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“A robust nitrifying community in a bioreactor at 50 degrees C opens up the path for thermophilic nitrogen removal”. Courtens ENP, Spieck E, Vilchez-Vargas R, Bode S, Boeckx P, Schouten S, Jauregui R, Pieper DH, Vlaeminck SE, Boon N, The ISME journal : multidisciplinary journal of microbial ecology 10, 2293 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1038/ISMEJ.2016.8
Abstract: The increasing production of nitrogen-containing fertilizers is crucial to meet the global food demand, yet high losses of reactive nitrogen associated with the food production/consumption chain progressively deteriorate the natural environment. Currently, mesophilic nitrogen-removing microbes eliminate nitrogen from wastewaters. Although thermophilic nitrifiers have been separately enriched from natural environments, no bioreactors are described that couple these processes for the treatment of nitrogen in hot wastewaters. Samples from composting facilities were used as inoculum for the batch-wise enrichment of thermophilic nitrifiers (350 days). Subsequently, the enrichments were transferred to a bioreactor to obtain a stable, high-rate nitrifying process (560 days). The community contained up to 17% ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOAs) closely related to 'Candidatus Nitrososphaera gargensis', and 25% nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOBs) related to Nitrospira calida. Incorporation of C-13-derived bicarbonate into the respective characteristic membrane lipids during nitrification supported their activity as autotrophs. Specific activities up to 198 +/- 10 and 894 +/- 81 mg N g(-1) VSS per day for AOAs and NOBs were measured, where NOBs were 33% more sensitive to free ammonia. The NOBs were extremely sensitive to free nitrous acid, whereas the AOAs could only be inhibited by high nitrite concentrations, independent of the free nitrous acid concentration. The observed difference in product/substrate inhibition could facilitate the development of NOB inhibition strategies to achieve more cost-effective processes such as deammonification. This study describes the enrichment of autotrophic thermophilic nitrifiers from a nutrient-rich environment and the successful operation of a thermophilic nitrifying bioreactor for the first time, facilitating opportunities for thermophilic nitrogen removal biotechnology.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1038/ISMEJ.2016.8
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“Two fragments of mold-blown glass beakers with Greek inscriptions from Tongeren (Belgium)”. Cosyns P, Vanderhoeven A, Vynckier G, Janssens K, Schalm O, Vanderlinden V, Journal of glass studies 47, 179 (2005)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Black glass vessels and jewellery in Belgium : production, context analysis, chronology and use”. Cosyns P, Janssens K, Vanderlinden V, Schalm O, (2005)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Un verre méditerranéen pour la production de bracelets laténiens en Europe septentrionale : résultats danalyses SEM-EDX et LA-ICP-MS de bracelets en verre La Tène tardive de Odijk, Tiel et Geldermalseren-Hondsgemet”. Cosyns P, Cagno S, Janssens K, Nys K, Bulletin AFAV , 13 (2014)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Trace elements in the atmospheric aerosols and soils in and around Recife, N.E. Brasil”. Costa Dantas C, Moura de Amorim W, Van 't dack L, Van Grieken R, Ciencia e cultura 32, 1525 (1980)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Analise de solos por meio de fluorescencia de raios-X nao-dispersiva”. Costa Dantas C, Da Silveira Dantas H, Van 't dack L, Van Grieken R, Química nova 4, 110 (1981)
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Follow the N and P road : high-resolution nutrient flow analysis of the Flanders region as precursor for sustainable resource management”. Coppens J, Meers E, Boon N, Buysse J, Vlaeminck SE, Resources, conservation and recycling 115, 9 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.RESCONREC.2016.08.006
Abstract: Resource-efficient nutrient management is key to secure food production in the context of a growing global population, rising resource scarcity and increasing pressure on the environment. To map the potential towards increasing nutrient use efficiencies and reduce environmental losses, a high-resolution insight of the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) nutrient streams is pivotal. In this study, a substance flow analysis for N and P is presented for the nutrient intensive region of Flanders (6,211,065 inhabitants) in Belgium for the year 2009. A set of 160 nutrient fluxes was quantified throughout 21 economic and environmental compartments, with a particular focus on 10 waste management processes. A total nutrient load of 20 kg N cap(-1) yr(-1) (ca. 73% to the air and 28% to surface waters) and 0.53 kg P cap(-1) yr(-1) (to surface waters) is emitted to the environment; with crop and livestock production as the main contributors (49% of N and 36% of P). The food supply chain revealed a fertilizer-to-consumer efficiency of 14% for N as well as for P, with important losses embedded in waste streams such as excess manure. Advanced manure and waste processing facilities nevertheless offer the opportunity for enhanced nutrient recycling to increase the nutrient use efficiencies and reduce the dependency of inorganic fertilizers. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.RESCONREC.2016.08.006
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“The nitrogen and phosphorus budget of Flanders : a tool for efficient resource management”. Coppens J, Meers E, Boon N, Buysse J, Vlaeminck SE, , 3 p.
T2 (2015)
Keywords: P3 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
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“Nitrification and microalgae cultivation for two-stage biological nutrient valorization from source separated urine”. Coppens J, Lindeboom R, Muys M, Coessens W, Alloul A, Meerbergen K, Lievens B, Clauwaert P, Boon N, Vlaeminck SE, Bioresource technology 211, 41 (2016). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2016.03.001
Abstract: Urine contains the majority of nutrients in urban wastewaters and is an ideal nutrient recovery target. In this study, stabilization of real undiluted urine through nitrification and subsequent microalgae cultivation were explored as strategy for biological nutrient recovery. A nitrifying inoculum screening revealed a commercial aquaculture inoculum to have the highest halotolerance. This inoculum was compared with municipal activated sludge for the start-up of two nitrification membrane bioreactors. Complete nitrification of undiluted urine was achieved in both systems at a conductivity of 75 mS cm−1 and loading rate above 450 mg N L−1 d−1. The halotolerant inoculum shortened the start-up time with 54%. Nitrite oxidizers showed faster salt adaptation and Nitrobacter spp. became the dominant nitrite oxidizers. Nitrified urine as growth medium for Arthrospira platensis demonstrated superior growth compared to untreated urine and resulted in a high protein content of 62%. This two-stage strategy is therefore a promising approach for biological nutrient recovery.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.BIORTECH.2016.03.001
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“Coupling a hydrological water quality model and an economic optimization model to set up a cost-effective emission reduction scenario for nitrogen”. Cools J, Broekx S, Vandenberghe V, Seuntjens P, ea, Environmental modelling and software 26, 44 (2011). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.ENVSOFT.2010.04.017
Abstract: A modelling approach is presented that determines the most cost-effective set of reduction measures to reach an in-stream concentration target. The framework is based on the coupling of two models: the hydrological water quality model SWAT and an economic optimization model (Environmental Costing Model, ECM). SWAT is used to determine the relationship between the modelled in-stream concentration at the river basin outlet and the associated emission reduction. The ECM is used to set up marginal abatement cost curves for nutrients and oxygen demanding substances. Results for nitrogen are presented for the Grote Nete river basin in Belgium for the year 2006. Results show that the good status for total nitrogen can be reached in the study area. The most cost-effective measures are more productive dairy cattle, implementing basic measures as defined in the WFD, winter cover crops, improved efficiency of WWTP, enhanced fodder efficiency for pigs, further treatment of industrial waste water and tuned fertilization. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVSOFT.2010.04.017
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“Electron-hole superfluidity in strained Si/Ge type II heterojunctions”. Conti S, Saberi-Pouya S, Perali A, Virgilio M, Peeters FM, Hamilton AR, Scappucci G, Neilson D, npj Quantum Materials 6, 41 (2021). http://doi.org/10.1038/S41535-021-00344-3
Abstract: Excitons are promising candidates for generating superfluidity and Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in solid-state devices, but an enabling material platform with in-built band structure advantages and scaling compatibility with industrial semiconductor technology is lacking. Here we predict that spatially indirect excitons in a lattice-matched strained Si/Ge bilayer embedded into a germanium-rich SiGe crystal would lead to observable mass-imbalanced electron-hole superfluidity and BEC. Holes would be confined in a compressively strained Ge quantum well and electrons in a lattice-matched tensile strained Si quantum well. We envision a device architecture that does not require an insulating barrier at the Si/Ge interface, since this interface offers a type II band alignment. Thus the electrons and holes can be kept very close but strictly separate, strengthening the electron-hole pairing attraction while preventing fast electron-hole recombination. The band alignment also allows a one-step procedure for making independent contacts to the electron and hole layers, overcoming a significant obstacle to device fabrication. We predict superfluidity at experimentally accessible temperatures of a few Kelvin and carrier densities up to similar to 6 x 10(10) cm(-2), while the large imbalance of the electron and hole effective masses can lead to exotic superfluid phases.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Times cited: 9
DOI: 10.1038/S41535-021-00344-3
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“Effect of mismatched electron-hole effective masses on superfluidity in double layer solid-state systems”. Conti S, Perali A, Peeters FM, Neilson D, Condensed Matter 6, 14 (2021). http://doi.org/10.3390/CONDMAT6020014
Abstract: Superfluidity has been predicted and now observed in a number of different electron-hole double-layer semiconductor heterostructures. In some of the heterostructures, such as GaAs and Ge-Si electron-hole double quantum wells, there is a strong mismatch between the electron and hole effective masses. We systematically investigate the sensitivity to unequal masses of the superfluid properties and the self-consistent screening of the electron-hole pairing interaction. We find that the superfluid properties are insensitive to mass imbalance in the low density BEC regime of strongly-coupled boson-like electron-hole pairs. At higher densities, in the BEC-BCS crossover regime of fermionic pairs, we find that mass imbalance between electrons and holes weakens the superfluidity and expands the density range for the BEC-BCS crossover regime. This permits screening to kill the superfluid at a lower density than for equal masses.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Times cited: 1
DOI: 10.3390/CONDMAT6020014
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“Transition metal dichalcogenides as strategy for high temperature electron-hole superfluidity”. Conti S, Neilson D, Peeters FM, Perali A, Condensed Matter 5, 22 (2020). http://doi.org/10.3390/CONDMAT5010022
Abstract: Condensation of spatially indirect excitons, with the electrons and holes confined in two separate layers, has recently been observed in two different double layer heterostructures. High transition temperatures were reported in a double Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayer system. We briefly review electron-hole double layer systems that have been proposed as candidates for this interesting phenomenon. We investigate the double TMD system WSe2/hBN/MoSe2, using a mean-field approach that includes multiband effects due to the spin-orbit coupling and self-consistent screening of the electron-hole Coulomb interaction. We demonstrate that the transition temperature observed in the double TMD monolayers, which is remarkably high relative to the other systems, is the result of (i) the large electron and hole effective masses in TMDs, (ii) the large TMD band gaps, and (iii) the presence of multiple superfluid condensates in the TMD system. The net effect is that the superfluidity is strong across a wide range of densities, which leads to high transition temperatures that extend as high as TBKT=150 K.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
Times cited: 13
DOI: 10.3390/CONDMAT5010022
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Conti S (2020) Multi-band superfluidity and BEC-BCS crossover in novel ultrathin materials. 123 p
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Sociology; History; Condensed Matter Theory (CMT)
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“Getting rid of anti-solvents: gas quenching for high performance perovskite solar cells”. Conings B, Babayigit A, Klug M, Bai S, Gauquelin N, Sakai N, Wang JT-W, Verbeeck J, Boyen H-G, Snaith H, 2018 Ieee 7th World Conference On Photovoltaic Energy Conversion (wcpec)(a Joint Conference Of 45th Ieee Pvsc, 28th Pvsec &, 34th Eu Pvsec) (2018). http://doi.org/10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547987
Abstract: As the field of perovskite optoelectronics developed, a plethora of strategies has arisen to control their electronic and morphological characteristics for the purpose of producing high efficiency devices. Unfortunately, despite this wealth of deposition approaches, the community experiences a great deal of irreproducibility between different laboratories, batches and preparation methods. Aiming to address this issue, we developed a simple deposition method based on gas quenching that yields smooth films for a wide range of perovskite compositions, in single, double, triple and quadruple cation varieties, and produces planar heterojunction devices with competitive efficiencies, so far up to 20%.
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
DOI: 10.1109/PVSC.2018.8547987
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Cong S (2021) Numerical study on low-pressure hollow cathode argon arc plasma. XIX, 126 p
Abstract: The low-pressure hollow cathode discharge made of a hollow circular tube and an anode is a type of simple structure discharge system. In particular, under the arc discharge mode, hollow cathodes have high plasma density and energy density with a wide range of adaptability of pressure and current. Low-pressure hollow cathode arc (HCA) discharges have been widely used as plasma sources in various fields such as manufacturing, vacuum welding, and aerospace since the 1960s. Despite the early experimental and applied researches on low-pressure HCA discharges, the basic theoretical study was relatively lagged much behind, resulting in many unanswered questions, such as the optimal discharge operating parameters, the power deposition inside the cathode, the causes of plasma instability, and how to effectively reduce cathode erosion and so on. Due to the special discharge structure of the hollow cathode, it is difficult to make an accurate experimental diagnosis, so a reasonable numerical simulation is an effective study method. However, up to now, there is still a lack of complete and effective numerical models which can evaluate various physical fields in the low-pressure hollow cathode discharges. To address the above problems and difficulties, a comprehensive and self-consistent 2D multi-physical coupling numerical model based on a commercial program of finite element method, the COMSOL Multiphysics, was provided in this paper. The model involves plasma transport, arc flow and heat transfer, and cathode thermal equilibrium, and can consider the effect of an applied magnetic field. The processes of secondary electron emission, thermal-field electron emission, ions and backflow high-energy electrons bombardment, and thermal radiation from the cathode surface are considered in the cathode thermal equilibrium process. Based on the above background, this paper works from the following aspects: In Chapter 1, the basic concepts of low-pressure HCA discharge including the hollow cathode effect, the basic characteristics, and operation modes were introduced firstly; Secondly, the application fields, development history, and overseas and domestic research status of hollow cathode discharge were reviewed; finally, the problems were presented and the research background was explained, and the research purpose of this paper was clarified. In Chapter 2, a complete and self-consistent numerical model of low-pressure hollow cathode discharge was proposed based on the fundamental theory and assumptions, and the set of control equations and boundary conditions in the model were elaborated. In addition, the electron energy distribution function, the collision processes, the solving tools of this model, and calculation schemes were introduced in detail. Finally, a validation example was given to test the rationality and applicability of the numerical model. In Chapter 3, the fundamental plasma properties of low-pressure hollow cathode arcs were investigated. Firstly, the ion Joule heating effect was studied. The results showed that the temperature distributions of the arc and cathode are only able to approach the experimental measurements after considering the ion Joule heating, which shows that the Joule heating of ions is crucial for the heating of the arc plasma. Secondly, by comparing the radial distribution of electron and ion density inside the cathode, the structure of the cathode sheath could be simulated well using this model. Finally, it was shown that the thermal radiation from the cathode surface is an important cooling mechanism of the cathode and only under higher surface emissivity can balance the larger heat flow given by the plasma to the cathode, and the temperature distribution of the cathode shows a non-monotonic increasing trend and is consistent with the profile of experimental measurement so that the so-called active zone is formed. In Chapter 4, the power deposition in the low-pressure HCA was studied in simulation. Two main aspects were considered: the power deposition into particles (both electrons and heavy particles) and the power deposition onto the cathode. It was found that the deposited power into particles increases with the rise of discharge current, but there is no effect on the total power deposition onto the cathode. In high-density plasmas, Coulomb collisions between electrons and ions also become very important, especially since a portion of the deposition energy on heavy particles comes mainly from the energy transfer from electrons to ions. It was also found that regardless of external parameters, half of the power deposition onto the cathode always comes from the particle contribution, while the other half is the net contribution of heat transfer and cathode radiation. The HCA model also allows the simulation of multiple discharge modes for low-pressure HCA discharges over a wide range of gas flow rates. It was also shown that the discharge operating conditions and the external magnetic field can change the distribution of the particle flow on the cathode wall. In Chapter 5, the ion sputtering erosion process on the cathode was simulated by coupling the HCA numerical model with the moving grid technique. The results showed that the ion sputtering erosion on the cathode depends on the ion flux and the plasma potential near the cathode wall and that their distribution and magnitude jointly determine the erosion morphology of the cathode. It was also found that the location of the most severe erosion on the cathode is located in the region of the densest ion flux on the cathode wall, rather than in the longitudinal correspondence with the central region of the internal positive column (IPC). The external magnetic fields can mitigate the cathode erosion and reduce the erosion depth, but stronger magnetic fields lead to a concentration of current density at the cathode tip, which can enhance erosion slightly at the cathode outlet end. Finally, the conclusions and innovation highlights were summarized, and prospects for future work were discussed.
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Philosophy; Educational sciences; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Populieren en hun bacteriën : een sanering hoeft niet altijd duur en ingrijpend te zijn”. Compernolle T, Van Passel S, Lebbe L, Vangronsveld J, Thewys T, Nieuwsbrief milieu &, economie 24, 15 (2010)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; Economics
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“The value of groundwater modeling to support a pump and treat design”. Compernolle T, Van Passel S, Lebbe L, Groundwater monitoring &, remediation 33, 111 (2013). http://doi.org/10.1111/GWMR.12018
Abstract: A wide range of rules, algorithms, and models are available to design an effective pump and treat remediation system. Often, one refers to the effectiveness of the developed pump and treat system to demonstrate how valuable the use of a groundwater model can be. An economic valuation of the groundwater model is usually missing. This study provides a framework that puts the discussion concerning the use of groundwater models in an economic perspective. It is not only demonstrated that a more effective pump and treat system can be designed using a groundwater model, but also the economic implications of using a groundwater model are calculated. A set of economic decision rules is applied to determine the economic value of a groundwater model. It is shown that investing in a groundwater model can be economically worthwhile. The remediation time is reduced, remediation costs are saved and the property can be sold more early. These benefits outweigh the costs of developing a groundwater model, and hence a positive net benefit (NB) is determined.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Economics
DOI: 10.1111/GWMR.12018
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“Ferroelectric switching in FEFET : physics of the atomic mechanism and switching dynamics in HfZrOx, HfO2 with oxygen vacancies and Si dopants”. Clima S, O'Sullivan BJ, Ronchi N, Bardon MG, Banerjee K, Van den Bosch G, Pourtois G, van Houdt J, (2020). http://doi.org/10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9372117
Abstract: The fine balance between dipole-field energy and anion drift force defines the switching mechanism during polarization reversal: for the first time we show that only Pbcm mechanism obeys the ferroelectric switching physics, whereas P4(2)/nmc (or any other) mechanism does not. However, with lower energy barrier, it represents an important antiferroelectric mechanism. Constraints relaxation can lead to 90 degrees polarization rotation (domain deactivation). Intrinsically, the Si/VO-doping can switch faster than undoped HfO2 or HfZrOx. Theoretical Arrhenius model / intrinsic material switching (DFT) overestimates the switching speed extracted from experiments.
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; Engineering sciences. Technology; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
DOI: 10.1109/IEDM13553.2020.9372117
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“First-principles perspective on poling mechanisms and ferroelectric/antiferroelectric behavior of Hf1-xZrxO2 for FEFET applications”. Clima S, McMitchell SRC, Florent K, Nyns L, Popovici M, Ronchi N, Di Piazza L, Van Houdt J, Pourtois G, 2018 Ieee International Electron Devices Meeting (iedm) (2018)
Abstract: We investigate at the atomic level the most probable phase transformations under strain, that are responsible for the ferroelectric/ antiferroelectric behavior in Hf1-xZrxO2 materials. Four different crystalline phase transformations exhibit a polar/non-polar transition: monoclinic-to-orthorhombic requires a gliding strain tensor, orthorhombic-to-orthorhombic transformation does not need strain to polarize the material, whereas tetragonal-to-cubic cell compression and tetragonal-to-orthorhombic cell elongation destabilizes the non-polar tetragonal phase, facilitating the transition towards a polar atomic configuration, therefore changing the polarization-electric field loop from antiferroelectric to ferroelectric. Oxygen vacancies can reduce drastically the polarization reversal barriers.
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine – Antwerp (PLASMANT)
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“Synchroton X-ray powder diffraction study of lead white oxidation by sodium hypochloride”. Clerici EA, De Meyer S, van der Snickt G, Janssens K, , 13 (2017)
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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Clavel J (2024) Plant-mycorrhizal interactions and their role in plant invasions in mountains. 182 p
Abstract: Non-native species invasions are one of the most impactful drivers of biodiversity and ecosystem services loss worldwide. One aspect of plant species invasion, which is only recently starting to be recognized as a determinant of invasion success, is the symbiosis between plant and mycorrhizal fungi. Here, I focus on anthropogenic disturbance in mountain ecosystems and its impact on plant communities and mycorrhizal fungi to answer how these communities are impacted by disturbance and whether non-native plants can benefit to establish and spread. To this end I used a combination of different approaches: 1) repeated surveys of plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi along disturbed roadsides in the mountains of Norway, 2) combining a global dataset of native and non-native plants along mountain roads with a database associating plants with their mycorrhizal types, and 3) an in-situ experiment measuring non-native plant success and changes in fungal community following different types of disturbances. Through these methods, I could assess the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on mycorrhizal symbiosis and non-native plant species at multiple scales and resolutions. We found that road disturbance has a globally consistent effect on mycorrhizal types in mountain systems, as plants associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were more abundant following disturbance. Conversely, vegetation associated with either ectomycorrhizal (EcM) or ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) fungi was less abundant in disturbed sites. In the regional study, AM fungi were most abundant and diverse in the roots of plant communities affected by road disturbance. Non-native plants were also restricted to these disturbed sites. The experimental results showed that physical disturbance and nutrient addition have negative effects on EcM fungi and positive effects on fungal pathogens, and facilitate non-native plant success. Our results show that anthropogenic disturbance does have an effect on mycorrhizal fungi that in turn impacts the distribution of plant species in disturbed mountain systems. The resulting shift in mycorrhizal fungi benefiting AM fungi and AM plant species could have implications for non-native plant invasions. Indeed, we know that non-native plants predominantly form associations with AM fungi. Therefore, anthropogenic disturbance can facilitate non-native plant success through disruption of the native fungal communities, and especially so in high elevation and cold climate regions which are naturally less dominated by AM plants. I believe this highlights the importance of mycorrhizal symbiosis in understanding plant invasions and emphasizes the importance of monitoring sources of anthropogenic disturbance in mountains to prevent future establishment of non-native plants.
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Plant and Ecosystems (PLECO) – Ecology in a time of change
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“Nitrogen cycling in bioregenerative life support systems : challenges for waste refinery and food production processes”. Clauwaert P, Muys M, Alloul A, De Paepe J, Luther A, Sun X, Ilgrande C, Christiaens MER, Hu X, Zhang D, Lindeboom REF, Sas B, Rabaey K, Boon N, Ronsse F, Geelen D, Vlaeminck SE, Progress in aerospace sciences 91, 87 (2017). http://doi.org/10.1016/J.PAEROSCI.2017.04.002
Abstract: In order to sustain human life in an isolated environment, an efficient conversion of wasted nutrients to food might become mandatory. This is particularly the case for space missions where resupply from earth or in-situ resource utilization is not possible or desirable. A combination of different technologies is needed to allow full recycling of e.g. nitrogenous compounds in space. In this review, an overview is given of the different essential processes and technologies that enable closure of the nitrogen cycle in Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS). Firstly, a set of biological and physicochemical refinery stages ensures efficient conversion of waste products into the building blocks, followed by the production of food with a range of biological methods. For each technology, bottlenecks are identified. Furthermore, challenges and outlooks are presented at the integrated system level. Space adaptation and integration deserve key attention to enable the recovery of nitrogen for the production of nutritional food in space, but also in closed loop systems on earth.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Sustainable Energy, Air and Water Technology (DuEL)
DOI: 10.1016/J.PAEROSCI.2017.04.002
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Claes N (2018) 3D characterization of coated nanoparticles and soft-hard nanocomposites. Antwerpen
Keywords: Doctoral thesis; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT)
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“Micro-analysis of artists' pigments by grazing-emission X-ray fluorescence spectrometry”. Claes M, van Ham R, Janssens K, Van Grieken R, Klockenkämper R, von Bohlen A, Advances in X-ray analysis 41, 262 (1999)
Keywords: A3 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Determination of silicon in organic matrices with grazing-emission X-ray fluorescence spectrometry”. Claes M, van Dyck K, Deelstra H, Van Grieken R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 54, 1517 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00098-1
Abstract: The potential of a prototype grazing-emission X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for reliable analysis of sample solutions, obtained by pressurized microwave oven digestion of Si-spiked organic and biological materials, was investigated as part of an inter-laboratory study. The fact that this grazing-emission technique is based on the total reflection phenomenon and wavelength-dispersive detection, gives it the benefit to determine light elements in a sensitive way. Results of the determination of silicon in pork liver, cellulose, urine, serum, spinach, beer, mineral water and horsetail (dry plant extract) samples are presented. Some of the results are compared with those obtained with other analytical techniques. The study proved that determination of silicon traces in biological matrices represents an extremely difficult task, however, measurements of silicon are achieved with acceptable precision. The most important problems still arise when sample pre-treatment is needed prior to analysis. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(99)00098-1
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“Inorganic compounds of atmospheric aerosols”. Claes M, Gysels K, Van Grieken R, Harrison RM page 95 (1998).
Keywords: H3 Book chapter; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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“Optimization of sample preparation for grazing emission X-ray fluorescence in micro- and trace analysis applications”. Claes M, de Bokx P, Willard N, Veny P, Van Grieken R, Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy 52, 1063 (1997). http://doi.org/10.1016/S0584-8547(96)01654-0
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1016/S0584-8547(96)01654-0
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“Progress in laboratory grazing emission X-ray fluorescence spectrometry”. Claes M, de Bokx P, Van Grieken R, X-ray spectrometry 28, 224 (1999). http://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4539(199907/08)28:4<224::AID-XRS337>3.3.CO;2-W
Keywords: A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4539(199907/08)28:4<224::AID-XRS337>3.3.CO;2-W
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“Recent developments of laboratory grazing emission X-ray fluorescence spectrometry”. Claes M, de Bokx P, Van Grieken R, , 103 (1999)
Keywords: P1 Proceeding; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation)
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