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Author |
Schalm, O.; van der Linden, V.; Frederickx, P.; Luyten, S.; van der Snickt, G.; Caen, J.; Schryvers, D.; Janssens, K.; Cornelis, E.; van Dyck, D.; Schreiner, M. |
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Title |
Enamels in stained glass windows: preparation, chemical composition, microstructure and causes of deterioration |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Spectrochim Acta B |
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Volume |
64 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
812-820 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Vision lab |
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Abstract |
Stained glass windows incorporating dark blue and purple enamel paint layers are in some cases subject to severe degradation while others from the same period survived the ravages of time. A series of dark blue, greenblue and purple enamel glass paints from the same region (Northwestern Europe) and from the same period (16early 20th centuries) has been studied by means of a combination of microscopic X-ray fluorescence analysis, electron probe micro analysis and transmission electron microscopy with the aim of better understanding the causes of the degradation. The chemical composition of the enamels diverges from the average chemical composition of window glass. Some of the compositions appear to be unstable, for example those with a high concentration of K2O and a low content of CaO and PbO. In other cases, the deterioration of the paint layers was caused by the less than optimal vitrification of the enamel during the firing process. Recipes and chemical compositions indicate that glassmakers of the 1617th century had full control over the color of the enamel glass paints they made. They mainly used three types of coloring agents, based on Co (dark blue), Mn (purple) and Cu (light-blue or greenblue) as coloring elements. Bluepurple enamel paints were obtained by mixing two different coloring agents. The coloring agent for redpurple enamel, introduced during the 19th century, was colloidal gold embedded in grains of lead glass. |
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Place of Publication |
Oxford |
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Wos |
000269995300018 |
Publication Date |
2009-06-19 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0584-8547; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.241 |
Times cited |
28 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
Iuap Vi/6; Fwo; Goa |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.241; 2009 IF: 2.719 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:79647 |
Serial |
1035 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Schalm, O.; Janssens, K.; Caen, J. |
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Title |
Characterization of the main causes of deterioration of grisaille paint layers in 19th C. stained-glass windows by J.-B. Capronnier |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Spectrochimica acta: part B : atomic spectroscopy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Spectrochim Acta B |
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Volume |
58 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
589-607 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Twenty-seven glass fragments containing dark coloured grisaille paint layers of different qualities were collected from ten windows of the cathedral St. Michael & St. Gudule in Brussels (Belgium). The windows were made by J.-B. Capronnier (18141891) and cover the period between 1843 and 1878. The samples were cross-sectioned and examined in an electron microscope. Grisaille paint layers are not homogeneous and therefore, it is not meaningful to characterize them in terms of their average composition. Instead, parameters such as granularity, the number of residual gas bubbles per running millimetre of paint, the type of pigments, and the thickness of the paint layer were used to characterize them. The microscopic morphology allows a classification of the grisaille paint layers in four groups, every group associated with a quality level. Moreover, the main causes of the accelerated degradation of some of these paint layers could be explained. The classification made it possible to distinguish two periods in the work of Capronnier: (1) the early period (18431848) is characterized by the presence of either single granular paint layers or of double-layered systems consisting of a granular paint layer on top of a well-melted paint layer. The granular grisaille paint layers tend to pulverize; (2) the later period (18481878) is characterized by the presence of only well-vitrified paint layers. No sign of deterioration was found on the well-vitrified paint layers. |
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Wos |
000182744200002 |
Publication Date |
2003-04-23 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0584-8547; 0038-6987 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.241 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.241; 2003 IF: 2.361 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:41208 |
Serial |
5505 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Caen, J.; Vanmeert, F.; Alfeld, M.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Chemical imaging of stained-glass windows by means of macro X-ray fluorescence (MA-XRF) scanning |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Microchemical journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microchem J |
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Volume |
124 |
Issue |
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Pages |
615-622 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
Since the recent development of a mobile setup, MA-XRF scanning proved a valuable tool for the non-invasive, technical study of paintings. In this work, the applicability of MA-XRF scanning for investigating stained-glass windows inside a conservation studio is assessed by analysis of a high-profile, well-studied late-mediaeval panel. Although accurate quantification of components is not feasible with this analytical imaging technique, plotting the detected intensities of K versus Ca in a scatter plot allowed distinguishing glass fragments of different compositional types within the same panel. In particular, clusters in the Ca/K correlation plot revealed the presence of two subtypes of potash glass and three subtypes of high lime low alkali glass. MA-XRF results proved consistent with previous quantitative SEM-EDX analysis on two samples and analytical-based theories on glass production in the Low Countries formulated in literature. A bi-plot of the intensities of the more energetic Rb-K versus Sr-K emission lines yielded a similar glass type differentiation and is here presented as suitable alternative in case the Ca/K signal ratio is affected by superimposed weathering crusts. Apart from identification of the chromophores responsible for the green, blue and red glass colors, contrasting the associated elemental distribution maps obtained on the exterior and interior side of the glass permitted discriminating between colored pot metal glass and multi-layered flashed glass as well. Finally, the benefit of obtaining compositional information from the entire surface, as opposed to point analysis, was illustrated by the discovery of what appears to be a green cobalt glass a feature that was previously missed on this well-studied stained-glass window, both by connoisseurs and spectroscopic sample analysis. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. |
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Wos |
000367755600074 |
Publication Date |
2015-10-25 |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0026-265x; 0026-265x |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
3.034 |
Times cited |
22 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; The staff of the Museums of the City of Bruges, i.e. Director Till-Holger Borchert and Deputy Curator Kristel Van Audenaeren, are acknowledged for this pleasant collaboration and the authorization for the publication of the images in this article. This research was supported by the InBev-Baillet Latour fund. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 3.034 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:131100 |
Serial |
5514 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Hillen, M.; Legrand, S.; Dirkx, Y.; Janssens, K.; van der Snickt, G.; Caen, J.; Steenackers, G. |
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Title |
Cluster analysis of IR thermography data for differentiating glass types in historical leaded-glass windows |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Applied Sciences-Basel |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Sci-Basel |
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Volume |
10 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
4255-13 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES); AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
Infrared thermography is a fast, non-destructive and contactless testing technique which is increasingly used in heritage science. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of infrared thermography, in combination with a data clustering approach, to differentiate between the different types of historical glass that were included in a colorless leaded-glass windows during previous restoration interventions. Inspection of the thermograms and the application of two data mining techniques on the thermal data, i.e., k-means clustering and hierarchical clustering, allowed identifying different groups of window panes that show a different thermal behavior. Both clustering approaches arrive at similar groupings of the glass with a clear separation of three types. However, the lead cames that hold the glass panes appear to have a substantial impact on the thermal behavior of the surrounding glass, thus preventing classification of the smallest glass panes. For the larger panes, this was not a critical issue as the center of the glass remained unaffected. Subtle visual color differences between panes, implying a variation in coloring metal ions, was not always distinguished by IRT. Nevertheless, data clustering assisted infrared thermography shows potential as an efficient and swift method for documenting the material intervention history of leaded-glass windows during or in preparation of conservation treatments. |
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Thesis |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000549351800001 |
Publication Date |
2020-06-22 |
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Series Editor |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2076-3417 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.7 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.7; 2020 IF: 1.679 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:170012 |
Serial |
7674 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Al-Emam, E.; Soenen, H.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Characterization of polyvinyl alcohol-borax/agarose (PVA-B/AG) double network hydrogel utilized for the cleaning of works of art |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
Heritage science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
106 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
Since cleaning of artworks may cause undesirable physicochemical alterations and is a nonreversible procedure, it is mandatory to adopt the proper cleaning procedure. Such a procedure should remove undesired materials whilst preserving the original surface. In this regard, numerous gels have been developed and exploited for the cleaning of various artwork surfaces. Lately, agarose (AG) and polyvinyl alcohol-borax (PVA-B) hydrogels have been widely employed as cleaning tools by conservators. Both hydrogels show some limitations in specific cleaning practices. In this work, we investigated the influence of including increased levels of agarose into PVA-B systems. For this reason, we performed a detailed characterization on the double network (DN) hydrogel including the chemical structure, the liquid phase retention, the rheological behavior, and the self-healing behavior of various PVA-B/AG double network hydrogels. These new hydrogels revealed better properties than PVA-B hydrogels and obviated their limitations. The inclusion of AG into PVA-B systems enhanced the liquid retention capacity, shape-stability, and mechanical strength of the blend. Furthermore, AG minimized the expelling/syneresis issue that occurs when loading PVA-B systems with low polarity solvents or chelating agents. The resultant double network hydrogel exhibits relevant self-healing properties. The PVA-B/AG double network is a new and useful cleaning tool that can be added to the conservators' tool-kit. It is ideal for cleaning procedures dealing with porous and complex structured surfaces, vertical surfaces and for long time applications. |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
000580572500001 |
Publication Date |
2020-10-21 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2050-7445 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
2.5 |
Times cited |
1 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; Ehab Al-Emam thanks the Egyptian Ministry of Higher Education for funding his Ph.D. scholarship in addition to being grateful to University of Antwerp for additional funding. ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 2.5; 2020 IF: NA |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:173594 |
Serial |
6466 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Grieten, E.; Caen, J.; Schryvers, D. |
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Title |
Optimal sample preparation to characterize corrosion in historical photographs with analytical TEM |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
Microscopy and microanalysis |
Abbreviated Journal |
Microsc Microanal |
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Volume |
20 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1585-1590 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
An alternative focused ion beam preparation method is used for sampling historical photographs containing metallic nanoparticles in a polymer matrix. We use the preparation steps of classical ultra-microtomy with an alternative final sectioning with a focused ion beam. Transmission electron microscopy techniques show that the lamella has a uniform thickness, which is an important factor for analytical transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the method maintains the spatial distribution of nanoparticles in the soft matrix. The results are compared with traditional preparation techniques such as ultra-microtomy and classical focused ion beam milling. |
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Corporate Author |
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Place of Publication |
Cambridge, Mass. |
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Wos |
000345742900031 |
Publication Date |
2014-09-26 |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1431-9276;1435-8115; |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.891 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
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Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.891; 2014 IF: 1.877 |
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Call Number |
UA @ lucian @ c:irua:118481 |
Serial |
2484 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Schalm, O.; de Raedt, I.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
A methodology for the identification of glass panes of different origin in a single stained glass window: application on two 13th century windows |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Journal of cultural heritage |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Cult Herit |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
487-492 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
The chemical composition of 11 glass panes originating from two 13th century non-figurative windows were analyzed by means of Scanning Electron MicroscopyEnergy Dispersive X-ray system (SEM-EDX). The windows were discovered in the back-wall of the triforium during the restoration of the choir of the cathedral St. Michael and St. Gudule in Brussels (Belgium). In order to determine if these windows were fabricated with glass of different origin or not, the compositional difference between the panes were compared with the variation in composition as a result of the following causes: (1) compositional fluctuation between panes cut from the same sheet of glass, (2) compositional fluctuation caused when panes are cut from different sheets that were made with the same batch, (3) compositional fluctuation caused when the glass is made from different batches at the same production center, and (4) compositional fluctuation as a result of glass produced at different fabrication centers. |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Language |
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Wos |
000282680500016 |
Publication Date |
2010-07-07 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1296-2074 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.838 |
Times cited |
7 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.838; 2010 IF: 1.162 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:84942 |
Serial |
5707 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Grieten, E.; Schalm, O.; Tack, P.; Bauters, S.; Storme, P.; Gauquelin, N.; Caen, J.; Patelli, A.; Vincze, L.; Schryvers, D. |
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Title |
Reclaiming the image of daguerreotypes: Characterization of the corroded surface before and after atmospheric plasma treatment |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of cultural heritage |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Cult Herit |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Art; History; Electron microscopy for materials research (EMAT); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
Technological developments such as atmospheric plasma jets for industry can be adapted for the conservation of cultural heritage. This application might offer a potential method for the removal or transformation of the corrosion on historical photographs. We focus on daguerreotypes and present an in-depth study of the induced changes by a multi-analytical approach using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, different types of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure. The H2-He afterglow removes S from an Ag2S or Cu2S layer which results in a nano-layer of metallic Ag or Cu on top of the deteriorated microstructure. In case the corrosion layer is composed of Cu-Ag-S compounds, our proposed setup can be used to partially remove the corrosion. These alterations of the corrosion results in an improvement in the readability of the photographic image. |
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Place of Publication |
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Wos |
000414230700007 |
Publication Date |
2017-06-16 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1296-2074 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.838 |
Times cited |
9 |
Open Access |
Not_Open_Access |
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Notes |
The authors thank Herman Maes for the daguerreotypes used in this study. The authors also acknowledge the opportunity to perform XAFS measurements at the DUBBLE beamline of the ESRF storage ring under the approval of the advisory Committee (beam time nr. 26-01-990) and acknowledge the DUBBLE beamline staff for their support. They are also grateful for the financial support by the EU-FP7 grant PANNA no. 282998 and the STIMPRO project FFB150215 of the University of Antwerp. Pieter Tack is funded by a Ph.D. grant of the Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT). |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.838 |
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Call Number |
EMAT @ emat @c:irua:144430 |
Serial |
4625 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Schalm, O.; Proost, K.; De Vis, K.; Cagno, S.; Janssens, K.; Mees, F.; Jacobs, P.; Caen, J. |
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Title |
Manganese staining of archaeological glass : the characterization of Mn-rich inclusions in leached layers and a hypothesis of its formation |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Archaeometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
Archaeometry |
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Volume |
53 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
103-122 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
During the study of a large number of archaeological glass fragments, manganese-rich inclusions in leached layers were observed in a limited number of cases. This phenomenon occurs only in black-coloured leached layers. Since the formation mechanism of such manganese-rich inclusions is still unclear, a combination of several analytical techniques was used in order to investigate this phenomenon and, more specifically, to obtain more information on (a) the composition and morphology of the inclusions, (b) the chemical state of Mn and (c) the 3D morphology of the inclusions. A mechanism that might explain the formation of these inclusions is proposed. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000285418100006 |
Publication Date |
2010-07-22 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0003-813x; 1475-4754 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.47 |
Times cited |
24 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.47; 2011 IF: 1.183 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:88754 |
Serial |
5704 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Cagno, S.; van der Snickt, G.; Legrand, S.; Caen, J.; Patin, M.; Meulebroeck, W.; Dirkx, Y.; Hillen, M.; Steenackers, G.; Rousaki, A.; Vandenabeele, P.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Comparison of four mobile, non‐invasive diagnostic techniques for differentiating glass types in historical leaded windows : MA‐XRF , UV–Vis–NIR, Raman spectroscopy and IRT |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2020 |
Publication |
X-Ray Spectrometry |
Abbreviated Journal |
X-Ray Spectrom |
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Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
xrs.3185-17 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; Engineering sciences. Technology; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation); Antwerp Cultural Heritage Sciences (ARCHES) |
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Abstract |
This paper critically compares the performance of four non-invasive techniques that match the accuracy, flexibility, time-efficiency, and transportability required for in situ characterization of leaded glass windows: macroscopic X-ray fluorescence imaging (MA-XRF), UV-Vis-NIR, Raman spectroscopy, and infrared thermography (IRT). In order to compare the techniques on equal grounds, all techniques were tested independently of each other by separate research groups on the same historical leaded window tentatively dated to the 17th century, without prior knowledge. The aim was to assess the ability of these techniques to document the conservation history of the window by classifying and grouping the colorless glass panes, based on differences in composition. IRT, MA-XRF and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy positively distinguished at least two glass groups, with MA-XRF providing the most detailed chemical information. In particular, based on the ratio between the network modifier (K) and network stabilizer (Ca) and on the level of colorants and decolorizers (Fe, Mn, As), the number of plausible glass families could be strongly reduced. In addition, UV-Vis-NIR detected cobalt at ppm level and gave more specific information on the chromophore Fe2+/Fe(3+)ratio. Raman spectroscopy was hampered by fluorescence caused by the metal ions of the decolorizer in most of the panes, but nevertheless identified one group as HLLA. |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000561869600001 |
Publication Date |
2020-08-24 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0049-8246 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
1.2 |
Times cited |
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Open Access |
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Notes |
; Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, Grant/Award Number: BR/175/A3/FENESTRA; Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Grant/Award Number: 12X1919N; Baillet-Latour Fund ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 1.2; 2020 IF: 1.298 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:170972 |
Serial |
6473 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
Schalm, O.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K. |
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Title |
Homogeneity, composition and deterioration of window glass fragments and paint layers from two seventeenth-century stained glass windows created by Jan de Caumont (similar to 1580-1659) |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Studies in conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Stud Conserv |
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Volume |
55 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
216-226 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000285283600009 |
Publication Date |
2014-01-09 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0039-3630; 2047-0584 |
ISBN |
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Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
0.578 |
Times cited |
2 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
; ; |
Approved |
Most recent IF: 0.578; 2010 IF: 0.605 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:85835 |
Serial |
5645 |
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Permanent link to this record |
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Author |
van der Snickt, G.; Schalm, O.; Caen, J.; Janssens, K.; Schreiner, M. |
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Title |
Blue enamel on sixteenth- and seventeenth-century window glass : deterioration, microstructure, composition and preparation |
Type |
A1 Journal article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Studies in conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Stud Conserv |
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Volume |
51 |
Issue |
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Pages |
212-222 |
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Keywords |
A1 Journal article; AXES (Antwerp X-ray Analysis, Electrochemistry and Speciation) |
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Abstract |
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Address |
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Corporate Author |
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Thesis |
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Publisher |
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Place of Publication |
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Editor |
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Language |
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Wos |
000241941100006 |
Publication Date |
2014-01-09 |
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Series Editor |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0039-3630; 2047-0584 |
ISBN |
|
Additional Links |
UA library record; WoS full record; WoS citing articles |
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Impact Factor |
0.578 |
Times cited |
8 |
Open Access |
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Notes |
|
Approved |
Most recent IF: 0.578; 2006 IF: 0.609 |
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Call Number |
UA @ admin @ c:irua:60712 |
Serial |
5492 |
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Permanent link to this record |