its thickness was dependent on the amount of Si etched. This suggests that the growth of the oxide layer mainly depends on the redeposition of non-volatile etch products. The abrupt change in the etch rate as a function of oxygen fraction was not found back in the oxygen content of the plasma, suggesting the competitive nature between oxidation and chlorination at the wafer. Finally, the wafer and reactor wall compositions were investigated by modeling and it was found that the surface rapidly consisted mainly of SiO2 when the O2 flow was increased above about 15 sccm. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Weinheim |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000292116800003 |
Publication Date |
2011-03-29 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1612-8850; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
2.846 |
Times cited |
5 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.846; 2011 IF: 2.468 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:90926 |
Serial |
3014 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Molina, L.; Tan, H.; Biermans, E.; Batenburg, K.J.; Verbeeck, J.; Bals, S.; Van Tendeloo, G. |
| Title |
Barrier efficiency of sponge-like La2Zr2O7 buffer layers for YBCO-coated conductors |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Superconductor science and technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond Sci Tech |
| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
065019-065019,8 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Vision lab |
| Abstract |
Solution derived La2Zr2O7 films have drawn much attention for potential applications as thermal barriers or low-cost buffer layers for coated conductor technology. Annealing and coating parameters strongly affect the microstructure of La2Zr2O7, but different film processing methods can yield similar microstructural features such as nanovoids and nanometer-sized La2Zr2O7 grains. Nanoporosity is a typical feature found in such films and the implications for the functionality of the films are investigated by a combination of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) and quantitative electron tomography. Chemical solution based La2Zr2O7 films deposited on flexible Ni5 at.%W substrates with a {100}lang001rang biaxial texture were prepared for an in-depth characterization. A sponge-like structure composed of nanometer-sized voids is revealed by high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy in combination with electron tomography. A three-dimensional quantification of nanovoids in the La2Zr2O7 film is obtained on a local scale. Mostly non-interconnected highly faceted nanovoids compromise more than one-fifth of the investigated sample volume. The diffusion barrier efficiency of a 170 nm thick La2Zr2O7 film is investigated by STEM-EELS, yielding a 1.8 ± 0.2 nm oxide layer beyond which no significant nickel diffusion can be detected and intermixing is observed. This is of particular significance for the functionality of YBa2Cu3O7 − δ coated conductor architectures based on solution derived La2Zr2O7 films as diffusion barriers. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Bristol |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000290472900021 |
Publication Date |
2011-04-20 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0953-2048;1361-6668; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
2.878 |
Times cited |
31 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
Esteem 026019; Fwo |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.878; 2011 IF: 2.662 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88639UA @ admin @ c:irua:88639 |
Serial |
221 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Kapra, A.V.; Misko, V.R.; Vodolazov, D.Y.; Peeters, F.M. |
| Title |
The guidance of vortex-antivortex pairs by in-plane magnetic dipoles in a superconducting finite-size film |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Superconductor science and technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond Sci Tech |
| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
024014-024014,8 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
| Abstract |
The possibility of manipulating vortex matter by using various artificial pinning arrays is of significant importance for possible applications in nano and micro fluxonics devices. By numerically solving the time-dependent GinzburgLandau equations, we study the vortexantivortex (vav) dynamics in a hybrid structure consisting of a finite-size superconductor with magnetic dipoles on top which generate vav pairs in the presence of an external current. The vav dynamics is analyzed for different arrangements and magnetic moments of the dipoles, as a function of angle α between the direction of the magnetic dipole and that of the Lorentz force produced by the applied current. The interplay of the attractive interaction between a vav pair and the Lorentz force leads either to the separation of (anti)vortices and their motion in opposite directions or to their annihilation. We found a critical angle αc, below which vortices and antivortices are repelled, while for larger angles they annihilate. In case of a single (few) magnetic dipole(s), this magnetic dipole induced vav guidance is influenced by the self-interaction of the vav pairs with their images in a finite-size sample, while for a periodic array of dipoles the guidance is determined by the interaction of a vav pair with other dipoles and vav pairs created by them. This effect is tunable through the external current and the magnetization and size of the magnetic dipoles. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Bristol |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000286379900015 |
Publication Date |
2011-01-20 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0953-2048;1361-6668; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
2.878 |
Times cited |
28 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; This work was supported by the 'Odysseus' program of the Flemish Government and the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO-Vl), the Interuniversity Attraction Poles (IAP) Programme-Belgian State-Belgian Science Policy, and the FWO-Vl. DYV acknowledges support from the Russian Fund for Basic Research and Russian Agency of Education under the Federal Programme 'Scientific and educational personnel of innovative Russia in 2009-2013'. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.878; 2011 IF: 2.662 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88732 |
Serial |
1399 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Milošević, M.V.; Peeters, F.M.; Jankó, B. |
| Title |
Vortex manipulation in superconducting films with tunable magnetic topology |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Superconductor science and technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Supercond Sci Tech |
| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
024001-024001,6 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
| Abstract |
Using a combination of the phenomenological GinzburgLandau theory and micromagnetic simulations, we study properties of a superconducting film with an array of soft magnetic dots on top. An external in-plane magnetic field gradually drives the magnets from an out-of-plane or magnetic vortex state to an in-plane single-domain state, which changes spatially the distribution of the superconducting condensate. If induced by the magnets, the vortexantivortex molecules exhibit rich transitions as a function of the applied in-plane field. At the same time, we show how the magnetic dots act as very effective dynamic pinning centers for vortices in an applied perpendicular magnetic field. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Bristol |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000286379900002 |
Publication Date |
2011-01-20 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0953-2048;1361-6668; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
2.878 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; This research was supported by the Flemish Science Foundation (FWO-Vl), the Belgian Science Policy (IAP), the JSPS/ESF-NES program, the bilateral project between Flanders and the USA, NSF NIRT, ECS-0609249, and the Institute for Theoretical Sciences. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.878; 2011 IF: 2.662 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88731 |
Serial |
3870 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Ang, F.; Van Passel, S.; Mathijs, E. |
| Title |
An aggregate resource efficiency perspective on sustainability : a sustainable value application to the EU-15 countries |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Ecological Economics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecol Econ |
| Volume |
71 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
99-110 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Economics |
| Abstract |
The Sustainable Value approach integrates the efficiency with regard to environmental, social and economic resources into a monetary indicator. It gained significant popularity as evidenced by diverse applications at the corporate level. However, its introduction as a measure adhering to the strong sustainability paradigm sparked an ardent debate. This study explores its validity as a macroeconomic strong sustainability measure by applying the Sustainable Value approach to the EU-15 countries. Concretely, we assessed environmental, social and economic resources in combination with the GDP for all EU-15 countries from 1995 to 2006 for three benchmark alternatives. The results show that several countries manage to adequately delink resource use from GDP growth. Furthermore, the remarkable difference in outcome between the national and EU-15 benchmark indicates a possible inefficiency of the current allocation of national resource ceilings imposed by the European institutions. Additionally, by using an effects model we argue that the service degree of the economy and governmental expenditures on social protection and research and development are important determinants of overall resource efficiency. Finally, we sketch out three necessary conditions to link the Sustainable Value approach to the strong sustainability paradigm. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000297396700011 |
Publication Date |
2011-09-28 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0921-8009; 1873-6106 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
2.965 |
Times cited |
12 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.965; 2011 IF: 2.713 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:127560 |
Serial |
6151 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Horemans, B.; Cardell, C.; Bencs, L.; Kontozova-Deutsch, V.; De Wael, K.; Van Grieken, R. |
| Title |
Evaluation of airborne particles at the Alhambra monument in Granada, Spain |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Microchemical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microchem J |
| Volume |
99 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
429-438 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
As a part of an ongoing investigation regarding the air quality at the Alhambra monument (UNESCO World Cultural Heritage), indoor and outdoor atmospheric aerosols (PM1 and PM10-1) and pollutant gases (O3, NO2, SO2 and NH3) were studied during summer and winter. Bulk elements, ionic compounds and black carbon (BC) in aerosols were analyzed with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, ion chromatography and aethalometry/reflectometry, respectively. Natural PM10-1 aerosols, such as carbonate-rich soil and sea salts, reacted with a typical urban atmosphere, producing a mixture of particulates with diverse chemical composition. The content/formation of secondary inorganic aerosols depended on the air temperature and absolute humidity. Ratios of typical mineral elements (i.e., Ti/Fe and Si/Fe) showed that Saharan dust events contribute to the composition of the observed mineral aerosol content. BC, V and Ni originated from diesel exhaust, while Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn came mainly from non-exhaust vehicular emissions. Weathering phenomena, such as blackening and pigment discoloration, which could arise from gradual aerosol deposition indoors, are discussed. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000295770700042 |
Publication Date |
2011-06-28 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0026-265x; 0026-265x |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.034 |
Times cited |
39 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.034; 2011 IF: 3.048 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:91720 |
Serial |
5611 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Kontozova-Deutsch, V.; Deutsch, F.; Godoi, R.H.M.; Van Grieken, R.; De Wael, K. |
| Title |
Urban air pollutants and their micro effects on medieval stained glass windows |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Microchemical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microchem J |
| Volume |
99 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
508-513 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Levels of urban gaseous and particulate pollutants were investigated in the Cathedral of Cologne, Germany in the framework of the EU-project VIDRIO. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of a protective double glazing system on the preservation of ancient stained glass windows by sampling at protected and unprotected windows (indoors, in the interspace and outdoor of the Cathedral). The interspace between the ancient stained glass window and the protective glazing is flushed in the Cathedral by indoor air, hence isolating the historic glass from the outdoor air and exposing it to indoor air on both sides of the glass panels. Concentrations of aggressive gaseous pollutants such as NO2, SO2, O3 and CO2 as well as elemental concentrations of bulk particles and relative abundances of single particles were surveyed at all sampling locations. Elemental concentrations in bulk particulate matter were found to be significantly lower inside the Cathedral in comparison to the outdoor air. This result is advantageous for the stained glass windows. Single particle analysis of the samples from Cologne showed also soil dust and organic particles as well as sulphates and nitrates, from which the latter two compounds are dangerous for the stained glass windows. On the base of the obtained results, it can be concluded that the protective glazing system in the Cathedral of Cologne can be considered as predominantly advantageous from both the gases' point of view (except for NO2-candles burning) and from the particles' point of view. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
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Wos |
000295770700053 |
Publication Date |
2011-07-23 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0026-265x; 0026-265x |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.034 |
Times cited |
6 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; This research was supported by the European Commission through the “VIDRIO-project”, contract no. EVK4-CT-2001-00045. Financial support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors acknowledge the assistance and advice during the experimental work given by the Dombauhutte team in Cologne, especially by Dr. Ulrike Brinkman and Gunter Hettinger. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.034; 2011 IF: 3.048 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:91078 |
Serial |
5889 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Katti, G.; Stucchi, M.; Velenis, D.; Sorée, B.; de Meyer, K.; Dehaene, W. |
| Title |
Temperature-dependent modeling and characterization of through-silicon via capacitance |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
IEEE electron device letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ieee Electr Device L |
| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
563-565 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
| Abstract |
A semianalytical model of the through-silicon via (TSV) capacitance for elevated operating temperatures is derived and verified with electrical measurements. The effect of temperature on the increase in TSV capacitance over different technology parameters is explored, and it is shown that higher oxide thickness reduces the impact of temperature rise on TSV capacitance, while with low doped substrates, which are instrumental for reducing the TSV capacitance, the sensitivity of TSV capacitance to temperature is large and cannot be ignored. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000288664800045 |
Publication Date |
2011-03-04 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0741-3106;1558-0563; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.048 |
Times cited |
27 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.048; 2011 IF: 2.849 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89402 |
Serial |
3498 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
De Backer, L.; Vos, W.; Dieriks, B.; Daems, D.; Verhulst, S.; Vinchurkar, S.; Ides, K.; de Backer, J.; Germonpré, P.; de Backer, W. |
| Title |
The effects of long-term noninvasive ventilation in hypercapnic COPD patients : a randomized controlled pilot study |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Chronic Obstr |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
615-624 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP) |
| Abstract |
Introduction: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a well-established treatment for acute-on-chronic respiratory failure in hypercapnic COPD patients. Less is known about the effects of a long-term treatment with NIV in hypercapnic COPD patients and about the factors that may predict response in terms of improved oxygenation and lowered CO2 retention.Methods: In this study, we randomized 15 patients to a routine pharmacological treatment (n = 5, age 66 [standard deviation ± 6] years, FEV1 30.5 [±5.1] %pred, PaO2 65 [±6] mmHg, PaCO2 52.4 [±6.0] mmHg) or to a routine treatment and NIV (using the Synchrony BiPAP device [Respironics, Inc, Murrsville, PA]) (n = 10, age 65 [±7] years, FEV1 29.5 [±9.0] %pred, PaO2 59 [±13] mmHg, PaCO2 55.4 [±7.7] mmHg) for 6 months. We looked at arterial blood gasses, lung function parameters and performed a low-dose computed tomography of the thorax, which was later used for segmentation (providing lobe and airway volumes, iVlobe and iVaw) and post-processing with computer methods (providing airway resistance, iRaw) giving overall a functional image of the separate airways and lobes.Results: In both groups there was a nonsignificant change in FEV1 (NIV group 29.5 [9.0] to 38.5 [14.6] %pred, control group 30.5 [5.1] to 36.8 [8.7] mmHg). PaCO2 dropped significantly only in the NIV group (NIV: 55.4 [7.7] → 44.5 [4.70], P = 0.0076; control: 52.4 [6.0] → 47.6 [8.2], NS). Patients actively treated with NIV developed a more inhomogeneous redistribution of mass flow than control patients. Subsequent analysis indicated that in NIV-treated patients that improve their blood gases, mass flow was also redistributed towards areas with higher vessel density and less emphysema, indicating that flow was redistributed towards areas with better perfusion. There was a highly significant correlation between the % increase in mass flow towards lobes with a blood vessel density of >9% and the increase in PaO2. Improved ventilation–perfusion match and recruitment of previously occluded small airways can explain the improvement in blood gases.Conclusion: We can conclude that in hypercapnic COPD patients treated with long-term NIV over 6 months, a mass flow redistribution occurs, providing a better ventilation–perfusion match and hence better blood gases and lung function. Control patients improve homogeneously in iVaw and iRaw, without improvement in gas exchange since there is no improved ventilation/perfusion ratio or increased alveolar ventilation. These differences in response can be detected through functional imaging, which gives a more detailed report on regional lung volumes and resistances than classical lung function tests do. Possibly only patients with localized small airway disease are good candidates for long-term NIV treatment. To confirm this and to see if better arterial blood gases also lead to better health related quality of life and longer survival, we have to study a larger population. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000208709800066 |
Publication Date |
2011-11-18 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1178-2005; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.157 |
Times cited |
28 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.157; 2011 IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93164 |
Serial |
866 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
De Backer, L.A.; Vos, W.G.; Salgado, R.; de Backer, J.W.; Devolder, A.; Verhulst, S.L.; Claes, R.; Germonpré, P.R.; de Backer, W.A. |
| Title |
Functional imaging using computer methods to compare the effect of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in patient-specific airway models of COPD |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Chronic Obstr |
| Volume |
6 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
637-646 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); Vision lab; Laboratory Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP) |
| Abstract |
Background: Salbutamol and ipratropium bromide improve lung function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, their bronchodilating effect has not yet been compared in the central and distal airways. Functional imaging using computational fluid dynamics offers the possibility of making such a comparison. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide on the geometry and computational fluid dynamics-based resistance of the central and distal airways.Methods: Five patients with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Stage III COPD were randomized to a single dose of salbutamol or ipratropium bromide in a crossover manner with a 1-week interval between treatments. Patients underwent lung function testing and a multislice computed tomography scan of the thorax that was used for functional imaging. Two hours after dosing, the patients again underwent lung function tests and repeat computed tomography.Results: Lung function parameters, including forced expiratory volume in 1 second, vital capacity, overall airway resistance, and specific airway resistance, changed significantly after administration of each product. On functional imaging, the bronchodilating effect was greater in the distal airways, with a corresponding drop in airway resistance, compared with the central airways. Salbutamol and ipratropium bromide were equally effective at first glance when looking at lung function tests, but when viewed in more detail with functional imaging, hyporesponsiveness could be shown for salbutamol in one patient. Salbutamol was more effective in the other patients.Conclusion: This pilot study gives an innovative insight into the modes of action of salbutamol and ipratropium bromide in patients with COPD, using the new techniques of functional imaging and computational fluid dynamics. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
|
Wos |
000208709800068 |
Publication Date |
2011-11-28 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1178-2005; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.157 |
Times cited |
25 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.157; 2011 IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93165 |
Serial |
1300 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Verberck, B. |
| Title |
Symmetry-adapted rotator functions for molecules in cylindrical confinement |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
International journal of molecular sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Mol Sci |
| Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
317-333 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
| Abstract |
We present a general description of the formalism of symmetry-adapted rotator functions (SARFs) for molecules in cylindrical confinement. Molecules are considered as clusters of interaction centers (ICs), can have any symmetry, and can display different types of ICs. Cylindrical confinement can be realized by encapsulation in a carbon nanotube (CNT). The potential energy of a molecule surrounded by a CNT can be calculated by evaluating a limited number of terms of an expansion into SARFs, which offers a significant reduction of the computation time. Optimal molecular orientations can be deduced from the resulting potential energy landscape. Examples, including the case of a molecule with cubic symmetry inside a CNT, are discussed. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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| Language |
|
Wos |
000286583400017 |
Publication Date |
2011-01-13 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1422-0067; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.226 |
Times cited |
1 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.226; 2011 IF: NA |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:88048 |
Serial |
3402 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Lindner, H.; Loper, K.H.; Hahn, D.W.; Niemax, K. |
| Title |
The influence of laser-particle interaction in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma spectrometry |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Spectrochim Acta B |
| Volume |
66 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
179-185 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
| Abstract |
Particles produced by previous laser shots may have significant influence on the analytical signal in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma (LA-ICP) spectrometry if they remain close to the position of laser sampling. The effects of these particles on the laser-induced breakdown event are demonstrated in several ways. LIBS-experiments were conducted in an ablation cell at atmospheric conditions in argon or air applying a dual-pulse arrangement with orthogonal pre-pulse, i.e., plasma breakdown in a gas generated by a focussed laser beam parallel and close to the sample surface followed by a delayed crossing laser pulse in orthogonal direction which actually ablates material from the sample and produces the LIBS plasma. The optical emission of the LIBS plasma as well as the absorption of the pre-pulse laser was measured. In the presence of particles in the focus of the pre-pulse laser, the plasma breakdown is affected and more energy of the pre-pulse laser is absorbed than without particles. As a result, the analyte line emission from the LIBS plasma of the second laser is enhanced. It is assumed that the enhancement is not only due to an increase of mass ablated by the second laser but also to better atomization and excitation conditions favored by a reduced gas density in the pre-pulse plasma. Higher laser pulse frequencies increase the probability of particle-laser interaction and, therefore, reduce the shot-to-shot line intensity variation as compared to lower particle loadings in the cell. Additional experiments using an aerosol chamber were performed to further quantify the laser absorption by the plasma in dependence on time both with and without the presence of particles. The overall implication of laser-particle interactions for LIBS and LA-ICP-MS/OES are discussed. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000289328900012 |
Publication Date |
2011-01-20 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0584-8547; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.241 |
Times cited |
12 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.241; 2011 IF: 2.876 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89008 |
Serial |
1627 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Lindner, H.; Bogaerts, A. |
| Title |
Multi-element model for the simulation of inductively coupled plasmas : effects of helium addition to the central gas stream |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Spectrochim Acta B |
| Volume |
66 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
421-431 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
| Abstract |
A model for an atmospheric pressure inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is developed which allows rather easy extension to a variable number of species and ionisation degrees. This encompasses an easy calculation of transport parameters for mixtures, ionisation and heat capacity. The ICP is modeled in an axisymmetric geometry, taking into account the gas streaming into a flowing ambient gas. A mixture of argon and helium is applied in the injector gas stream as it is often done in laser ablation ICP spectrometry. The results show a strong influence of the added helium on the center of the ICP, which is important for chemical analysis. The length of the central channel is significantly increased and the temperature inside is significantly higher than in the case of pure argon. This means that higher gas volume flow rates can be applied by addition of helium compared to the use of pure argon. This has the advantage that the gas velocity in the transport system towards the ICP can be increased, which allows shorter washout-times. Consequently, shorter measurement times can be achieved, e.g. for spatial mapping analyses in laser ablation ICP spectrometry. Furthermore, the higher temperature and the longer effective plasma length will increase the maximum size of droplets or particles injected into the ICP that are completely evaporated at the detection site. Thus, we expect an increase of the analytical performance of the ICP by helium addition to the injector gas. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000293488700003 |
Publication Date |
2011-04-20 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0584-8547; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.241 |
Times cited |
28 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.241; 2011 IF: 2.876 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:90190 |
Serial |
2209 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
Bultinck, E.; Bogaerts, A. |
| Title |
Characterization of an Ar/O2 magnetron plasma by a multi-species Monte Carlo model |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Plasma sources science and technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Sources Sci T |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
045013-045013,12 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
| Abstract |
A combined Monte Carlo (MC)/analytical surface model is developed to study the plasma processes occurring during the reactive sputter deposition of TiOx thin films. This model describes the important plasma species with a MC approach (i.e. electrons, Ar+ ions, {\rm O}_2 |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Institute of Physics |
Place of Publication |
Bristol |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000295829800015 |
Publication Date |
2011-06-14 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0963-0252;1361-6595; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.302 |
Times cited |
7 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.302; 2011 IF: 2.521 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:89732 |
Serial |
316 |
| Permanent link to this record |
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| |
| Author |
Tinck, S.; Bogaerts, A. |
| Title |
Computer simulations of an oxygen inductively coupled plasma used for plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Plasma sources science and technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Sources Sci T |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
015008-015008,10 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
| Abstract |
In this paper, an O2 inductively coupled plasma used for plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 thin films is investigated by means of modeling. This work intends to provide more information about basic plasma properties such as species densities and species fluxes to the substrate as a function of power and pressure, which might be hard to measure experimentally. For this purpose, a hybrid model developed by Kushner et al is applied to calculate the plasma characteristics in the reactor volume for different chamber pressures ranging from 1 to 10 mTorr and different coil powers ranging from 50 to 500 W. Density profiles of the various oxygen containing plasma species are reported as well as fluxes to the substrate under various operating conditions. Furthermore, different orientations of the substrate, which can be placed vertically or horizontally in the reactor, are taken into account. In addition, special attention is paid to the recombination process of atomic oxygen on the different reactor walls under the stated operating conditions. From this work it can be concluded that the plasma properties change significantly in different locations of the reactor. The plasma density near the cylindrical coil is high, while it is almost negligible in the neighborhood of the substrate. Ion and excited species fluxes to the substrate are found to be very low and negligible. Finally, the orientation of the substrate has a minor effect on the flux of O2, while it has a significant effect on the flux of O. In the horizontal configuration, the flux of atomic oxygen can be up to one order of magnitude lower than in the vertical configuration. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Institute of Physics |
Place of Publication |
Bristol |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000286592200009 |
Publication Date |
2011-01-08 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0963-0252;1361-6595; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.302 |
Times cited |
11 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.302; 2011 IF: 2.521 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:85285 |
Serial |
467 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
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| |
| Author |
De Bie, C.; Martens, T.; van Dijk, J.; Paulussen, S.; Verheyde, B.; Corthals, S.; Bogaerts, A. |
| Title |
Dielectric barrier discharges used for the conversion of greenhouse gases: modeling the plasma chemistry by fluid simulations |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Plasma sources science and technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Sources Sci T |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
024008,1-024008,11 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
| Abstract |
The conversion of methane to value-added chemicals and fuels is considered to be one of the challenges of the 21st century. In this paper we study, by means of fluid modeling, the conversion of methane to higher hydrocarbons or oxygenates by partial oxidation with CO2 or O2 in a dielectric barrier discharge. Sixty-nine different plasma species (electrons, ions, molecules, radicals) are included in the model, as well as a comprehensive set of chemical reactions. The calculation results presented in this paper include the conversion of the reactants and the yields of the reaction products as a function of residence time in the reactor, for different gas mixing ratios. Syngas (i.e. H2 + CO) and higher hydrocarbons (C2Hx) are typically found to be important reaction products. |
| Address |
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| Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Institute of Physics |
Place of Publication |
Bristol |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000290719900009 |
Publication Date |
2011-04-02 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
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| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0963-0252;1361-6595; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.302 |
Times cited |
38 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.302; 2011 IF: 2.521 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87868 |
Serial |
689 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Tinck, S.; Boullart, W.; Bogaerts, A. |
| Title |
Modeling Cl2/O2/Ar inductively coupled plasmas used for silicon etching : effects of SiO2 chamber wall coating |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Plasma sources science and technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Plasma Sources Sci T |
| Volume |
20 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
045012-045012,19 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
| Abstract |
In this paper, simulations are performed to gain a better insight into the properties of a Cl2/Ar plasma, with and without O2, during plasma etching of Si. Both plasma and surface properties are calculated in a self-consistent manner. Special attention is paid to the behavior of etch products coming from the wafer or the walls, and how the chamber walls can affect the plasma and the resulting etch process. Two modeling cases are considered. In the first case, the reactor walls are defined as clean (Al2O3), whereas in the second case a SiO2 coating is introduced on the reactor walls before the etching process, so that oxygen will be sputtered from the walls and introduced into the plasma. For this reason, a detailed reaction set is presented for a Cl2/O2/Ar plasma containing etched species, as well as an extensive reaction set for surface processes, including physical and chemical sputtering, chemical etching and deposition processes. Density and flux profiles of various species are presented for a better understanding of the bulk plasma during the etching process. Detailed information is also given on the composition of the surfaces at various locations of the reactor, on the etch products in the plasma and on the surface loss probabilities of the plasma species at the walls, with different compositions. It is found that in the clean chamber, walls are mostly chlorinated (Al2Cl3), with a thin layer of etch products residing on the wall. In the coated chamber, an oxy-chloride layer is grown on the walls for a few nanometers during the etching process. The Cl atom wall loss probability is found to decrease significantly in the coated chamber, hence increasing the etch rate. SiCl2, SiCl4 and SiCl3 are found to be the main etch products in the plasma, with the fraction of SiCl2 being always slightly higher. The simulation results compare well with experimental data available from the literature. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
Institute of Physics |
Place of Publication |
Bristol |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000295829800014 |
Publication Date |
2011-06-14 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0963-0252;1361-6595; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.302 |
Times cited |
22 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.302; 2011 IF: 2.521 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:91045 |
Serial |
2141 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Khaydarov, R.T.; Beisinbaeva, H.B.; Sabitov, M.M.; Kalal, M.; Berdiyorov, G.R. |
| Title |
Effect of light gas atom inclusions on the characteristics of laser-produced plasma ions |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Nuclear fusion |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nucl Fusion |
| Volume |
51 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
103041,1-103041,3 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT) |
| Abstract |
Using the mass-spectrometric method we studied the effect of light gas inclusions on the formation process of multi-component laser-induced plasma ions. Masscharge characteristics, as well as energy and spatial distribution of the plasma ions are analysed. We found that both the energy and maximal charge of heavy component ions decrease due to the presence of gas atoms in the solid target surface layer. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
Vienna |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000296603800043 |
Publication Date |
2011-09-23 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0029-5515;1741-4326; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.307 |
Times cited |
1 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.307; 2011 IF: 4.090 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:93761 |
Serial |
821 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Shestakov, M.V.; Tikhomirov, V.K.; Kirilenko, D.; Kuznetsov, A.S.; Chibotaru, L.F.; Baranov, A.N.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Moshchalkov, V.V. |
| Title |
Quantum cutting in Li (770 nm) and Yb (1000 nm) co-dopant emission bands by energy transfer from the ZnO nano-crystalline host |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Optics express |
Abbreviated Journal |
Opt Express |
| Volume |
19 |
Issue |
17 |
Pages |
15955-15964 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT) |
| Abstract |
Li-Yb co-doped nano-crystalline ZnO has been synthesized by a method of thermal growth from the salt mixtures. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy confirm the doping and indicate that the dopants may form Li-Li and Yb3+-Li based nanoclusters. When pumped into the conduction and exciton absorption bands of ZnO between 250 to 425 nm, broad emission bands of about 100 nm half-height-width are excited around 770 and 1000 nm, due to Li and Yb dopants, respectively. These emission bands are activated by energy transfer from the ZnO host mostly by quantum cutting processes, which generate pairs of quanta in Li (770 nm) and Yb (1000 nm) emission bands, respectively, out of one quantum absorbed by the ZnO host. These quantum cutting phenomena have great potential for application in the down-conversion layers coupled to the Si solar cells. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000293894900033 |
Publication Date |
2011-08-04 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1094-4087; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.307 |
Times cited |
19 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
FWO; Methusalem |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.307; 2011 IF: 3.587 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:92428 |
Serial |
2776 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Huyskens, C.; Lenaerts, S.; Brauns, E.; Diels, L.; de Wever, H. |
| Title |
Study of (ir)reversible fouling in MBRs under various operating conditions using new on-line fouling sensor |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Separation and purification technology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sep Purif Technol |
| Volume |
81 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
208-215 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL) |
| Abstract |
In this study, a new fouling sensor was validated under different conditions of hydraulic (HRT) and sludge retention time (SRT). The MBR-VFM (membrane bioreactor-VITO Fouling Measurement) allows the simultaneous determination of the physically reversible and irreversible fouling potential of a mixed liquor during a single crossflow filtration test. In accordance with the on-line filtration behavior, the measured reversible and irreversible fouling propensities differed significantly between MBRs operated at different combinations of HRT-SRT. Moreover, a significant negative correlation was found between the on-line permeability and the reversible and irreversible fouling propensity measured by the MBR-VFM. This corresponded to observations made on membrane recovery after physical or chemical cleaning actions. Higher reversible and irreversible fouling were observed at lower HRT, presumably as a consequence of increased concentrations of foulants present. The effect of SRT was much smaller and restricted to the reversible fouling component. Possible explanations for the increased fouling at prolonged SRT are the higher sludge and colloid concentration and the smaller floc size. It can be concluded that the MBR-VFM is a useful tool to monitor fluctuations in a mixed liquors (ir)reversible fouling potential and can contribute to a deeper understanding of the occurring fouling phenomena. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000296108500012 |
Publication Date |
2011-08-01 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
1383-5866 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.359 |
Times cited |
15 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.359; 2011 IF: 2.921 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:93410 |
Serial |
5992 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Simon, P.; Bogaerts, A. |
| Title |
Vibrational level population of nitrogen impurities in low-pressure argon glow discharges |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
804-810 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT) |
| Abstract |
The vibrational level populations of the electronic ground state of the nitrogen molecule have been calculated for typical glow discharge conditions in argonnitrogen mixtures with nitrogen concentrations between 0.1 and 1%. Stationary solutions of the master equations of the vibrational levels have been obtained using numerical methods. The main mechanisms responsible for the population and depopulation of the vibrational levels, and for the overall shape of the vibrational distribution function are pointed out. It has been found that vibrationvibration collisions play only a minor role and therefore the population of the vibrational levels is basically determined by the electron temperature. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
London |
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000288703300012 |
Publication Date |
2010-12-07 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0267-9477;1364-5544; |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
6 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220 |
| Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:87530 |
Serial |
3842 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Rouchon, V.; Pellizzi, E.; Duranton, M.; Vanmeert, F.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Combining XANES, ICP-AES, and SEM/EDS for the study of phytate chelating treatments used on iron gall ink damaged manuscripts |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2434-2441 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
Many historical documents written with iron gall inks are endangered by the corrosive effects of these inks. In this work, a combination of complementary analytical methods was used for the first time in order to study the phytate process which is used in conservation studios to stabilize damaged manuscripts. This process consists of an antioxidant treatment performed by means of a calcium phytate (CP) solution, followed by a deacidification treatment performed with a calcium carbonate (CC) solution. The antioxidant treatment capitalizes on the properties of myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid (phytic acid) that inhibits iron through chelation. In order to use relatively low acidic solutions, the pH of the CP solution is increased up to values between 5 and 6, which is in the range of the CP precipitation threshold. This study was performed on laboratory samples made of paper impregnated with iron gall ink and artificially aged in climatic chambers. It aims to investigate how the CP precipitate impacts the efficiency of the treatment. Side effects, such as elemental losses and deposits, were measured by means of several analytical techniques (FeK Edge XANES, SEM/EDS, and ICP-AES). These measurements were crosschecked with a ready to use colour spot test made of bathophenanthroline impregnated paper. It appeared that the CP treatment should necessarily be followed by the deacidification treatment in order to achieve long term stability. The precipitation of CP in the treating solution does finally not impact the efficiency of the treatment despite the fact that it should theoretically lower the availability of phytate to chelate iron. A scenario is proposed to explain this point. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000297030400008 |
Publication Date |
2011-10-06 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
10 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; This research was funded by SOLEIL (proposals 20060396 and 20080761) and was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. We are thankful to the paper conservator students of the Institut National du Patrimoine who were involved in some of the sample preparations, and to Dr Dominique Thiaudiere and Dr Solenn Reguer for their assistance and help during the experiments performed at SOLEIL beamline “DIFFABS”. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:93845 |
Serial |
5527 |
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
| Author |
Cagno, S.; Nuyts, G.; Bugani, S.; De Vis, K.; Schalm, O.; Caen, J.; Helfen, L.; Cotte, M.; Reischig, P.; Janssens, K. |
| Title |
Evaluation of manganese-bodies removal in historical stained glass windows via SR-\mu-XANES/XRF and SR-\mu-CT |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
| Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of analytical atomic spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anal Atom Spectrom |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
2442-2451 |
| Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
| Abstract |
The speed and effectiveness of a conservation treatment used for stained glass windows have been investigated. Dark-coloured Mn-rich stains can be found in the alteration layer of ancient glass artefacts and cause the surface to turn brown/black: this phenomenon is known as Mn-browning or Mn-staining. While in glass manganese is present in the +II or +III oxidation states, in the Mn-rich bodies, manganese is in a higher oxidation state (+IV). In restoration practice, mildly reducing solutions are employed to eliminate the dark colour and restore the clear appearance of the glass. In this paper the effectiveness and side effects of the use of hydroxylamine hydrochloride for this purpose are assessed. Archaeological fragments of stained glass windows, dated to the 14th century and originating from Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge (UK), were examined by means of synchrotron radiation (SR) based microscopic X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy (μ-XANES) and microscopic X-Ray Fluorescence (μ-XRF) and with high resolution computed absorption tomography (μ-CT) before, during and after the treatment. The monitoring of the glass fragments during the treatment allows us to better understand the manner in which the process unfolds and its kinetics. The results obtained reveal that the hydroxylamine hydrochloride treatment is effective, but also that it has a number of unwanted side effects. These findings are useful for optimizing the time and other modalities of the Mn-reducing treatment as well as minimizing its unwanted results. |
| Address |
|
| Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
| Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
| Language |
|
Wos |
000297030400009 |
Publication Date |
2011-10-11 |
| Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
| Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
| ISSN |
0267-9477 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
| Impact Factor |
3.379 |
Times cited |
17 |
Open Access |
|
| Notes |
; This research was supported by the Interuniversity Attraction Poles Programme-Belgian Science Policy (IUAP VI/16). The text also presents results of GOA “XANES meets ELNES” (Research Fund University of Antwerp, Belgium) and from FWO (Brussels, Belgium) projects no. G.0704.08 and G.01769.09. Special thanks to Ms Leonie Seliger, head of the stained-glass conservation studio (The Cathedral Studios-The Chapter of Canterbury Cathedral) for the supply of the archaeological samples. The authors gratefully acknowledge ESRF for granting beamtime (proposal EC-602). ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.379; 2011 IF: 3.220 |
| Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:93848 |
Serial |
5613 |
| Permanent link to this record |
