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Author	van der Stam, W.; Gradmann, S.; Altantzis, T.; Ke, X.; Baldus, M.; Bals, S.; de Mello Donega, C.
Title	Shape Control of Colloidal Cu2-x S Polyhedral Nanocrystals by Tuning the Nucleation Rates			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Mater
Volume	28	Issue	28	Pages	6705-6715
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	Synthesis protocols for colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) with narrow size and shape distributions are of particular interest for the successful implementation of these nanocrystals into devices. Moreover, the preparation of NCs with well-defined crystal phases is of key importance. In this work, we show that Sn(IV)-thiolate complexes formed in situ strongly influence the nucleation and growth rates of colloidal Cu2-x S polyhedral NCs, thereby dictating their final size, shape, and crystal structure. This allowed us to successfully synthesize hexagonal bifrustums and hexagonal bipyramid NCs with low-chalcocite crystal structure, and hexagonal nanoplatelets with various thicknesses and aspect ratios with the djurleite crystal structure, by solely varying the concentration of Sn(IV)-additives (namely, SnBr4) in the reaction medium. Solution and solid-state 119Sn NMR measurements show that SnBr4 is converted in situ to Sn(IV)-thiolate complexes, which increase the Cu2-x S nucleation barrier without affecting the precursor conversion rates. This influences both the nucleation and growth rates in a concentration-dependent fashion and leads to a better separation between nucleation and growth. Our approach of tuning the nucleation and growth rates with in situ-generated Sn-thiolate complexes might have a more general impact due to the availability of various metal-thiolate complexes, possibly resulting in polyhedral NCs of a wide variety of metal-sulfide compositions.
Address	Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80000, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Wos	000384399000037	Publication Date	2016-09-02
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0897-4756	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	9.466	Times cited	27	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	W.v.d.S. and C.d.M.D. acknowledge financial support from the division of Chemical Sciences (CW) of The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) under grant number ECHO.712.012.001. M.B. also gratefully acknowledges NWO for funding the NMR infrastructure (Middle Groot program, grant number 700.58.102). S.B. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant # 335078-COLOURATOMS).; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.466
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:135928			Serial	4285
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Author	Geuchies, J.J.; van Overbeek, C.; Evers, W.H.; Goris, B.; de Backer, A.; Gantapara, A.P.; Rabouw, F.T.; Hilhorst, J.; Peters, J.L.; Konovalov, O.; Petukhov, A.V.; Dijkstra, M.; Siebbeles, L.D.A.; van Aert, S.; Bals, S.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.
Title	In situ study of the formation mechanism of two-dimensional superlattices from PbSe nanocrystals			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	Nature materials	Abbreviated Journal	Nat Mater
Volume	15	Issue	15	Pages	1248-1254
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	Oriented attachment of PbSe nanocubes can result in the formation of two-dimensional (2D) superstructures with long-range nanoscale and atomic order. This questions the applicability of classic models in which the superlattice grows by first forming a nucleus, followed by sequential irreversible attachment of nanocrystals, as one misaligned attachment would disrupt the 2D order beyond repair. Here, we demonstrate the formation mechanism of 2D PbSe superstructures with square geometry by using in situ grazing-incidence X-ray scattering (small angle and wide angle), ex situ electron microscopy, and Monte Carlo simulations. We observed nanocrystal adsorption at the liquid/gas interface, followed by the formation of a hexagonal nanocrystal monolayer. The hexagonal geometry transforms gradually through a pseudo-hexagonal phase into a phase with square order, driven by attractive interactions between the {100} planes perpendicular to the liquid substrate, which maximize facet-to-facet overlap. The nanocrystals then attach atomically via a necking process, resulting in 2D square superlattices.
Address	Condensed Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Wos	000389104400011	Publication Date	2016-09-05
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1476-1122	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	39.737	Times cited	182	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	This research is part of the programme ‘Designing Dirac Carriers in semiconductor honeycomb superlattices (DDC13),’ which is supported by the Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM), which is part of the Dutch Research Council (NWO). J.J.G. acknowledges funding from the Debye and ESRF Graduate Programs. The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (G.036915 G.037413 and funding of postdoctoral grants to B.G. and A.d.B). S.B. acknowledges the European Research Council, ERC grant No 335078—Colouratom. The authors gratefully acknowledge I. Swart and M. van Huis for fruitful discussions. We acknowledge funding from NWO-CW TOPPUNT ‘Superficial Superstructures’. The X-ray scattering measurements were performed at the ID10 beamline at ESRF under proposal numbers SC-4125 and SC-3786. The authors thank G. L. Destri and F. Zontone for their support during the experiments.; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 39.737
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:136165			Serial	4289
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Author	Liu, Y.; Claes, N.; Trepka, B.; Bals, S.; Lang, P.R.
Title	A combined 3D and 2D light scattering study on aqueous colloidal model systems with tunable interactions			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	Soft matter	Abbreviated Journal	Soft Matter
Volume	12	Issue	12	Pages	8485-8494
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	In this article we report on the synthesis and characterization of a system of colloidal spheres suspended in an aqueous solvent which can be refractive index-matched, thus allowing for investigations of the particle near-wall dynamics by evanescent wave dynamic light scattering at concentrations up to the isotropic to ordered transition and beyond. The particles are synthesized by copolymerization of a fluorinated acrylic ester monomer with a polyethylene-glycol (PEG) oligomer by surfactant free emulsion polymerization. Static and dynamic light scattering experiments in combination with cryo transmission electron microscopy reveal that the particles have a core shell structure with a significant enrichment of the PEG chains on the particles surface. In index-matching DMSO/water suspensions the particles arrange in an ordered phase at volume fraction above 7%, if no additional electrolyte is present. The near-wall dynamics at low volume fraction are quantitatively described by the combination of electrostatic repulsion and hydrodynamic interaction between the particles and the wall. At volume fractions close to the isotropic to ordered transition, the near-wall dynamics are more complex and qualitatively reminiscent of the behaviour which was observed in hard sphere suspensions at high concentrations.
Address	Forschugszentrum Julich, Institute of Complex Systems ICS-3, Julich, Germany. p.lang@fz-juelich.de and Heinrich-Heine Universitat, Dusseldorf, Germany
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language	English	Wos	000386247100004	Publication Date	2016-08-22
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1744-683X	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	3.889	Times cited	2	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	The authors thank Prof. J. K. G. Dhont and the ICS-3 group for useful discussions and support. YL would like to thank the Marie Sklodowska Curie Initial Training Network SOMATAI under the EU Grant Agreement No. 316866 for financial support. BT contributed to this work during an internship at Forschungszentrum Ju¨lich supported by the International Helmholtz Research School of Biophysics and Soft Matter (IHRS BioSoft), which is gratefully acknowledged. SB and NC acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant No. 335078-COLOURATOMS).; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:yellow; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.889
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:136166			Serial	4292
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Author	Bals, S.; Goris, B.; de Backer, A.; Van Aert, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.
Title	Atomic resolution electron tomography			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	MRS bulletin	Abbreviated Journal	Mrs Bull
Volume	41	Issue	41	Pages	525-530
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	Over the last two decades, three-dimensional (3D) imaging by transmission electron microscopy or “electron tomography” has evolved into a powerful tool to investigate a variety of nanomaterials in different fields, such as life sciences, chemistry, solid-state physics, and materials science. Most of these results were obtained with nanometer-scale resolution, but different approaches have recently pushed the resolution to the atomic level. Such information is a prerequisite to understand the specific relationship between the atomic structure and the physicochemical properties of (nano) materials. We provide an overview of the latest progress in the field of atomic-resolution electron tomography. Different imaging and reconstruction approaches are presented, and state-of-the-art results are discussed. This article demonstrates the power and importance of electron tomography with atomic-scale resolution.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication	Pittsburgh, Pa	Editor
Language		Wos	000382508100012	Publication Date	2016-07-07
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0883-7694	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	5.199	Times cited	19	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	; The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (G.0381.16N, G.036915, G.0374.13, and funding of postdoctoral grants to B.G. and A.D.B.). S.B. acknowledges the European Research Council, ERC Grant Number 335078-Colouratom. The research leading to these results received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Program under Grant Agreements 312483 (ESTEEM2). The authors would like to thank the colleagues who have contributed to this work, including K.J. Batenburg, J. De Beenhouwer, R. Erni, M.D. Rossell, W. Van den Broek, L. Liz-Marzan, E. Carbo-Argibay, S. Gomez-Grana, P. Lievens, M. Van Bael, B. Partoens, B. Schoeters, and J. Sijbers. ; ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.199
Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:135690			Serial	4299
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Author	Geboes, B.; Ustarroz, J.; Sentosun, K.; Vanrompay, H.; Hubin, A.; Bals, S.; Breugelmans, T.
Title	Electrochemical behavior of electrodeposited nanoporous Pt catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	ACS catalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Catal
Volume	6	Issue	6	Pages	5856-5864
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Applied Electrochemistry & Catalysis (ELCAT)
Abstract	Nanoporous Pt based nanoparticles (NP's) are promising fuel cell catalysts due to their high surface area and increased electrocatalytic activity toward the ORR In this work a direct double-pulse electrodeposition procedure at room temperature is applied to obtain dendritic Pt structures (89 nm diameter) with a high level of porosity (ca. 25%) and nanopores of 2 nm protruding until the center of the NP's. The particle morphology is characterized using aberration corrected high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and electron tomography (ET) combined with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and macroscopic electrochemical measurements to assess their activity and stability toward the ORR. Macroscopic determination of the active surface area through hydrogen UPD measurements in combination with FESEM and ET showed that a considerable amount of the active sites inside the pores of the low overpotential NP's were accessible to oxygen species. As a result of this accessibility, up to a 9-fold enhancement of the Pt mass corrected ORR activity at 0.85 V vs RHE was observed at the highly porous structures. After successive potential cycling upward to 1.5 V vs RHE in a deaerated HClO4 solution a negative shift of 71 mV in half-wave potential occurred. This decrease in ORR activity could be correlated to the partial collapse of the nanopores, visible in both the EASA values and 3D ET reconstructions.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000382714000025	Publication Date	2016-07-18
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2155-5435	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	10.614	Times cited	48	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	; The Quanta 250 FEG microscope of the Electron Microscopy for Material Science group at the University of Antwerp was funded by the Hercules foundation of the Flemish Government. The authors acknowledge financial support from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek in Flanders (FWOAL708). S.B. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant # 335078-COLOURATOMS). J.U. acknowledges funding from the Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek in Flanders (FWO, postdoctoral grant 12I7816N). ; ecas_Sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 10.614
Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:135703			Serial	4302
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Author	Jany, B.R.; Gauquelin, N.; Willhammar, T.; Nikiel, M.; van den Bos, K.H.W.; Janas, A.; Szajna, K.; Verbeeck, J.; Van Aert, S.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Krok, F.
Title	Controlled growth of hexagonal gold nanostructures during thermally induced self-assembling on Ge(001) surface			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2017	Publication	Scientific reports	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Rep-Uk
Volume	7	Issue	7	Pages	42420
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	Nano-sized gold has become an important material in various fields of science and technology, where control over the size and crystallography is desired to tailor the functionality. Gold crystallizes in the face-centered cubic (fcc) phase, and its hexagonal closed packed (hcp) structure is a very unusual and rare phase. Stable Au hcp phase has been reported to form in nanoparticles at the tips of some Ge nanowires. It has also recently been synthesized in the form of thin graphene-supported sheets which are unstable under electron beam irradiation. Here, we show that stable hcp Au 3D nanostructures with well-defined crystallographic orientation and size can be systematically created in a process of thermally induced self-assembly of thin Au layer on Ge(001) monocrystal. The Au hcp crystallite is present in each Au nanostructure and has been characterized by different electron microscopy techniques. We report that a careful heat treatment above the eutectic melting temperature and a controlled cooling is required to form the hcp phase of Au on a Ge single crystal. This new method gives scientific prospects to obtain stable Au hcp phase for future applications in a rather simple manner as well as redefine the phase diagram of Gold with Germanium.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000393940700001	Publication Date	2017-02-14
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2045-2322	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	4.259	Times cited	25	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Polish National Science Center, grant no. DEC-2012/07/B/ST5/00906. N.G., G.V.T. and J.V. acknowledge the European Union (EU) Council under the 7th Framework Program (FP7) ERC Starting Grant 278510 VORTEX for support. The Research Foundation Flanders is acknowledged through project fundings (G.0374.13N, G.0368.15N, G.0369.15N) and for a Ph.D. research grant to K.H.W.v.d.B. The microscope was partly funded by the Hercules Fund from the Flemish Government. T.W. acknowledges the Swedish Research Council for an international postdoc grant. The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement 312483–ESTEEM2 (Integrated Infrastructure Initiative–I3). Part of the research was carried out with equipment purchased with financial support from the European Regional Development Fund in the framework of the Polish Innovation Economy Operational Program (Contract No. POIG.02.01.00-12-023/08).			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.259
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:140846UA @ admin @ c:irua:140846			Serial	4423
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Author	Alania, M.; Altantzis, T.; De Backer, A.; Lobato, I.; Bals, S.; Van Aert, S.
Title	Depth sectioning combined with atom-counting in HAADF STEM to retrieve the 3D atomic structure			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
Volume	177	Issue	177	Pages	36-42
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	Aberration correction in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has greatly improved the lateral and depth resolution. When using depth sectioning, a technique during which a series of images is recorded at different defocus values, single impurity atoms can be visualised in three dimensions. In this paper, we investigate new possibilities emerging when combining depth sectioning and precise atom-counting in order to reconstruct nanosized particles in three dimensions. Although the depth resolution does not allow one to precisely locate each atom within an atomic column, it will be shown that the depth location of an atomic column as a whole can be measured precisely. In this manner, the morphology of a nanoparticle can be reconstructed in three dimensions. This will be demonstrated using simulations and experimental data of a gold nanorod.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000401219800006	Publication Date	2016-11-09
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	13	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Union under the Seventh Framework Program under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative. Reference No. 312483-ESTEEM2. S. Bals acknowledges funding from the European Research Council (Starting Grant No. COLOURATOMS 335078). The authors acknowledge financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through project fundings (G.0374.13N, G.0369.15N and G.0368.15N) and a post-doctoral grant to A. De Backer and T. Altantzis. The authors are grateful to Professor Luis M. Liz-Marzán for providing the sample.; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:138015UA @ admin @ c:irua:138015			Serial	4316
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Author	Mazzeo, P.P.; Canossa, S.; Carraro, C.; Pelagatti, P.; Bacchi, A.
Title	Systematic coformer contribution to cocrystal stabilization: energy and packing trends			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2020	Publication	Crystengcomm	Abbreviated Journal	Crystengcomm
Volume	22	Issue	43	Pages	7341-7349
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	Polycyclic aromatic compounds such as acridine and phenazine are popular molecular partners used in cocrystal synthesis. The intermolecular interactions occurring between coformers and their molecular partners dominate the cocrystal packing energy, but coformer self-interactions might participate with a constant non-negligible contribution to the overall packing energy stabilization. Two new acridine-based cocrystals have been mechanochemically synthesized, then fully characterized<italic>via</italic>DSC and SCXRD analyses. A statistical analysis in the CSD has been performed to evaluate the recurrent π–π stacking orientation of polycyclic coformers in all deposited acridine-based cocrystals, then extended to phenazine-base analogs. Packing energy calculations were performed on a selected cocrystal subset to quantify the contribution of the π–π interaction to the overall stabilization energy.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000589506600017	Publication Date	2020-03-26
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1466-8033	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	3.1	Times cited		Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	European Cooperation in Science and Technology, CA18112 ; Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali, PAC/Packaging Attivo Cristallino ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.1; 2020 IF: 3.474
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @c:irua:174262			Serial	6661
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Author	Zalfani, M.; Hu, Z.-Y.; Yu, W.-B.; Mahdouani, M.; Bourguig, R.; Wu, M.; Li, Y.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Djoued, Y.; Su, B.-L.
Title	BiVO4/3DOM TiO2 nanocomposites: Effect of BiVO4 as highly efficient visible light sensitizer for highly improved visible light photocatalytic activity in the degradation of dye pollutants			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	Applied Catalysis B-Environmental	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal B-Environ
Volume	205	Issue	205	Pages	121-132
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	A series of BiVO4/3DOM TiO2 nanocomposites have been synthesized and their photocatalytic activity was investigated under visible light irradiation using the RhB dye as model pollutant molecule in an aqueous solution. The effect of the amount of BiVO4 as visible light sensitizer on the photocatalytic activity of BiVO4/3DOM TiO2 nanocomposites was highlighted. The heterostructured composite system leads to much higher photocatalytic efficiencies than bare 3DOM TiO2 and BiVO4 nanoparticles. As the proportion of BiVO4 in BiVO4/3DOM TiO2 nanocomposites increases from 0.04 to 0.6, the photocatalytic performance of the BiVO4/3DOM TiO2 nanocomposites increases and then decreases after reaching a maximum at 0.2. This improvement in photocatalytic perfomance is related to 1) the interfacial electron transfer efficiency between the coupled materials, 2) the 3DOM TiO2 inverse opal structure with interconnected pores providing an easy mass transfer of the reactant molecules and high accessibility to the active sites and large surface area and 3) the effect of light sensitizer of BiVO4. Intensive studies on structural, textural, optical and surface properties reveal that the electronic interactions between BiVO4 and TiO2 lead to an improved charge separation of the coupled BiVO4/TiO2 system. The photogenerated charge carrier densities increase with increasing the BiVO4 content, which acts as visible light sensitizer to the TiO2 and is responsible for the enhancement in the rate of photocatalytic degradation. However, the photocatalytic activity is reduced when the BiVO4 amount is much higher than that of 3DOM TiO2. Two reasons could account for this behavior. First, with increasing BiVO4 content, the photogenerated electron/hole pairs are accumulated at the surface of the BiVO4 nanoparticles and the recombination rate increases as shown by the PL results. Second, decreasing the amount of 3DOM TiO2 in the nanocomposite decreases the surface area as shown by the BET results. Moreover, the poor adsorptive properties of the BiVO4 photocatalyst also affect the photocatalytic performance, in particular at higher BiVO4 content. The present work demonstrates that BiVO4/3DOM TiO2 is a very promising heterojunction system for visible light photocatalytic applications.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000393931000013	Publication Date	2016-12-08
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0926-3373	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	9.446	Times cited	52	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	Z. Y. Hu and G. Van Tendeloo acknowledge support from the EC Framework 7 program ESTEEM2 (Reference 312483).			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.446
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @			Serial	4323
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Author	Bladt, E.; van Dijk-Moes, R.J.A.; Peters, J.; Montanarella, F.; de Mello Donega, C.; Vanmaekelbergh, D.; Bals, S.
Title	Atomic Structure of Wurtzite CdSe (Core)/CdS (Giant Shell) Nanobullets Related to Epitaxy and Growth			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	Journal of the American Chemical Society	Abbreviated Journal	J Am Chem Soc
Volume	138	Issue	138	Pages	14288-14293
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	Hetero-nanocrystals consisting of a CdSe core and a giant CdS shell have shown remarkable optical properties which are promising for applications in opto-electrical devices. Since these properties sensitively depend on the size and shape, a morphological characterization is of high interest. Here, we present a High Angle Annular Dark Field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (HAADF-STEM) study of CdSe (core) / CdS (giant shell) hetero-nanocrystals. Electron tomography reveals that the nanocrystals have a bullet shape, either ending in a tip or a small dip, and that the CdSe core is positioned closer to the tip (or dip) than to the hexagonal base. Based on a high resolution HAADF-STEM study, we were able to determine all the surface facets. We present a heuristic model for the different growth stages of the CdS crystal around the CdSe core.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000387095000026	Publication Date	2016-11-02
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0002-7863	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	13.858	Times cited	28	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	S.B. acknowledges financial support from European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS). D.V. wishes to acknowledge the Dutch Foundation for Fundamental Research on Matter (FOM) in the programme ‘Designing Dirac Carriers in Semiconductor Superstructures’. E.B. gratefully acknowledges financial support by the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO Vlaanderen).; ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.858
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:138251			Serial	4325
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Author	Polavarapu, L.; Zanaga, D.; Altantzis, T.; Rodal-Cedeira, S.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Bals, S.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.
Title	Galvanic Replacement Coupled to Seeded Growth as a Route for Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Plasmonic Nanorattles			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	Journal of the American Chemical Society	Abbreviated Journal	J Am Chem Soc
Volume	138	Issue	138	Pages	11453-11456
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	Shape-controlled synthesis of metal nanoparticles (NPs) requires mechanistic understanding toward the development of modern nanoscience and nanotechnology. We demonstrate here an unconventional shape transformation of Au@Ag core−shell NPs (nanorods and nanocubes) into octahedral nanorattles via roomtemperature galvanic replacement coupled with seeded growth. The corresponding morphological and chemical transformations were investigated in three dimensions, using state-of-the-art X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS) tomography. The addition of a reducing agent (ascorbic acid) plays a key role in this unconventional mechanistic path, in which galvanic replacement is found to dominate initially when the shell is made of Ag, while seeded growth suppresses transmetalation when a composition of Au:Ag (∼60:40) is reached in the shell, as revealed by quantitative XEDS tomography. This work not only opens new avenues toward the shape control of hollow NPs beyond the morphology of sacrificial templates, but also expands our understanding of chemical transformations in nanoscale galvanic replacement reactions. The XEDS electron tomography study presented here can be generally applied to investigate a wide range of nanoscale morphological and chemical transformations.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000383410700008	Publication Date	2016-09-14
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0002-7863	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	13.858	Times cited	75	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	This work has been funded by the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant No. 267867- PLASMAQUO, ERC Starting Grant No. 335078-COLOURATOMS) and Spanish MINECO (Grants MAT2013-45168-R and MAT2013-46101-R); ECAS_Sara; (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot);			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.858
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:137123			Serial	4329
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Author	van der Rest, A.; Idrissi, H.; Henry, F.; Favache, A.; Schryvers, D.; Proost, J.; Raskin, J.-P.; Van Overmeere, Q.; Pardoen, T.
Title	Mechanical behavior of ultrathin sputter deposited porous amorphous Al2O3 films			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2017	Publication	Acta materialia	Abbreviated Journal	Acta Mater
Volume	125	Issue	125	Pages	27-37
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	The determination of the mechanical properties of porous amorphous Al2O3 thin films is essential to address reliability issues in wear-resistant, optical and electronic coating applications. Testing the mechanical properties of Al2O3 films thinner than 200 nm is challenging, and the link between the mechanical behavior and the microstructure of such films is largely unknown. Herein, we report on the elastic and viscoplastic mechanical properties of amorphous Al2O3 thin films synthesized by reactive magnetron sputtering using a combination of internal stress, nanoindentation, and on-chip uniaxial tensile testing, together with mechanical homogenization models to separate the effect of porosity from intrinsic variations of the response of the sound material. The porosity is made of voids with 2e30 nm diameter. The Young's modulus and hardness of the films decrease by a factor of two when the deposition pressure increases from 1.2 to 8 mTorr. The contribution of porosity was found to be small, and a change in the atomic structure of the amorphous Al2O3 matrix is hypothesized to be the main contributing factor. The activation volume associated to the viscoplastic deformation mechanism is around 100 Å3. Differences in the atomic structure of the films could not be revealed by electron diffraction, pointing to a minute effect of atomic arrangement on the elastic properties.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000394201500003	Publication Date	2016-12-02
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1359-6454	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	5.301	Times cited	5	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	This work has been funded by the Belgian Science Policy through the IAP 7/21 project. The support of the ‘Fonds Belge pour la Recherche dans l’Industrie et l’Agriculture (FRIA)’ for A.v.d.R. is also gratefully acknowledged, as well as the support of FNRS through the grant PDR T.0122.13 “Mecano”.			Approved	Most recent IF: 5.301
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:138990			Serial	4330
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Author	Sánchez-Iglesias, A.; Winckelmans, N.; Altantzis, T.; Bals, S.; Grzelczak, M.; Liz-Marzán, L.M.
Title	High-Yield Seeded Growth of Monodisperse Pentatwinned Gold Nanoparticles through Thermally Induced Seed Twinning			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	Journal of the American Chemical Society	Abbreviated Journal	J Am Chem Soc
Volume	139	Issue	139	Pages	107-110
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	We show here that thermal treatment of small seeds results in extensive twinning and a subsequent drastic yield improvement (>85%) in the formation of pentatwinned nanoparticles, with pre-selected morphology (nanorods, bipyramids and decahedra) and aspect ratio. The “quality” of the seeds thus defines the yield of the obtained nanoparticles, which in the case of nanorods avoids the need for additives such as Ag+ ions. This modified seeded growth method also improves reproducibility, as the seeds can be stored for extended periods of time without compromising the quality of the final nanoparticles. Additionally, minor modification of the seeds with Pd allows their localization within the final particles, which opens new avenues toward mechanistic studies. All together, these results represent a paradigm shift in anisotropic gold nanoparticle synthesis.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000392036900025	Publication Date	2016-12-29
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0002-7863	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	13.858	Times cited	267	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	Financial support is acknowledged from the European Research Council through ERC Advanced Grant Plasmaquo and the ERC Starting Grant COLOURATOM. T.A. acknowledges financial support from the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO, Belgium) through a postdoctoral grant. (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot); ECAS_Sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 13.858
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:139018UA @ admin @ c:irua:139018			Serial	4339
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Author	Samaeeaghmiyoni, V.; Idrissi, H.; Groten, J.; Schwaiger, R.; Schryvers, D.
Title	Quantitative in-situ TEM nanotensile testing of single crystal Ni facilitated by a new sample preparation approach			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2017	Publication	Micron	Abbreviated Journal	Micron
Volume	94	Issue	94	Pages	66-73
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	Twin-jet electro-polishing and Focused Ion Beam (FIB) were combined to produce small size Nickel single crystal specimens for quantitative in-situ nanotensile experiments in the transmission electron microscope. The combination of these techniques allows producing samples with nearly defect-free zones in the centre in contrast to conventional FIB-prepared samples. Since TEM investigations can be performed on the electro-polished samples prior to in-situ TEM straining, specimens with desired crystallographic orientation and initial microstructure can be prepared. The present results reveal a dislocation nucleation controlled plasticity, in which small loops induced by FIB near the edges of the samples play a central role.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000393247300008	Publication Date	2016-12-21
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0968-4328	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	1.98	Times cited	11	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	This research has been performed with the financial support of the Belgian Science Policy (Belspo) under the framework of the interuniversity attraction poles program, IAP7/21. Financial support from the Flemish (FWO) and German Research Foundation (DFG) through the European M-ERA.NET project “FaSS” (Fatigue Simulation near Surfaces) under the grant numbers GA.014.13N and SCHW855/5-1, respectively, is gratefully acknowledged. V. Samaeeaghmiyoni also acknowledges the FWO research project G012012N “Understanding nanocrystalline mechanical behaviour from structural investigations”. H. Idrissi is currently mandated by the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (FSR-FNRS).			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.98
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:139515			Serial	4341
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Author	Garzia Trulli, M.; Claes, N.; Pype, J.; Bals, S.; Baert, K.; Terryn, H.; Sardella, E.; Favia, P.; Vanhulsel, A.
Title	Deposition of aminosilane coatings on porous Al₂O₃microspheres by means of dielectric barrier discharges			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2017	Publication	Plasma processes and polymers	Abbreviated Journal	Plasma Process Polym
Volume	14	Issue	14	Pages	1600211
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
Abstract	Advances in the synthesis of porous microspheres and in their functionalization are increasing the interest in applications of alumina. This paper deals with coatings plasma deposited from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane by means of dielectric barrier discharges on alumina porous microspheres, shaped by a vibrational droplet coagulation technique. Aims of the work are the functionalization of the particles with active amino groups, as well as the evaluation of their surface coverage and of the penetration of the coatings into their pores. A multi-diagnostic approach was used for the chemical/morphological characterization of the particles. It was found that 5 min exposure to plasma discharges promotes the deposition of homogeneous coatings onto the microspheres and within their pores, down to 1 μm.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000410773200003	Publication Date	2017-01-05
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1612-8850	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	2.846	Times cited	8	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	The technical assistance of the VITO staff (Materials Dpt.) is gratefully acknowledged, especially D. Havermans, E. Van Hoof, R. Kemps (SEM-EDX), and A. De Wilde (Hg Porosimetry). Drs. S. Mullens and G. Scheltjens are kindly acknowledged for constructive discussions. Strategic Initiative Materials in Flanders (SIM) is gratefully acknowledged for its financial support. This research was carried out in the framework of the SIM-TRAP program (Tools for rational processing of nano-particles: controlling and tailoring nanoparticle based or nanomodified particle based materials). N. Claes and S. Bals acknowledge financial support from European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOM). (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted ; pdfversion:cannot); saraecas; ECAS_Sara;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.846
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:139511UA @ admin @ c:irua:139511			Serial	4342
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Author	Rodal-Cedeira, S.; Montes-García, V.; Polavarapu, L.; Solís, D.M.; Heidari, H.; La Porta, A.; Angiola, M.; Martucci, A.; Taboada, J.M.; Obelleiro, F.; Bals, S.; Pérez-Juste, J.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.
Title	Plasmonic Au@Pd Nanorods with Boosted Refractive Index Susceptibility and SERS Efficiency: A Multifunctional Platform for Hydrogen Sensing and Monitoring of Catalytic Reactions			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	Chemistry of materials	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Mater
Volume	28	Issue	28	Pages	9169-9180
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	Palladium nanoparticles (NPs) have received tremendous attention over the years due to their high catalytic activity for various chemical reactions. However, unlike other noble metal nanoparticles such as Au and Ag NPs, they exhibit poor plasmonic properties with broad extinction spectra and less scattering efficiency, and thus limiting their applications in the field of plasmonics. Therefore, it has been challenging to integrate tunable and strong plasmonic properties into catalytic Pd nanoparticles. Here we show that plasmonic Au@Pd nanorods (NRs) with relatively narrow and remarkably tunable optical responses in the NIR region can be obtained by directional growth of Pd on penta-twinned Au NR seeds. We found the presence of bromide ions facilitates the stabilization of facets for the directional growth of Pd shell to obtain Au@Pd nanorods (NR) with controlled length scales. Interestingly, it turns out the Au NR supported Pd NRs exhibit much narrow extinction compared to pure Pd NRs, which makes them suitable for plasmonic sensing applications. Moreover, these nanostructures display, to the best of our knowledge, one of the highest ensemble refractive index sensitivity values reported to date (1067 nm per refractive index unit, RIU). Additionally, we showed the application of such plasmonic Au@Pd NRs for localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based sensing of hydrogen both in solution as well as on substrate. Finally, we demonstrate the integration of excellent plasmonic properties in catalytic palladium enables the in situ monitoring of a reaction progress by surface-enhanced Raman scattering. We postulate the proposed approach to boost the plasmonic properties of Pd nanoparticles will ignite the design of complex shaped plasmonic Pd NPs to be used in various plasmonic applications such as sensing and in situ monitoring of various chemical reactions.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000391080900036	Publication Date	2016-12-27
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0897-4756	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	9.466	Times cited	80	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	Funding from Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Grants MAT2013-45168-R and MAT2016-77809-R) is gratefully acknowledge. A.L.P. and S.B. acknowledge support by the European Research Council through an ERC Starting Grant (#335078-COLOURATOMS). L. P. acknowledges the financial support from by the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung. V. M.-G. acknowledges the financial support from FPU scholarship from the Spanish MINECO. (ROMEO:white; preprint:; postprint:restricted 12 months embargo; pdfversion:cannot); ECAS_Sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.466
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:139513			Serial	4344
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Author	Lu, J.; Bartholomeeusen, E.; Sels, B.F.; Schryvers, D.
Title	Internal architecture of coffin-shaped ZSM-5 zeolite crystals with hourglass contrast unravelled by focused ion beam-assisted transmission electron microscopy: INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE OF COFFIN-SHAPED			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2017	Publication	Journal of microscopy	Abbreviated Journal	J Microsc-Oxford
Volume	265	Issue	265	Pages	27-33
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	Optical microscopy, focused ion beam and transmission electron microscopy are combined to study the internal architecture in a coffin-shaped ZSM-5 crystal showing an hourglass contrast in optical microscopy. Based on parallel lamellas from different positions in the crystal, the orientation relationships between the intergrowth components of the crystal are studied and the internal architecture and growth mechanism are illustrated. The crystal is found to contain two pyramid-like components aside from a central component. Both pyramid-like components are rotated by 90 degrees along the common c-axis and with respect to the central component while the interfaces between the components show local zig-zag feature, the latter indicating variations in relative growth velocity of the two components. The pyramid-like intergrowth components are larger and come closer to one another in the middle of the crystal than at the edges, but they do not connect. A model of multisite nucleation and growth of 90 degrees intergrowth components is proposed.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000392487400004	Publication Date	2016-08-19
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0022-2720	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	1.692	Times cited	4	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G.0603.10N ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 1.692
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:141015			Serial	4437
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Author	Al-Jamal, K.T.; Bai, J.; Wang, J.T.W.; Protti, A.; Southern, P.; Bogart, L.; Heidari, H.; Li, X.; Cakebread, A.; Asker, D.; Al-Jamal, W.T.; Shah, A.; Bals, S.; Sosabowski, J.; Pankhurst, Q.A.;
Title	Magnetic drug targeting : preclinical in vivo studies, mathematical modeling, and extrapolation to humans			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	Nano letters	Abbreviated Journal	Nano Lett
Volume	16	Issue	16	Pages	5652-5660
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	A sound theoretical rationale for the design of a magnetic nanocarrier capable of magnetic capture in vivo after intravenous administration could help elucidate the parameters necessary for in vivo magnetic tumor targeting. In this work, we utilized our long-circulating polymeric magnetic nano carriers, encapsulating increasing amounts of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in a biocompatible oil carrier, to study the effects of SPION loading and of applied magnetic field strength on magnetic tumor targeting in CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Under controlled conditions, the in vivo magnetic targeting was quantified and found to be directly proportional to SPION loading and magnetic field strength. Highest SPION loading, however, resulted in a reduced blood circulation time and a plateauing of the magnetic targeting. Mathematical modeling was undertaken to compute the in vivo magnetic, viscoelastic, convective, and diffusive forces acting on the nanocapsules (NCs) in accordance with the Nacev-Shapiro construct, and this was then used to extrapolate to the expected behavior in humans. The model predicted that in the latter case, the NCs and magnetic forces applied here would have been sufficient to achieve successful targeting in humans. Lastly, an in vivo murine tumor growth delay study was performed using docetaxel (DTX)-encapsulated NCs. Magnetic targeting was found to offer enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and improve mice survival compared to passive targeting at drug doses of ca. 5-8 mg, of DTX/kg. This is,, to our knowledge, the first study that truly bridges the gap between preclinical experiments and clinical translation in the field of magnetic drug targeting.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington	Editor
Language		Wos	000383412100050	Publication Date	2016-08-19
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1530-6984	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	12.712	Times cited	128	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	; J.B. acknowledges funding from the King's-China Scholarship Council (CSC). Funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/ J008656/1), Worldwide Cancer Research (12-1054), and EU FP7-ITN Marie-Curie Network programme RADDEL (290023) is acknowledged. Q.P. is grateful to A. Nacev (Weinberg Medical Physics, Rockville, MD) and to B. Shapiro (University of Maryland, College Park, MD) for their useful advice during the preparation of this manuscript. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 12.712
Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:137136			Serial	4391
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Author	Kurttepeli, M.; Locus, R.; Verboekend, D.; de Clippel, F.; Breynaert, E.; Martens, J.; Sels, B.; Bals, S.
Title	Synthesis of aluminum-containing hierarchical mesoporous materials with columnar mesopore ordering by evaporation induced self assembly			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	Microporous and mesoporous materials: zeolites, clays, carbons and related materials	Abbreviated Journal	Micropor Mesopor Mat
Volume	234	Issue	234	Pages	186-195
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	The incorporation of aluminum into the silica columns of hierarchical mesoporous materials (HMMs) was studied. The HMMs were synthesized by a combination of hard and soft templating methods, forming mesoporous SBA-15-type silica columns inside the pores of anodic aluminum oxide membranes via evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA). By adding Al-isopropoxide to the EISA-mixture a full tetrahedral incorporation of Al and thus the creation of acid sites was achieved, which was proved by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Electron microscopy showed that the use of Al-isopropoxide as an Al source for the HMMs led to a change in the mesopore ordering of silica material from circular hexagonal (donut-like) to columnar hexagonal and a 37% increase in specific surface (BET surface). These results were confirmed by a combination of nitrogen physisorption and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments and can be attributed to a swelling of the P123 micelles with isopropanol. The columnar mesopore ordering of silica is advantageous towards the pore accessibility and therefore preferential for many possible applications including catalysis and adsorption on the acid tetrahedral Al-sites. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
Language		Wos	000383291400020	Publication Date	2016-07-09
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1387-1811	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	3.615	Times cited	5	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	; The Belgian government (Belgian Science Policy Office, Belspo) is acknowledged for financing the Interuniversity Attraction Poles (IAP-PAI). S. B. acknowledges the financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS). D. V. acknowledges the Flanders Research Foundation (FWO). ; ecas_Sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 3.615
Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:137108			Serial	4404
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Author	Zalfani, M.; Hu, Z.-Y.; Yu, W.-B.; Mahdouani, M.; Bourguiga, R.; Wu, M.; Li, Y.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Djoued, Y.; Su, B.-L.
Title	BiVo₄/3DOM TiO₂ nanocomposites : effect of BiVO₄ as highly efficient visible light sensitizer for highly improved visible light photocatalytic activity in the degradation of dye pollutants			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2017	Publication	Applied catalysis : B : environmental	Abbreviated Journal	Appl Catal B-Environ
Volume	205	Issue	205	Pages	121-132
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	A series of BiVO4/3DOM TiO2 nanocomposites have been synthesized and their photocatalytic activity was investigated under visible light irradiation using the RhB dye as model pollutant molecule in an aqueous solution. The effect of the amount of BiVO4 as visible light sensitizer on the photocatalytic activity of BiVO4/3DOM TiO2 nanocomposites was highlighted. The heterostructured composite system leads to much higher photocatalytic efficiencies than bare 3DOM TiO2 and BiVO4 nanoparticles. As the proportion of BiVO4 in BiVO4/3DOM TiO2 nanocomposites increases from 0.04 to 0.6, the photocatalytic performance of the BiVO4/3DOM TiO2 nanocomposites increases and then decreases after reaching a maximum at 0.2. This improvement in photocatalytic perfomance is related to 1) the interfacial electron transfer efficiency between the coupled materials, 2) the 3DOM TiO2 inverse opal structure with interconnected pores providing an easy mass transfer of the reactant molecules and high accessibility to the active sites and large surface area and 3) the effect of light sensitizer of BiVO4. Intensive studies on structural, textural, optical and surface properties reveal that the electronic interactions between BiVO4 and TiO2 lead to an improved charge separation of the coupled BiVO4/TiO2 system. The photogenerated charge carrier densities increase with increasing the BiVO4 content, which acts as visible light sensitizer to the TiO2 and is responsible for the enhancement in the rate of photocatalytic degradation. However, the photocatalytic activity is reduced when the BiVO4 amount is much higher than that of 3DOM TiO2. Two reasons could account for this behavior. First, with increasing BiVO4 content, the photogenerated electron/hole pairs are accumulated at the surface of the BiVO4 nanoparticles and the recombination rate increases as shown by the PL results. Second, decreasing the amount of 3DOM TiO2 in the nanocomposite decreases the surface area as shown by the BET results. Moreover, the poor adsorptive properties of the BiVO4 photocatalyst also affect the photocatalytic performance, in particular at higher BiVO4 content. The present work demonstrates that BiVO4/3DOM TiO2 is a very promising heterojunction system for visible light photocatalytic applications.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
Language		Wos	000393931000013	Publication Date	2016-12-08
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0926-3373	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	9.446	Times cited	52	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	; This work was realized with the financial support of Chinese Ministry of Education in a framework of the Changjiang Scholar Innovative Research Team Program (IRT_15R52). B. L. Su acknowledges the Chinese Central Government for an “Expert of the State” position in the Program of the “Thousand Talents” and a Clare Hall Life Member, University of Cambridge. Y. Li acknowledges Hubei Provincial Department of Education for the “Chutian Scholar” program. This work is also supported by PhD Programs Foundation (20120143120019) of Chinese Ministry of Education, the Wuhan Youth Chenguang Program of Science and Technology (2013070104010003), Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation (2014CFB160, 2015CFB516), the National Science Foundation for Young Scholars of China (No. 51502225) and Self-determined and Innovative Research Funds of the SKLWUT (2015-ZD-7). MZ thanks the scholarship support from the Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry ay the University of Namur. Z. Y. Hu and G. Van Tendeloo acknowledge support from the EC Framework 7 program ESTEEM2 (Reference 312483). This research used resources of the Electron Microscopy Service located at the University of Namur. This Service is member of the “Plateforme Technologique Morphologie – Imagerie”. The XPS analyses were made in the LISE, Department of Physics of University of Namur thanks to Dr. P. Louette. XRD measurements, UV-vis and photoluminescent spectroscopic analyses and N<INF>2</ INF> adsorption-desorption measurements were made with the facility of the “Plateforme Technologique Physico-Chimique”. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 9.446
Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:138601			Serial	4405
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Author	Zanaga, D.; Altantzis, T.; Sanctorum, J.; Freitag, B.; Bals, S.
Title	An alternative approach for \zeta-factor measurement using pure element nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
Volume	164	Issue		Pages	11-16
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	It is very challenging to measure the chemical composition of hetero nanostructures in a reliable and quantitative manner. Here, we propose a novel and straightforward approach that can be used to quantify energy dispersive X-ray spectra acquired in a transmission electron microscope. Our method is based on a combination of electron tomography and the so-called zeta-factor technique. We will demonstrate the reliability of our approach as well as its applicability by investigating Au-Ag and Au-Pt hetero nanostructures. Given its simplicity, we expect that the method could become a new standard in the field of chemical characterization using electron microscopy. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
Language		Wos	000373526200002	Publication Date	2016-03-10
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	19	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	; The authors acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant # 335078-COLOURATOMS) and the European Union under the FP7 (Integrated Infrastructure Initiative N. 312483 – ESTEEM2). ; ecas_Sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:133259			Serial	4439
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Author	Verduyckt, J.; Van Hoof, M.; De Schouwer, F.; Wolberg, M.; Kurttepeli, M.; Eloy, P.; Gaigneaux, E.M.; Bals, S.; Kirschhock, C.E.A.; De Vos, D.E.
Title	PdPb-catalyzed decarboxylation of proline to pyrrolidine : highly selective formation of a biobased amine in water			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	ACS catalysis	Abbreviated Journal	Acs Catal
Volume	6	Issue	6	Pages	7303-7310
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	Amino acids have huge potential as platform chemicals in the biobased industry. Pd-catalyzed decarboxylation is a very promising route for the valorization of these natural compounds derived from protein waste or fermentation. We report that the highly abundant and nonessential amino acid L-proline is very reactive in the Pd-catalyzed decarboxylation. Full conversions are obtained with Pd/C and different Pd/MeOx catalysts; this allowed the identification of the different side reactions and the mapping of the reaction network. Due to the high reactivity of pyrrolidine, the selectivity for pyrrolidine was initially low. By carefully modifying Pd/ZrO2 with Pb in a controlled manner-via two incipient wetness impregnation steps-the selectivity increased remarkably. Finally, a thorough investigation of the reaction parameters resulted in an increased activity of this modified catalyst and an even further enhanced selectivity under a low H-2 pressure of 4 bar at 235 degrees C in water. This results in a very selective and sustainable production route for the highly interesting pyrrolidine.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000387306100005	Publication Date	2016-09-16
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2155-5435	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	10.614	Times cited	27	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	; J.V. and F.D.S. thank Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO) and Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT) for doctoral fellowships. D.D.V. acknowledges IWT and FWO for research project funding. D.D.V. and C.E.A.K. acknowledge the Flemish government for long-term structural funding through Methusalem. D.D.V. and S.B. acknowledge Belspo (IAP-PAI 7/05) for financial support. S.B. is grateful for funding by the European Research Council (ERC starting grant no. 335078-COLOURATOMS). The authors also thank the Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Germany for use of their XRD equipment. Finally, the assistance of Karel Duerinckx, Werner Wouters, Walter Vermandel, Ivo Stassen, Dries Jonckheere, Sabina Accardo and Bart Bueken with 11-1 NMR, pressure reactors, CO chemisorption, N<INF>2</INF> physisorption, SEM, gas phase FTIR and high-throughput XRD, respectively, is very much appreciated. ; ecas_Sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 10.614
Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:139171			Serial	4445
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Author	Grzelczak, M.; Sanchez-Iglesias, A.; Heidari, H.; Bals, S.; Pastoriza-Santos, I.; Perez-Juste, J.; Liz-Marzan, L.M.
Title	Silver Ions Direct Twin-Plane Formation during the Overgrowth of Single-Crystal Gold Nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2016	Publication	ACS Omega	Abbreviated Journal
Volume	1	Issue	1	Pages	177-181
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	It is commonly agreed that the crystalline structure of seeds dictates the crystallinity of final nanoparticles in a seeded-growth process. Although the formation of monocrystalline particles does require the use of single-crystal seeds, twin planes may stem from either single-or polycrystalline seeds. However, experimental control over twin-plane formation remains difficult to achieve synthetically. Here, we show that a careful interplay between kinetics and selective surface passivation offers a unique handle over the emergence of twin planes (in decahedra and triangles) during the growth over single-crystalline gold nanoparticles of quasi-spherical shape. Twinning can be suppressed under conditions of slow kinetics in the presence of silver ions, yielding single-crystalline particles with high-index facets.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000391203300002	Publication Date	2016-08-03
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2470-1343;2470-1343;	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor		Times cited	18	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	; This work was supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad MINECO (grants: MAT2013-46101-R, MAT2013-49375-EXP, MAT2013-45168-R). Financial support is acknowledged by the European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant # 267867, PLASMAQUO; ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOM). ; ecas_Sara			Approved	Most recent IF: NA
Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:140398			Serial	4446
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Author	D'Olieslaeger, L.; Pfannmöller, M.; Fron, E.; Cardinaletti, I.; Van der Auweraer, M.; Van Tendeloo, G.; Bals, S.; Maes, W.; Vanderzande, D.; Manca, J.; Ethirajan, A.
Title	Tuning of PCDTBT : PC₇₁BM blend nanoparticles for eco-friendly processing of polymer solar cells			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2017	Publication	Solar energy materials and solar cells	Abbreviated Journal	Sol Energ Mat Sol C
Volume	159	Issue	159	Pages	179-188
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	We report the controlled preparation of water processable nanoparticles (NPs) employing the push-pull polymer PCDTBT and the fullerene acceptor PC71BM in order to enable solar cell processing using eco-friendly solvent (i.e. water). The presented method provides the possibility to separate the formation of the active layer blend and the deposition of the active layer into two different processes. For the first time, the benefits of aqueous processability for the high-potential class of push-pull polymers, generally requiring high boiling solvents, are made accessible. With our method we demonstrate excellent control over the blend stoichiometry and efficient mixing. Furthermore, we provide visualization of the nano morphology of the different NPs to obtain structural information down to similar to 2 nm resolution using advanced analytical electron microscopy. The imaging directly reveals very small compositional demixing in the PCDTBT:PC71BM blend NPs, in the size range of about <5 nm, indicating fine mixing at the molecular level. The suitability of the proposed methodology and materials towards the aspects of eco-friendly processing of organic solar cells is demonstrated through a processing of lab scale NPs solar cell prototypes reaching a power conversion efficiency of 1.9%. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication	Amsterdam	Editor
Language		Wos	000388053600021	Publication Date	2016-09-19
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0927-0248	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	4.784	Times cited	32	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	; This work was supported by BOF funding of Hasselt University, the Interreg project Organext, and the IAP 7/05 project FS2 (Functional Supramolecular Systems), granted by the Science Policy Office of the Belgian Federal Government (BELSPO). A.E. is a post-doctoral fellow of the Flanders Research Foundation (FWO). M.P. gratefully acknowledges the SIM NanoForce program for financial support. S.B. further acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS). The authors are thankful for technical support by J. Smits, T. Vangerven, and J. Baccus. ; ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.784
Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:139157UA @ admin @ c:irua:139157			Serial	4450
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Author	Rahemi, V.; Sarmadian, N.; Anaf, W.; Janssens, K.; Lamoen, D.; Partoens, B.; De Wael, K.
Title	Unique opto-electronic structure and photo reduction properties of sulfur doped lead chromates explaining their instability in paintings			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2017	Publication	Analytical chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Anal Chem
Volume	89	Issue	89	Pages	3326-3334
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Condensed Matter Theory (CMT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
Abstract	Chrome yellow refers to a group of synthetic inorganic pigments that became popular as an artists material from the second quarter of the 19th century. The color of the pigment, in which the chromate ion acts as a chromophore, is related to its chemical composition (PbCr1-xSxO4, with 0≤x≤0.8) and crystalline structure (monoclinic/orthorhombic). Their shades range from the yellow-orange to the paler yellow tones with increasing sulfate amount. These pigments show remarkable signs of degradation after limited time periods. Pure PbCrO4 (crocoite in its natural form) has a deep yellow color and is relatively stable, while the co-precipitate with lead sulfate (PbCr1-xSxO4) has a paler shade and seems to degrade faster. This degradation is assumed to be related to the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). We show that on increasing the sulfur(S)-content in chrome yellow, the band gap increases. Typically, when increasing the band gap, one might assume that a decrease in photo activity is the result. However, the photo activity relative to the Cr content, and thus Cr reduction, of sulfur-rich PbCr1-xSxO4 is found to be much higher compared to the sulfur-poor or non-doped lead chromates. This discrepancy can be explained by the evolution of the crystal and electronic structure as function of the sulfur content: first-principles density functional theory calculations show that both the absorption coefficient and reflection coefficients of the lead chromates change as a result of the sulfate doping in such a way that the generation of electron-hole pairs under illumination relative to the total Cr content increases. These changes in the material properties explain why paler shade yellow colors of this pigment are more prone to discoloration. The electronic structure calculations also demonstrate that lead chromate and its co-precipitates are p-type semiconductors, which explains the observed reduction reaction. As understanding this phenomenon is valuable in the field of cultural heritage, this study is the first joint action of photo-electrochemical measurements and first-principles calculations to approve the higher tendency of sulfur-rich lead chromates to darken.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication	Washington, D.C.	Editor
Language		Wos	000397478300015	Publication Date	2017-02-23
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0003-2700	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	6.32	Times cited	7	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	; The computational resources and services used in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center) and the HPC infrastructure of the University of Antwerp (CalcUA), both funded by the Hercules Foundation and the Flemish Government, department EWI. The BOF-GOA action SOLARPAINT of the University of Antwerp Research Council is acknowledged for financial support. W.A. acknowledges support from BELSPO project S2-ART. Dr. L. Monico and Dr. C. Miliani (ISTM, Perugia) are gratefully acknowledged for helpful discussions and for providing some of the initial batches of the materials studied. ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.32
Call Number	UA @ lucian @ c:irua:140886			Serial	4451
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Author	Blommaerts, N.; Asapu, R.; Claes, N.; Bals, S.; Lenaerts, S.; Verbruggen, S.W.
Title	Gas phase photocatalytic spiral reactor for fast and efficient pollutant degradation			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2017	Publication	Chemical engineering journal	Abbreviated Journal	Chem Eng J
Volume	316	Issue	316	Pages	850-856
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
Abstract	Photocatalytic reactors for the degradation of gaseous organic pollutants often suffer from major limitations such as small reaction area, sub-optimal irradiation conditions and thus limited reaction rate. In this work, an alternative solution is presented that involves a glass tube coated on the inside with (silvermodified) TiO2 and spiraled around a UVA lamp. First, the spiral reactor is coated from the inside with TiO2 using an experimentally verified procedure that is optimized toward UV light transmission. This procedure is kept as simple as possible and involves a single casting step of a 1 wt% suspension of TiO2 in ethanol through the spiral. This results in a coated tube that absorbs nearly all incident UV light under the experimental conditions used. The optimized coated spiral reactor is then benchmarked to a conventional annular photoreactor of the same outer dimensions and total catalyst loading over a broad range of experimental conditions. Although residence time distribution experiments indicate slightly longer dwelling of molecules in the spiral reactor, no significant difference in by-passing of gas between the spiral reactor and the annular reactor can be claimed. Acetaldehyde degradation efficiency of 100% is obtained with the spiral reactor for a residence time as low as 60 s, whereas the annular reactor could not achieve full degradation even at 1000 s residence time. In a final case study, addition of long-term stable silver nanoparticles, protected by an ultra-thin polymer shell applied via the layer-by-layer (LbL) method, to the spiral reactor coating is shown to double the degradation efficiency and provides an interesting strategy to cope with higher pollutant concentrations without changing the overall dimensions.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000398985200089	Publication Date	2017-02-08
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	1385-8947	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	6.216	Times cited	30	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	N.B. wishes to thank the University of Antwerp – Belgium for financial support. N.C. and S.B. acknowledge financial support from European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078- COLOURATOM). S.W.V. acknowledges the Research Foundation – Flanders (FWO) for a postdoctoral fellowship. (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot); ecas_sara			Approved	Most recent IF: 6.216
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:140925UA @ admin @ c:irua:140925			Serial	4481
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Author	Zhong, Z.; Goris, B.; Schoenmakers, R.; Bals, S.; Batenburg, K.J.
Title	A bimodal tomographic reconstruction technique combining EDS-STEM and HAADF-STEM			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2017	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
Volume	174	Issue	174	Pages	35-45
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	A three-dimensional (3D) chemical characterization of nanomaterials can be obtained using tomography based on high angle annular dark field (HAADF) scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) or energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) STEM. These two complementary techniques have both advantages and disadvantages. The Z-contrast images have good image quality but lack robustness in the compositional analysis, while the elemental maps give more element-specific information, but at a low signal-to-noise ratio and a longer exposure time. Our aim is to combine these two types of complementary information in one single tomographic reconstruction process. Therefore, an imaging model is proposed combining both HAADF-STEM and EDS-STEM. Based on this model, the elemental distributions can be reconstructed using both types of information simultaneously during the reconstruction process. The performance of the new technique is evaluated using simulated data and real experimental data. The results demonstrate that combining two imaging modalities leads to tomographic reconstructions with suppressed noise and enhanced contrast.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000403342200005	Publication Date	2016-12-11
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	26	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	This research is supported by the Dutch Technology Foundation STW (http://www.stw.nl/), which is part of the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), and which is partly funded by the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Agriculture and Innovation under project number 13314. It is also supported by the Flemish research foundation (FWO Vlaanderen) by project funding (G038116N) and a postdoctoral research grant to B.G. Funding from the European Research Council (Starting Grant No. COLOURATOMS 335078) is acknowledged by S.B. The authors would like to thank Dr. Bernd Rieger and Dr. Richard Aveyard for useful discussions, and Prof. Dr. Luis M. Liz-Marzan for providing the investigated samples. We also acknowledge COST Action MP1207 for networking support. (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot); saraecas; ECAS_Sara;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:141719UA @ admin @ c:irua:141719			Serial	4484
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Author	Zhuge, X.; Jinnai, H.; Dunin-Borkowski, R.E.; Migunov, V.; Bals, S.; Cool, P.; Bons, A.-J.; Batenburg, K.J.
Title	Automated discrete electron tomography – Towards routine high-fidelity reconstruction of nanomaterials			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2017	Publication	Ultramicroscopy	Abbreviated Journal	Ultramicroscopy
Volume	175	Issue	175	Pages	87-96
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Laboratory of adsorption and catalysis (LADCA)
Abstract	Electron tomography is an essential imaging technique for the investigation of morphology and 3D structure of nanomaterials. This method, however, suffers from well-known missing wedge artifacts due to a restricted tilt range, which limits the objectiveness, repeatability and efficiency of quantitative structural analysis. Discrete tomography represents one of the promising reconstruction techniques for materials science, potentially capable of delivering higher fidelity reconstructions by exploiting the prior knowledge of the limited number of material compositions in a specimen. However, the application of discrete tomography to practical datasets remains a difficult task due to the underlying challenging mathematical problem. In practice, it is often hard to obtain consistent reconstructions from experimental datasets. In addition, numerous parameters need to be tuned manually, which can lead to bias and non-repeatability. In this paper, we present the application of a new iterative reconstruction technique, named TVR-DART, for discrete electron tomography. The technique is capable of consistently delivering reconstructions with significantly reduced missing wedge artifacts for a variety of challenging data and imaging conditions, and can automatically estimate its key parameters. We describe the principles of the technique and apply it to datasets from three different types of samples acquired under diverse imaging modes. By further reducing the available tilt range and number of projections, we show that the proposed technique can still produce consistent reconstructions with minimized missing wedge artifacts. This new development promises to provide the electron microscopy community with an easy-to-use and robust tool for high-fidelity 3D characterization of nanomaterials.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000403342500008	Publication Date	2017-01-24
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0304-3991	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	2.843	Times cited	22	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	This work has been supported in part by the Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen (STW) through a personal grant (Veni,13610), and was in part by ExxonMobil Chemical Europe Inc. The authors further acknowledge financial support from the University of Antwerp through BOF GOA funding. S.B. acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council (ERC Starting Grant #335078-COLOURATOMS). R.D.B. is grateful for funding from the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013)/ ERC grant agreement number 320832. Thomas Altantzis is gratefully acknowledged for acquiring the Anatase nanosheets dataset. (ROMEO:green; preprint:; postprint:can ; pdfversion:cannot); saraecas; ECAS_Sara;			Approved	Most recent IF: 2.843
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:141218UA @ admin @ c:irua:141218			Serial	4485
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Author	Benetti, G.; Cavaliere, E.; Canteri, A.; Landini, G.; Rossolini, G.M.; Pallecchi, L.; Chiodi, M.; Van Bael, M.J.; Winckelmans, N.; Bals, S.; Gavioli, L.
Title	Direct synthesis of antimicrobial coatings based on tailored bi-elemental nanoparticles			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2017	Publication	APL materials	Abbreviated Journal	Apl Mater
Volume	5	Issue	5	Pages	036105
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	Ultrathin coatings based on bi-elemental nanoparticles (NPs) are very promising to limit the surface-related spread of bacterial pathogens, particularly in nosocomial environments. However, tailoring the synthesis, composition, adhesion to substrate, and antimicrobial spectrum of the coating is an open challenge. Herein, we report on a radically new nanostructured coating, obtained by a one-step gas-phase deposition technique, and composed of bi-elemental Janus type Ag/Ti NPs. The NPs are characterized by a cluster-in-cluster mixing phase with metallic Ag nano-crystals embedded in amorphous TiO2 and present a promising antimicrobial activity including also multidrug resistant strains. We demonstrate the flexibility of the method to tune the embedded Ag nano-crystals dimension, the total relative composition of the coating, and the substrate type, opening the possibility of tailoring the dimension, composition, antimicrobial spectrum, and other physical/chemical properties of such multi-elemental systems. This work is expected to significantly spread the range of applications of NPs coatings, not only as an effective tool in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections but also in other technologically relevant fields like sensors or nano-/micro joining.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000398951000014	Publication Date	2017-03-20
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	2166-532X	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	4.335	Times cited	21	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	We thank Urs Gfeller for the XRF measurements, Francesco Banfi for valuable discussions on the manuscript and Giulio Viano for his valuable support in the microbiological analysis. The authors acknowledge the financial support of Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore through D.2.2 and D.3.1 grants and from the European Union through the 7th Framework Program (FP7) under a contract for an Integrated Infrastructure Initiative (Reference No. 312483 ESTEEM2). REFERENCES			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.335
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:141723UA @ admin @ c:irua:141723			Serial	4479
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Author	Tunca, B.; Lapauw, T.; Karakulina, O.M.; Batuk, M.; Cabioc’h, T.; Hadermann, J.; Delville, R.; Lambrinou, K.; Vleugels, J.
Title	Synthesis of MAX Phases in the Zr-Ti-Al-C System			Type	A1 Journal article
Year	2017	Publication	Inorganic chemistry	Abbreviated Journal	Inorg Chem
Volume	56	Issue	56	Pages	3489-3498
Keywords	A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
Abstract	This study reports on the synthesis and characterization of MAX phases in the (Zr,Ti)n+1AlCn system. The MAX phases were synthesized by reactive hot pressing and pressureless sintering in the 1350–1700 °C temperature range. The produced ceramics contained large fractions of 211 and 312 (n = 1, 2) MAX phases, while strong evidence of a 413 (n = 3) stacking was found. Moreover, (Zr,Ti)C, ZrAl2, ZrAl3, and Zr2Al3 were present as secondary phases. In general, the lattice parameters of the hexagonal 211 and 312 phases followed Vegard’s law over the complete Zr-Ti solid solution range, but the 312 phase showed a non-negligible deviation from Vegard’s law around the (Zr0.33,Ti0.67)3Al1.2C1.6 stoichiometry. High-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with X-ray diffraction demonstrated ordering of the Zr and Ti atoms in the 312 phase, whereby Zr atoms occupied preferentially the central position in the close-packed M6X octahedral layers. The same ordering was also observed in 413 stackings present within the 312 phase. The decomposition of the secondary (Zr,Ti)C phase was attributed to the miscibility gap in the ZrC-TiC system.
Address
Corporate Author				Thesis
Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
Language		Wos	000397171100045	Publication Date	2017-03-20
Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
ISSN	0020-1669	ISBN		Additional Links	UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles
Impact Factor	4.857	Times cited	26	Open Access	OpenAccess
Notes	Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, G.0431.10N.F ; Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie, 131081 ; European Atomic Energy Community, 604862 ; SCK-CEN Academy for Nuclear Science and Technology; Hercules Foundation, Project/Award no: AKUL/1319 Project/Award no: ZW09-09 ;			Approved	Most recent IF: 4.857
Call Number	EMAT @ emat @ c:irua:141794			Serial	4491
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